Search

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women. Surgery is the main treatment for early breast cancer. At present, great progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of early breast cancer. Howover, innovative approaches are still needed to reduce trauma and improve patients' outcomes. With the progress of innovative research on the treatment of breast cancer, non-surgical treatment of breast and axilla has become a research hotspot of treatment of early breast cancer. Microwave ablation, as a minimally invasive and precise local treatment, has the characteristics of speedy ablation, simple operation method, less postoperative complications and so on. At present, microwave ablation has been used to treat early breast cancer, and has achieved clinical efficacy. In addition, some studies have been reported that microwave ablation of early breast cancer is conducive to regulating the tumor immune microenvironment and stimulating the antigen-specific anti-tumor immune effect in the body. This immune effect may be related to the massive release of tumor antigen after microwave ablation. The effect of immunotherapy alone for breast cancer is poor. Some researchers have proposed a scheme to enhance the ablation immune effect through combined immunotherapy, but its specific effect still needs more clinical data support. With more and more research on the immune effect induced by ablation therapy, microwave ablation combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor is expected to become a new strategy in the precise treatment of breast tumor. This article summarized the new progress and future development direction of microwave ablation in local precise treatment of breast cancer.

Taking paddy as the research object,the integrated temperature and humidity sensors was used to carry out monitoring at different condensation prone locations by simulation of the actual granary.The temperature and relative humidity of different positions of grain stack from winter to summer were measured.Then the cloud map of the temperature field and humidity field of the paddy pile were drawn using Matrix Laboratory simulation software (abbreviated as MATLAB) to analyze the distribution of temperature and humidity fields of paddy.Based on the model of grain equilibrium absolute humidity and dew point temperature (CAE model),the different states (equilibrium state,saturation state,adsorption state or desorption state) of the dangerous point of rice pile were calculated,and the change rules were explored.The results of this paper will provide a theoretical basis for reducing grain storage loss and realizing grain storage safety.

Biochar adsorption of heavy metals was greatly affected by the pH of the environment, and using conventional unbuffered system to estimate the adsorption capacity of biochar for heavy metal could lead to inaccurate results. In this study, we investigated the application of MES buffer system to evaluate adsorption capacity of biochar for three kinds of divalent metal cations (Cu, Zn, Cd), as well as the aging effect (freeze-thaw cycle aging and soil aging) on the adsorption behavior. Results showed that the pH of unbuffered system changed 3~5 units during the adsorption experiment, and the saturated adsorption capacity of biochar for Zn(II) and Cd(II) increased by 1.51~1.58 times with the pH of system increased from 5.5 to 7.3, which proved that the evaluation accuracy of unbuffered system was insufficient. Otherwise, the pH of MES buffer system kept steady (±0.2). When the pH of adsorption systems was similar (5.5±0.1), there was no significant difference in the adsorption capacity between two adsorption systems for Cu, indicating that MES had no direct reaction with neither biochar nor heavy metals cations. In addition, the aging effects on the adsorption of heavy metals at different pH conditions are quite different, which may be related to the different critical adsorption effect under different pH conditions. In general, MES buffer system can accurately evaluate the adsorption performance of biochar for heavy metals under specific pH conditions, and is more suitable for guiding biochar remediation of heavy metal pollution in soil environment which generally have strong buffer capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

the surgery practice teaching is an important transition for medical students from the theoretical study to the practice operation, and it is also the key to the medical students' surgical skills. By standardizing teaching contents, the reasonable use of network system, increasing layers of assessment and use the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (Objective Structured Clinical Examination, the OSCE), we want to strengthen the combination of theory and practice of the learning process based practice of surgery medical students, encourage students to play the subjective initiative and independent thinking. What's more, we hope students take effective use of the resources and time to improve themselves. Comparison study in the class of 2010 students showed that these means had not only achieved good teaching results, improved the teaching quality, but also got good grades in the national skills contest, laid a solid foundation for surgery medical students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the actual dilemma of intensified doctor-patient conflicts and the lack of teaching resources, we take advantage of the current social digitization, networking and informatization and explore construction and application of the surgical practice teaching platform. The teaching on network is an important useful supplement of clinical teaching. The teaching and research section of surgery in Nanjing Medical University focus on the current developed network technology and the high popularization of student computers and build autonomous learning platform with the aid of network technology. The platform includes virtual operating room, stereoscopic experimental teaching material and quality management through the network about "trinity" on surgical practice teaching. Through the training platform, the students get high scores in the three consecutive session of the contest of undergraduates' clinical skils of national medical coneges. Passing rate of practitioners practice exams within the graduates from our university is over 80. It can improve the medical students' surgical ability, effectively promote the construction of teachers team, and it is a good leading and exemplary role for the medical schools in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the efficiency of frequent itemset mining upon uncertain dataset, addressing the issue of heavy computation cost of existing algorithms on judging whether to build sub header table for a certain item in the header table, this paper proposed an approximation algorithm called AAT-Mine, at the cost of losing a small portion of frequent itemsets, improved the overall mining performance. It evaluated the AAT-Mine algorithm using three datasets against classical and state of art algorithms. Experimental results show that AAT-Mine not only outperforms AT-Mine, MBP, IMBP, UF-Growth and CUFP-Mine in terms of running time, but also remains efficient memory usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper described the surgical teaching laboratory construction in Nanjing Medical University, in accordance with the requirements of the national experimental teaching demonstration center. This lab reform focuses on surgery practice from the experimental teaching ideas, teaching system, teaching team, laboratory equipment, environment and lab operation, management mechanism and so on. We innovate practice teaching idea and establish the experimental teaching demonstration center of Jiangsu Province. We design experiment teaching contents, manufacture simple teaching equipments and increase improving and innovating experiments in order to build a surgical practice teaching style. We strengthen the construction of experiment teaching team and make it stable to improve the teachers initiative and creativity. We strengthen the education of laboratory principles and set up advanced management mode to ensure the safety of laboratories and to make sure that the laboratory run well. Our struggle has obtained the remarkable effect in basic experiment teaching, it cultivates medical students with clinical skills, clinical thinking ability, communication ability and innovative ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electric three-way proportion valve is used for the control of the large and small coolant circulation flows of internal combustion engine. The fuzzy control principle is applied to the control of the opening of proportion valve, and hence the regulation on the large and small coolant circulations of engine is realized. The control strategy is verified on the simulation test bench of engine cooling system with the coolant temperature and its changing rate as inputs and the increment of the opening angle of proportion valve as output of fuzzy controller. The results show that the fuzzy control strategy has high control accuracy and fast dynamic response, and can achieve the rational distribution of the large and small coolant circulations of engine coolant, assuring the engine working on the most suitable coolant temperature condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the great buring depth and hard Silurian formation with the strong abrasiveness and poor drillability in Yar Canyon Oilfield in Yumen, the PDC or roller bits are vulnerable to wear, resulting in short service time and low perforation rate. By utilizing the Torkbuster together with personalized PDC bit, the stability of both the drill string and torque can be remained, so the bit slippery is overcome effectively and the recoil torsion is lessened, resulting in intensifying WOB and improving ROP. The technoique is applied in drilling Silurian formation of well YS No.1 for 355.05 m, with the average ROP up to 1.70 m/h, 110% higher than that of adjacent wells. It is a new way of speed-up drilling in deep well in Yumen area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural system of cable dome with span of 71.2 m is employed for the roof structure of the National Fitness Center in Ejin Horo Banner, Inner Mongolia. It's the first large-span cable dome structure in mainland of our country. Firstly, the whole finite element model of cable dome structure was established and subjected to static analysis under various design and normal load combinations. That the unevenly distributed load was detrimental for cable dome structure was put forward by analyzing the force-bearing characteristics of cable dome structure at elastic stage. Secondly, the conclusions were drawn that the torsional stiffness of cable dome was weak and the membrane can improve the torsional stiffness effectively by analyzing dynamic characteristics. Subsequently, the whole process of elasto-plastic bucking analysis for cable dome system was performed to obtain the three stages in the whole loading process:relaxation of ridge cable, yielding of loop cable and breaking of structure. Meanwhile the influence of geometrical parameters on structural elasto-plastic performance was analyzed. Finally, the design method of cable dome structure based on performance was proposed, the strength and deformation performance and bearing capacity control indexes at each stage were put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the research progress and hot topics in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from 2018 to 2022.Methods The publications in the field of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from January 1,2018 to December 31,2022 were retrieved from Web of Science core collection database and included for a bibliometric analysis.Results A total of 6355 publications were included,with an average citation frequency of 7 times.The year 2021 witnessed the most publications (1406).The analysis with VOSviewer showed that the research on sudden death related to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,especially the predictive value of late gadolinium-enhanced cardiac MRI in sudden death,was a hot topic.In addition,gene detection and the new drug mavacamten became hot research topics.The United States was the country with the largest number of publications and the highest citation frequency in this field.Chinese scholars produced the second largest number of publications,which,however,included few high-quality research results.Conclusions Risk stratification and prevention of sudden death is still an important and hot research content in the field of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.Chinese scholars should carry out multi-center cooperation in the future to improve the research results.

Ojbective: To investigate the predictive value of the qualitative assessment of general movements (GMs) for adverse outcomes at 24 months of age in full-term infants with asphyxia., Methods: A total of 114 full-term asphyxiated infants, who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit between 2009 and 2012 and took part in follow-ups after discharge were included in the study. All of them received the qualitative assessment of GMs within 3 months after birth. The development quotient was determined with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 24 months of age., Results: The results of the qualitative assessment of GMs within 3 months after birth showed that among 114 infants, 20 (17.5%) had poor repertoire movements and 7 (6.1%) had cramped-synchronized movements during the writhing movements period; 8 infants (7.0%) had the absence of fidgety movements during the fidgety movements period. The results of development quotient at 24 months of age showed that 7 infants (6.1%) had adverse developmental outcomes: 6 cases of cerebral palsy and mental retardation and 1 case of mental retardation. There was a poor consistency between poor repertoire movements during the writhing movements period and the developmental outcomes at 24 months of age (Kappa=-0.019; P>0.05). There was a high consistency between cramped-synchronized movements during the writhing movements period and the developmental outcomes at 24 months of age (Kappa=0.848; P<0.05), and the results of predictive values of cramped-synchronized movements were shown as follows: predictive validity 98.2%, sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 99.1%, positive predictive value 85.7%, and negative predictive value 99.1%. There was a high consistency between the absence of fidgety movements during the fidgety movements period and the developmental outcomes at 24 months of age (Kappa=0.786; P<0.05), and its predictive values were expressed as follows: predictive validity 97.4%, sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 98.1%, positive predictive value 75.0%, and negative predictive value 99.1%., Conclusions: Cramped-synchronized movements and absence of fidgety movements can predict adverse developmental outcomes at 24 months of age in full-term infants with asphyxia.

To analyze the characteristic of marine emission in Shenzhen City, activity-based and fuel-based approaches were utilized to develop the marine emission inventory for the year of 2010, using the vessel files from the Lloyd's register of shipping (LR) and vessel track data from the automatic identification system (AIS). The marine emission inventory was temporally (resolution: 1 hour) and spatially (resolution: 1 km x 1 km) allocated based on the vessel track data. Results showed that total emissions of SO2, NO(x), CO, PM10, PM2.5 and VOCs from marine vessels in Shenzhen City were about 13.6 x 10(3), 23.3 x 10(3), 2.2 x 10(3), 1.9 x 10(3), 1.7 x 10(3) and 1. x 10(3) t, respectively. Among various types of marine vessels, emission from container vessels was the highest; for different driving modes, hotelling mode was found with the largest mission. Marine emissions were generally higher in the daytime, with vessel-specific peaks. For spatial distributions, in general, marine emissions were zonally distributed with hot spots in the western port group, Dapeng Bay and the key waterway.

The present manuscript researches the near infrared quantum cutting luminescence phenomena of Yb3+ ion in YVO4 crystal matrix The luminescence spectra, excitation spectra and fluorescence lifetimes were measured. It was found that the excitation of YVO4 crystal matrix energy band by 322.0 nm light can result in the effective secondary cooperative energy transfer of Yba+ ion from the YVO4 crystal matrix It results in the intense 985.5 nm 2F(5/2)-->2F(7/2) near infrared quantum cutting luminescence of Yb3+ ion. Meanwhile, the 430.O nm luminescence intensity of YVO4 crystal matrix decreases greatly. From the experimental measurements, it was found that the lifetime of 430.0 nm fluorescence of (A) Yb(1.5) : YVO4 crystal is tauA = 3.785 s and that of (B) YVO4 crystal is tauB=22.72 s. It was found also that the theoretical efficiency up limit of quantum cutting of (A) Yb(1.5) : YVO4 crystal is about eta1.5%=183-3%.

Objective: To observe the anti-renal fibrosis effect of Paidu Baoshen Pill (PBP) on 5/6 nephrectomized rats and to explore its mechanism., Methods: Totally 50 SD male healthy rats were randomly divided into the normal control group (n = 10), the sham-operation group (n = 10), and the nephrectomy model group (n = 30) according to the proportion of 1:1:3. Rats in the sham-operation group had their renal capsule isolated without nephrectomy. Rats in the nephrectomy model group had their kidneys 5/6 nephrectomized. Then 24 h urine was collected and 24 h urinary protein (24 h UP) detected. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatitine (SCr) were also tested. According to the SCr level 30 rats of the model group were further randomly divided into the model group, the PBP group, and the Niaoduqing Granule (NG) group, 10 in each group. Rats in the PBP group and the NG group were respectively administered with PBP (at the daily dose of 1.0 g/kg) and NG (at the daily dose of 3.33 g/kg) by gastrogavage (they were dissolved in distilled water). At the same time, 2 mL distilled water was administered by gastrogavage to rats in the normal control group, the sham-operation group, and the nephrectomy model group, once daily for 4 successive weeks. Mental conditions, activities, hair color, shape of stool, and the body weight were observed during administration. After 4 weeks, urine was collected to detect 24 h UP. Blood was sampled to detect SCr, BUN, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), type III procollagen (PC III), collagen type IV (Col IV), laminin (LN), and fibronectin (FN). After rats were killed, their left remnant renal tissues were collected for pathological examinations. The protein expression quantity of TGF-β1 and FN was detected by immunohistochemical method. mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1 and FN were detected using real time fluorescent quantitative PCR., Results: There was no statistical difference in the above indices between the normal control group and the sham-operation group (P > 0.05). Compared with the sham-operation group, rats' general condition was poorer in the model group, their body weight grew slower, and 24 h UP increased; serum levels of BUN, SCr, TGF-β1, PC III, Col IV, LN, and FN increased; the residual renal pathological lesion was serious; expression levels of TGF-β1, TGF-β1, mRNA, FN, and FN mRNA increased in the renal tissue (all P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, rats' general condition was better, their body weight grew faster, 24 h UP reduced (P < 0.05), blood levels of BUN and SCr decreased significantly (P < 0.01), serum levels of TGF-β1, PC III, CoL IV, LN, and FN decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); the residual renal pathological lesion was attenuated in the PBP group and the NG group; expression levels of TGF-β1, TGF-β1, mRNA, FN, and FN mRNA decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with the NG group, blood levels of SCr and FN, and expression levels of FN and FN mRNA decreased more in the PBP group (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: PBP had the effect of anti-renal fibro- sis in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Down-regulating expression levels of TGF-β1, and FN from gene transcription and protein translation levels might be one of its mechanisms.

Objective: To explore the impact of microwave radiation on GC-2spd cells., Methods: We exposed cultured GC-2spd cells to microwave radiation at the average power densities of 0, 10 and 30 mW/cm2 for 15 minutes and, from I to 24 hours after the exposure, we observed the changes in cell proliferation, histology and ultrastructure, cell apoptosis, and cAMP content by MTIT, light microscopy, electron microscopy, flow cytometry and ELISA., Results: Compared with the control group, the GC-2spd cells showed a significant decrease in proliferation ability at 1 -24 hours after 10 and 30 mW/cm2 microwave radiation, except at 12 hours after 30 mW/cm2 radiation (P <0.05 or P <0.01), with reduced length and number of cell enation and increased intra cytoplasm vacuoles. The rate of cell apoptosis (%) was significantly increased in the 10 and 30 mW/cm2 groups at 6 hours (4.56 +/- 2.09 vs 14.59 +/- 1.09 and 8.48 +/- 1.73, P <0.05 or P <0.01) , with agglutination and margin translocation of chromatins and obvious dilation of endo cytoplasmic reticula. The cAMP content (nmol/g) in the GC-2spd cells was remarkably reduced in the 10 and 30 mW/cm2 groups at 6 and 24 hours (2.77 +/-0.24 vs 1.65+/- 0. 17 and 1.96+/-0.10, 3.02 +/-0.47 vs 2.13 +/-0.33 and 1.69 +/-0.27, P <0.05 or P <0.01)., Conclusion: Microwave radiation at 10 and 30 mW/cm2 may cause injury to GC-2spd cells, which is manifested by decreased content of intracellular cAMP, reduced activity of cell proliferation, and increased rate of cell apoptosis.

Objective: To analyze the clinical features, precaution and management of complete heart block (CHB) after transaortic extended septal myectomy operation (extended Morrow procedure) in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)., Methods: From October 1996 to December 2011, 10[6 men; mean age (45.4 ± 15.8) years, range 13-60 years] out of 160 consecutive HOCM patients underwent extended Morrow procedure developed CHB postoperatively. Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Baseline transthoracic echocardiography showed that the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradients was from 68 to 149 (105.1 ± 25.9) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa), ECG showed right bundle branch block in 5 patients and atrial fibrillation, atrial premature beats or ST-T segment changes in other 5 patients. Besides extended Morrow procedure, concomitant surgical procedures included mitral valve replacement (MVR) in 2 (2/10) and MVR plus coronary artery bypass grafting in another 2 (2/10) patients. Follow-up data were obtained by subsequent clinic visits in outpatient department and telephone interviews., Results: The in-hospital mortality was 20% (these two patients died of low cardiac output syndrome and multiple organs failure). Four patients underwent MVR simultaneously survived the operation. Postoperative echocardiography demonstrated a reduced LVOT gradient[(13.6 ± 9.7) mm Hg, P < 0.001]. Permanent pacemakers were implanted in all 8 survived patients at 6 days to 7 months after operation. No other severe complications were observed. During follow-up [from 4 to 72 (19.4 ± 22.1) months], there was no death, 1 patient readmitted to our center at 71 months post operation to change the pacemaker because of low voltage of previously implanted pacemaker. Physical capacity and quality of life improved significantly post operation in these 8 patients. The NYHA functional class remained at I-II post operation and during follow up., Conclusions: CHB is a severe complication after extended Morrow procedure for patients with HOCM and timely permanent pacemaker implantation is mandatory for patients with post procedure CHB.

In the present paper, the absorption spectra of Ho3+ (0.5 mol%)-doped oxyfluoride glass (FOG) sample and Ho3+ (0.5 mol%)-doped oxyfluoride vitroceramics (FOV) sample were measured through experiment. The authors calculated the intensity parameters omega 2, 4, 6 of the two materials according to J-O theory, and analyzed the possible reason for the difference between the two materials on the intensity parameters. After that the authors calculated oscillator strength, spontaneous radiative transition rate, branching ratio and integrated emission cross section and some other spectroscopic parameters of several excited states and then made a comparative analysis of the two materials based on these spectroscopic parameters. The authors found that the oscillator strength of trivalent holmium iron in FOV is about the same with the oscillator strength in YAlO3 and is similar to oscillator strength in FOG, while slightly larger than in that LBTAF and much larger than that in LaF3 and ZBLAN. By analyzing the calculated spectroscopic parameters, it can be found that some transitions, especially 5I7 --> 5I8, 5F5 --> 5I8 etc., have a relatively large oscillator strengths(larger than 10(-6)) and large integrated emission cross sections(larger than 10(-18) cm). These transitions have the conditions to form laser passages, so they are worth a lot of attention. At last, application prospects of several strong luminescence transitions were concluded.

In this study, 23 groups of suited typical soil-wheat grain samples were collected from different locations of Beijing city (central city, suburban plain and exurban plain), the accumulation, chemical forms and bioavailability of heavy metals in arable soils under different human activity intensity were analyzed, and their source identifications and health risk were discussed. The results showed that (1) Urban soils exhibited Pb contamination with an average concentration (35.59 mg x kg(-1)) above the WHO limit, probably due to the emission of traffic activities and industrial processes. In addition, long-term sewage irrigation and other agricultural activities led to local metal contamination in the suburban agricultural soils. (2) Cu, Zn and Pb were predominantly associated with the residual (35%-75%) and organic (23%-53%) fractions, followed by Fe/Mn oxide (1%-19%), and very small proportion of carbonate (n. d.-5%) and exchangeable (n. d.-2%) fraction. Furthermore, compared with the suburban agricultural soils, Pb, Zn and Cu in the urban agricultural soils showed higher mobility, whereas the exurban agricultural soils presented the lowest mobility. For Cd, the order was contrary. Besides, Cd showed the highest bioavailability among the four metals in suburban and exurban arable soils due to its considerable proportion of exchangeable (13% -31%) and carbonate fractions (11%-27%). (3) Cd and Zn contents in wheat grains were largely dependent on the Fe/Mn ox. fractions in the studied soils (P < 0.05, r were 0.43-0.7). (4) Pb and Zn concentrations in wheat grains in some of the urban and suburban agricultural soils were above the standard limit, which might bring potential risk for the health of the local residents.

Objective: To assess the clinical outcomes of transaortic extended septal myectomy on early and midterm survival of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)., Methods: From October 2009 to April 2012, 118 consecutive patients underwent extended Morrow's procedure for HOCM. There were 69 males and 49 females with an average age of (46 ± 13) years. Their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. Preoperative transthoracic, intraoperative transoesophageal and postoperative transthoracic echocardiography was performed to assess septal thickness, left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient, mitral valve function and systolic anterior motion (SAM) of anterior mitral valve leaflet, etc. Concomitant surgical procedures were performed if other cardiac diseases required surgical interventions. Follow-up study was carried out during subsequent clinic visits at outpatient department and through telephone interviews with patients and their relatives., Results: The septal thickness was (25 ± 7) mm. SAM was detected in all. The in-hospital mortality was 0.8% (1/118) since one patient died of multiple organs failure one week later. Postoperative echocardiography demonstrated marked reduction in LVOT gradient (92 ± 22 vs 13 ± 10 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa), P = 0.000), New York Heart Association (NYHA) class (2.9 ± 0.6 vs 1.2 ± 0.4, P = 0.000) and significant improvement in mitral regurgitation. Concomitant surgical procedures were performed in 45 cases (38.1%, all for preexisting conditions). Complications included complete atrioventricular block (n = 3), first degree atrioventricular block (n = 6), complete left bundle branch block (n = 51), intraventricular conduction delay or left anterior division block (n = 26), transient renal dysfunction (n = 2) and intra-aortic-balloon-pumping (n = 2). No other severe complication was observed. During a follow-up period of 1 - 27 (7 ± 6) months, there was no readmission or death. All patients reported significant increase in physical ability and obvious decrease in limiting symptoms. At the latest follow-up, the NYHA functional class maintained grade I-II in all. And mitral regurgitation remained absent or mild., Conclusion: Surgical procedure for HOCM patients is both safe and efficacious. It provides an excellent relief of LVOT obstruction.

In order to establish a rapid and accurate method for the detection of Ebola virus (EBOV), the primers used in SYBR Green I real-time RT-PCR were designed based on the EBOV NP gene sequences published in GenBank. The SYBR Green I real-time RT-PCR was established and optimized for the detection of EBOV. The EBOV RNA that was transcribed in vitro was used as a template. The sensitivity of this method was found to reach 1.0 x 10(2) copies/microL and the detection range was 10(2) - 10(10). No cross reaction with RNA samples from Marburg virus, Dengue virus, Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Influenza virus (H1N1 and H3N2) and Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus E genomic RNA was found. The method would be useful for the detection and monitoring of EBOV in China.

More and more evidence from over 50 years of researches on the effects of electromagnetic radiation on male reproduction show that a certain dose of electromagnetic radiation obviously damages male reproduction, particularly the structure and function of spermatogenic cells. The mechanisms of the injury may be associated with energy dysmetabolism, lipid peroxidation, abnormal expressions of apoptosis-related genes and proteins, and DNA damage.

The present article reports the infrared quantum cutting study of the nanophase oxyfluoride vitroceramics Tb(0.7)Yb (5.0) : FOV. The visible to infrared fluorescence emission spectra, excitation spectra and fluorescence lifetime were measured carefully. The infrared quantum cutting phenomenon {1([5 D4 --> 7 F6](Tb3+), 2([2 F7/2 --> 2 F5/2](Yb3+)} was analyzed based on the above experiments. It was found that the theoretical quantum cutting efficiency is about 121.35% when 5D4 level is excited by 487.0nm light, and about 136.27% when (5D3, 5G6) levels are excited by 378.0 nm light respectively. Meanwhile, it is first time for the present paper to find a cooperative downconversion phenomenon {2([(5D3, 5G6) --> 5D4] (Tb3+), 1([2 F7/2 --> 2 F5/2] (Yb3+)}. That is, the authors found for the first time that the donor Tb3+ ion releases two pieces of energy [(5D3, 5G6) --> 5D4] of small energy photon to produce a middle energy photon [2 F5/2 --> 2 F7/2] of acceptor Yb3+ ion.

Objective: To study the inhibitory effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on cancer cells line HCT-8 and HT29 and its influence on the expression of HES1 and JAG1., Methods: Colorectal cancer cells line HCT-8 and HT29 were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of EGCG(10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 35 mg/L). The inhibition of proliferation was tested by MTT analysis. Influence of EGCG on the cell apoptosis and cell cycle of HCT-8 and HT29 were detected with flow cytometry, and gene expression of HCT-8 and HT29 after EGCG treatment with real-time polymerase chain reaction., Results: EGCG affected the proliferation and apoptosis of HCT-8 and HT29. The inhibition rates of the three different concentrations of EGCG were(28.894±5.076)%, (34.903±1.794)%, and (39.028±0.105)% on HCT-8, and (14.682±4.244)%, (22.429±3.847)%, and (29.840±5.076)% on HT29. EGCG caused G(2)/M phase arrest and M phase transition in HCT-8 cell line, and S phase arrest and G2 phase transition in HT29 cell line. EGCG down-regulated HES1 gene expression in both cell lines, however, the differences were not statistically significant(both P>0.05). EGCG upregulated JAG1 gene expression in both cell lines, however only the difference in HCT-8 was statistically significant(0.201±0.018 vs. 0.440±0.077, P=0.029)., Conclusions: EGCG can significantly inhibit the proliferation of HT29 cells and HCT-8 cells by changing cell cycle and inducing cell apoptosis. The mechanism may be related to the upregulation of JAG1 gene expression.

Objective: To study the protective effects of AduoLa Fuzhenglin(ADL) on the heart injury induced by microwave exposure in rats., Methods: One hundred forty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into 5 groups: control, microwave radiation, 0.75 g x kg(-1) d(-1) ADL, 1.50 g x kg(-1) d(-1) ADL and 3.00 g x kg(-1) d(-1) ADL pretreatment groups. Rats in three ADL pretreatment groups were administrated by ADL per day for 2w then exposed to 30 mW/cm2 microwaves for 15 min. The left ventricle blood of rats was obtained at 7 d and 14 d after exposure to microwaves, and the blood Ca2+, AST and CK were detected with Coulter automatic biochemical analyzer, then the histological changes and ultrastructure of heart were observed under light and electron microscopes., Results: At 7 d and 14 d after exposure to microwaves, the blood Ca2+, AST and CK concentrations significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01) as compared with controls; Heart muscle fibers showed wavilness, endotheliocyte karyopyknosis, anachromasis; The mitochondria swelling and cavitation, intercalary dies blurred in radiation groups. The changes in 0.75 g x kg(-1) d(-1) ADL pretreatment group were similar to the radiation group, but in 1.50 g x kg(-1)d(-1) and 3.00 g x kg(-1) d(-1) ADL pretreatment groups, above indexes of rats significantly reduced as compared with microwaves group (P<0.05); also the blood Ca2+, AST, CK contents were significantly lower than those in microwave group (P<0.05); The heart showed a tendency to improve., Conclusion: Microwave radiation (30 mW/cm2) can cause the blood Ca2+, AST and CK turbulence, and heart injury in the histology and ultrastructure; ADL at the dosages of 1.50 g x kg(-1) d(-1) and 3.00 g x kg(-1) d(-1) has a protective effects on the heart injury induced by microwave in rats.

Aim: To construct the eukaryotic expression vectors of RKIP plasmid and detect its expression in PC12 cells., Methods: The coding sequence of RKIP was generated by nested-PCR using total RNA extracted from the root ganglion neurons of rats. RKIP gene was cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.0. After restriction enzyme analysis and sequence identification, the recombinant plasmid was transfected into PC12 cells with non-liposome mediated method by Vigofect. The expression of RKIP was detected by Western blot., Results: The results of enzyme analysis and sequencing both identified DNA sequence of recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.0-RKIP correctly. The expression of RKIP increased obviously after transfection into PC12 cells., Conclusion: The eukaryotic expression plasmid of pcDNA3.0-RKIP was constructed successfully and it can be sustainly expressed in PC12 cells. This provides experimental basis for further study on the neurological function of RKIP.

Objective: To investigate the effect of long-term microwave radiation on male reproduction in rats., Methods: A total of 100 male Wistar rats were exposed to microwave radiation with average power density of 0, 2.5, 5 and 10 mW/cm2 for 4 weeks, 5 times a week and 6 minutes per time. Changes in serum testosterone, testicular index, histology and ultrastructure, and the percentage of teratospermia in the epididymis were observed dynamically at 6 h, 7 d, 14 d, 28 d and 60 d after the exposure., Results: There was a significant decrease in serum testosterone concentration at 28 d after microwave radiation at 2.5, 5 and 10 mW/cm2 ([10.20 +/- 4.31] ng/ml, [5.56 +/- 3.47] ng/ml and [7.53 +/- 4.54] ng/ml) and at 60 d at 10 mW/cm2 ( [15.95 +/- 9.54] ng/ml), as compared with the control group ([23.35 +/- 8.06] ng/ml and [31.40 +/- 9.56] ng/ml) (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). No significant changes were found in the testis index at 6 h -60 d after microwave radiation at the three doses, but different degrees of degeneration, necrosis and shedding of spermatogenic cells, thinning of spermatogenic epithelia, and decrease or deletion of spermatozoa were observed, and more obvious at 28 d and 60 d. Swelling and cavitation of mitochondria in all spermatogenic cells, agglutination and margin translocation of nuclear chromatin in the spermatogonial and Leydig cells were seen at 7 d and 60 d after 5 mW/cm2 microwave radiation. The rate of teratospermia of the epididymis was increased, more obviously at 7 d after 2.5, 5 mW/cm2, 60 d after 5 mW/cm2, and 7 d, 28 d and 60 d after 10 mW/cm2 microwave radiation (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Long-term microwave radiation may cause injury to male reproduction, which is positively correlated with the radiation dose, and has an obvious late effect.

The dynamics of all levels were calculated numerically in the present article for Er(0.5)Yb(3):FOV oxyfluoride nanophase vitroceramics. The population dynamical processes were analyzed carefully. It was found for the first time that traditional phonon-assisted energy transfer theory of rare earth ion energy transfer can not well explain the observed experimental calibrated results, as it does not take into account the difference between Stokes and anti-Stokes process. A coefficient, the improved factor of the intensity ratio of Stokes to anti-Stokes process in quantum Raman theory compared to classical Raman theory, was introduced for the first time to successfully describe the anti-Stokes energy transfer. The theoretical improvement results are coincident with experiments very well. This improvement is very significant and indispensable when the photonics of nanomaterials is probed.

Objective: To investigate the natural history of HIV infection caused by contaminated plasma donation among former commercial plasma donors in China., Methods: Ambispective cohort study among HIV/AIDS cases and suspected AIDS deaths was conducted from January 1, 1995 to March 31, 2008 in 7 administrative villages in Shangcai county of Henan province. Information regarding diagnostic criteria, deaths and anti-retrovirus treatment was collected. Incubation and survival time were calculated using Kaplan-Meier and life-tables method. Sensitive analysis on the time of outcome was conducted., Results: A total number of 2569 cases of HIV infection including 483 suspected AIDS deaths were involved in a cohort. 200 patients with rapid progress (7.8%) and 337 long-term but non-progressive patients (13.1%) were identified. Results from the sensitive analysis showed that the median incubation period from HIV infection to AIDS was between 8.5 and 8.9 years, with incidence as 11.7 - 12.0 cases/100 person-years and the median survival time for HIV progression to death was from 8.8 to 10.7 years, with the death rate as 6.9 - 8.3 cases/100 person-years. The median survival time for AIDS patient was from 1.2 to 2.0 years, with death rate as 34.9 - 51.5 cases/100 person-years., Conclusion: According to sensitive analysis, the incubation period for HIV progression to AIDS, the median survival time for HIV progression to death and the median survival time for AIDS patient to death were 8.8 years, 1.2 years and 9.8 years, respectively.

Objective: To explore the changes in the expressions of the tight junction related protein occludin and junctional adhesion molecule-1 (JAM-1) of the blood-testis barrier and their significance in rats after microwave radiation., Methods: Eighty male Wistar rats were exposed to microwave radiation with average power density of 0, 10, 30 and 100 mW/cm2 for five minutes, and dynamic changes in the expressions of testicular occludin and JAM-1 were observed by Western blot and image analysis at 6 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d and 14 d after the radiation., Results: There was a significant down-regulation in the expression of the occludin protein at 3 - 7 d, 6 h - 7 d and 6 h - 14 d (P < 0. 05), as well as in that of JAM-1 at 3 - 7 d, 1 - 7 d and 1-14 d (P < 0.05) after exposure to 10, 30 and 100 mW/cm2 microwave radiation., Conclusion: The decreased protein expressions of occludin and JAM-1 may play an important role in the microwave radiation induced-damage to the blood-testis barrier.

Objective: To evaluate the surgical outcome of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)., Methods: From October 1996 to December 2007, 54 HOCM patients underwent surgical treatment. There were 37 males and 17 females ranging from 6 to 68 years old (36 +/- 16) with body weight 27-83 (60 +/- 14) kg. Operation was performed under general anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with the moderate systemic temperature and low volume blood flow. The concomitant operations included coronary artery bypass grafting in 5 cases, mitral valve plasty in 5 cases, mitral valve replacement in 9 cases, tricuspid valve plasty in 2 cases, aortic valve replacement in 4 cases and closure of patent ductus arteriosus in 2 cases. Preoperative and postoperative left ventricular (LV), left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), left atrium (LA), mitral valve function and value of LVEF were evaluated by transesophageal echocardiograph examination., Results: The time of CPB and aortic occlusion were 40 to 290 minutes (107 +/- 52) and 27 to 195 min (70 +/- 36 min) respectively. The endotracheal intubation durations were 5 to 21 hours (14 +/- 15) and ICU duration 11 to 183 hours (45 +/- 34). Comparing with the pre-operative echocardiographic parameters, the size of left atrium (42 +/- 8 vs 35 +/- 7), pressure gradients through LVOT (106 +/- 44 mm Hg vs 24 +/- 19 mm Hg), the thickness of septum (27 +/- 6 mm vs 19 +/- 5 mm) and the value of EF (70 +/- 10 vs 61 +/- 9) obviously decreased postoperatively (P < 0.05). The surviving patients had either no mitral valve regurgitation or only mild mitral valve regurgitation. Four (7.4%) patients died during the perioperative period. The cause of death included severe low cardiac output, heart failure, severe ventricular arrhythmias and severe acute renal failure. There were 4 patients with a complete AV block postoperatively and 3 were implanted permanent pacemakers. The left bundle branch block or left anterior hemiblock were found in 26 cases, intraventricular conduction defect in 6 cases and type I AV block in 4 cases. All surviving patients were in NYHA functional class I/II during the follow-up of 1 month to 10 years., Conclusion: Surgical outcome for HOCM patients is satisfactory. Most HOCM patients achieve such a satisfactory relief of LV outflow tract obstruction as to lead a better life.

Objective: To investigate the expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) after microwave exposure and the correlation with the brain injury by radiation., Methods: 70 male rats were exposed to microwave whose average power density was 0, 10, 30 and 100 mW/cm(2) respectively. Rats were sacrificed at 6 h, 1 d, 3 d and 7 d after exposure. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression of AQP4 in protein level in rat hippocampus, and the expression of AQP4 in gene level was measured by in situ hybridization and RT-PCR., Results: The expression of AQP4 in rat hippocampus was abnormal after 10, 30, 100 mW/cm(2) microwave exposure. The protein level showed increased at first and then recovered at 10 and 30 mW/cm(2) groups, while increased progressively in 100 mW/cm(2) group within 14 d (P < 0.01). The gene expression of AQP4 was increased (0.51 +/- 0.02) at the beginning (6 h) and then regained after 10 mW/cm(2) microwave exposure, while in 30 and 100 mW/cm(2) groups, it rose to the peak at 7 d (0.46 +/- 0.02 and 0.43 +/- 0.08) and didn't get back (P = 0.004; P = 0.012)., Conclusion: Microwave radiation can increase the expression of AQP4 in rat hippocampus. The change might participate in the process of increasing permeability of blood-brain barrier and lead to the brain edema after microwave radiation.

Objective: To study the effects of kneepad on expression of Bcl-2 and p53 mRNA of chondrocyte in white rabbits with knee osteoarthritis, so as to explore and treatment mechanism of OA kneepad on apoptosis of chondrocytes of rabbits with knee osteoarthritis in molecular degree., Methods: Forty-four Japanese healthy 6-month-old rabbits (equal male and female,the weight ranging from 2 to 2.2 kg) were used to establish knee osteoarthritis models by modified Hulth method. The rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal group, model group, control group (microwave), experimental group 1 (electricity), experimental group 2 (thermal), experimental group 3 (kneepad). Ten rabbits in the normal group were breed with conventional method; 9 rabbits in the model group were breed with conventional method after model made; 9 rabbits in the control group were treated with microwave for 30 minutes, one time daily; 9 rabbits in the experimental group 1 were treated with electricity (density wave) for 30 minutes,one time daily;8 rabbits in the experimental group 2 were treated with hot (hot soft membrane) for 30 minutes, one time daily; 9 rabbits in the experiment group 3 were treated with electrothermal (OA knee pad) for 30 minutes, one time daily. All the rabbits were treated for 16 weeks and then sacrificed. The expressions of Bcl-2 and p53 mRNA of chondrocytes in knee joint were detected by using fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR method., Results: At the 16 hthek,th e OD260/OD280 value range of total RNA extracted from rabbit articular cartilage tissue in each group were all at 1.80 to 2.00,wh ich indicates high RNA purity. The p53 relative mRNA in articular cartilage cells of model group,th e control group,th e experimental group 1 ,r oup 2,gr oup 3 were overexpressed,an d Belc2 mRNA expression levels of articular cartilage cells were low expression,an d compared with the normal group there were significant differences (P < 0.01). Belc2, p53 mRNA expression in articular cartilage cells,th ere were significant differences (P < 0.01) between the control group, experimental group 1, group 2, group 3 and model group. The results between the control group, experimental group 1 ,group 2 and group 3 had significant differences (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: OA-kneepad can up-regulate the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 as well as down-regulate the mRNA expression of p53, thereby to inhibit the apoptosis of cartilage cells and delay the degeneration of articular cartilage changes.

Objective: To explore whether microwave radiation may cause injury of primary cultured Sertoli cells., Methods: The model of primary cultured Sertoli cells in vitro was established, which was radiated by microwave with average power density 0, 30 and 100 mW/cm(2) for five minutes. The changes of cell cycle, apoptosis and death, and intracellular Ca2+ concentration in the Sertoli cells were measured at sixth hours through Annexin V-PI double labeling and Fluo-3-AM labeling, flow cytometry combined with laser scanning confocal microscopy after microwave exposure., Results: The numbers of Sertoli cells were obviously reduced in G0-G1 and G2-M phase (62.57% +/- 3.22% and 8.25% +/- 1.75%) and increased in S phase (29.17% +/- 4.87%) compared with the control groups (79.18% +/- 0.24%, 11.17% +/- 0.50% and 9.64% +/- 0.62%) (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), but the changes of rate of apoptosis and death and intracellular Ca2+ concentration showed no difference at 6 h after exposure to 30 mW/cm(2) microwave. There was a significant increase in the Sertoli cell counts of G0-G1 phase (87.69% +/- 1.32%), and decrease in the Sertoli cell counts of G2-M and S phase (7.41% +/- 0.60% and 4.87% +/- 0.91%) (P < 0.01). There was also a significant increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and rate of apoptosis and death (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) at 6 h after exposure to 100 mW/cm(2) microwave., Conclusion: 100 mW/cm(2) microwave radiation may cause growth inhibition and increase of apoptosis and death in the primary cultured Sertoli cells. The increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration is one of the injury mechanisms.

Under anaerobic conditions, the characteristics of sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) were applied to reduce U(VI) under different temperature, pH values, U(VI) concentrations and coexisting ions. The results showed that the optimum reduction condition was the temperature 35 degrees C, pH 7.0 and U(VI) concentration 25 mg x L(-1). The maximum reduction capacity of SRB was 179.1 mg x g(-1). Mo(VI) or Ca2+ did not affect SRB on the reduction process of U(VI) under the concentration less than 5 g x L(-1), but they strongly inhibited the process under the concentration more than 20 g x L(-1). The main inhibition of Mo (VI) was physiological inhibition and the inhibition of Ca2+ was competitive inhibition through the stable complex formation, Ca-UO2-CO3. The results also showed that lag phase did not appear on the concentration of Ca2+ less than 5 g x L(-1), but the lag phase of 24 hours appeared on the concentration of Ca2+ more than 20 g x L(-1).

Aim: To study the development of changes for signaling molecules related to Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in hippocampus of rats after electromagnetic radiation, and investigate the mechanisms of radiation injury., Methods: Rats were exposed to X-HPM, S-HPM and EMP radiation source respectively, and animal model of electromagnetic radiation was established. Western blot was used to detect the expression of Raf-1, phosphorylated Raf-1 and phospholylated ERK., Results: The expression of Raf-1 down-regulated during 6 h-14 d after radiation, most significantly at 7 d, and recovered at 28 d. There was no significant difference between the radiation groups. The expression of phosphorylated Raf-1 and phosphorylated ERK both up-regulated at 6 h and 7 d after radiation, more significantly at 6 h, and the two microwave groups were more serious for phosphorylated ERK. During 6 h-14 d after S-HPM radiation, the expression of phosphorylated Raf-1 increased continuously, but phosphorylated ERK changed wavily, 6 h and 7 d were expression peak., Conclusion: Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway participates in the hippocampus injury induced by electromagnetic radiation. The excessive activation of ERK pathway may result in the apoptosis and death of neurons, which is the important mechanism of recognition disfunction caused by electromagnetic radiation.

Objective: To study the development of changes for Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) and its mRNA in rats hippocampus after electromagnetic radiation., Methods: Rats were exposed to X-band high power microwave (X-HPM), S-band high power microwave (S-HPM) and electromagnetic pulse (EMP) radiation source respectively. The animal model of electromagnetic radiation was established. Western blot was used to detect the expression of RKIP, and RT-PCR was applied to detect the expression of RKIP mRNA. The interaction of RKIP and Raf-1 was measured with co-immunoprecipitation method, and the expression of cerebral choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) was measured by immunohistochemistry., Results: The expression of RKIP significantly down-regulated at 6 h after radiation, and recovered at 1 d in group EMP, but the down-regulation continued during 1 approximately 7 d after radiation in the two microwave groups. The expression of RKIP mRNA changed wavily during 6 h approximately 7 d after radiation, which showed down-regulation at 6 h, and up-regulation at 3 d. The interaction of RKIP and Raf-1 decreased during 6 h approximately 7 d after radiation, most significantly at 7 d, and the two microwave groups were more significant. The expression of CHAT decreased continuously during 6 h approximately 7 d after radiation, and generally recovered on 14 d., Conclusion: The down-regulation of RKIP and its related proteins of hippocampus is induced by electromagnetic radiation.

Objective: To assess the impact of Paidu Baoshen Pill (PBP, modified Dahuang Zhechong Pill), in retarding the procession of chronic renal failure (CRF) of stage II-III., Methods: The 283 patients of CRF stage II-III were randomly assigned to two groups, 151 patients in the treatment group treated with oral administration of PBP 3 g twice a day, and 132 patients in the control group with oxidative amylase aldehyde enveloped capsule 5-10 capsules thrice a day after meal. The course for both groups was 2 months, and the changes after 1 or 2 courses treatment in scoring of quality of life (QOL) and clinical symptoms, also in laboratory indexes including serum levels of creatinine (Cr), urea nitrogen (UN), and intrinsic creatinine clearance rate were observed., Results: The total effective rate was 70. 86% (107/151 cases) in the treatment group and 44.70% (59/132 cases) in the control group, showing significant difference between them (X2 = 18.69, P < 0.01). Significant differences between groups were also shown in comparisons of scores of QOL and clinical symptoms after treatment. Inter-group comparison showed no difference in all the three indexes detected before treatment, but they did show statistical significance respectively after 1 and 2 courses of treatment (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01)., Conclusion: PBP could effectively retard the progression of chronic renal failure and significantly improve the QOL of patients.

Aim: To study the effects of electromagnetic radiation on RKIP and phosphorylated ERK in primary cultured hippocampus neurons. The inhibitor of MEK U0126 was applied to investigate the role of RKIP mediated ERK pathway in radiation injury., Methods: Primary hippocampus neurons were cultured in vitro. X-HPM, S-HPM and EMP were taken as radiation source respectively to establish three cell models exposed to electromagnetic radiation. RKIP and phosphorylated ERK were measured by immunofluorescent labelling and laser scanning confocal microscope. Apoptosis and death fraction of the cells were detected by Annexin V-PI double labelling and flow cytometry., Results: After three kinds of electromagnetic radiation, the expression of RKIP in hippocampus neurons decreased but the expression of phosphorylated ERK increased, and its nuclear translocation occurred. No significant differences were seen between radiation groups. Apoptosis and death fraction of the neurons in U0126 pretreatment groups was significantly lower than that in radiation groups but they were still higher than those in sham-radiation group., Conclusion: The excessive activation of RKIP mediated ERK pathway is one of the important mechanisms for the apoptosis and death of hippocampus neurons induced by electromagnetic radiation. U0126 have some protective effects on radiation injury.

Objective: To determine the effect of high power microwave (HPM) radiation on the structure and function of blood-testis barrier (BTB) in rats., Methods: One hundred and sixty-six male Wistar rats were treated by heart perfusion of lanthanum-glutaraldehyde solution and tail vein injection of evans blue (EB) at 6 h, 1, 3, 7 and 14 d after exposed to 0, 10, 30 and 100 mW/cm2 HPM radiation for 5 minutes, the structural change of BTB and distribution of lanthanum or EB observed through the light microscope, electron microscope and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM)., Results: Testicular interstitial edema, vascular congestion or hyperemia with accumulation of plasma proteins and red blood cells in the inner compartment of seminiferous tubules were observed after exposure to HPM. The above-mentioned pathological changes were aggravated at 1-7 d and relieved at 14 d after radiation, obviously more severe in the 30 and 100 mW/cm2 exposure groups than in the 10 mW/cm2. Both lanthanum precipitation and EB were deposited in the inner compartment., Conclusion: HPM radiation may damage the structure and increase the permeability of BTB.

Aim: To investigate the effect of microwave radiation on expression and phosphorylation of synapsin I and to discover the mechanism by research on the change of expression of BDNF and its receptor, TrkB., Methods: PC12 cells were exposed to microwave with average power density being 30 mW/cm(2). HPLC was used to detect the release of amino acids; RT-PCR, Western blot and immunocytochemistry were used to detect the expressions of synapsin I, BDNF and TrkB; immune co-precipitation was used to study the interaction of BDNF and TrkB., Results: It resulted in the decrease of the release of Asp, Glu, GABA and Gly at 1 h (P<0.01) after radiation. Protein of synapsin I was decreased in 9 h-2 d (P<0.01 or P<0.05); its mRNA was decreased in 3-9 h and increased at 1 d (P<0.01 or P<0.05); its phosphorylation was decreased at 3 h, increased at 1 d, and decreased at 2 d again (P<0.01 or P<0.05) after radiation. Protein of BDNF was decreased at 3 h and increased in 1-2 d (P<0.01 or P<0.05); its mRNA were decreased in 3-9 h, increased at 1d, and decreased at 2 d again (P<0.01 or P<0.05) after radiation. Protein of TrkB was increased in 3 h-1 d (P<0.01 or P<0.05); its mRNA decreased at 3 h and 2 d (P<0.01) after radiation. The interaction between BDNF and TrkB was increased in 3-9 h, but decreased in 1-2 d (P<0.01 or P<0.05) after radiation., Conclusion: Microwave radiation can induce the decrease of the release of amino acids and the expression and phosphorylation of synapsin I, and the abnormality of expressions and interaction of BDNF and TrkB in PC12 cells. The factors might play a role in the injury and repair of information transmission in PC12 cells.

Objective: To investigate the expression of aquaporin-8 (AQP8) and apoptosis associated bcl-2 protein in human cervical carcinoma and their relationship., Methods: The expression of AQP8 and bcl-2 protein in 74 cases of cervical carcinoma (46 cases of squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, 28 cases of adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix), 34 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 15 cases of normal cervices were detected by immunohistochemical technique, and their clinical significance were analyzed., Results: The expression of AQP8 and bcl-2 protein were detected in intracytoplasm of atypia cells in CIN, squamous-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. The positive rates of AQP8 and bcl-2 in squamous-cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, CIN and normal cervical epithelium were 98%, 74%; 61%, 71%; 71%, 53% ; 53%, 20% respectively. There were significant differences between squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix and other groups in AQP8 (P < 0.01), but no significant differences were found in any other groups. There were significant differences between squamous-cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix and CIN or normal cervical epithelium in bcl-2, so were between adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. The expression of AQP8 was positively correlated with bcl-2 in human cervical carcinoma( r(s) = 0.463, P = 0.000)., Conclusions: There is a close relationship between high expression of AQP8 and development of human cervical carcinoma. The expression of AQP8 protein is positively correlated with bcl-2 protein in human cervical carcinoma. AQP8 protein may have anti-apoptosis function, although the detailed mechanism in human cervical carcinoma remains to be clarified.

The testis is highly sensitive to electromagnetic radiation. Sperm is the passer of male genetic material and electromagnetic radiation may cause structural and functional injury to the testis, including motility reduction, abnormality increase and ultrastructural alteration of epididymal sperm. Energy metabolism disorder in spermatogenic cells, enhancement of lipid peroxidation in the testis, excessive expression of inflammatory factors and abnormality of genetic transcription may be responsible for injury to the testis and epididymal sperm. This paper reviews the progress made in this field and the preventive measures against the injury.