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The waverider has good aerodynamic performance in hypersonic flight,however its performance is difficult to maintain when it deviates from the design state. In order to maintain good aerodynamic performance in both low and hypersonic velocity,related researchers took the advantages of the planform-controllable waverider and put forward the“vortex lift”waverider. In this paper,the three types of vortex lift waveriders design method,namely the fixed leading edge profile method based on the osculating cone theory,the shock generating body method based on the shock-fitting method,and the projection method based on the given shock surface are summarized.The relevant research on the aerodynamic characteristics of the vortex lift waverider in the wide speed range is also reviewed,and some suggestions are put forward to the following research of vortex lift waveriders.

Objective: To observe the effects of moxibustion at "Baihui" (GV 20) and "Dazhui" (GV 14) at different time points on the serum level of β-endorphin (β-EP), substance P (SP) and expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein in brainstem in rats with migraine, and to explore the effect and mechanism of moxibustion in preventing and treating migraine., Methods: Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a prevention+treatment (PT) group and a treatment group, 10 rats in each group. Except the blank group, the rats in the remaining groups were injected with nitroglycerin subcutaneously to prepare migraine model. The rats in the PT group were treated with moxibustion 7 days before modeling (once a day) and 30 min after modeling, while the rats in the treatment group were treated with moxibustion 30 min after modeling. The "Baihui" (GV 20) and "Dazhui" (GV 14) were taken for 30 minutes each time. The behavioral scores in each group were observed before and after modeling. After intervention, ELISA method was used to detect the serum level of β-EP and SP; the immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the number of positive cells of IL-1β in brainstem; the Western blot method was used to detect the expression of COX-2 protein in brainstem., Results: Compared with the blank group, the behavioral scores in the model group were increased 0-30 min, 60-90 min and 90-120 min after modeling ( P <0.01); compared with the model group, in the treatment group and the PT group, the behavioral scores were decreased 60-90 min and 90-120 min after modeling ( P <0.01). Compared with the blank group, in the model group, the serum level of β-EP was decreased ( P <0.01), while the serum level of SP, the number of positive cells of IL-1β in brainstem and the expression of COX-2 protein were increased ( P <0.01). Compared with the model group, in the PT group and and the treatment group, the serum level of β-EP was increased ( P <0.01), while the serum level of SP, the number of positive cells of IL-1β and the expression of COX-2 protein in brainstem were decreased ( P <0.01, P <0.05). Compared with the treatment group, in the PT group, the serum level of β-EP was increased and COX-2 protein expression was decreased ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Moxibustion could effectively relieve migraine. The mechanism may be related to reduce the serum level of SP, IL-1β and COX-2 protein expression in brainstem, and increase the serum level of β-EP, and the optimal effect is observed in the PT group.

Objective: To investigate the effects of dandelion polysaccharide on IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway in rats with ulcerative colitis., Methods: Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups ( n =10):control group, model group, positive control group and dandelion polysaccharide group. The ulcerative colitis model was established by treated with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). The positive control group was treated with mesalazine 10 mg/kg·d and dandelion polysaccharide group was treated with dandelion polysaccharide 10 mg/kg·d. The levels of interleukin -6(IL-6), colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) and interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6Rα) were measured after 4 weeks of treatment. The pathological changes of colonic mucosa were observed in rats. The gene expressions of glycoprotein 130 (gp130), transcriptional activator3(STAT3) and IL-6 were detected., Results: Compared with the normal control group, the level of serum IL-6 in the model group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P <0.01). Compared with the model group, the serum levels of IL-6 in the dandelion polysaccharide group and the methacetin group were significantly decreased ( P <0.01). Compared with the model group, the MPO positive density of the rats in the dandelion polysaccharide group and the methacetin group was significantly lower than that in the normal group ( P <0.01). Compared with the model group, the levels of sIL-6Rα and gp130 in the rats were significantly lower than those in the model group ( P <0.01). Compared with the model group, the expressions of STAT3 and IL-6 mRNA in the intestinal tissue of the rats in the dandelion polysaccharide group and the methacetin group were decreased significantly., Conclusions: Dandelion polysaccharide can decrease the level of IL-6 in rats with ulcerative colitis, regulate the expression of sIL-6Rα and gp130 protein in IL-6/STAT3 pathway, and then down-regulate the expressions of STAT3 and IL-6 mRNA in intestinal tissue of rats, alleviate the colon inflammation state, protect and repair the mucosal tissue. Dandelion polysaccharide plays a role in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

Objective: To determine the methods for establishing an in vivo model of long-term hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the Chinese tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis)., Methods: Seventy-seven neonate (1-3 days old) and 49 young adult (2 weeks to 1 year old) tree shrews were inoculated with different HBV sources (chronic hepatitis B (CHB) human patient serum, single or pooled; HBV-infected tree shrew serum, single only; HBV-infected HepG2.2.15 cells' culture medium supernatant; HBV genome-transfected HepG2.2.15 cells' culture medium supernatant) through various routes of injection (subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, and direct liver via abdominal skin; adults also received intravenous and indirect liver via spleen). Serum and liver biopsies were collected from the animals at various time points post-inoculation for detection of HBV markers by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, time-resolved immunofluorescence, Southern blotting, dot blotting, immunohistochemistry, and microscopy., Results: Among the neonatal group of tree shrews, six (7.8%) were confirmed as HBV-infected for more than 72 (up to 228) weeks after inoculation and another seven (9.1%) were suspected of persistent infections. None of the young adult tree shrews developed persistent infection. Inoculation with single-source serum from either CHB humans or tree shrews were responsible for the most cases of infections, and the subcutaneous injection produced more infections than the other inoculation routes. The most reliable methods of determining HBV infection status were detection of serum HBV immunoreactive markers and intrahepatic HBV DNA., Conclusion: In order to establish an in vivo model of CHB in the tree shrew, the animals should be inoculated in the neonatal period using subcutaneous injection.

This paper describes how to estimate the uncertainty when Fe in metallic silicon is determined by ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry). The technique of the averaged moving range (MR) pooled in-statistical-dynamic-monitor is proposed. The study suggests that the uncertainty contribution of ICP-AES measurement system is, by using this technique, a combination of quality control (QC) and linear fit. This conclusion maximized the combination of the effects on various variances, refrained from the complicated relativity, and favored the uncertainty evaluation for ICP-AES measurement system.