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Objective To investigate the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and various obesity indicators, as well as to investigate their predictive value for NAFLD. Methods A total of 3 102 participants who underwent health examinations from April to August 2023 at the Xinshi Street Community Health Service Center in Baiyun District, Guangzhou, and the Junan Community Health Service Center in Shunde District, Foshan, were selected and divided into NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups. Logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI), weight-adjusted waist index (WWI), waist-height ratio (WHtR), waist circumference (WC), and NAFLD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the predictive ability of individual and combined obesity indicators for NAFLD. Results The prevalence of NAFLD in this study was 34.9%. All obesity indicators in the NAFLD group were significantly higher than those in the non-NAFLD group (all P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression results indicated that all obesity indicators were associated with the risk of NAFLD (all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that each obesity indicator could predict the risk of NAFLD (AUC>0.5 for all). Among females, BMI exhibited the best predictive power (P<0.05), while the AUC values for BMI (overall population) and WC (males) were slightly higher than those for the other three indicators, though without statistical significance (P>0.05). Compared to traditional obesity indicators, WWI did not demonstrate superior predictive power (P<0.05). In all populations, combined indicators showed better predictive efficacy than single obesity indicators (P<0.05), and the AUC value for the combined indicators of BMI and WC was slightly higher in all three populations but did not show significant statistical meaning (P>0.05). Conclusion BMI, WC, WHtR, and WWI are associated with the prevalence of NAFLD. The best predictive indicator for females is BMI. The new indicator WWI do not show better predictive ability compared to traditional obesity indicators across the three populations. Combined indicators demonstrate better predictive efficacy than single indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the association between metabolic syndrome (MS)and its components with the risk of stroke incidence. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted to compare the differences in demographic information, behavioral lifestyle, dietary habits, medical history, and MS - related indicators between people with and without stroke. The Cox proportional hazards regression analysis model was used to analyze the association between MS components, their interactions, and the incidence of stroke. Results: Stroke patients had higher age, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG)compared to non - stroke patients. After adjusting for confounding factors, MS, WC, TG, BP, and FPG were all associated with an increased risk of stroke, with abnormal BP showing the strongest association with stroke incidence. There were no multiplicative interaction or additive interactions between WC, TG, BP, and FPG. Conclusion: MS is associated with an increased risk of stroke incidence. WC, TG, BP, and FPG independently contribute to stroke risk, with abnormal BP exerting the greatest impact on stroke incidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the association of 11 anthropometric indicators (AIs) with gastric cancer and precancerous lesions in people aged 40 - 69 years in Yangzhong City. Methods Using the cluster sampling method, 10 698 residents aged 40 - 69 years who participated in upper gastrointestinal cancer screening in Yangzhong City from November 2017 to December 2022 were selected for questionnaire survey, physical examination, endoscopy and pathological diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between AIs [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist - to - hip ratio (WHR), waist - to - height ratio (WHtR), body fat percentage (BF%), conicity index (CI), body adiposity estimator (BAE), a body shape index (ABSI), body adiposity index (BAI), body roundness index (BRI) and abdominal volumetric index (AVI) ] and gastric cancer and precancerous lesions. Results The prevalence of gastric cancer and precancerous lesions was 39. 37% among 10 115 residents. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that compared with those in quartile 1 (QI), the Q3 and Q4 populations of BMI had an 11. 1% (OR = 0. 889, 0. 791 - 0. 999) and 12. 4% (OR = 0.876, 0.779 - 0.984) lower risk of gastric cancer and precancerous lesions, respectively. The Q2, Q3 and Q4 populations of BF% had 14. 2% (OR = 0. 858,0.756 -0. 974),17.4% (OR =0. 826, 0. 689 -0. 991) and 26. 6% (OR = 0. 734, 0. 603 - 0. 893) lower risk of gastric cancer and precancerous lesions risk, respectively. The Q2 and Q4 populations of the BAE had reduced the risk of gastric cancer and precancerous lesions by 13.2% (OR = 0. 868, 0. 766 - 0. 983) and 21. 3% (OR = 0. 787, 0. 648 - 0. 957). The risk of gastric cancer and precancerous lesions in BAI's Q2 and Q3 populations was reduced by 13. 7% (OR = 0. 863, 0. 767 - 0. 970) and 13. 1% (OR = 0. 869, 0. 769 - 0. 983), respectively. Stratified analysis showed that BMI, BF%, BAE and BAI were associated with a reduced risk of non - cardia gastric cancer and precancerous lesions (all P < 0. 05). However, only the Q2 level of BAE was associated with a reduced risk of cardia gastric cancer and precancerous lesions compared to the QI (P <0. 05), Conclusion Increased levels of BMI, BF%, BAE, and BAI among residents aged 40 - 69 years in Yangzhong City are associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer and precancerous lesions. However, most of this association apply to non - cardia but not cardia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the correlation between abdominal obesity and autoimmune thyroid disease in the view point of helper T cells and cytokines. Methods Clinical and laboratory data were collected from 108 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) plus abdominal obesity and 122 patients of Hashimoto's thyroiditis without abdominal obesity who visited the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and also from the control population. Abdominal circumference was measured, and patients in the HT patients were grouped according to whether they were abdominally obese or not. The thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were detected, and the ratio of helper T cells and related cytokines were detected by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The abdominal circumference of the TgAb-positive group was higher than that of the TgAb-negative group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis suggested that abdominal circumference was significantly and positively correlated with TgAb and IL-4 but negatively correlated with Th1. After correcting for gender and age, and abdominal obesity and IL-4 were risk factors for TgAb antibody positivity OR = 3.080 (95% CI: 1.022-9.284) and OR = 1.296 (95% CI: 1.022-9.284), both with P<0.05. Conclusions Abdominal obesity may be an influential factor in TgAb antibody positivity, with larger abdominal circumference having higher TgAb antibody titers, lower Thl levels, and higher IL-4 levels. Visceral adiposity may exacerbate autoimmune damage of thyroid tissue by disruption of helper T cell pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the correlation between abdominal obesity and autoimmune thyroid disease in the view point of helper T cells and cytokines. Methods Clinical and laboratory data were collected from 108 patients with Hashimoto′s thyroiditis (HT) plus abdominal obesity and 122 patients of Hashimoto′s thyroiditis without abdominal obesity who visited the People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and also from the control population. Abdominal circumference was measured, and patients in the HT patients were grouped according to whether they were abdominally obese or not. The thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were detected, and the ratio of helper T cells and related cytokines were detected by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The abdominal circumference of the TgAb-positive group was higher than that of the TgAb-negative group (P＜0.05). Correlation analysis suggested that abdominal circumference was significantly and positively correlated with TgAb and IL-4 but negatively correlated with Th1. After correcting for gender and age, and abdominal obesity and IL-4 were risk factors for TgAb antibody positivity OR=3.080(95% CI:1.022-9.284) and OR=1.296(95% CI:1.022-9.284), both with P＜0.05. Conclusions Abdominal obesity may be an influential factor in TgAb antibody positivity, with larger abdominal circumference having higher TgAb antibody titers, lower Th1 levels, and higher IL-4 levels. Visceral adiposity may exacerbate autoimmune damage of thyroid tissue by disruption of helper T cell pathway.

Background With the improvement of economic level and changes in lifestyle of residents, the obesity among children and adolescents has become increasingly severe, threatening the healthy growth of children and adolescents. BMI was used as an evaluation index of obesity in most previous studies, which may underestimate the prevalence of central obesity. Therefore, it is urgent to evaluate the waist circumference (WC) and trend of the prevalence of central obesity among children and adolescents in Putuo District, in order to provide scientific basis for targeted proposed intervention. Objective To analyze WC and the trend in the prevalence of central obesity among children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in Putuo District, Shanghai, from 2018 to 2023. Methods Data on medical examinations of primary and secondary school students in Putuo District in 2018 and 2020 to 2023 were used to analyze the WC, the prevalence of central obesity and the trends. The 90th percentile (P90) age-specific children and adolescents of different genders was used as the cut-off point of high WC, and WC exceeding the P90 value was defined as central obesity. SPSS 22.0 and SAS 13.1 were used for statistical analysis and Excel 2021 was used for graphic plotting. Results A total of 280 648 primary and secondary school students participated in the medical examination in Putuo District, Shanghai, from 2018 to 2023, of which 146 334 (52.1%) were male students and 134 314 (47.9%) were female students, with an median age of 10.5 (8.7, 12.6) years. WC of male and female students from 2018 to 2023 showed fluctuating downward trends with a statistically significant difference (Hmale=209.785, Hfemale=373.076; P

Objective To analyze the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) among residents in Shenzhen and explore its relationship with different obesity statuses, to provide data support for understanding the prevalence of PAD in China and a basis for formulating prevention and control policies to prevent PAD. Methods From April 2021 to December 2021, a multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select permanent residents aged 18 years or older from 54 community neighborhood committees in Shenzhen as the study population. Data were collected using questionnaires, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. A generalized additive model was fitted and plotted using the R package, and logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between different obesity status groups and PAD. Results Among the 6 230 study subjects, the prevalence of PAD in the study population was 6.21%, and the prevalence of PAD increased with age, with the lowest rate of 4.67% in the 18-<25 age group and the highest rate of 33.33% in the ≥85 age group. In addition, the prevalence of PAD increased with increasing body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference. Analysis of multifactorial logistic regression models showed that both overall obesity (OO) classified by BMI and central obesity (CO) classified by waist circumference may increase the risk of PAD (OO statistic value OR=2.63, 95%CI: 1.97-3.50; CO statistic value OR=2.32, 95%CI:1.79-2.99). When combining BMI and waist circumference classification, compared to those who were neither OO nor CO, individuals who were both OO and CO had a significantly higher risk of PAD (OR=2.61, 95%CI: 1.99-3.44). Conclusions The prevalence of PAD among adults in Shenzhen is not optimistic, and the elderly need additional attention. Both OO based on BMI and CO based on waist circumference are independent risk factors for PAD. The joint use of BMI and waist circumference grouping helps to better classify and manage people at risk of PAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on body composition and glucose metabolism-related indexes in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes and to compare the improvement effect of the two exercise modalities, thereby providing a reference basis for the development of exercise prescription for overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM, WanFang, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of HIIT and MICT interventions on body composition and glucose metabolism-related indicators in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes. The search was conducted from database inception to June 2022. Meta-analysis of outcome indicators was performed using RevMan 5.4. RESULTS: (1) A total of 13 randomized controlled trials with 371 subjects were included, and the overall quality of the included studies was relatively high. (2) There was no significant difference in the improvement of body composition between HIIT and MICT [body mass: weighted mean difference (WMD)=2.44, 95% confidence interval (CI): -3.01-7.89, P > 0.05; body mass index: WMD=0.28, 95%CI: -1.21-1.77, P > 0.05; waist circumference: WMD=2.16, 95% CI: -2.04-6.35, P > 0.05; body fat percentage: WMD=0.47, 95%CI: -2.11-3.05, P > 0.05). (3) The results of subgroup analysis showed that there was a significant difference in body mass and body mass index between the “training cycle ≥ 12 weeks” subgroup and the “training frequency ≤ 3 times/week” subgroup (training cycle ≥ 12 weeks subgroup: WMD=4.25, 95% CI: 0.90-7.59, P=0.01; WMD=2.71, 95%CI: 1.92-3.51, P < 0.000 01; training frequency ≤ 3 times/week subgroup: WMD=5.14, 95%CI: 1.7-8.57, P=0.003; WMD=1.67, 95% CI: 0.66-2.67, P=0.001). (4) The results of sensitivity analysis showed that there was a significant difference in body fat percentage between the HIIT and MICT groups (WMD=2.17, 95% CI: 1.20-3.14, P < 0.000 1), while there was no significant difference in the improvement of glucose metabolism between the HIIT and MICT groups (fasting blood glucose: WMD=0.31, 95% CI: -0.17-0.79, P > 0.05; glycosylated hemoglobin: WMD=0.01, 95% CI: -0.19-0.20, P > 0.05; insulin resistance index: WMD=-0.14, 95%CI: -0.71-0.42, P > 0.05). (5) The results of subgroup analysis showed that fasting blood glucose was significantly different in the subgroup of “training frequency ≤ 3 times/week” (WMD=0.92, 95% CI: 0.25-1.60, P=0.007) and glycosylated hemoglobin was significantly different in the “training frequency > 3 times/week” subgroup (WMD=-0.2, 95% CI: -0.3 to -0.1, P < 0.000 1). CONCLUSION: Overall, there is no significant difference between HIIT and MICT in improving body composition such as body mass, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage as well as improving glucose metabolic indexes such as fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and insulin resistance index in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes. When the training period is ≥ 12 weeks and the training frequency is ≤ 3 times/week, MICT has a better effect on the improvement of body mass as well as body mass index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the effects of clearing the stomach and strengthening the spleen in the treatment of simple obesity on serum neuropeptide Y (NPY) and leptin from the perspective of spleen and stomach. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 86 patients with simple obesity who admitted to Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to January 2022. According to different treatment methods, they were divided into control group and observation group, 43 cases in each group. The control group was given exercise combined with dietary guidance intervention, and the observation group was given clearing stomach and strengthening spleen prescription on the basis of the control group. The clinical efficacy, Chinese medicine symptom score, body fat content, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, serum NPY, leptin and blood lipid levels were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of observation group was higher than that of control group (95.35% vs 69.77%, χ2=9.771, P=0.002). After treatment, the scores of epigastric distensions, nausea and vomiting, bitter, sticky mouth odor and poor stool in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). The body fat content, BMI and waist circumference of observation group were lower than those of control group after treatment （P＜0.05）. After treatment, serum levels of NPY, leptin, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in observation group were lower than those in control group (P＜0.05), while high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in observation group was higher than that in control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Clearing stomach and strengthening spleen has certain curative effect in the treatment of simple obesity, which can effectively reduce body weight, reduce abdominal circumference, relieve symptoms such as poor stool and abdominal distension, reduce serum NPY and leptin levels, and regulate blood lipid.

Objective To investigate associations of changes in waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) with the variation of fasting blood glucose among middle aged and elderly residents with high cardiovascular risk. MethodsTotally 71 758 urban/rural permanent residents aged 35 years or older were recruited at 8 districts/counties of 3 municipalities, Jiangsu province for a baseline survey conducted during 2015 as a part of the ‘Early Screening and Comprehensive Intervention on Cardiovascular Diseases among High-Risk Populations in China’. Out of those residents surveyed, 12 369 individuals with initial records of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and at high-risk of cardiovascular diseases were followed up annually in 2017, 2018, and 2019 to observe changes in their FBG levels over time. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to explore associations of the changes in WC and BMI with the variations of FBG among the participants. ResultsOf the 9 952 participants successfully followed up 3 045 (30.6%), 2 130 (21.4%), and 4 777 (48.0%) had normal WC, pre-central obesity, and obesity and 56 (0.6%), 2 669 (26.8%), 4 540 (45.6%), and 2 687 (27.0%) were assessed as having underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity respectively at the baseline survey. After adjusting for gender, age, education, place of residence, smoking, alcohol drinking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, baseline WC, baseline BMI, and follow-up sequence, the results of GEE analysis revealed that compared to those with normal WC, the participants having declined WC were at a decreased risk of abnormal FBG (odds ratio [OR] = 0.911, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.867 – 0.958) but the participants having elevated WC were at an increased risk of abnormal FBG (OR = 1.070, 95%CI: 1.022 – 1.120); the results also showed that every one centimeter increase in baseline WC and one unit increase in baseline BMI were associated with 0.011 mmol/L (β = 0.027, 95%CI: 0.013 – 0.041) and 0.027 mmol/L (β = 0.027, 95%CI: 0.013 – 0.041) increase in FBG. Further subgroup analysis demonstrated that every one centimeter increase in baseline WC was associated with 0.011/0.010, 0.014/0.005, and 0.007/0.021 mmol/L increase in FBG for the participants being male/female, living in urban/rural regions, and with/without diabetes (all P < 0.001); while, every one unit increase in baseline BMI was associated with 0.030, 0.026/0.024, and 0.031 mmol/L increase in FBG for the participants being female, living in urban/rural regions, and having diabetes, respectively (all P < 0.05). ConclusionThere are positively linear associations of changes in WC and BMI with the variation of FBG among middle aged and elderly populations with high cardiovascular risk.

ObjectiveTo explore the associations of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist to height ratio (WHtR) with dyslipidemia among adult residents in Shaanxi province for developing relevant intervention strategies. Methods Using stratified multistage random cluster sampling, we recruited 6 202 urban and rural permanent residents aged 18 years and above in 10 regions covered by national surveillance on chronic diseases and risk factors in Shaanxi province. Face-to-face interview with the questionnaire for China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance – 2018, physical examination, and laboratory detections were conducted among the participants during May – November, 2018. Partial correlation analysis and unconditional multivariate logistic regression were adopted in analyses on the correlations of BMI, WC, and WHtR with the risk of dyslipidemia. ResultsDyslipidemia were detected in 1 994 (33.04%) of the 6 036 participants completing the survey. Laboratory detections revealed following results: (1) the mean levels (mmol/L) of the participants with underweight or normal weight/overweight/obesity were 4.56 ± 0.89/4.75 ± 0.95/4.79 ± 0.90 for total cholesterol (TC), 1.42 ± 0.99/1.80 ± 1.24/2.14 ± 1.39 for triglyceride (TG); 2.61 ± 0.78/2.79 ± 0.82/2.79 ± 0.81 for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and 1.45 ± 0.37/1.28 ± 0.32/1.17 ± 0.30 for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); (2) the mean levels (mmol/L) of the participants with normal WC/mild central obesity/severe central obesity were 4.52 ± 0.90/4.73 ± 0.89/4.83 ± 0.98 for TC, 1.36 ± 0.96/1.76 ± 1.05/2.08 ± 1.57 for TG, 2.59 ± 0.77/ 2.77 ± 0.79/2.82 ± 0.86 for LDL-C, and 1.46 ± 0.37/1.31 ± 0.33/1.21 ± 0.31 for HDL-C; and (3) the mean levels (mmol/L) of the participants with normal WHtR/obesity were 4.46 ± 0.88/4.76 ± 0.92 for TC, 1.32 ± 0.95/1.83 ± 1.24 for TG, 2.55 ± 0.76/2.78 ± 0.81 for LDL-C, and 1.46 ± 0.37/ 1.29 ± 0.34 for HDL-C, respectively. There were significant differences in levels of TC, TG, HDL-C, and HDL-C among the participants with different BMI, WC, and WHtR (all P < 0.001). Partial correlation analysis showed that BMI, WC, and WHtR were correlated positively with TC, TG and LDL-C but negatively with HDL-C (all P < 0.001). After adjusting for gender, age, education, annual household income per capita, place of residence, smoking, and alcohol drinking, the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the participants with overweight and obesity were at significantly higher risk of dyslipidemia, with the odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [95%CI]) of 1.58 (1.36 – 1.82) and 2.22 (1.79 – 2.74) compared to the participants with underweight/normal weight; the results also showed that the risk of dyslipidemia was significantly higher for the participants with mild central obesity (OR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.23 – 1.81) and severe central obesity (OR = 2.25, 95%CI: 1.79 – 2.83) in comparison with the participants with normal body weight; the dyslipidemia risk was significantly higher (OR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.13 – 1.70) for the participants with the WHtR indicating obesity contrasting to the participants with normal WHtR. ConclusionThe prevalence of dyslipidemia was high among adult residents in Shaanxi province; the dyslipidemia prevalence was closely correlated with BMI, WC, and WHtR and increased with obese conditions.

Objective To investigate the association between different anthropometric parameters and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), aiming to provide scientific evidence for early prevention of T2DM. Methods 299 pairs of T2DM patients and healthy controls were recruited in this case-control study. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and the risk of T2DM. Results After potential confounding factors were adjusted, compared with the healthy BMI group (BMI 18.5-23.9 kg/m²), the odds ratio (OR, 95%CI) in the overweight (BMI 24.0-27.9 kg/m²) and obesity groups (BMI≥28.0 kg/m² ) was 2.35 (1.56-3.57) and 6.47 (2.92-14.33), respectively. Compared with the normal WC（male < 85 cm, female < 80 cm), the OR (95%CI) of T2DM risk in the pre-central（male 85-89.9 cm, female 80-84.9 cm) and central obesity (male ≥ 90 cm, female ≥ 85 cm) groups was 2.99 (1.81, 4.95) and 3.88 (2.43, 6.22), respectively. The risk of T2DM was 4.35 times (95%CI： 2.48-7.64，P < 0.001) higher in the highest WHR group (Q4) and 3.45 times (95%CI： 1.94-6.14，P < 0.001) higher in the highest WHtR group (Q4) compared with those in the lowest WHR and WHtR groups (Q1) . Conclusion Overweight, general obesity, pre-central and central obesity may increase the risk of T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the level of serum fibroblast growth factor 21 ( FGF-21) in adult male obese patients with erectile dysfunction, and explore its clinical significance in adult male obese patients with erectile dysfunction. Methods Eighty obese patients with erectile dysfunction ( ED) in the male outpatient department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were selected as the observation group, 80 obese patients without ED were selected as the obesity group, and 80 healthy people were selected as the control group. The clinical data of the patients were collected and the serum FGF-21 level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results There were significant differences in WHR, waist circumference, SBP, DBP, TG, FPG, FINS, HbAlc, FGF-21 among the three groups (P < 0. 05),compared with the obesity group and the control group, the levels of WHR, waist circumference, FPG, FINS, HbAlc and FGF-21 in the observation group increased (P<0.05) ; the score of IIEF-5 decreased (P <0.05). Compared with the mild group, the levels of WHR, waist circumference, FPG, FINS, HbAlc, FGF-21 in obese patients with ED in the moderate and severe group increased (P <0. 05), and the IIEF-5 score decreased (P <0. 05). The IIEF-5 score of patients in the observation group was negatively correlated with WHR, waist circumference, FPG, FINS, HbAlc and FGF-21 levels (P < 0.05). The level of serum FGF-21 in the observation group was positively correlated with WHR, waist circumference, FPG, FINS and HbAlc (P <0. 05), and negatively correlated with IIEF-5 score (P <0. 05). After controlling for factors such as age, waist circumference, SBP, DBP, TG, FPG, FINS, HbAlc, etc, the partial correlation analysis results showed that; FGF-21 was significantly correlated with the IIEF-5 score ( r = 0. 403, P = 0. 000) . The area under the ROC curve of serum FGF-21 for diagnosing obesity with ED was 0. 873, and the sensitivity was 81. 64%,the specificity was 64.57%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic ( ROC) curve of serum FGF-21 for predicting moderate to severe obesity with erectile dysfunction was 0. 723, and the sensitivity was 77. 46%, the specificity was 62. 47%. Conclusion The level of serum FGF-21 in male obese patients with ED is increased, and it's detection has certain guiding value in the diagnosis of obesity with ED and the evaluation of the severity of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the correlation of waist circumference and its change with hypertension incidence among Chinese residents aged 18 – 65 years for providing evidence to the prevention and control of hypertension. MethodsA prospective dynamic cohort was established among the participants of 7 waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) conducted from 1993 to 2015 across the mainland of China. After screening out pregnant women and those with abnormal waist circumference (< 50 or >150 centimeters [cm]), the study enrolled 9 980 community residents aged 18 to 65 years who had participated in at least two waves of the survey and were not identified as having hypertension at the baseline survey. The study period was from 1997 through 2015. The individual period of follow-up was from the baseline survey to the last follow-up for non-hypertensives; but for hypertensives, the follow-up ended by the identification of hypertension incidence. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the influence of baseline waist circumference and its change on hypertension incidence. ResultsDuring the follow-up among 5 060 male and 4 920 female participants aged 36.88 ± 11.42 years and with a median follow-up of 7 years, totally 3 132 hypertension incidences were observed and the incidence density was 32.60/1 000 person-years; among the participants at the baseline survey with normal waist circumference (< 85 cm for males and < 80 cm for females), pre-obesity (85 – 89 cm for males and 80 – 84 cm for females), and central obesity ( ≥ 90 cm for males and ≥ 85 cm for females), the number (incidence density) of observed hypertension incidence were 1 983 (26.71/1 000 person-years), 496 (45.78/1 000 person-years), and 653 (59.45/1 000 person-years), respectively. After adjusting for sex, age, education, marital status, residence place, smoking, current alcohol consumption, total physical activity level, fat intake ratio, baseline chronic disease, baseline waist circumference, and the year at first and last follow-up, multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression showed that an increase of 1cm in waist circumference was associated with a 1.7% increased risk of hypertension (hazard risk [HR] = 1.017, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.011 – 1.024) and an increase of ≥ 5 cm in waist circumference was associated with a 29.5% increased risk of hypertension (HR = 1.295, 95%CI: 1.130 – 1.484) in comparison to normal waist circumference. The results of restricted cubic spline analysis revealed that the increase of 4.9 cm and higher in waist circumference was correlated with the increased risk of hypertension. In the same way after adjusting for confounding factors listed above, the results of multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression indicated that the risk of hypertension increased by 27.2% (HR = 1.272, 95%CI: 1.117 – 1.449) and 77.5% (HR = 1.775, 95%CI: 1.546-2.038) for all the participants with the waist circumference changed from normal to abnormal level and those with persistent abnormal waist circumference compared with the participants with persistent normal waist circumference; the increased risks were also significant for both male participants (HR = 1.191, 95%CI: 1.004 – 1.412 and HR = 1.485, 95%CI: 1.218 – 1.810) and female participants (HR = 1.374, 95%CI: 1.121 – 1.684 and HR = 2.061, 95%CI: 1.691 – 2.513). ConclusionBoth baseline abnormal waist circumference and increased waist circumference over time can increase the risk of hypertension incidence. Keeping a waist circumference within the normal range with an increase of less than 5 cm is of great significance for the prevention and control of hypertension among adult population.

Background Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a sleep-related disease. Evidence has shown that OSAS may increase the risk of developing arterial stiffness (AS) , but the mechanism of action still needs to be further explored. Objective To explore the mediating effect of waist circumference (WC) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) on the association between OSAS and AS. Methods A total of 1 053 health examinees were selected from Physical Examination Center, the First People's Hospital of Fuquan City from March 23 to November 30, 2022. General demographic data were collected. The risk of OSAS was assessed using the STOP-Bang Questionnaire (high or low risk of OSAS was diagnosed by STOP-Bang score ≥4 points or

Objective By evaluating the correlation of chinese visceral adipose index （CVAI） and obesity-related evaluation indexes with Obstructive sleep apnea（OSA） and analyzing the influencing factors, we aim to screen out the diagnostic indexes of OSA in obesity and evaluate their diagnostic value. Methods A total of 460 obese patients admitted to bariatric surgery were enrolled, they were divided into OSA group and non-OSA group according to apnea hypopnea index （AHI）, All subjects were measured for height, weight, neck circumference（ NC）, waist circumference（WC） and hip circumference（HC）, examined for lipid levels, BMI, waist-to-height ratio（WHtR）, waist-to-hip ratio（WHR） and CVAI were calculated according to the formula, The correlation between these indexes and AHI was analyzed and the influencing factors of OSA were screened out, The diagnostic value was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve （ROC） analysis. Results The prevalence of OSA in this study was 62%, Body weight, BMI, NC, WC, HC, WHtR, CVAI and AHI in OSA group were higher than those in non-OSA group, The lowest oxygen saturation and average oxygen saturation were lower than those in non-OSA group （P < 0.05）. BMI, NC, WC, HC, WHtR, WHR, CVAI were positively correlated with AHI, and the correlation between NC and AHI was the strongest, followed by CVAI. Gender, NC and CVAI were independent influencing factors of OSA.ROC curve analysis showed that the area under curve （AUC） of NC and CVAI were 0.627 and 0.652 respectively. The critical value of NV for male was 47.75 cm, with 64.1% sensitivity and 78.9% specificity, The optimal threshold value for female was 39.75 cm, the sensitivity was 70.6%, the specificity was 51.8%; The critical value of CVAI for male was 266.19, with 67.2% sensitivity and 68.4% specificity, and the optimal critical value for female was 170.54, with 59.7% sensitivity and 75.9% specificity. The AUC value of the combined diagnosis was 0.653, higher than that of the single index, with 73.7% sensitivity and 53.7% specificity. Conclusion CVAI is closely correlated with OSA in obese patients, and can be used as a predictor of OSA in obese patients, the predictive value was higher when combined with NC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The detection rate of hypertension in children and adolescents has increased in recent years, which is a public health problem worthy of attention. At present, there is no research on the prevalence and influencing factors of hypertension among children and adolescents in Hainan Province. Early hypertension in children and adolescents has no obvious clinical symptoms and is not easy to be found. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence, distribution characteristics and influencing factors of hypertension among school students aged 6-18 years in Hainan Province, so as to provide a theoretical basis for early and precise prevention and intervention. METHODS: The health monitoring data of school students in 18 cities and counties in Hainan Province from 2013 to 2020 were collected. A total of 6 253 567 pieces of information were included, including 3 408 734 (54.51%) pieces of information for boys and 2 844 833 (45.49%) pieces of information for girls. The Blood Pressure Reference Standards for Sex, Age and Height of Chinese Children Aged 3-17 Years, the 2018 Revised Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension in China, Screening Cut-Off Values for Overweight and Obesity in School-Aged Children and Adolescents WS_ T586-2018, High Waist Circumference Screening Cut-Off Values for Children and Adolescents Aged 7 To 18 Years WS_T611-2018, and Comprehensive Evaluation of the Developmental Level of Children and Adolescents were used to detect blood pressure of children and adolescents aged 6-17 years, blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference and spirometry index of adolescents aged 18 years. Whether to be abdominal obesity adopts the international recommended criteria, that is, the waist circumference and height ratio ≥ 0.5 is abdominal obesity. Spearman analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the correlation between body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, spirometry index and blood pressure and the risk factors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The distribution of hypertension in school students aged 6-18 years in Hainan Province has the following characteristics: (1) The distribution of hypertension in children and adolescents has regional clustering, and the severity of blood pressure from high to low is in the south, east, west, center, and north. (2) There were significant differences in the degree of hypertension between boys and girls at different ages (P < 0.001). The detection rate of elevated blood pressure in boys after 13 years of age increased significantly than that in girls. The detection rate of stage 1 hypertension in boys increased significantly after 14 years of age. The severity of blood pressure in girls aged 6-13 years was higher than that in boys, and the severity of blood pressure in boys aged 14-17 years was higher than that in girls. (3) Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that female students [odds ratio (OR)=1.185, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.180-1.189, P < 0.001], body mass index (overweight OR=1.144, 95% CI: 1.135-1.154, P < 0.001; obesity OR=1.120, 95% CI: 1.105-1.135, P < 0.001), waist circumference (high normal waist circumference OR=1.053, 95% CI: 1.046-1.061, P < 0.001; high waist circumference OR=1.025, 95% CI: 1.012-1.037, P < 0.001) and waist-to-height ratio (OR=1.286, 95% CI: 1.270-1.303, P < 0.001) were risk factors for hypertension in children and adolescents. Age, spiro-index (middle level: OR=0.956, 95% CI: 0.944-0.968, P < 0.001); middle and upper level: OR=0.869, 95% CI: 0.8588-0.880, P < 0.001; first-class level: OR=0.739, 95% CI: 0.726-0.753, P < 0.001) were protective factors for hypertension in children and adolescents. A higher spirometry index level indicated a lower risk of hypertension in children and adolescents. (4) The above data indicate that the detection rate of hypertension in school students aged 6-18 years is relatively high in Hainan province. Region, year, age, sex, body mass index, waist circumference, abdominal obesity, and spirometry index are all influencing factors for the detection rate of hypertension in children and adolescents. Body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio should be controlled within the normal range in children and adolescents aged 6-18 years. Increasing spirometry index levels is an important tool for blood pressure control in children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effects of obesity on semen quality in preconception males. Method Total of 367 preconception males were recruited at the andrology clinic in the study. Their body mass index（BMI）, waist circumference（WC）, waist-to-hip ratio（WHR）, the parameters of semen quality include routine semen parameters, percentage of normal sperm morphology, sperm DNA fragmentation index（DFI）were measured, and the correlation between the BMI, WC, WHR and parameters of semen quality were comparatively analyzed. Results Among different BMI groups, there were significant differences in forward motility sperm rate（F=4.794,P＜0.05）,and in pairwise comparison analysis, there was a significant difference between normal weight group and obesity group（P＜0.05）,and no significant difference between normal weight group and overweight group, and between overweight group and obesity group（P＞0.05,P＞0.05）. Among different BMI groups, there were significant differences in normal morphology sperm rate（F=4.813,P＜0.05）,and in pairwise comparison analysis, there were significant differences between normal weight group and obesity group（P＜0.05）,and no significant difference between normal weight group and overweight group, and no significant differences between overweight group and obesity group（P＞0.05,P＞0.05）. There were significant differences in DFI among different BMI groups（F=5.371,P＜0.025）,and there were significant differences in pairwise comparison analysis（P＜0.05）. There was no significant difference in sperm concentration among different BMI groups（F=2.316,P＞0.05）. The level of forward motility sperm rate, normal morphology sperm rate in WC≥90 cm group was significantly lower than those in WC＜90 cm group（t=2.366,P＜0.025;t=1.276,P＜0.05）,and DFI was significantly higher than that in WC＜90 cm group（t=2.471,P＜0.025）. There were no significant differences in sperm concentration between two groups. The level of forward motility sperm rate, normal morphology sperm rate in WHR≥0.9 group was significantly lower than those in WHR＜0.9 group（t=2.617,P＜0.005;t=2.423,P＜0.025）,and DFI was significantly higher than that in WC＜90 cm group（t=2.579,P＜0.05）.There were no significant differences in sperm concentration between two groups（t=0.746,P＞0.05）. BMI was negatively correlated with the forward motility sperm rate, normal morphological sperm rate（r=-0.121,P＜0.05;r=-0.128,P＜0.05）and positively correlated with DFI（r=0.119,P＜0.05）. WC was negatively correlated with the forward motility sperm rate, normal morphological sperm rat（r=-0.129,P＜0.05;r=-0.131,P＜0.05）, and positively correlated with DFI（r=0.128,P＜0.05）. WHR was negatively correlated with the forward motility sperm rate, normal morphological sperm rate（r=-0.132,P＜0.05;r=-0.137,P＜0.05）,and positively correlated with DFI（r=0.221,P＜0.01）. Conclusion Obesity may result in the decline of male semen quality. Among three obesity indicators, WHR is the strongest correlation indicator for semen quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the value of triglyceride-glucose index（TyG）, TyG combined with body mass index（BMI）, and TyG combined with waist circumference（WC） in predicting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD） in patients with obstructive sleep apnea（OSA）. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 190 patients who underwent sleep respiratory monitoring and were diagnosed with OSA in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2020 to December 2021, and according to the results of ultrasonography, they were divided into OSA+NAFLD group with 107 patients and control group with 83 patients. The t-test or the Mann Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. The binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors for the development of NAFLD in patients with OSA. The receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve was plotted for TyG, TyG combined with BMI, and TyG combined with WC in predicting NAFLD in the patients with OSA, and the area under the ROC curve（AUC） was calculated. The Z test was used for comparison of AUC. Results Compared with the control group, the OSA+NAFLD group had significantly higher BMI, neck circumference, WC, apnea-hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation index, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, triglyceride, fasting plasma glucose, and TyG and significantly lower age, average SpO2, LSaO2, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（all P<0.05）. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that TyG（odds ratio [OR]=1.961, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-3.73, P=0.04）, BMI（OR=1.203, 95%CI: 1.03-1.41, P=0.020）, and WC（OR=1.074, 95%CI: 1.01-1.14, P=0.026） were independent risk factors for NAFLD in patients with OSA. TyG, TyG combined with BMI, and TyG combined with WC had an AUC of 0.696（95%CI: 0.625-0.760）, 0.787（95%CI: 0.722-0.843）, and 0.803（95%CI: 0.739-0.857）, respectively, in predicting NAFLD in OSA patients, with an optimal cut-off value of 8.72, 0.36, and 0.60, respectively. TyG combined with BMI had a significantly higher value than TyG in predicting NAFLD in OSA patients（Z=2.542, P=0.011）, and TyG combined with WC also had a significantly higher predictive value than TyG（Z=2.976, P=0.002 9）. Conclusion TyG, TyG combined with BMI, and TyG combined with WC have a good value in predicting NAFLD in OSA patients, among which TyG combined with WC has the best predictive value and is thus expected to become a predictor for the risk of NAFLD in OSA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Experimental Technology & Management is the property of Experimental Technology & Management Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Donghua University (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Journal of Donghua University (Natural Science) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate factors related to hypertension and their importance degrees in Kazakhs,from Altay city, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, with different occupations (citizen, farmer, and nomad) for target hypertension prevention. Methods According to the proportions of three occupation populations, 1 668 Kazakhs aged 30 years or older were selected by random cluster sampling from 2012 to 2013, in Hongdun Town, Altay City, Xinjiang. Hypertension related factors were investigated. We used random forest model to explore the factors related to hypertension and their importance degrees in different occupational groups. Results 1 646 participants were included in this study. We ranked the importance of hypertension related factors by feature importance scores. The top five hypertension related factors were waist circumference,triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), body mass index (BMI), and age for citizen; age, LDL-C, total cholesterol (TC), TG, and waist circumference for farmer. Age, BMI, waist circumference, TC, and LDL-C for nomad (feature importance scores＞0.06). The prediction accuracy of random forest models of hypertension for citizen, farmer, and nomad were 0.82, 0.69, and 0.76, respectively. Conclusions In different occupational groups, obesity and blood lipids were related to hypertension in different degrees, so the target of hypertension prevention should be carried out for different occupational groups. With the process of urbanization, urban residents should be well informed to controlling central obesity.

BackgroundIn recent years, Chinese residents have undergone profound changes in dietary habits and lifestyle, and the increasing prevalence rate of central obesity has become one of the major public health problems.ObjectiveTo analyze the changes in waist circumference distribution and central obesity prevalence, and the differences by demographic and socioeconomic factors among Chinese adults aged 18-35 in 15 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) from 1993 to 2018, and to provide evidence for further exploration of etiology and control measures.MethodsBased on the data of nine follow-up rounds of the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1993 to 2018, adults aged 18 to 35 were selected as study subjects. After excluding the records of missing demographic information or abnormal physical measurement data, a total of 16008 subjects were included in this study. Central obesity was diagnosed by WS/T 428—2013 Criteria of weight for adults. Spearman rank test was used to analyze the changes of waist circumference; Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to analyze the trends of central obesity prevalence rate; multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of central obesity in the whole population; subgroup analysis on waist circumference and central obesity prevalence rate was also conducted among participants from the 2018 follow-up survey. survey.ResultsFrom 1993 to 2018, the waist circumference and prevalence rate of central obesity of adults aged 18-35 in 15 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) significantly increased by year (P

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare is the property of Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of China Medical University is the property of Journal of China Medical University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the effects of polyethylene glycol loxenatide on body mass, waist circumference, and visceral fat area (VFA) in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods Ninety obese patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into the loxenatide group (60 cases) and metformin group (30 cases). Patients in the loxenatide group were injected with 0. 2 mg polyethylene glycol loxenatide subcutaneously, once a week. Patients in the metformin group were given 0. 5 g metformin orally, three times a day. Both groups were treated continuously for 8 weeks. The body mass, waist circumference, BMI, VFA, FPG, 2 h PG, HbA1c, blood lipids (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C), liver function (ALT, AST) and gastrointestinal adverse reactions during treatment were compared between the two groups before treatment and 8 weeks after treatment. Results The body mass, waist circumference, BMI and VFA of the loxenatide group after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment (all P<0. 05)；the body mass, waist circumference and BMI of the metformin group after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment (all P<0. 05), while VFA was higher than that before treatment (P>0. 05). Compared with metformin group, the decrease of body mass, waist circumference, BMI and VFA in the loxenatide group were more significant (all P<0. 05). FPG, 2 h PG and HbA1c in the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment (all P<0. 05), but no significant difference was found in the decrease of FPG, 2 h PG and HbA1c between the two groups (P>0. 05). After treatment, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, ALT and AST in the loxenatide group were significantly lower than those before treatment (all P<0. 05)；HDL-C in the metformin group was significantly lower than that before treatment (P<0. 05), while TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT, and AST were all higher than those before treatment (all P>0. 05)；the decrease of TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT and AST in the loxenatide group was more significant than that in metformin group (P<0. 05), while no significant difference was found in the decrease of HDL-C between the two groups (P>0. 05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups during treatment (P>0. 05). Conclusion Polyethylene glycol loxenatide can significantly reduce body weight, waist circumference and visceral fat in obese patients with type 2 diabetes, and it has better effect than metformin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthropometric indexes play a crucial role in identifying obesity. However, as an internationally commonly used indicator of obesity diagnosis, BMI has limitations in distinguishing lean body mass from fat mass. The weight-adjusted waist index (WWI), a novel anthropometric index, assesses adiposity through standardized waist circumference for weight, which presents an excellent capacity to predict the morbidity and mortality risks of various diseases. However, research on WWI is still in the exploratory stage, and there is a lack of unified standards for using this indicator to determine obesity. In addition, its potential application in children and adolescents also urgently needs to be explored. Therefore, this article comprehensively summarizes and compares the distinctive characteristics between WWI and other obesity-related anthropometric indexes. Bibliometric methods are used to analyze the hotspots and trends of WWI-related research, and we focus on discussing the value of WWI in predicting adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, liver and kidney diseases. We aim to promote the application of WWI in a broader field and fully demonstrate its important public health significance and broad application prospects.

Objective: To analyze the correlation between fatty liver index (FLI) and the outcomes of individuals with high normal blood pressure. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, data from the follow-up population of the Beijing branch of the Risk Evaluation of Cancers in Chinese Diabetic Individuals: A Longitudinal (REACTION) study conducted from December 2011 to August 2012 were selected. Obtain indicators such as height, weight, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, 2-h postprandial blood glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glutamyl transpeptidase were measured, and the FLI was calculated. The population with high normal blood pressure was divided into the FLI<30 group (1 822 cases); 30≤FLI<60 group (1 026 cases); and FLI≥60 group (473 cases) based on FLI levels. The blood pressure outcome data from the follow-up survey of this population from April 2015 to September 2015 were collected. Single factor analysis of variance was used for intergroup comparison, and logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between FLI and the outcome of high normal blood pressure in the population. Results: The FLI was an independent influencing factor for their conversion to normal blood pressure (all P< 0.01). Among all observed populations, the likelihood of conversion to normal blood pressure in the 30≤FLI<60 group and FLI≥60 group was 0.63 (95% CI 0.51-0.78) and 0.61 (95% CI 0.45-0.82) of the FLI<30 group, respectively. In the population of 40≤age<60 years, this likelihood was 0.60 (95% CI 0.47-0.76) and 0.57 (95% CI 0.41-0.79), respectively. FLI is not an independent influencing factor for the conversion to normal blood pressure in individuals aged over 60 years ( P =0.161). FLI is an independent risk factor for hypertension (all P <0.05). Among all observed populations and population of 40≤age<60 years and age>60 years, the risk of hypertension in the 30≤FLI<60 group and FLI≥60 group was 1.49 times (95% CI 1.23-1.80) and 1.54 times (95% CI 1.19-1.98); 1.41 times (95% CI 1.13-1.75) and 1.38 times (95% CI 1.04-1.83); and 1.75 times (95% CI 1.22-2.53) and 2.10 times (95% CI 1.24-3.58) of the FLI<30 group, respectively. Conclusions: There is a correlation between FLI levels and future outcomes of individuals with normal high blood pressure. Although people with higher FLI are more likely to develop hypertension, those with higher FLI are also less likely to develop normal blood pressure in the 40≤age<60-year group.

Objective: To investigate the predictive value of neck circumference on cardiometabolic risk in children. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of natural sources. As the prediction cohort, clinical data were collected from 3 443 children aged 5-14 years who underwent physical examination in the Department of Child Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from July 2021 to September 2022. As the validation cohort for external validation, clinical data were collected from 604 children aged 5-14 years who underwent physical examination in the Department of Child Healthcare, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from October 2022 to March 2023. Height, weight, neck circumference, waist circumference and body composition were measured in both groups, and body mass index, neck circumference to height ratio (NHtR), waist circumference to height ratio, body fat percentage and skeletal muscle percentage were calculated. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, blood lipid and uric acid and other cardiovascular and metabolic risk indicators were collected in both groups. The prediction cohort was further stratified into clustered and non-clustered groups based on the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors (CCRF). Various variables between these 2 groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Pearson correlation and binary Logistic regression were conducted to investigate the correlations between neck circumference and cardiovascular metabolic risk factors. The accuracy of NHtR in predicting the CCRF was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC). The cutoff value was determined using the Youden index. The validation cohort was then divided into groups above and below the cutoff value, and the detection rate of CCRF between the 2 groups was compared using the χ 2 test for validation . Results: In the prediction cohort of 3 443 children (2 316 boys and 1 127 girls), 1 395 (40.5%) children were overweight or obese, and 1 157 (33.6%) children had CCRF. Pearson correlation analysis revealed all significant positive correlations (all P <0.01) between neck circumference and systolic blood pressure ( r =0.47, 0.39), diastolic blood pressure ( r =0.27, 0.21), uric acid ( r =0.36, 0.30), and triglycerides ( r =0.20, 0.20) after adjusting for age in both males and females. Among both males and females, neck circumference both showed significant negative correlation (both P <0.01) with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( r >0.05). After adjusting for gender, age, and body fat percentage, increased body mass index, neck circumference, or waist circumference increased the risks of hypertension ( r =0.03, -0.03, both P >0.05). After adjusting for gender, age, and body fat percentage, increased body mass index, neck circumference, or waist circumference increased the risks of hypertension ( OR =1.23, 1.39, 1.07, all P <0.001), hyperuricemia ( OR =1.16, 1.23, 1.05, all P <0.001), hypertriglyceridemia ( OR =1.08, 1.16, 1.02, all P <0.01), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( OR =1.10, 1.27, 1.03, all P <0.01), and the CCRF ( OR =1.51, 1.73, 1.15, all P <0.01). The areas under the ROC curves of NHtR in predicting CCRF was 0.73, with sensitivity and specificity at 0.66 and 0.71, respectively. The corresponding optimal cut-off value was 0.21. Validation with 604 children confirmed that the detection of CCRF in the NHtR≥0.21 group was 3.29 times (60.5% (112/185) vs. 18.7% (79/422), χ 2 =107.82, P <0.01) higher compared to the NHtR <0.21 group. Conclusions: Neck circumference is associated with cardiovascular metabolic risks such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperuricemia in children. When the NHtR is ≥0.21, there is an increased likelihood of CCRF.

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Physical Education Institute / Shanghai Tiyu Xueyuan Xuebao is the property of Shanghai Physical Education Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the role of metabolically normal obesity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). Methods From 2011 to 2012, a cross-section survey with 4 757 participants enrolled from four communities in Wenzhou was conducted. Data collection was conducted through questionnaire survey, physical examination, laboratory examination, and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to comprehensively identify the risk factors of NAFLD. Results 1 068 individuals(22.4%) were diagnosed as metabolically healthy obesity. The prevalence of NAFLD was 43.5%. Among the various obesity phenotypes, the proportions ranked from high to low were metabolically unhealthy obese(MUO), metabolically unhealthy nonobese(MUNO), metabolically healthy obese(MHO) and metabolically healthy nonobese(MHNO). Obesity was defined by waist circumference and BMI, the risk of NAFLD in MHO population was 3.38 times(95% CI:2.13-5.37) and 4.69 times(95% CI:3.01-7.16) higher than that of MHNO, respectively. Conclusions MHO is associated with an increased risk of NAFLD in the Chinese population. It is necessary to screen for NAFLD in obese subjects regardless state of metabolic health.

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nutritional Sciences Journal is the property of Nutrition Society of Taiwan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To analyse the glucometabolic state in first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and its influence on with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). Methods A total of 300 cases T2DM patients were included in our hospital from January 2019 to June 2020, and 324 cases first-degree relatives were screened. According to the screening results, the first-degree relatives were divided into diabetes mellitus(DM) group, impaired glucose regulation(IGR) group, normal glucose tolerance(NGT) group. The incidence rate of abnormal glucose metabolism in first-degree relatives were observed.The incidence rate of NAFLD was compared among 3 groups. The waist circumference(WC), body mass index(BMI), and blood glucose indexes[fasting blood glucose(FBG), 2-hour post-meal blood glucose(2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)], islet function indexes[fasting insulin(FINS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR), index of β-cell function in HOMA(HOMA-β)], serum lipid indexes[triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)] were compared among 3 groups. The logistic stepwise regression was used to analyze the impact of various indicators on NAFLD. Results The incidence rate of abnormal glucose metabolism in first-degree relatives were 59.26%(192/324). The incidence rate of NAFLD in first-degree relatives of DM group, IGR group and NGT group were 60.00%(60/100), 41.30%(38/92) and 25.76%(34/132), respectively, with statistica difference among the groups(P <0.05). The proportion of family history of DM,WC,BMI,FBG,2hPG, HbA1c,HOMA-IR,TG,TC and LDL-C level in DM group were significantly higher than those in IGR group and NGT group,IGR group were significantly higher than those NGT group, the differences were statistically significant(P <0.05). The FINS, HOMA-β, HDL-C level in DM group were significantly lower than those in IGR group and NGT group, IGR group were significantly lower than those NGT group, the differences were statistically significant(P <0.05). Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that family history of DM,WC,BMI,FBG,HOMA-IR and TG was the main influencing factors of NAFLD in first-degree relatives of T2DM patients(P <0.05). Conclusion The incidence rate of abnormal glucose metabolism is high in first-degree relatives of T2DM patients, and the incidence rate of NAFLD is higher in first-degree relatives with abnormal glucose metabolism. The family history of DM,WC,BMI,FBG,HOMA-IR, and TG are the main factors affecting the occurrence of NAFLD in first-degree relatives of T2DM patients [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the associations of BMI and waist circumference (WC) with the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its subtypes in adults in China. Methods: The data from the China Kadoorie Biobank were used. After excluding those with cancer, coronary heart disease, stroke, or CKD at baseline survey, 480 430 participants were included in this study. Their body height and weight, and WC were measured at baseline survey. Total CKD was defined as diabetic kidney disease (DKD), hypertensive nephropathy (HTN), glomerulonephritis (GN), chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (CTIN), obstructive nephropathy (ON), CKD due to other causes, and chronic kidney failure. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the associations between exposure factors and risks of outcomes. Results: During a follow-up period of (11.8±2.2) years, 5 486 cases of total CKD were identified, including 1 147 cases of DKD, 340 cases of HTN, 1 458 cases of GN, 460 cases of CTIN, 598 cases of ON, 418 cases of CKD due to other causes, and 1 065 cases of chronic kidney failure. After adjusting for socio-demographic factors, lifestyle factors, baseline prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, and WC and compared to participants with normal BMI (18.5-23.9 kg/m 2 ), the hazard ratios ( HR s) of total CKD for underweight (<18.5 kg/m 2 ), overweight (24.0-27.9 kg/m 2 ), and obese (≥28.0 kg/m 2 ) were 1.42 (95% CI : 1.23-1.63), 1.00 (95% CI : 0.93-1.08) and 0.98 (95% CI : 0.87-1.10), respectively. Stratification analysis by WC showed that BMI was negatively associated with risk for total CKD in non-central obese participants (WC: <85.0 cm in men and <80.0 cm in women) ( HR =0.97, 95% CI : 0.96-0.99), while the association was positive in central obese participants (≥90.0 cm in men and ≥85.0 cm in women) ( HR =1.03, 95% CI : 1.01-1.05). The association between BMI and GN was similar to that of total CKD. BMI was associated with an increased risk for HTN, with a HR of 1.12 (95% CI : 1.06-1.18) per 1.0 kg/m 2 higher BMI. After adjusting for potential confounders and BMI, compared to participants with non-central obesity, the HR s for pre-central obesity (WC: 85.0-89.9 cm in men and 80.0-84.9 in women) and central obesity were 1.26 (95% CI : 1.16-1.36) and 1.32 (95% CI : 1.20-1.45), respectively. With the exception of HTN and CTIN, WC was positively associated with risks for all CKD subtypes. Conclusions: BMI-defined underweight and central obesity were independent risk factors for total CKD, and BMI and WC had different associations with risks for disease subtypes.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of central obesity in Tumushuke city,Xinjiang province,and provide reference basis for local government to take corresponding intervention measures and make policy.Methods A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used.A total of 1 271 permanent residents aged 18 and over were effectively selected as the subjects for the survey in 2014 and 2016.The survey included gender, age, marriage, occupation, ethnicity, type of insurance and the prevalence of chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes.Anthropometrics included waist circumference, height, and weight, etc. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of central obesity,and the OR value and its 95%CI were calculated respectively.Results Among the adult residents of Tumushuke,934 of them were central obese,the central obesity rate was 73.49%.And the central obesity rate of males was 67.85%,lower than that of females (79.39%)(χ²=390.90,P <0.001).Waist circumference and central obesity of male and female increased with the increase of Body mass index(BMI),showing a linear trend (F =287.32,P <0.001).The detection rate of central obesity in smokers was 68.47%, which was lower than that in non-smokers (75.00%,P <0.05).The detection rate of central obesity in diabetic was 88.89%,lower than that in non-diabetes group (73.04%)(P <0.05).The detection rate of central obesity in hypertensive patients was 84.00%,higher than that in non-hypertensive patients (70.91%,P < 0.05).The detection rate of central obesity in people with dyslipidemia was 96.15%,higher than that in people without dyslipidemia (72.52%)(P <0.05).Multivariate logistic regression results showed that age (OR=2.125,95%CI 1.52-2.968),dyslipidemia (OR=6.583,95%CI 1.475-29.381),hypertension (OR= 2.153,95%CI 1.445-3.209),smoking (OR =1.486,95%CI 1.054-2.094),gender (OR =1.895,95%CI 1.389-2.586) were risk factors for central obesity.Conclusion Tumushuke city residents have a high detection rate of central obesity.The rate of central obesity is higher than the national average,the mean waist circumference of male and female is close to or above the cut-off point level of central obesity.Therefore,we should actively carry out prevention and control measures to reduce the obesity rate of residents,and then reduce the incidence of related chronic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we investigated the effect of brown-algae derived L-fucose on obesity and mild constipation in healthy pre-obese Japanese males and females (23 < body mass index < 30 kg/m2). A randomized, 20-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted with 80 participants randomly assigned to test (150 mg/day of L-fucose) or placebo (UMIM-CTR No. 000038725) dietary groups. The visceral fat area was significantly lesser in the L-fucose group than in the placebo group at week 20. Additionally, the subcutaneous fat areas, total fat area, and body weight were significantly lesser in the L-fiicose group than in the placebo group at weeks 4, 8, and 20. Actual values of waist and hip circumference were also significantly lesser in the L-fucose group than in the placebo group throughout the test period. The L-fiicose-containing diet significantly increased the defecation frequency in mildly constipated subjects, but the placebo diet exerted no similar effect. Although a significant difference was observed in magnesium levels between the groups, this was not a safety concern as the fluctuations were within the standard range. Furthermore, no serious adverse effects were noted in any of the subjects. Our findings suggested that brown algae-derived L-fucose was a potential functional food ingredient reducing body fat and improving bowel movement in healthy pre-obese and mildly constipated subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the central obesity of the elderly in China, the waist circumference (WC), waist - hip ratio ( WHR), waist - body ratio ( WSR), body mass index ( BMI), body fat index ( BAI) and relative fat content ( RFM) of 1 000 elderly people aged from 60 to 75 were measured. By using Spearman methods, the correlation between WC and other obesity indexes was analyzed. Furthermore, the value and optimal tangency point of each index in evaluating central obesity were described with ROC curve. It was found that the five obesity indexes were all positively correlated with WC, in which WSR and RFM had the highest correlation ( r > 0. 9 ) . The ROC curve area of greater than 0. 5 of each index showed that they were all valuable in predicting central obesity, among which the areas of RFM and WSR were the largest ( > 0. 9) . The optimal ROC tangency point value of WHR, WSR, BAI, BMI and RFM was 0. 92, 0. 56, 28. 54, 24. 31 and 27. 19, respectively for the male, while was 0. 94, 0. 56, 31. 57, 23. 28 and 39. 90 for the male, respectively. It is concluded that, with WC as the standard, WHR, WSR, BAI, BMI and RFM can be used to evaluate the central obesity of the elderly in China, in which WSR and RFM have the highest reference value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the association between obesity and the risk for all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. Methods: The participants were from a rural community-based T2DM patient cohort in Zhejiang Province. The study used the data collected from baseline survey in 2016 and follow-up until December 31, 2021. A total of 10 310 participants were included, excluding those who were lost in follow-up or had incomplete data in follow-up. According to BMI and waist circumference, the study subjects were divided into 6 groups: low body weight, normal body weight, simple abdominal obesity, simple body obesity, complex overweight and complex obesity. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze hazard ratios ( HR s) of all-cause mortality and their 95% CI s in T2DM patients with different obesity status. Results: The cumulative follow-up period was 57 049.47 person-years with an average follow-up of (5.53±0.89) person-years. During this period, 971 subjects died. The death density was 1 702.03/100 000 person-years. After adjusting for confounders, low-weight patients had a 104% increased risk for all-cause death compared with normal-weight patients ( HR =2.04, 95% CI :1.42-2.92). The risk for all-cause death decreased by 34% ( HR =0.66, 95% CI : 0.53-0.82), 22% ( HR =0.78,95% CI : 0.66-0.92), 38% ( HR =0.62, 95% CI : 0.49-0.78) in the patients with simple body obesity, complex overweight and complex obesity, respectively, there was no significant difference for all-cause death in the patients with simple abdominal obesity alone. In subgroup analysis, the risk of all-cause mortality increased in low-weight T2DM patients of different sexes and ages, the mortality risk in women with complex obesity was 50% lower than that in the women with normal body weight, but there was no significant difference in men in the comparison between complex obesity group and normal body weight group. The risk for all-cause mortality was significantly lower in ≥65 years old patients with simple body obesity, complex overweight and complex obesity than in patients with normal body weight ( HR =0.61, 95% CI : 0.48-0.78; HR =0.76, 95% CI : 0.63-0.91; HR =0.56,95% CI : 0.42-0.73), there was no significant difference in the patients aged <65 years. There was no significant change in sensitivity analysis. Conclusions: There was an "obesity paradox" in the risk for all-cause mortality in T2DM patients. The risk of all-cause mortality in the low-weight patients was significantly higher than that in normal-weight patients, and the risk for death in the patients with simple body obesity or complex overweight and obesity were significantly lower.

Objectives: The obesity rate among middle-aged and young adults in China is increasing annually, and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases is becoming more prevalent in younger populations. However, it has not yet been reported whether obesity is associated with early vascular aging (EVA). This study aims to explore the correlation between obesity and EVA in middle-aged and young adult health check-up populations, providing a reference for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases., Methods: A total of 15 464 middle-aged and young adults aged 18-59 who completed brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) test in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January to December 2020 were included. Among them, 1 965 individuals with normal blood pressure and no cardiovascular risk factors were selected as the healthy population. The baPWV thresholds for determining EVA in each age group for males and females were calculated based on the baPWV values of the healthy population. The number and percentage of individuals meeting the EVA criteria in the middle-aged and young adult health check-up populations were statistically analyzed by age and gender. The differences in obesity indicators [visceral adiposity index (VAI), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC)] between the EVA and non-EVA groups for males and females were compared. Using EVA as the dependent variable, VAI, BMI, and WC were included as independent variables in a Logistic model to analyze the correlation between each obesity indicator and EVA before and after adjusting for other influencing factors. Furthermore, the correlation between each obesity indicator and EVA in each age group was analyzed., Results: In the health check-up populations, the detection rate of EVA in different age groups was 1.65%-10.92% for males, and 1.16%-10.50% for females, the detection rate of EVA increased with age in both males and females. Except for the 40-<50 age group, the EVA detection rate was higher in males than in females in all other age groups. Regardless of gender, obesity indicators VAI, BMI, and WC were significantly higher in the EVA group than in the non-EVA group (all P <0.01). Before and after adjusting for other influencing factors, VAI and WC were both correlated with EVA (both P <0.05). BMI was a risk factor for EVA before adjusting for other influencing factors ( P <0.01), but after adjustment, the correlation between BMI and EVA was not statistically significant ( P =0.05). After adjusting for other influencing factors, the correlation between VAI and EVA was statistically significant in the 18-<40 and 50-<60 age groups (both P <0.05), while the correlation between BMI and WC with EVA was not statistically significant (both P >0.05). In the 40-<50 age group, the correlation between VAI and BMI with EVA was not statistically significant (both P >0.05), but the correlation between WC and EVA was statistically significant ( P <0.01)., Conclusions: VAI is closely related to the occurrence of EVA in middle-aged and young adults aged 18-<40 and 50-<60 years, while WC is closely related to the occurrence of EVA in those aged 40-<50 years.

Objective: To explore the association between waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and sarcopenic obesity (SO) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients with normal body mass index (BMI). Methods: A multicenter and cross-sectional study that included adult patients undergoing MHD was conducted in 20 hemodialysis centers from June 1 st to August 30 th , 2021. Body composition was evaluated by body composition monitor based on bioimpedance spectroscopy. According to the quartiles of WHtR, patients were divided into four groups: Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 group. The association of WHtR with SO was determined by multiple logistic regression models, stratified analyses, interactive analyses, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, respectively. Results: A total of 2 207 MHD patients (1 341 males and 866 females) were included, and aged [ M ( Q 1 , Q 3 )] 57 (44, 68) years. The prevalence of SO was increased with increasing quartiles of WHtR [8.6% (46/533), 22.5% (141/628), 35.4% (215/608), and 44.3% (194/438) for Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 group, respectively]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that WHtR was associated with SO. The association remained statistically significant even after adjusting for age, gender, dialysis vintage, BMI, biochemical indicators, and various medical histories. Compared with Q1 group, the odds ratios ( OR ) were 2.54 (95% CI : 1.69-3.83), 4.30 (95% CI : 2.88-6.42) and 5.18 (95% CI : 3.37-7.96) for Q2, Q3 and Q4 group, respectively. The interaction analysis showed that age, sex and history of diabetes had interactive roles in the association between WHtR and SO (all P <0.05). The association stably existed across subgroups, and it was more obvious in male patients, those with older age and without a history of diabetes（all P <0.05）. Furthermore, the cut-off value of WHtR identifying SO in male patients was 0.49, and the corresponding area under the curve (AUC) was 0.73 (95% CI : 0.70-0.75), with the sensitivity of 72.7% and specificity of 60.3%. In female patients, the cut-off value was 0.51, and the AUC was 0.68 (95% CI : 0.65-0.71), with the sensitivity of 70.1% and specificity of 57.8%. Conclusion: WHtR could be used as a simple index to evaluate the risk of SO in MHD patients with normal BMI.

Objective: To analyze the association between waist circumference (WC) and ischemic stroke (IS). Methods: The data for the present study were from the prospective cohort study of China Kadoorie Biobank in Qingdao. Using baseline information and IS events of the participants, the Cox proportional hazard regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to analyze the association between WC and IS. Results: A total of 33 355 participants were included in the study, with 302 008.88 person-years of follow-up. A total of 1 093 new cases of IS were observed. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis showed that compared to the respondents with normal WC (male <85.0 cm, female <80.0 cm), respondents with excessive WC (male ≥85.0 cm, female ≥80.0 cm) had a 78% higher risk of IS incidence [hazard ratio( HR )=1.78, 95% CI : 1.51-2.10], and the risk increased by 72% ( HR =1.72, 95% CI : 1.40-2.12) and 83% ( HR =1.83, 95% CI : 1.40-2.39) in men and women. According to the RCS, the increase in WC and the risk of IS showed an "S" trend of nonlinear dose-response relationship. Conclusions: The risk of IS would increase with the WC. Keeping a normal WC is important for preventing IS.

Objective: To investigate the association of urinary cadmium level with body mass index (BMI) and body circumferences among the older adults over 65 years old in 9 longevity areas of China. Methods: Subjects were older adults over 65 years old from the Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study (HABCS) between 2017 and 2018 conducted in 9 longevity areas in China. A total of 1 968 older adults were included in this study. Information including socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyles, diet intake, and health status was collected by using questionnaires and physical examinations. Urine samples were collected to detect urinary cadmium and creatinine levels. Body circumferences included waist circumference, hip circumference and calf circumference. Subjects were divided into three groups (low:<0.77 μg/g·creatinine, middle:0.77-1.69 μg/g·creatinine, high:≥1.69 μg/g·creatinine) by tertiles of creatinine-adjusted urinary cadmium concentration. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the association of creatinine-adjusted urinary cadmium level with BMI and body circumferences. The dose-response relationship of creatinine-adjusted urinary cadmium concentration with BMI and body circumferences was analyzed by using restrictive cubic splines fitting multiple linear regression model. Results: The mean age of subjects was (83.34±11.14) years old. The median (Q 1 , Q . The mean values of waist circumference, hip circumference, and calf circumference were (85.42±10.68) cm, (92.67±8.90) cm, and (31.08±4.76) cm, respectively. After controlling confounding factors, the results of the multiple linear regression model showed that for each increment of 1 μg/g·creatinine in creatinine-adjusted urinary cadmium, the change of BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and calf circumference in the high-level group was -0.28 (-0.37, -0.19) kg/m 3 ) <0.001) and negative linear associations of creatinine-adjusted urinary cadmium with waist circumference ( 2 . The mean values of waist circumference, hip circumference, and calf circumference were (85.42±10.68) cm, (92.67±8.90) cm, and (31.08±4.76) cm, respectively. After controlling confounding factors, the results of the multiple linear regression model showed that for each increment of 1 μg/g·creatinine in creatinine-adjusted urinary cadmium, the change of BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and calf circumference in the high-level group was -0.28 (-0.37, -0.19) kg/m 2 , -0.74 (-0.96, -0.52) cm, -0.78 (-0.96, -0.61) cm, and -0.20 (-0.30, -0.11) cm, respectively. The restrictive cubic splines curve showed a negative nonlinear association of creatinine-adjusted urinary cadmium with BMI ( P nonlinear Urinary cadmium level is significantly associated with decreased BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference and calf circumference among older adults over 65 years old in 9 longevity areas of China.P linear <0.001), hip circumference ( P linear <0.001), and calf circumference ( P linear <0.001). Conclusion: Urinary cadmium level is significantly associated with decreased BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference and calf circumference among older adults over 65 years old in 9 longevity areas of China.

Objective To observe the effect of whole course high-quality nursing combined with Chinese medicine umbilical application on symptom improvement and quality of life of patients with cirrhotic ascites. Methods Ninety patients with cirrhosis and ascites admitted to Nanping People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Chinese Medicine from February 2019 to June 2020 were selected as the research subjects. According to the different treatment regimens, the patients were divided into two groups, with 45 cases in the observation group and 45 cases in the control group. The control group was given conventional treatment and nursing intervention, and the observation group was given whole-course high-quality nursing combined with Chinese medicine umbilical application on the basis of the control group. Clinical effects of the two groups were observed, and 24 h urine volume, abdominal circumference, quality of life and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of observation group was 97. 78%, which was significantly higher than 77. 78% of the control group (P < 0. 05). After one month of treatment, the abdominal circumference of the observation group was significantly smaller than that of the control group, and the 24 h urine volume was significantly higher than that of the control group (both P < 0. 05). The quality of life scores of the two groups were significantly increased (both P < 0. 05), and the observation group was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0. 05). The nursing satisfaction of observation group was 95.56%, which was significantly higher than 75.56% of the control group (P < 0. 05). Conclusion The whole course high-quality nursing combined with umbilical application of Chinese medicine can improve the total effective rate, relieve the symptoms and improve the quality of life of patients with cirrhosis ascites, which has certain clinical effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of the four anthropometric indexes, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-height ratio (WHtR), on the insulin resistance (IR) of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: Retrospective analysis of 754 PCOS patients of childbearing age, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), diagnostic test and binary logistic regression analysis were included in this study. Results: ① The BMI,WC,WHR，WHtR and the homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistence index (HOMA-IR) in the PCOS with IR group were higher than those in the PCOS with non-IR group (all P＜0.05). ②The AUCs of ROC curves of BMI, WC, WHR and WHtR were 0.768, 0.769, 0.739 and 0.768. The optimal cutoff values of BMI, WC, WHR and WHtR for the prediction of IR in PCOS patients were 26.33 kg/m2, 81.15 cm, 0.85 and 0.53, respectively. ③The binary logistic regression analysis showed that BMI and WHR were risk factors of IR in PCOS patients. The risk of IR in PCOS patients with BMI≥26.33 kg/m2 was 5.189 times higher than that in PCOS patients with BMI＜26.33 kg/m2; and the risk of IR in PCOS patients with WHR≥0.85 was 1.903 times higher than that in PCOS patients with WHR＜0.85. The predictive value of BMI plus WHR was better than any one indicator (AUC of ROC curve was 0.778). Conclusions: Anthropometric indexes have predictive value for the IR of PCOS. WC or WHR can be used to predict IR in PCOS patients with abdominal obesity, and BMI can be used in PCOS patients with systemic obesity. The predictive value of BMI plus WHR is better. When BMI≥26.33 kg/m2 and/or WHR≥0.85, the risk of IR is significantly increased. The appropriate weight management in those obese PCOS patients will reduce their risk of IR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To compare the efficacy of dapagliflozin versus sitagliptin in overweight and obese type 2 diabetic patients with poor blood glucose control using insulin therapy. Methods A total of 98 patients with body mass index >24 kg / m2, waist circumference (male>90 cm and female>85 cm), glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥8% were enrolled from October 2017 to April 2018 in metabolic management center of Tianjin 4th Central Hospital. All subjects were randomly assigned to receive additional dapagliflozin 10 mg (n=48) or sitagliptin 100 mg once a day (n=50) in a 24-week study. 11 patients withdrew from the study. HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, 2 h postprandial plasma glucose, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, and daily insulin dosage were assessed and checked at baseline and 24th week. Paired t test was used for comparison before and after treatment in the same group, and independent sample t test was used for comparison between groups. Results A total of 87 patients (dapagliflozin group 42 vs sitagliptin group 45) completed the survey. Compared to the baseline, after 24-week treatment, the HbA1c decreased between dapagliflozin group and sitagliptin group had statistical significance [(2.27±0.85)% vs (1.75±1.50)%, t=2.031, P<0.05]. The daily insulin dosage decreased between dapagliflozin group and sitagliptin group had statistical significance [(36.1±11.2) vs (41.1±12.8) U, t=2.163, P<0.05]. The proportion of patients without gain waist circumference was 78.6% in dapagliflozin group and 48.9% in sitagliptin group (χ2=8.231, P<0.01). Conclusion Dapagliflozin and sitagliptin applied to patients with inadequately glycemic controlled and overweight or obese patients with insulin therapy can beneficial to regulate glucose. Dapagliflozin is superior on glucoce control and drop of waist circumference and daily insulin dosage to sitagliptin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]