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Electrochemical energy storage is flexible and efficient, and it is an important direction for the development of large-scale power energy storage technology. Liquid metal battery (LMB) uses liquid metals and molten inorganic salts as electrodes and electrolytes, respectively, to fundamentally avoid the life-limiting problem of traditional batteries. LMB has the advantages of long life, low cost, and large capacity, and has broad application prospects in the field of power system energy storage. This paper mainly introduced the working principle of LMB, focused on its development history and important research progress, and pointed out the limitations and challenges of existing battery systems. On this basis, the key development directions of LMB were discussed and clarified.

In this study, the metatranscriptome technology was used to study the differences in the composition and genes functions of the physiologically active bacterial and fungal communities in the strong-flavor Baijiu fermented grains (FGs) at different spatial locations of pit. The results showed that 87 phyla, 78 classes, 165 orders, 396 families, 1612 genera and 7234 species were detected in the bacterial community, and 8 phyla, 26 classes, 58 orders, 127 families, 223 genera and 394 species were detected in the fungal community. However, there was little difference in the number of active microorganisms among the top, middle and bottom layers of FGs. There was no significant difference in the bacterial and fungal community composition in each layer of FGs, with Firmicutes and Ascomycota as the main dominant bacterial and fungal phylum, respectively. Bacillus and Saccharomyces were the main dominant bacterial and fungal class, respectively. Lactobacillus was the main dominant bacterial genera, Saccharomyces (top and bottom) or Scheffersomyces (middle) was the main dominant fungal genera. Furthermore, the number of differentially-expressed genes between the bottom and middle layer, and between the middle and upper layer of FGs was higher and it was 90 and 67 respectively. And the differentially-expressed genes were mainly concentrated in RNA degradation and Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis pathway, and most of the difference gene function between each layer was metabolism. The active microbial flora in the middle FGs had the lowest effect on RNA degradation, and the active microbial flora in the bottom FGs contributed the most to the metabolic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diversity and structure of fungal and bacterial communities in Qupi and Quxin of medium temperature Daqu from one wine corporation located in He'nan were analyzed based on the high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that; 1) The diversity and abundance of fungal community in Qupi were higher than those in Quxin samples,and Ascomycetes was the only dominant fungi detected both in Qupi and Quxin. A total of 15 species of fungi was detected in Daqu, of which Saccharomycoosis fibuligera, Eurotium niveoglaucum, Pichia spl were the dominant fungi in Qupi and Quxin samples. Among them, the content of Saccharomvcopsg fibuligera in Qupi was similar to that in Quxin, however, the contents of Eurotium niveoglau cum and Pichia sp1 in Qupi and Quxin samples were quite different. 2) The diversity of bacterial community in Quxin of medium temperature Daqu was higher than that of Qupi, but its abundance was lower than that of Qupi. A total of 28 genera was detected in the Qupi and Quxin samples, of which Enterobacter, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Brucella, Enterococcus and Erwinia were dominant bacteria of Daqu samples. Expect for Brucella, the content of other dominant bacteria had a large difference in Qupi and Quxin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effects of long-term administration of tacrolimus (also known as FK506) on the pain-related behaviors in mice and to study the underlying mechanism of pain induced by FK506 via measuring the effect of FK506 on the synaptic expression and phosphorylation of alpha-amino-3-hyroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor in the spinal cord dorsal horn of mice., Methods: 1) A total of 24 mice were evenly and randomly assigned to two groups, a FK506 group and a Saline group. The FK506 group was given daily intraperitoneal injection of FK506 and the Saline group received normal saline. Both groups received injection once a day for 7 days in a row. Some of the mice ( n =6 in each group) were monitored for the changes in the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT), the paw withdrawal latency (PWL), and the spontaneous pain behaviors to establish the pain model. The other mice ( n =6 in each group) of each group underwent isolation of the dorsal horn when obvious pain symptoms were induced on day 7 of injection. Then, immunoblotting was performed to determine the synaptic expression and phosphorylation levels of GluA1 and GluA2 subunits of AMPA receptors. 2) The mice were randomly divided into two groups, FK506+calcineurin (CaN) group and FK506+Saline group ( n =6 in each group). After the pain model was constructed, the mice were given intrathecal injection of recombinant CaN (also know as 33 U) or normal saline. Then, 60 minutes later, the PWT and the PWL of the mice were measured to investigate the role of CaN in FK506-induced pain. 3) Another18 mice were selected. The mice were randomly and evenly assigned to three groups, a control group (receiving intraperitoneal injection of normal saline followed by intrathecal injection of normal saline), FK506+Saline group (receiving intraperitoneal injection of FK506 followed by intrathecal injection of normal saline) and FK506+CaN group (receiving intraperitoneal injection of FK506 followed by intrathecal injection of CaN). Then, 60 minutes later, the spinal cords were isolated and subjected to immunoblotting assay to determine the role of CaN in FK506-induced AMPA receptor modification., Results: 1) After 7 consecutive days of intraperitoneal injection of FK506, the PWT and PWL of mice dropped significantly, reaching on day 7 as low as 22.3%±0.05% and 66.6%±0.05% of the control group, respectively ( P <0.01). The FK506-treated mice displayed evident spontaneous pain behavior, presenting significantly increased licking activities ( P <0.01). These results indicated that FK506-induced pain model was successfully established. Immunoblotting assay showed that the total expressions of GluA1 and GluA2 subunits in the spinal dorsal horn of the FK506 group remained unchanged in comparison with those of the Saline group. However, FK506 specifically induced an increase in the synaptic expression of GluA1. In addition, the phosphorylation levels of GluA1 at Ser845 and Ser831 in FK506-treated mice were significantly increased in comparison with those of the control group ( P <0.05). 2) Compared with those of the mice in the FK506+Saline group, the PWT and the PWL of mice in the FK506+CaN group were significantly increased ( P <0.05). 3) Compared with those of the FK506+Saline group, the synaptic expression of GluA1 were decreased in FK506+CaN group ( P <0.01) and the phosphorylation levels of GluA1 at Ser845 and Ser831 were significantly downregulated ( P <0.001)., Conclusion: The hyper-expression and hyperphosphorylation of GluA1 subunit in the spinal cord dorsal horn resulting from CaN inhibition contributes to the FK506-induced pain syndrome. FK506 induces the synaptic hyper-expression and hyperphosphorylation of GluA1 in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord through CaN inhibition, thereby inducing pain., Competing Interests: 利益冲突 　所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突, (© 2024《四川大学学报（医学版）》编辑部 版权所有Copyright ©2024 Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Objective: To verify the clinical safety of complete mesocolic excision (CME) and manufacture pathological large slices., Methods: A prospective analysis clinical data of 85 right colon cancer in patients by the same group of surgeons at the Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2012 to December 2013 which were divided into two groups: CME group (n=39) and traditional radical operation group (n=46) by surgical approach. CME group and control group were compared the differences of clinic and pathologic variables, precise tissues morphometry, lymph nodes harvest, mesocolic area and so on. By comparison to operation time, blood loss, postoperative complications, flatus restoring time, drainage removal time and length of stay, the security of CME was analyzed. Statistical methods included independent sample t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and χ(2) test. In order to manufacture pathological large slices, the CME operation specimens were fixed. The large slices were stained by routine HE staining to detection of circumferential resection margin., Results: Mean number of total lymph nodes was increased obviously in CME group (26.8±1.9 vs. 23.2±3.4, t=4.261, P=0.000). Mean number of lymph nodes of stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ were different between two groups (25.8±3.6 vs. 18.2±4.5, 26.8±7.7 vs. 24.9±6.2, t=8.776, 2.802, P=0.000). The positive lymph nodes of CME group was higher than control group (4(7) vs. 1.5(2), P=0.032), above all with statistically significant difference. Comparing CME group with the control group, there were the larger area of mesentery ((15 555±1 263) mm(2) vs. (12 493±1 002) mm(2,) t=12.456, P=0.000), the greater distance between the tumor and the high vascular tie ((116±22) mm vs. (82±11) mm, t=9.295, P=0.000), the greater distance between the normal bowel and the high vascular tie ((92±17) mm vs. (74±10) mm, t=8.132, P=0.000) of CME, with statistically significant difference. There were no statistically significant differences from operation safety when CME group was compared with the control group. The pathological large slices of colon cancer were prepared successfully and dyed evenly than those large slices were used to observe whether the lymph tube and lymph node metastasis inside the mesocolon. Existence of direct tumor invasion could be confirmed by investigating the large slices. Cancer embolus in intravascular and micro infiltration in mesocolon also could be found., Conclusions: CME operation can get the standard excision according the mesocolic area and integrity, as well as to harvest the maximum number of lymph node. The clinical application of CME is safe and does not increase the risk of operation. Circumferential resection margins can be detected by pathological large slices.