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Alaqitudong copper deposit is located in the Langshan metallogenic belt, which is a newly discovered copper deposit in recent years. Through the systematic study of primary geological prospecting data and geochemical analysis means, the geological characteristics of ore deposits and orebodies were analyzed, the genesis of ore deposits was discussed, and prospecting potential was analyzed. It has guiding and reference significance for prospecting in this area and its periphery. Research indicated that the deposit was controlled by the second lithologic section (Jxa²) of Agulugou formation, Zhaertaishan group, mesoproterozoic, orebody in silicified quartzite, quartz schist, alayered, the stratoid roughly bedding stratified output, affected by the late metamorphism and tectonic compression, bending along the strike and the tendency to form ore bodies crumpled, and formation and seam "reverse" phenomenon. Through the restoration of metamorphic rocks, it indicated that the surrounding rocks of the ore-bearing rocks were sedimentary sandstones, and the ore deposit was considered to be a sandstone type copper deposit, which was enriched by metamorphism and magmatic transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the fact that the airflow of the air duct outlet in fully mechanized heading face cannot be adjusted and cannot meet the practical requirement of ventilation dust suppression may lead to the steep rise of safety hazard and pollution risk. While by adjusting the angle, caliber, and the distance from the air duct outlet to the heading face, the dust distribution can be optimized and the dust suppression efficiency can be effectively improved. The acquisition method of regulation rules under different sizes of the roadways, the angles, calibers, and distance from the air duct outlet to the heading face is investigated by using the rough set theory, finite element flow field numerical simulation and underground test verification. Then, the decision information system, the discernibility matrix algorithm for attribute reduction and the heuristic value reduction algorithm for rule acquisition are established, and the regulation rules of the outlet parameters are obtained and expressed. The dust concentration analysis after adjusting shows that the area of the dust concentration is significantly reduced and the dust reduction rate at drivers can be increased by 48% compared with the original field, which provides theoretical basis for the optimal dust distribution and dust sup pression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the clinical characteristics, surgical management and treatment results of type Ⅰto type Ⅳ external auditory canal cholesteatoma（EACC）. Method: One hundred and forty-nine patients（150 ears） with EACC underwent different surgical approach according to the classification of EACC and the lesion range: ① 44 ears: external auditory canal lesion resection with or without reconstruction of external auditory canal ② 23 ears: external auditory canal lesion resection with reconstruction of external auditory canal and the tympanoplasty（TypesⅠto Ⅲ）; ③ 32 ears: external auditory canal lesion resection with reconstruction of external auditory canal and modified mastoidectomy and reconstruction of the posterior wall of external auditory canal; ④ 28 ears: external auditory canal lesion resection with reconstruction of external auditory canal and tympanoplasty（Types Ⅰ to Ⅲ） and modified mastoidectomy and reconstruction of the posterior wall of external auditory canal; ⑤12 ears: canal wall down mastoidectomy （CWD） with plasty of the cavity of auricular concha; ⑥ 11 ears: epitympanum dectomy and reconstruction with tympanoplasty. Result: In the 150 ears, there were 38 ears classified as Type Ⅰ, 52 as Type Ⅱ, 58 as Type Ⅲ and 2 as Type Ⅳ based on the Shin classification. All patients were followed up for more than half a year. The postoperative outcomes were satisfactory with low rate of cholesteatoma recurrence and the hearing was improved to varying degrees. Conclusion: Base on the variety of lesions, the surgical treatment method of choice depends on the extent of the lesion. Effective postoperative follow-up can reduce recurrence and avoid the second operation., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Objective: To evaluate the CT the characteristics of dehiscent sigmoid plate accompanied with pulsatile tinnitus (PT)., Methods: Dual phase contrast enhancement CT data of 15 PT patients were analyzed retrospectively., Results: Dehiscent sigmoid plate was located on the same side of PT in all patients. Thirteen defects had been showed in both CT images and surgery. Among of them, eight defects located on the descending segment, 3 on the superior curve, and the other 2 defects involved the superior curve and descending segment of sigmoid sinus simultaneously. The maximum anteroposterior and vertical diameters of defect measured in CT images were significant larger than that measured during surgery. There were still 5 defects showed in CT images, which did not been found during surgery. Among 9 patients with unilateral dominant brain venous systems, all the dehiscent sigmoid plates were seen on the dominant side. The other 2 patients showed co-dominant brain venous systems, whose the dehiscent sigmoid plates were on the left side. In addition, extensive pneumatized temporal bone filled with air was found in all patients., Conclusion: Dehiscent sigmoid plate commonly located on the anterior, lateral, or anterolateral wall of the superior curve or descending segment of the sigmoid plate, which usually coexist with the strong unilateral dominant brain venous system and extensive temporal bone pneumatization.

Objective: We aimed to compare the characteristics between lentivirus and adenovirus vector mediated gene transfer into cultured spiral ganglion cells (SGCs)., Method: SGCs from newborn rats were cultured and exposed to lentivirus-GFP and adenovirus-GFP vectors. GFP expression and the cell morphology were evaluated under epi-fluorescence microscope at 3 days and 7 days after exposure. Survival number of SGCs was counted, and the average percentage of SGCs with GFP expression was calculated, and axon length was measured by ImageJ software., Result: Cultured SGCs were transfected by either adenovirus or lentivirus vector successfully. The adenovirus vector presented an instant and efficient transfection. However, the expression of GFP went down after 7 days. In lentivirus-GFP group, GFP expression was detected at 7 days after exposure, and the number of cells with GFP expression increased gradually in the following days. Statistical analysis revealed that there were no differences in survival number of SGCs and average axon length among lentivirus-GFP group, adenovirus-GFP group and control group., Conclusion: Cultured SGCs can be transfected by either lentivirus vector or adenovirus vector safely and efficiently. SGCs are more susceptible to adenovirus vector, but GFP persists for a longer period after the lentivirus-mediated gene transfer.

Objective: To observe the changes of auditory electrophysiology and inner ear pathology in rat cochlea after the noise exposure, and to offer the experimental data for exploring the mechanism of noise-damaged cochlea., Method: The rats in the study group were exposed to a intense narrow band noise centered at 4 kHz at the leave of 120 dB (SPL) for 4 h. The exposed cochleae were collected at various intervals (1 or 21 days) after the noise exposure. Auditory function was monitored by measuring thresholds of auditory brain stem responses (ABR). The morphological changes in rat cochlear hair cell (HC) were examined by HC nuclei stained with Propidium iodide (PI), a fluorescent dye specifically labelling the nuclear DNA and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The number of spiral ganglion cells was calculated using pathologic technique., Result: The thresholds of ABR in the study group were significantly greater than that in the normal control group (P < 0.01). Examined at 1 day after the noise exposure, normal, apoptosis, necrotic and missing out hair cell (OHC) could be distinguished with PI staining, whereas the apoptosis OHC were not found at 21 days. Significant OHC loss was found in as compared to the normal control group (P < 0.01). There was not significant difference in the calculation of spiral ganglion cells (P > 0.05). SEM revealed the injured stereocilia of OHC (disarrangement, collapse) and OHC loss in the study group, which was more severe in OHC3 than the other two rows of OHC., Conclusion: The intense noise used in our study could injure the rat cochlea and bring permanent threshold shift (PTS). Under this condition, the death modes of HC in the cochlea include apoptosis and necrosis in the fore part, whereas necrotic is the major mode in the evening of exposure. The injured stereocilia of OHC and OHC loss could remain the most consistent correlate of PTS.

Objective: To purify P0 protein from guinea pig's inner ear by preparative SDS-PAGE and study the possible role it may play in the etiology of autoimmune inner ear disease., Method: A mixture of membraneous proteins of inner ear was separated by preparative SDS-PAGE. The corresponding band at 30kd was cut and electrically eluted. The protein collected was identified by analytical SDS-PAGE and Western blot assay. A group of 20 guinea pigs were immunized with P0 protein emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant, another 10 guinea pigs were immunized with complete Freund 's adjuvant only as control. The guinea pigs' hearing thresholds, serum IgG level and morphological changes in the inner ear were investigated. The distribution of P0 protein in the cochlear was detected by immunohistochemical technique., Result: The purity of the protein was demonstrated by a single band at the 30 kD site in SDS-PAGE, which was identified as P0 protein by western blot analysis assay. About 17.5% P0-immunized guinea pigs showed increased hearing thresholds, elevated IgG level (F =6.48, P <0. 01), as well as a decreased number of spiral ganglion cells and inflammatory cell infiltration in the cochlear nerve region. The P0 protein is distributed in the cochlear nerve and spiral ganglion only., Conclusion: P0 protein from guinea pig's inner ear can be successfully purified by preparative SDS-PAGE and an animal model of experimental autoimmune inner ear disease induced by P0 protein is successfully established.

Objective: To improve the possibility of diagnosis of the Mondini dysplasia., Method: The clinical manifestation and the examination of CT and MRI and surgical treatment of the Mondini dysplasia were discussed., Result: Because Mondini dysplasia with cerebrospinal fluid leak would occur recurrent meningitis, the patients were often difficult to be diagnosed. Especially. if the defect was unilateral, it was frequently unrecognized., Conclusion: The patients with recurrently unclear cerebrospinal fluid leak and meningitis would be suspected. The diagnosis of the disease is based on the examination of the temporal bone CT and MRI. To the patients with cerebrospinal fluid leak, a transtympanic closure is one of very effective management.