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An adaptive scheduling strategy based on state-action uncertainty bias based Q-learning (SAUBQ-learning) is proposed for adaptive scheduling in knowledgeable manufacturing environment. Aiming at the problem of slow convergence and long training time in conventional Q-learning process, a state-action uncertainty measure is defined by information entropy, on the basis of which a Q-learning action bias information function is defined. The bias information is integrated into Q-learning system by designing heuristic Q-learning reward function, and the optimal strategy invariance and convergence of SAUBQ-learning are proved. In learning process, search space is adjusted by bias information, the effective state-action number explored by Q-learning is reduced. Furthermore, the bias information is also continually updated by Q-learning results, and misleading Q-learning process is avoided. Simulation experiment results indicate that the strategy has better adaptive feature in dynamic environment and the feature of converging quickly in large state space, and improves the efficiency of scheduling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To understand the differences in the demand,preference,and tendency for elderly care services between urban and rural areas in the Pearl River Delta (PRD),and to provide reference for the planning and balanced allocation of elderly care resources in urban and rural areas. Methods Using the multi-stage stratified random sampling method,we selected 7 community health service centers in 2 prefecture-level cities in the PRD and conducted a questionnaire survey on the elderly care service demand,preference,and tendency among 1919 regular residents aged 60 years and above who attended the centers. Results A total of 641 urban elderly residents (33.4%) and 1278 rural elderly residents (66.6%) were surveyed in the PRD.The urban and rural elderly residents showed differences in the child number ( χ 2 =43.379, P <0.001),willingness to purchase socialized elderly care services ( χ 2 =104.141, P <0.001),and attitudes to the concept of raising child to avoid elderly hardship ( χ 2 =65.632, P <0.001).The proportion (71.8%) of rural elderly residents who prefer family-based elderly care was higher than that (57.1%) of urban elderly residents ( χ 2 =41.373, P <0.001).The proportion (62.2%) of urban elderly residents clearly expressing their willingness to choose institutions for elderly care was higher than that (44.0%) of rural elderly residents ( χ 2 =57.007, P <0.001).Compared with family-based elderly care,the willingness to choose institutional or community-based in-house elderly care was low among the urban elderly residents with surplus monthly household income or balanced income and expenditure;urban males,those with college education background or above,and those who purchased socialized elderly care services tended to prefer community-based in-house elderly care.In rural areas,the elderly residents who had local household registry were prone to choose institutional or community-based in-house elderly care,while those who had more than one child and those who were satisfied with the current living conditions were less willing to choose community-based in-house elderly care. Conclusions It is suggested that the urban-rural differences in the elderly care service demand,preference and tendency should be fully considered in the planning and allocation of urban and rural elderly care resources.Efforts remain to be made to develop diversified social elderly care services tailored to the characteristics of urban and rural areas.

Objective To compare the functional status of diabetic patients with and without nephropathy and identify the items that diabetic patients with nephropathy are more likely to develop dysfunction than diabetic patients without nephropathy based on the international classification of functioning,disability and health rehabilitation set(ICF-RS).Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted.A total of 320 diabetic patients hospitalized in Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from August 2021 to February 2022 were selected and assigned into a group with nephropathy and a group without nephropathy.The general characteristics,clinical examination,and laboratory findings were compared by the t test,rank sum test,and Chi-squared test.The functional status of the patients was compared between the two groups by the t test based on the ICF-RS.Logistic regression was employed to control interferential factors between the two groups and identify the association between nephropathy and ICF-RS problematic items among diabetic patients.Results The diabetic patients with nephropathy had more problematic items in ICF-RS( P <0.001),the body function dimension( P =0.003),the activity dimension( P <0.001),and the participation dimension( P <0.001)than those without nephropathy.Moreover,the diabetic patients with nephropathy experienced severer problems in 5 body function items(energy and drive functions,sleep functions,sexual functions,exercise tolerance functions,and muscle power functions),10 activity items(transferring oneself,walking,moving around using equipment,moving around,washing oneself,caring for body parts,toileting,dressing,doing housework,and looking after one's health),and 4 participation items(using transportation,assisting others,basic interpersonal interactions,and recreation and leisure)(all P <0.05).The Logistic regression results showed that compared with the diabetic patients without nephropathy,the diabetic patients with nephropathy were more likely to develop problems in energy and drive functions( aOR =4.35,95% CI =1.28-14.79, P =0.019),emotional functions( aOR =1.88,95% CI =1.06-3.34, P =0.031),sexual functions( aOR =3.39,95% CI =1.82-6.34, P <0.001),moving around( aOR =3.11,95% CI =1.76-5.52, P <0.001),doing housework( aOR =17.48,95% CI =3.57-85.60, P <0.001),looking after one's health( aOR =1.97,95% CI =1.13-3.43, P =0.017),using transportation( aOR =2.59,95% CI =1.38-4.88, P =0.003),and recreation and leisure( aOR =2.52,95% CI =1.46-4.35, P <0.001).Conclusion Compared with the diabetic patients without nephropathy,the patients with nephropathy suffer more ICF-RS problematic items and are more likely to develop dysfunction in certain items in all the three dimensions.