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In order to clarify the effect of spraying (potassium dihydrogen phosphate, PDP, KH2PO4) on the grain setting characteristics of wheat under late spring coldness, Yannong 19 (YN19) with strong resistance to reversed late spring coldness and Xinmai 26 (XM26) with weak resistance to reversed late spring coldness were selected as materials. PDP was sprayed on the leaf surface after late spring coldness occurred on March 17-23, 2022 (booting stage). The distribution characteristics of spraying PDP on fertile grain number and grain weight with different spikelet and different grain positions under late spring coldness were compared and analyzed. The results showed that: (1) compared with CK, spraying PDP under late spring coldness increased the total fertile grain numbers of varieties XM26 and YN19. Among them, the total fertile grain numbers at the middle and lower spikelet of XM26 significantly increased by 8.33% and 33.33%, respectively, with no significant effect on the total fertile grain number at the upper spikelets. And the total fertile grain numbers of XM26 at G1 (the first grain position), G2 (the second grain position), G3 (the third grain position) and G4 (the fourth grain position) position increased by 8.11%, 3.13%, 4.35%, and 60.00%, respectively. The total fertile grain numbers at the lower spikelet of YN19 significantly increased by 23.08%, with no significant effect on the total fertile grain numbers at the upper and middle spikelets. The total fertile grain numbers of YN19 at G1, G2 and G3 position increased by 2.70%, 0 and 13.33%, respectively. (2) Compared with CK, spraying PDP under late spring coldness increased the grain weights of varieties XM26 and YN19. Among them, the total grain weights at the middle and lower spikelet of XM26 significantly increased by 18.46% and 46.16%, respectively, with no significant effect on the total grain weights at the upper spikelets. And the total grain weights of XM26 at G1, G2, G3 and G4 position increased by 2.70%, 4.44% and 13.33%, respectively. The total grain weights at the upper and lower spikelet of YN19 significantly increased by 21.70% and 33.63%, with no significant effect on the total grain weights at the middle spikelets. The total grain weights of YN19 at G1, G2 and G3 position increased by 15.97%, 13.12% and 17.55%, respectively. (3) Spraying PDP under late spring coldness mainly alleviates the yield loss by increasing the fertile grain numbers of XM26 with weak resistance to reversed late spring coldness, and increasing grain weight of YN19 with strong resistance to reversed late spring coldness. It was concluded that spraying PDP after the late spring coldness could increase the fertile grain number and grain weight of the lower spikelet and the weaker grain positions to reduce the yield loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field pot experiment was conducted using Xinmai26 (XM26) with weak resistance to late spring coldness and Yannong19 (YN19) with strong resistance to late spring coldness. Low temperature (2C and -2C) stress treatment was carried out in intelligent ultra-low temperature light incubator during the anther differentiation period of young wheat spike differentiation, and 10C was used as CK control group. The length, width and thickness of the superior and inferior caryopsis of wheat were analyzed by sampling every 7 days after anthesis. At the same time, the microstructures of pericarp, endosperm cells and large and small starch grains were observed by paraffin sectioning technique, so as to explore the microstructures of caryopsis development in wheat under the late spring coldness during the anther differentiation period. The results showed as follows: (1) the length, width and thickness of wheat caryopsis decreased with the increase of cold stress (2C→-2C). The length, width and thickness of wheat caryopsis decreased by 1.17%C4.41%, 1.57%-10.22% and 1.42%-9.40%, respectively, at the mature stage. The ratios of length/width, length/thickness and width/thickness of inferior grain caryopsis were higher than that of superior grain caryopsis in all treatments at maturity stage. (2) The degradation rate of early caryopsis pericarp was slowed down. Meanwhile, the development of starch granules in caryopsis endosperm cells of two wheat cultivars was inhibited. (3) The circumference and area of large and small starch grains in wheat superior and inferior caryopsis were decreased by 8.17%-14.66%, 14.08%-17.98%, 0.94%-5.00% and 2.59%-10.03% in endosperm cells of dominant caryopsis at 28 days after anthems. The circumference and area of large and small starch grains decreased by 3.08%-10.31%, 6.59%-8.70%, 3.17%-6.39% and 11.85%-16.17% in endosperm cells of inferior grain caryopsis. The circumference and area of large starch grains decreased more in dominant grain caryopsis, while the circumference and area of small and medium starch grains decreased more in inferior grain caryopsis. In conclusion, late spring coldness during the anther differentiation period can slow down the degradation of pericarp cells of early wheat caryopsis development, inhibit the development of starch grains in endosperm cells, reduce the circumference and area of large and small starch grains in endosperm cells, and thus reduce the length, width and thickness of wheat caryopsis, resulting in the decrease of grain storage capacity of wheat, and ultimately reduce wheat grain weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the dermoscopic, reflectance confocal microscopic and histopathological features of 60 cases of atypical scabies. Methods Sixty cases of atypical scabies were analyzed in terms of demographic data, disease duration, and clinical, dermoscopic and reflectance confocal microscopic features. Skin histopathology was performed in 25 patients. Results A larger portion of the patients were aged 18-65 years (40. 00% ) . Retirees, students and migrant workers accounted for 36. 67% (22 cases), 20. 00% (12 cases) and 18. 33% (11 cases), respectively. The average disease duration was 38. 12 ± 22.56 days. Twenty-seven patients (45. 00% ) had a history of contact with patients with scabies. The commonly involved body sites were the palms (52 cases, 86.67%), abdomen (49 cases, 81.67%), wrists (44 cases, 73. 33% ) and vulva (38 cases, 63. 33% ) . The most common skin rashes were papules (55 cases, 91. 67% ) . Most patients had been misdiagnosed more than twice. The misdiagnoses included pruritus (17 cases, 28.33%), atopic dermatitis (16 cases, 26.67%) and eczema (14 cases, 23. 33% ). Over 60% of the misdiagnosed patients were treated with glucocorticoids (38 cases, 63.33%). Dermoscopic features included white burrows with triangular structures in brown or dark brown color at the end of burrows (48 cases) and gray-edge lines (42 cases) . The typical mite body, burrows and feces were observed in 55 cases under a reflectance confocal microscope. Histopathologically, mites or eggs were seen in the stratum corneum in 17 out of 25 cases, and acute or subacute dermatitis with spongy edema were observed in 12 cases. Dermal infiltrates of eosinophils and lymphocytes were seen in 18 and 7 cases, respectively. Conclusions Atypical scabies displays divergent clinical features. Dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy and histo-pathology are helpful in the diagnosis of atypical scabies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many controversies regarding Jue Yin disease in the Treatise on Febrile Diseases. The author found that it is reasonable to understand Jue Yin disease from two perspectives; a deficiency of bodily fluids, and the advance and retreat of Yin and Yang based on an understanding of Huangdi Neijing and modern scholars on Jue Yin disease, the meaning of the internal meridian, and the research result of modern medicine on Jue Yin disease. If Jue Yin disease is regarded as the state of Yin and Yang advancing and retreating based on deficiencies of bodily fluids, then article 326 and the Wumei pill can be regarded as the outline syndrome and main prescription of Jue Yin disease, respectively. The progression and withdrawal of Yin and Yang and the associated fluctuation of bodily fluids make Jue Yin disease dy-namic and multiphasic. The essence of Jue Yin disease is determined by the characteristics of bodily fluids and the Yang Qi. Instead of focusing on the disease location or the combination of cold and heat, whether the Yang Qi advances or retreats and the coordination of the bodily fluid state should be focused on as the internal cause of the transfer of Jue Yin disease to Yin and Yang, or the occurrence of heat, cold and the sell-healing syndrome. Although Yin and Yang are all-inclusive, the state of bodily fluids has many meanings; there is a significant deficiency of bodily fluids in Jue Yin disease. As such, by emphasizing the state of bodily fluids and the characteristics of Yin and Yang, Jue Yin disease can be better explained and gains a certain clinical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power sector energy consumption and carbon emissions account for about 30%~40% of the total in the whole society. The low-carbon transition of the power sector is driven by climate and environmental policies, and faces different development paths due to the constraints of security of supply, cost-effectiveness and environmental capacity. The external dependence of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) on primary energy is 83%, and its external dependence on power supply is 48%. As a national strategy to benchmark the future of the three major international bay areas, this area should take the lead in exploring the path of low-carbon electricity transformation. Based on the energy balance sheets and input-output tables of nine cities in the Pearl River Delta, Hong Kong and Macao, this study constructed the dynamic CGE model. By studying the external primary energy supply situation and considering the different power consumption of energy constraints, the benchmark scenario, natural gas power scenario, non-fossil power scenario and zero - coal power scenario were designed according to different combined power supply structures. Under the condition of the same local power supply in the GBA, the energy efficiency, investment return, outsourcing power demand change of the power sector and its impact on other industrial sectors were predicted under different transformation paths of power generation technology structures in the GBA until 2035. The impact of low-carbon power transformation in the GBA on the primary energy structure, carbon emissions and macro GDP were analyzed at the micro-and macro-economic system levels. The results showed that under the three low-carbon power transformation paths for 2035, the natural gas power scenario transformation had the best efficiency, with a return on investment of 77%. The non-fossil power scenario showed the best reduction in energy consumption per kilowatt hour of electricity produced. In the zero-coal scenario, the power sector contributed the most to carbon emission reduction, with energy intensity decreasing by 40%. The three low-carbon power transformation scenarios would effectively reduce carbon emissions compared with the baseline scenario, and the power transformation could drive the growth of added value of the power sector, industrial sector and service sector as well as macro GDP, so as to realize low-carbon transformation and promote green economic development at the same time. In the context of balancing the three dimensions of energy, economy and environment, this study proposes the dynamic power system transformation screening mechanism and suggests the implementation of the low-carbon power transformation in a phased, step-by-step and multi-scenario combination path, so as to provide quantitative decision-making reference for the policy formulation of the low-carbon power transformation in the GBA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sour chicken sealed anaerobic fermented by traditional methods in Qianyu and Xiangxi regions was studied, with the fresh chicken as the control. They pH value, color, texture, tenderness and volatile flavor compounds were determined and microbial isolation, identification and sensory evaluation were conducted. The results showed that compared with the fresh chicken, the quality of sour chicken has changed significantly. The pH value, L* value and elasticity of the sour chicken reduced significantly, the b* value, hardness, cohesion chewiness and tenderness increased significantly, and the a* value did not change significantly. Volatile flavor compounds increased from 36 kinds (fresh chicken) to 55 kinds, and among them, the mass fraction of acidic flavor substances that directly contribute to the flavor of sour chicken increased from 6. 03% to 29.00%. The amount of colony and quantity of lactic acid bacteria increased significantly. The sensory scores of the three aspects of the texture, smell, and taste of the sour chicken meat significantly increased, and the color was better than that of fresh chicken, but the difference was not significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of hyperhomocysteinemia among Tibetan residents in the west of Xizang Ali. Methods By using the method of multi-stage cluster random sampling, Tibetan residents were randomly selected from the western area of Xizang Ali for physical examination and questionnaire survey, and blood routine and biochemical indexes were collected. The prevalence and influencing factors of hyperhomocysteinemia in this area were analyzed by chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression. Results A total of 1 362 Tibetan residents in the western region of Xizang Ali were investigated. The results showed that there were 1 044 patients with hyperhomocysteinemia, with a prevalence rate of 76.7%. The prevalence rate of males (84.8%) was higher than that of females (71.5%). Smoking (OR=1.988, 95%CI: 1.076-3.675), poor household (OR = 1.775, 95%CI: 1.204-2.540), hyperuricemia (OA =3.416, 95%CI: 2.494-4.679), hypercholesterolemia (OA =4.051, 95%CI: 2.811-5.838), and hypertriglyceridemia (OR=2.589, 95%CI: 1.765-3.798) were risk factors of hyperhomocysteinemia. Female (0R=0.538, 95%CI: 0.384-0.752) and agricultural and pastoral areas (OR = 0.312, 95%CI: 0.156-0.625) were protective factors. Conclusion The prevalence rate of hyperhomocysteinemia is high in the western region of Xizang Ali. Sex, residence, smoking, and poor households are the influencing factors of hyperhomocys- teinemia. Hyperhomocysteinemia is significantly associated with hyperuricemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and other diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With its excellent properties such as high thermal conductivity, strong radiation resistance and high electron mobility, diamond has become one of the most suitable materials for radiation detectors. Detector-grade diamond requires low impurity content, low dislocation density and other defects. However, it is very difficult to keep low impurities and low dislocations simultaneously in the actual crystal growth process. In this study, microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) method was used to grow diamond layer on two high-quality HPHT diamond substrates with the previously optimized process conditions. The nitrogen impurity content and structure of the HPHT substrate and growth layer were characterized and analyzed. The results show that, the content of nitrogen impurity on two HPHT substrates are 7. 1 x 10-6% and 4. 04 x 10-8%, respectively, whereas in their epitaxial diamond layers, the nitrogen impurity content are 2. 1 x 10-7% and 5 x 10-8%, respectively. The full width at half-maximum of the rocking curve shows that the dislocation density of the MPCVD growth layer is comparable to the HPHT substrate, though some dislocations were introduced into the MPCVD growth layer, which increases the stress. Overall, the dislocations in the HPHT substrate and epitaxial layer of single crystal diamond are in the same order of magnitude. The high-purity single crystal diamond prepared in this work may be used in nuclear radiation detection and semiconductor fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luminescent oil flow technique is a way of measuring global skin friction. This technique is developed on the basis of traditional luminescent oil flow method. It is a visible measurement technique extracting original experiments data by using traditional luminescent oil flow. These data are further processed by HS optical flow algorithm to obtain the surface model of oil film thickness variation on temporal axis. The thickness variation indicates the local relative surface skin friction according to the momentum theorem. In this paper, we used this measurement technique to diagnose the skin friction distributions of a flat plate, a 75° delta wing and a junction model in low speed wind tunnel. The distributions of relative friction and the friction line were also achieved. A comparison was shown between the plate model Blasius laminar flow solutions and classic flow structure of the delta wing model. The test results indicate that this visible skin friction measurement method can be used to provide skin friction information conveniently and uniquely in low speed wind tunnel experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the efficacy of continuous blood purification in SIRS combined ARF patients and nursing measures. Methods 21 cases of SIRS combined ARF patients were selected and accepted CBP and the corresponding nursing countermeasures respectively. Before and 1 day and 2 days after CBP, MEWS, APACHE II and SAPS II scores, renal function and inflammatory factor were evaluated. Results After CBP treatment for 1 day, MEWS, APACHE II, SAPS II, BUN, Scr, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with before and 1 day after CPB, MEWS, APACHE II, SAPS II, BUN, Scr, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α were significantly lower at 2 days after treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion CBP is an effective way for treatment of SIRS combined ARF, and adopting the corresponding nursing measures will help to adjust the state of the patients with SIRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is studied in this paper that the effect of solving the problems of weakly tax administration and tax evasion in hard-to-tax markets as consumers ask for lading bills to audit transactions and tax authority gives supervisors rewards. A Hotelling-type economy model including sales taxation is developed to demonstrate the inevitability of consumers participating actively in market supervision, and then compare changes in markets and welfare before and after the auditing. It is found that if disutility by asking for receipts is low, the optimal tax rate will be reduced, and government increases the provision of public goods all the market, so as to promote economy welfare level. Consumer auditing can also realize the utility equalization across markets. As utility cost affects the optimal parameters, tax authority should set different tax policies aimed at requesting difficulties in various industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the value of dynamic contrast - enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MR) in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions. Methods 50 cases verified by histopathology with breast diseases were enrolled to exam three dimensional dynamic contrast-enhanced scanning. Morphological characteristics of the lesion were analyzed, the time - signal intensity curve type were measured. Results 50 cases were confirmed by histopathology, among them 24 cases of malignant and 26 cases of benign. Morphological characteristics and curve type were significantly different between breast benign and malignant lesions (P < 0.05). Diagnostic sensitivity of lesion morphological characteristics was 91.7% (22 /24), specificity was 84.6% (22/26), accuracy was 88.0% (44/50). Diagnostic sensitivity of lesion time - signal intensity curve type was 92.3% (24/26), specificity was 73.1% (19/26), the accuracy was 86.0% (43/50). Combination of the two joint diagnostic criteria had 100.0% sensitivity (24/24) and specificity 94.4%, (24/26), 96.0% accuracy (48/50). Conclusion Dynamic contrast-enhanced breast imaging can provide a wealth of morphological information, time-signal intensity curve type reflects hemodynamic information, the combination of benign and malignant disease diagnosis and differential diagnosis has important value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of four key attributes of the network system viability, analytical hierarchy process is used to divide the network system from top to bottom into three factor layers of software, hardware and running environment, and a set of extractable, observable and maneuverable index system is proposed. A proper algorithm is applied to perform quantitative calculation, and the results are analyzed by a graded evaluation, which can clearly reflect the key attributes of the network system viability. Verified by experiment, the proposed index system of network system viability quantitative evaluation is more feasible, which makes the evaluation results more significant to the guidance of engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric impedance properties of biological tissue closely relate with their tissue structure. A few published investigations have shown that electric impedance has a rapid detection capability to meat quality. To explore the impedance detection ability for frozen-thawed meat, electric impedance magnitude and phase properties of unfrozen and frozen-thawed chicken breasts subjected to different thawing times were studied. The maximum freezing-thawing circle was three times. Sixteen different frequencies from 50 Hz to 200 kHz and quality parameters like thawing loss, cooking loss, pH value, and TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) of 20 samples of each group were investigated. The impedance of the samples was measured by an LCR electronic bridge at the voltage of 3 V. Copper needle electrodes with a length up to 15 mm and a distance of 15 mm between two electrodes were used. The temperature of the meat was kept within 0-4? during the measurement. The location of each test was the same and measurement time was 1-2 sec at every frequency. The experimental results showed that changes in the tissue structure caused by freezing and thawing could be reflected by the impedance magnitude and phase. The impedance magnitude of both fresh and frozen-thawed meat would decrease as the frequencies increased and the impedance magnitude of fresh meat was significantly higher (P<0.01) than frozen-thawed meat in the low-frequency range, while the opposite trend was found in the high-frequency range. Those changing trends of impedance are indicators for capacitance characteristics of cell remembrance. Biological tissues are composed of cells that are surrounded by extracellular liquid. The main current flows through the extracellular fluid and the cells are bypassed when low-frequency current is applied to the tissue. The cell membrane acts as an insulator at low frequencies. With the current frequency increases, a part of the current will flow through intracellular fluid through the cell membrane. So, low-frequency impedance of biological tissue is larger than high-frequency impedance. The impedance phase angle of both fresh and frozen-thawed meat would increase as the frequencies increase. Compared with frozen-thawed meat, fresh meat had a higher (P<0.05) impedance phase angle in the low-frequency range but a lower (P<0.05) value in the high-frequency range. So, the significant difference (P<0.05) of high-frequency phase angle and low-frequency impedance magnitude between fresh and frozen-thawed meat would be an ideal index to distinguish those two kinds of meat. After freezing-thawing cycles, low-frequency impedance magnitude would decrease significantly (P<0.05), but the difference between two and three times freezing-thawing cycle was not significant (P>0.05). High-frequency phase angle would increase (P<0.05) which is different with normal frozen processing groups, especially at levels higher than 50 kHz. This impedance phase property of meat with more than one freezing-thawing cycle gives a clear distinction between them and meat with one freezing-thawing cycle. These changes of impedance properties demonstrate that freezing-thawing cycles have a remarkable influence on the structure of cell membrane and lead to a decline of cell membrane capacitance. From the quality aspect, the increasing of freezing-thawing cycles lead to inevitable decline in meat quality. More thawing loss, cooking loss and higher TBARS value are found after freezing-thawing cycles. The precise calculation of the quality by impedance measurement could not be obtained for no accordant significant correlation (P>0.05) was found between impedance properties and quality parameters in different groups. Radial Basis Function (RBF) Neural Networks that are built up based on impedance magnitude and phase angle of specific frequencies from 50 Hz to 200 kHz (Total 12 frequencies) could give a solution to estimate the freezing-thawing cycles of meat without complex mathematics modeling, and the prediction accuracy satisfies the requirement. Accuracy of the testing samples of fresh chicken meat was up to 100 percent, one time freezing-thawing cycle samples also had a high degree of distinction from two and three times. These results reflect that electrical impedance measurement is a simple innocuous tool for frozen meat characterization. For improving the measurement accuracy, a dadatabase with a big enough data volume needs to be built in future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measure, control technology and instrument specialty is the integration applied apparatus and instrument specialty. It collects the optical, mechanical, electrical and count for one system. We change traditional mode of customary specialty course design for only taking the cell design ability into account, and carry out item-driven teaching into execution in the course design teaching, and decompose one item into four module for progress. The reform is not only cultivating student design ability based on item exploitation, standing out the excellence of item teaching practice into teaching process, but also promoting the engineering ability and engineering diathesis of student, reflecting specialty cultivating characteristic, and actualizing nice effect for whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Directly sensing stellar and horizon is simply and reliable based on the star sensor and earth sensor. The navigation precision is lower depended on earth sensor mainly. Indirect sensing horizon gets horizon information by observing atmosphere refraction stellar using star sensor. Because the number of refraction stellar and observing time are limited, the observed information is discontinuity. The paper presents a new information fusion method of autonomous navigation algorithm by importing earth's magnetic information. The integrated navigation method and algorithm are designed and simulating. The results of computer simulation show that the proposed system can improve the navigation precision and robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a technical difficulty to calculate the hydrodynamic parameters when autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) carries some complex shape appendages (equipment). The general hydrodynamics simulation software CFX and the SST turbulence model were used to calculate the hydrodynamics of AUV with CTD and GPS/Beidou antennas, obtain the AUV hydrodynamic variation of three models and analyze the influence of different appendages on the hydrodynamics of AUV. The results show that the horizontal of AUV with appendages is asymmetric, the pressure and speed change rapidly at the appendages, resulting in the great change of AUV hydrodynamic parameters and the flow field. The numerical results pro- vide a reference frame for the engineering design of AUV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) testing system was constructed to study the mechanical properties of sandstone at high temperature. The dynamic compression loading tests of sandstone with temperature rate varying from 25 °C to 1 000 °C were carried out to study the relationship among the dynamic mechanical properties, such as peak stress, failure strain, elastic modulus, and temperature. The experimental results show that the relationship of the mechanical properties of sandstone with the temperature changes sharply at 100 °C and 200 °C. With the increase of temperature, the peak stress and the elastic modulus all gradually decrease, while the failure strain increases when the temperature is over 200 °C. The mechanical properties deteriorate rapidly with the increase of temperature when the temperature is above 600 °C. In the sight of microstructure characteristics of sandstone, the mechanical properties of sandstone at high temperature were analyzed. It is found that the micro mechanism that the destruction of high temperature to the sandstone changes sharply with the increase of temperature. The research conclusions can provide references for analyzing the dynamic mechanical behavior of the country rock of underground projects at high temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite materials, such as CFRP, are used as smart materials in underwater structures for its bend-twist coupling properties. In this paper, the CFD/FEM coupling fluid-structure method was used to investigate relationship between the ply orientation and the bend-twist coupling and the drag reduction properties. The results show that influence of ply orientation on the composite wing mechanical properties was negligible with small attack angle and significant with large attack angle. Appropriate ply orientation could effectively reduce drag force. The stress concentration area was consistent with ply orientation direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare earth elements are widely identified as critical raw materials to underpin high-end technological innovation and the development of emerging industries, which makes them as important strategic minerals deserved by key international great powers. Since 2011, the United States and other developed nations are quickly fostering the development of their supply chains and industrial ecosystems of rare earth out of China's engagement. Consequently, the new diversified supply pattern of rare earth has been formalizing at global level. Under this full supply chain view, this study performs a deep-dive analysis of international rare earth industry landscape changes in the key stage from mining, refinery, throughout to final recycling. Meanwhile, their future potential changes are further explored to provide the key implications for China's rare earth industry to structure their global strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluent software was used to study the effects of four different types of rectangular wings on the laminar flow and heat transfer of the fluid in the hat exchanger microchannel when the Reynolds number was 200 to 1100, and compared with the smooth microchannel. The results showed that the best arrangement was that the two pairs of rectangular wings were bracketed, and when Re = 1100, the Nu increased 39. 7% over the smooth microchannel. Under this configuration, the regularity of the effect of rectangular wings with diiferent spacing on the laminar flow and heat transfer of the fluid was: PEC increased first and then decreased with increasing spacing. The optimal spacing was g1 = g2 = 4H, and the maximum PEC was 0. 62. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrospinning porous silica fiber ( Epsf) prepared by electrospinning as the catalyst carrier, took Co and Zn as bimetallic active components. The bimetallic load-type catalyst was prepared by the equal volume impregnation method, and the technical features of SEM, XRF were used to explore the effect of its application on the degradation effect of chemical wastewater. The results showed that when the mass ratio of the Zn and Co bimetal components in the catalyst was 1 1, its synergistic ozone had a good treatment effect on wastewater. The COD degradation rate of wastewater was 97. 1% within 100 min,and after the catalyst was reused 7 times,the COD degradation rate of wastewater could still reach 79. 1%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wave equation prestack depth migration is a high-precision seismic imaging method, suitable for complex media with sharp lateral velocity variation, however, its huge computation hinders its application. Xeon Phi is a new product for throughput computing which provides a better choice for these methods. Taking the Split Step Fourier algorithm for example, we introduce the code migration and performance optimization on Xeon Phi platform. We offload the kernel which is fully threaded to Xeon Phi by predefined compiler pragmas so as to take full advantage of SIMD engine to improve the efficiency of the parallelization processing; and we change the code structure to ensure the vectorization. Besides, by extending the parallel processing framework with the dynamic workload-balance mechanism, we develop a seismic imaging system based on Xeon Phi platform which is suitable for large-scale, full hybrid heterogeneous clusters. Finally, we conduct a real workload test and the results show that Xeon Phi platform can significantly improve the seismic imaging efficiency, and has good core scalability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A finite element model of the rotating band engraving into the forcing cone section of gun tube is established to explore the mechanism of engraving process of rotating band of a large-caliber howitzer under launch conditions. The dynamic engraving process of the rotating band is studied through numerical simulation, and the maximum resistance, engraving pressure and projectile velocity at the corresponding time are obtained. The deformation and groove formation processes of the rotating band are analyzed. The dynamic engraving resistance of the rotating band, the engraving pressure and movement of projectile are also calculated. The calculated results show that the rotating band undergoes plastic deformation and material flow, and forms the grooves on it due to ductile fracture, where shear failure is dominant. The rotating band has a layered feature after engraving, and the plastic strain in the band is small. The heat generated by adiabatic deformation of the rotating band is not enough to melt it. The simulation results of the deformation of the rotating band show good agreement with the test data from the recovered projectile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multi-objective optimal method based on adaptive response surface is proposed for the multi-objective optimization of deep-sea AUV (automatic underwater vehicle) shell structure. The original samples are obtained by the experimental design, the response surface methodology is used to create an approximate model, and the Pareto solution set is obtained after optimization. A spatial sampling method is introduced to get the equally distributed samples from Pareto solution set. After the samples are checked using the finite-element analysis method, they are added into the original sample set. The approximate model can satisfy the accuracy requirements by using an asymptotic global strategy. At last, a grey relational analysis method is used to deal with the Pareto solution sets. A multilevel-scales evaluation method is presented to get the weight of every objective based on the shell structure design of AUV, and then get the satisfactory result. The optimal result is much better than the result got by the empirical formula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to obtain the hydrodynamic characteristics of the unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) parking on the seabed and the effect of vertical thrusters on it, two kinds of UUV, with and without vertical thrusters respectively, were modeled and meshed using the software ANSYS ICEM in different distances from the seabed and different seabed oblique angles, and the flow fields around these UUVs were simulated by using CFX. From the simulation, the lateral forces and lifts of these two UUVs under different conditions were obtained and the curves of lateral forces and lifts changing with distance from the seabed, oblique angle and water velocity were analyzed. Finally, the effect of vertical thrusters on the hydrodynamic characteristics was analyzed according to the simulation results. The results reveal that the effect of the distance from the seabed on the lateral forces is minor while that on lifts is great; both of the lateral forces and lifts increase rapidly with the increase of water velocity; the lateral forces decease slowly with the increase of the absolute value of seabed oblique angle while lifts increase rapidly; the lateral forces of UUV with vertical thrusters are 5% ~ 15% larger than that if UUV without vertical thrusters while lifts are several times larger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) reduction has gained much attention due to is mid reaction conditions, and this reaction can be performed without the presence of reductive atmosphere and the reaction conditions of high temperature and high pressure. Solid bases with abundant strong basic sites can be synthesized with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as precursors. These MOFs are immobilized with alkane metal nitrides, followed by calcination to produce the desired basic metal oxides. The basic zirconia shows highly efficient catalytic performance in MPV reduction of substrates with the carbonyl group, and benzaldehyde can be completely reduced in 6 hours with a mild reaction temperature (160 °C) in the absence of hydrogen gas. The catalytic efficiency is determined by the amounts of strong basic sites, but not the total amounts of basic sites, and this phenomenon is proved by the contrast experiments with the catalytic test of weak solid bases. Furthermore, the cooperative action between basic and acid sites can also enhance the catalytic performance in MPV reactions. With MOFs as precursors, metal oxide catalysts can be synthesized with well dispersed active sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of combined expression of Aurora A, Ki-67, p53 and p21 WAF1 in patients after curative resection of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Methods Expressions of Aurora A, Ki-67, p53 and p21 WAF1 in 58 tumor samples from resected primary NSCLCs were detected by immunohistochemistry. The correlation of proteins, survival and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. Results The positive rates of Aurora A, Ki-67, p53 and p21 WAF1 expression were 89.7% (52/58), 53.4% (31/58), 46.6% (27/58) and 34.5% (20/58), respectively. Aurora A expression was positively correlated with nodal metastasis (69.2% vs. 37.8%, P = 0.045). The univariable analysis showed that the overall survival (OS) was 75.0% in patients with low Aurora A expression and 46.0% in patients with high Aurora A expression (P= 0.039). The 3-year survival rate was 40.0% in patients with positive expression of Aurora A and p53, 65.0% in the expression of Aurora A or p53, and 82.1% in the patients with negative expression of (P= 0.039). The Cox regression model showed that combined expression of Aurora and p53 is an independent factor affecting the prognosis of NSCLC patients (P= 0.015). Conclusions Our findings suggest that the positive expression of Aurora A, Ki-67 and p53 proteins is an unfavorable factor affecting the prognosis for NSCLC patients, and the overexpression of Aurora A is an independent unfavorable factor association with shorter OS in NSCLC patients. Detection of positive Aurora A and p53 expression may be a useful predictive prognostic indicator for NSCLC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluation of surrounding rock stability is a complicated system problem involving various uncertain factors. To overcome the drawbacks of conventional evaluation methods based on single-type information, a new combination evaluation method based on set pair analysis was proposed. This method made full use of available information sources from the different conventional methods while avoiding the most erroneous evaluation. First, the problem was treated with the single-type evaluation methods. Then, the set pair consisting of double evaluation results was analyzed on the identical-discrepancy-contrary principle to establish a connectional matrix. And the weights of the realted single-type evaluation methods in the comprehensive model were determined respectively through the connectional matrix. Finally the surrounding rock stability level was evaluated with the linear combination method. The results of the application case show that the proposed model is effective and feasible in improving the prediction accuracy through coupling the advantages of the related conventional evaluation methods. This method makes a good reference for other similar evaluation problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study on the initial activity time and mechanism of Altyn Tagh fault system since Cenozoic is one of hot topics in the northern Tibet Plateau, but is still lack of a reliable chronological constraint. Based on field investigation, the ages of associated quartz vein and gypsum from Altyn Tagh fault system were measured by electron spin resonance (ESR) dating, and the age was taken as the constraint of the latest fault activity; the structural deformation of Altyn Tagh fault system since Middle Miocene was discussed. The results show that Cenozoic large-scale structural deformation of Altyn Tagh fault system starts in Middle Miocene ((12.5 ± 1.3)-(15. 1 ± 1. 5)Ma), followed by multistage activities; time limit of large-scale strike-slip activity for Altyn Tagh main fault at least starts in (15. 1 ± 1. 5) Ma, but lime limit of compression thrust activity for the northern Altyn Tagh fault at least starts in (14. 1 ± 1. 4)Ma; there is a time difference for the activity between Altyn Tagh main fault and the northern Altyn Tagh fault, suggesting that Altyn Tagh fault system extends progressively from the center to both sides; the deep ductile shear leads to strike-slip movement of Altyn Tagh main fault and rapid uplift of neighbouring mountain, and then the deformation propagation cause the tectonic response of thrust activity of the northern Altyn Tagh fault. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the data acquisition and instrument controlling tasks in the single-particle impact test, a high-speed data acquisition program controUed system based on PXIe bus and digitizer was built. Features as high-speed data acquisition and streaming real-time pulse counting data playback, instrument remote control were established. 4 channels, 50 MSPS/Ch sample rate, and 14 bit resolution synchronous data acquisition were accomplished with NI-PXI-5122 digitizer. 380 Mbyte/s throughput data storage for over an hour was achieved using NI-HD-8265 disk array. System software featuring instrument remote control and high performance streaming was developed with Lab-VIEW. The data acquisition and streaming performance of the system was tested in simulated experiment platform with 6µs width pulse signal. The result indicates that the system is capable to acquired and stream high speed data for several hours, and accomplish demanded functions as real-time pulse counting data playback and instrument remote control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the solar hot water and pure water co-production system was built and the mathematical model of energy conversion and transmission was established based on the system's operation, which aimed to improve the thermal performance and water productivity of the system experimentally and theoretically. The double evacuated tube solar collector was integrated into the desalination stills to ensure the continuity production of distillate. The evaporation-condensation tank and the heat storage water tank were designed and built with a φ58 mm×1.8 m×24 double evacuated heat pipe, a hot water tank capacity of 109.2 L, an evaporation area of 0.6235 m2, a condensation water tank capacity of 124.8 L, a condensation area of 0.7092 m2, and a heat storage water tank of 200 L. The governing energy balance equations were solved analytically with Matlab software and compared with the experimental results. The results indicated that water productivity and performance coefficient increased first and then decreased with the increase of temperature at a certain temperature range (50-70°C). It was found that the productivity of water and the coefficient of performance increased to a maximum at 60°C. The constant temperature (60°C) heat storage had a significant advantage in terms of superior performance as compared to quantitative heat storage at 60°C. The increments of the distilled water productivity, the total coefficient of performance, and the gained output ratio were 950 mL, 0.102 and 0.056 respectively. Furthermore, the system performance was conducted without heat storage. The distilled water productivity, the overall system coefficient of performance, and the gained output ratio were 5 978.4 mL, 1.2498 and 0.468, respectively. The decrease of the coefficient of performance and the gained output ratio were 0.1979 and 0.219, compared with constant temperature heat storage at 60°C. Finally, the water quality of the distilled water was also tested It was found that each parameter test result of water quality reached the standard of drinking water, including the sensory index, chemical index, bacteriological index, and toxicology index. The pH of distilled water was increased from 6.98 to 7.6, and its weakly alkaline properties excellently accorded with human body physiological needs. The chromaticity of the distilled water was reduced from 12 to 4.2, and chloride content and fluoride content were reduced from 360.3 to 2.5 mg/L and from 1.38 to 0.08 mg/L, respectively. The total hardness and total soluble solids were reduced from 275.62 to 4 mg/L and from 639.6 to 12 mg/L, oxygen consumption was decreased from 2.8 to 0.54 mg/L, the iron and manganese content had been reduced from 0.29 to 0.2 mg/L and from 0.16 to 0.04 mg/L as well, and total coliforms and toxicity index in water were not detected. The percent of pass of the system was obtained as 100%. The proposed method could be used to provide living hot water and drinking water for brackish water areas, coastal areas, and overseas islands, and has very good social and economic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to establish a clear relationship between the biological electrical characteristics and biochemical characteristics, an inter-digitated gold electrode was designed and manufactured on a silica glass substrate by using micro-processing technolog. Based on this substrate, a cell electrical measurement device that can measure continuous impedance spectroscopy in real-time was then fabricated. Cervical cancer cell was planted and then growing on the measurement cell. Impedance spectroscopy of the cell was then measured with Parstat4000, with frequency varying from 1 Hz to 1 MHz. Based on existed equivalent circuit model, a corrected model of interdigital electrodes was proposed. The result indicates that the variance of the conrcted model is smaller than the original model. The parameters of corncted model can be devided into two sets which reflect the change of character of the solution and the cells while the cells were growing. Finally, a qualitative relationship between the impedance data and cell physiological change was build. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the numbers and capacities of dairy cattle farms are increasing with every passing day, computer aided studies for the management of these farms become more important and are widely used in daily life. In this study, we assessed the potential of Xtion as a point cloud data acquisition system for the body measurements of Holstein cows in the context of dairy cow conformation. For this purpose, we selected Xtion for point cloud data acquisition and chose a dairy cow model and a dairy cow as the experimental subjects. In an indoor environment, three dimensional laser scanners with high precision were employed to get point cloud data of the cow model as comparison data, and Xtion was used for acquiring point cloud data at different distances away from the cow model as test data. After aligning the comparison data and test data by using commercial point cloud processing software, statistical errors between comparison data and test data including positive maximum distance, negative maximum distance, positive average distance, negative average distance, standard deviation, and RMS error were calculated by the professional point cloud software in order to quantitatively analyze the precision and density of point cloud data from Xtion at different distances. The test results indicate that the errors almost increased linearly with increasing of the distance between Xtion and subject. The average errors were less than ±5mm on the condition that the distance from Xtion to the subject were between 0.6m and 1.2m. The average errors were less than ±10mm on the condition that the distance between Xtion and the subject were between 1.2m and 1.8m. Maximum errors were always less than ±20mm. The density of point clouds decreased exponentially with increasing of the distance from Xtion to the subject to such an extent that body measurements were impossible to get on account of missing the mark points on the body. These results imply that the appropriate distance between Xtion and a cow is between 0.6m and 1.2m. Under the dairy cow breeding environment, body measurements including chest width, thurl width, rear leg side view, front nipple length, rear udder width, and rear udder height of cows were first determined manually, by direct measurement. Then we used Xtion to acquire point cloud data at a distance of less than 1.2 meters from the cow. Visualization of the point cloud data and interactive measurement of the cow body based on point cloud data from Xtion were performed by Meshlab so as to qualitatively analyze the sunlight and surface materials’ influence on the quality of point cloud data acquired from Xtion under dairy farm conditions. The results indicate that Xtion failed to give normal operation under the sunlight due to the presence of the IR rays in the sunlight. Point cloud acquisition from Xtion may have some small holes due to the material and appearance of a live cow body. The relative errors of comparing the body measurements obtained by Meshlab with the manual measurements were less than 10%, which indicates that Xtion is appropriate for body measurements of Holstein cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deformation and failure of coal is a complex process with damage evolution, so it's important to study the energy mechanism during coal damage process under all kinds of loading conditions. A serial of cyclical loading and unloading tests of coal were conducted under different confining pressures by means of an advanced conventional triaxial compression testing system. The damage process of coal under confining pressure was discussed carefully. Experimental results show that hysteresis loops of coal occurs under cyclical loading and unloading conditions and correspondingly damage dissipation energy increase with increasing stress. Elastic modulus of coal would decrease with increasing cyclical stress under low confining pressure or uniaxial compression, but it would not decrease with increasing cyclical stress under high confining pressure. It indicates that damage mechanism changes due to the effect of confining pressure. So a new definition of coal damage variable was suggested based on energy analysis and the corresponding damage evolution regular was given. Such definition avoids the default of traditional definition of damage variable based on elastic modulus and can well describe the damage content of coal under different confining pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the thermal performance of a fixed linear mirror solar concentrator, its working principle was introduced in this paper. The equation of incidence angle and illuminate area had been obtained by vector analysis. At the same time, the 3D model of a cylindrical cavity glass-metal vacuum tube absorber and a fixed linear mirror solar concentrator were established. The Monte Carlo ray tracing method was applied to investigate the concentrating characteristics of the concentrator. The flux distribution on the receiver was simulated and drawn with TracePro software, as a ray trace analysis at different transverse angles determined optical efficiencies, optical loss, and flux distribution of the absorber. The results showed that the overall ray's acceptance of 74.08%-98%and optical efficiency of 56.97%-73.65% were obtained from the transverse angles of 0° to 40°with the mirror reflectance of 0.92 and the receiver absorbance of 0.9. In addition, the thermal performance of the trapezoidal cavity absorber and the cylindrical cavity absorber were studied experimentally at the different transverse angles and output temperatures. The cylindrical cavity glass-metal vacuum tube absorber had a significant advantage in terms of superior thermal performance as compared to the trapezoidal cavity absorber. The thermal efficiency of the cylindrical cavity glass-metal vacuum tube absorber was higher than the trapezoidal cavity absorber by 2%-3% at the low environment temperature and irradiation under the same condition. The thermal efficiency of the cylindrical cavity glass-metal vacuum tube absorber decreased from 46.93% to 39.98% as the output temperature increased from 76.7°C to 99.6°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the compressive behavior of high-strength concrete confined with high-strength stirrups, high-strength concrete prism specimens confined with high-strength stirrups were tested under axial compression. The effects of three variables such as stirrup ratio, stirrup yield strength and stirrup configuration were analyzed. It is shown that high-strength stirrups do not yield at peak stress of confined concrete. The calculation method for effective lateral stress and actual stirrups stress were suggested based on the stress mechanism. The high strength stirrups can provide more effective lateral stress after the peak stress, which makes the descending section more gentle for stress-strain curve of confined concrete. Based on test results and theoretical analysis, the equations for calculating the strength and strain of confined high-strength concrete were proposed, the formula of stress-strain curve were suggested. It is shown that the theoretical stress-strain curves are in good agreement with the experimental curves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exothermic question of lithium/thionyl chloride battery will affect the efficiency of battery compartment of underwater vehicle, and may cause serious safety problems. Thus, the thermal process in battery compartment is analyzed by using CFD. Its mathematical and physical models are established by using coupled fluid-solid heat transfer method, and the temperature contours and temperature-time curves are simulated by adopting FLUENT 6.2 software. Also, they are tested experimentally. The test results indicate that the temperature contours and temperature-time curves inside the battery compartment are mainly relevant to the discharging current of ER48660 lithium/thionyl chloride battery and the heat conductivity of media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the level of CD4+CD25+CD127low regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the peripheral blood of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with HBV infection and to explore the relationship between these cells and HBV infection. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 41 HCC patients infected with HBV, 34 HCC patients without HBV infection and 29 healthy persons. These mononuclear cells were labeled with the monoclonal antibodies of CD4, CD25 and CD127, and then Tregs level was determined by flow cytometry (FCM). Moreover, the load of HBV DNA in the blood serum of HCC patients with HBV infection was detected by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR). Results The percentage of CD+CD25+CD127low Tregs in CD4+T cells in the HCC patients with HBV infection was higher than that in the HCC patients without HBV infection [(8.24±2.20)% vs (7.06±2.46)%, P<0.05] and that in the healthy persons [(8.24±2.20)% vs (6.51±1.99)%, P < 0.01]. Furthermore, the percentage of CD+CD25+CD127low Tregs in CD4+T cells in the HCC patients without HBV infection was higher than that in the healthy persons [(7.06±2.46)% vs (6.51± 1.99)%, P < 0.05]. In addition, the level of CD+CD25+CD127low Tregs in the HCC patients with HBV infection was gradually increased following the increase of HBV DNA load and there was a positive correlation between the level of CD+CD25+CD127low Tregs and the load of HBV DNA (r=0.350, P < 0.05). Conclusion The level of CD+CD25+CD127low Tregs in HCC patients is increased remarkably and associated with the number of HBV DNA copy, which may be an important mechanism of immunologic escape of virus in HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]