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OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on body composition and glucose metabolism-related indexes in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes and to compare the improvement effect of the two exercise modalities, thereby providing a reference basis for the development of exercise prescription for overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM, WanFang, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of HIIT and MICT interventions on body composition and glucose metabolism-related indicators in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes. The search was conducted from database inception to June 2022. Meta-analysis of outcome indicators was performed using RevMan 5.4. RESULTS: (1) A total of 13 randomized controlled trials with 371 subjects were included, and the overall quality of the included studies was relatively high. (2) There was no significant difference in the improvement of body composition between HIIT and MICT [body mass: weighted mean difference (WMD)=2.44, 95% confidence interval (CI): -3.01-7.89, P > 0.05; body mass index: WMD=0.28, 95%CI: -1.21-1.77, P > 0.05; waist circumference: WMD=2.16, 95% CI: -2.04-6.35, P > 0.05; body fat percentage: WMD=0.47, 95%CI: -2.11-3.05, P > 0.05). (3) The results of subgroup analysis showed that there was a significant difference in body mass and body mass index between the “training cycle ≥ 12 weeks” subgroup and the “training frequency ≤ 3 times/week” subgroup (training cycle ≥ 12 weeks subgroup: WMD=4.25, 95% CI: 0.90-7.59, P=0.01; WMD=2.71, 95%CI: 1.92-3.51, P < 0.000 01; training frequency ≤ 3 times/week subgroup: WMD=5.14, 95%CI: 1.7-8.57, P=0.003; WMD=1.67, 95% CI: 0.66-2.67, P=0.001). (4) The results of sensitivity analysis showed that there was a significant difference in body fat percentage between the HIIT and MICT groups (WMD=2.17, 95% CI: 1.20-3.14, P < 0.000 1), while there was no significant difference in the improvement of glucose metabolism between the HIIT and MICT groups (fasting blood glucose: WMD=0.31, 95% CI: -0.17-0.79, P > 0.05; glycosylated hemoglobin: WMD=0.01, 95% CI: -0.19-0.20, P > 0.05; insulin resistance index: WMD=-0.14, 95%CI: -0.71-0.42, P > 0.05). (5) The results of subgroup analysis showed that fasting blood glucose was significantly different in the subgroup of “training frequency ≤ 3 times/week” (WMD=0.92, 95% CI: 0.25-1.60, P=0.007) and glycosylated hemoglobin was significantly different in the “training frequency > 3 times/week” subgroup (WMD=-0.2, 95% CI: -0.3 to -0.1, P < 0.000 1). CONCLUSION: Overall, there is no significant difference between HIIT and MICT in improving body composition such as body mass, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage as well as improving glucose metabolic indexes such as fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin and insulin resistance index in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes. When the training period is ≥ 12 weeks and the training frequency is ≤ 3 times/week, MICT has a better effect on the improvement of body mass as well as body mass index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: In the initial stage of multiple sclerosis, central immune cells activate and release a large number of inflammatory factors, causing white matter demyelination and even involving gray matter neurons. The equilibrium of differentiation between different subsets of CD4+ T cells plays an important role in the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. The previous results of the research group showed that the active ingredient astragalus glycoprotein in astragalus can regulate the immune response in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice, and whether it has a regulatory effect on the differentiation of T cell subsets has not been determined. OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effects and immune regulatory mechanisms of astragaloside IV on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice. METHODS: Female C57BL/6 mice were divided into the normal control group, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease model group, and astragaloside IV treatment group (n=8 per group). Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptides 35-55 were used for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model induction in the last two groups. On day 10 to 28 after immunization, the astragaloside IV treatment group was treated with 40 mg/kg per day astragaloside IV intragastrically. Body weight and clinical scores of mice in each group were recorded from the immunization day to the 28th day. On the 28th day after immunization, the mouse spinal cord was taken and made into frozen sections for hematoxylin-eosin staining and Lux fast blue staining to observe pathological changes in the spinal cord. Percentage of splenic T cell subsets was detected using flow cytometry. Western blot assay was used to determine the protein expression of interferon-γ, interleukin-17 and interleukin-6 in the spinal cord. Levels of interferon-γ, interleukin-17, interleukin-6 and interleukin-4 in supernatants of cultured splenocytes were determined by ELISA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease model group, astragaloside IV could reduce the degree of weight loss in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice (P < 0.05), ameliorate clinical symptoms (P < 0.05), inhibit the infiltration of inflammatory cells and alleviate myelin loss (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). (2) Compared with the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease model group, astragaloside IV could inhibit the proportion of CD4+ T cell subsets expressing interferon-γ (P < 0.001) and interleukin-17 (P < 0.001), but increase percentages of CD4+ interleukin-10+ (P < 0.001) and CD4+ transforming growth factor-β+ (P < 0.01) T cell subsets. (3) Astragaloside IV could inhibit the expression of interferon-γ (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), interleukin-17 (P < 0.05, P < 0.05), and interleukin-6 (P < 0.05, P < 0.05) in the spinal cord and spleen, and up-regulate the expression of interleukin-4 (P < 0.01) in spleen. (4) These findings confirm that astragaloside IV alleviates clinical symptoms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice, which may be related to regulating the splenic T cell subsets, therefore, inhibiting the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the center and reducing the demyelination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to elucidate the changes of body weight and nutrients in black soldierfly larvae of different days of age during live storage. In this experiment, 6 kg of larvae at 10 days, 12 days and 14 days old were selected, and each instar was treated with 1 treatment, each treatment was 6 replicates, each replicate was 1 kg, and 3 replicates were weighed at noon every day to measure weight loss. The other three replicates were stored in the same environment, and on the 5th, 10th, 15th, and 20th days, 50 g of larvae were weighed for each replicate, and the nutrient content was determined after drying. The results showed that the absolute loss of fresh weight at 20 days of 12 and 14 days old was about 50%. The dry matter content of larvae stored in black soldier fly for 15 days was significantly greater than that stored for 5 days and 10 days (P<0.05). The crude protein content of 10th and 20th days of 12-day-old and 14-dayold black soldierfly larvae was higher than that of the 5th and initial larvae, and the crude protein content was highest at the 15th day of preservation. The initial crude fat content of 14-day-old larvae was significantly higher than that of other stages (P<0.05). The preservation time had an interactive effect with the age of the day, and the preservation time×day age could significantly affect the crude fat and dry matter content of the larvae of the black soldier fly (P<0.05). This study revealed the change law and consumption degree of nutrients in larvae during in vivo preservation, and under the experimental conditions, 10-day-old black soldier fly larvae were transported and preserved alive, and high nutrients could be obtained within 10 days of storage time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In modern society, with increased consumption, cosmetology, and interest in weight loss, universal fashion trends have gradually developed. More importantly, people are eager to pursue a healthier lifestyle to resist senescence and stay fit. As a result, anthocyanins, the so-called “vitamins of the skin” have emerged in millions of households. They help to eliminate free radicals and have multiple health benefits for the body. This study used an anthropomorphic approach to analyze the structure of anthocyanins, revealing the magical effects of anthocyanins for restoring beauty. We explain the mechanism of action of anthocyanin in antioxidants for weight loss as natural nutritional supplements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）is a group of metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, which tranditional require long-term medication with hypoglycemic drugs. However, more recent studies have shown that some diabetic patients can be alleviated by intensive intervention of diet and exercise, hypoglycemic drug which can loss weight, or short-term intensive insulin therapy, metabolic surgery. This article will discuss the definition of T2DM remission and intervention methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to investigate the effects of rearing material nutrients and juvenile hormone Ⅲ (JHIII) on the growth and development of Hepialus menyuanicus larvae, and to clarify the direct and indirect relationships between rearing material nutrients and JHIII on the growth and development of larvae using through path analysis. [Method] The newly molted 3rd instar larvae were studied with coconut flour as the rearing substrate, and a two-factor experimental design was used with four rearing materials[J: (Potentilla anserina), H: (Daucus carota), Z: (Polygonum viviparum) and D: (Rheum palmatum) ]and three JHIII titer levels (B1: 13.32 μg/g, B2: 16.56 μg/g and B3: 22.76 μg/g) were reared on larvae, and the reared materials were analyzed for crude protein, crude fiber, soluble sugar, crude ash, water content, carbohydrate and JHIII on larval growth and development (head width, body length, body weight and survival rate) were analyzed by regression analysis and path analysis. [Result] Both rearing materials and JHIII significantly affected the growth and development of larvae with a significant interaction effect (P＜0.05) .Path analysis showed that JHIII had the greatest direct effect on larval head width, body length, body weight and survival rate (P=-2.56, P=-1.89, P=-3.66, P=2.36) .Crude protein had the greatest indirect promoting effect on head width and body length (P=3.99, P=3.79), soluble sugar had the greatest indirect promoting effect on body weight (P=5.40), and crude ash had the greatest indirect inhibitory effect on survival (P=-5.14), and crude protein, soluble sugar, and crude ash all had the greatest indirect effects on head width and body length, body weight, and survival through JHIII (P=2.23, P=1.64, P=2.93, P=-2.86) . [Conclusion] The paper preliminarily finds the simple mechanism of feeding materials affecting the growth and development of larvae.JHIII is a direct factor affecting the growth and development of larvae, while nutrients in rearing materials are an indirect factor and affect larval growth and development through changes in JHIII titer.The nutrients of rearing materials lead to inconsistent growth and development of larvae by affecting the JHIII titer of the larvae.Among them, crude protein, soluble sugar and crude ash promote the growth of head width and body length of larvae, promote the development of body weight and reduce the survival rate of larvae by inhibiting the JHIII titer.The study provides a scientific reference for the artificial domestication and succession rearing of H.menyuanicus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the effects of fermented feed on the growth performance and intestinal structure of cherry valley ducks, a total of 360 1- day- old male cherry valley ducks were randomly divided into three groups with four replicates per group and 30 ducks per replicates in this research. Ducks in the control group were fed with normal diet, while the experimental groupsⅠ and Ⅱ were fed with normal diet supplemented with 5% and 10% fermented feed, respectively. The ducks were raised using two-stage diets for 42 days. The results showed that the average daily gain of the experimental groupⅠ was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and the feed weight ratio was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the length of the duodenum, ileum, cecum and rectum in the experimental groupⅠ had increased (P>0.05), and the length of the jejunum in the experimental groups were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The villus height in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum of the experimental group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The supplementation of fermented feed was beneficial to increase the crypt depth, but there was no significant difference between the experimental groups and the control group (P>0.05). In terms of villus height/crypt depth, there was no significant difference among the groups (P>0.05). Therefore, supplementation with 5% fermented feed could reduce the feed weight ratio significantly, increase body weight gain, improve intestinal structure, and be beneficial for the healthy growth of cherry valley ducks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-disciplinary collaboration (MDT) has now become an international trend in the diagnosis and treatment of obesity for its various causes and complications and complicated mechanism of its occurrence, but at present, without comprehensive understanding of the model and the necessity of its implementation, the MDT model in the diagnosis and treatment of obesity is still in the stage of exploration. No mature operating model has been formed, which, to a great extent, restricts the development and its application. In order to deepen the overall understanding of MDT model in the diagnosis and treatment of obesity, and to further understand the necessity of its implementation, this article reviews the development, necessity of implementation, team structure, operation model, etc. of the multi-disciplinary collaborative diagnosis and treatment model of obesity, hoping to providing reference for the diagnosis and treatment of obesity and the promotion of MDT model in the diagnosis and treatment of the obesity in our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the improvement of the living standard of the Chinese people, regardless of whether adults or children, obesity rate in our country has been increased year by year. Moreover, obesity is a dangerous factor of many diseases, which seriously endangers people′s health in our country and causes a serious economic burden for society. At present, weight loss methods mainly include the whole way of life management（diet, exercise, behavior intervention), drugs, surgery and so on. Drug therapy and weight loss surgery can be used for severe obesity, but diet, exercise, and cognitive behavioral therapy are the main strategies for lifelong management of obesity. Diet management is the most important part of the whole lifestyle management. This paper reviews the main diet management programs in order to provide reference for clinicians or dietitians to make diet programs for weight loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Overweight or obesity is the most significant risk factors for knee osteoarthritis. Time-restricted diet shows an effective effect in preventing overweight or obesity. Whether infrapatellar fat pad, an important component of the knee joint, is affected by time-restricted diet and thus influences knee osteoarthritis remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To employ a high-fat diet-induced rat model to investigate the effect of weight loss by time-restricted diet on infrapatellar fat pad, thereby providing evidence for early prevention and treatment of obesity-related knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: Fifteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=5 per group). Rats in the control group were allowed to eat at will for 24 hours and were fed the defined control diet (12% fat); rats in the high-fat diet group were allowed to eat at will for 24 hours and were fed the high-fat diet (45% fat); and rats in the high-fat diet with time-restricted diet group were fed the high-fat diet only from 9:00 (2 hours after the light) to 17:00 (2 hours before the dark). After 8 weeks of feeding, mDixon-Quant sequence was used to assess proton density fat fraction in the infrapatellar fat pad and subcutaneous adipose tissue in the right inguinal region. ELISA was used to quantify differences adipokine. Sirius red staining was used to evaluate changes in fibrosis of the infrapatellar fat pad. The expressions of uncoupling protein-1 in the infrapatellar fat pad and subcutaneous adipose tissue in the right inguinal region as well as leptin, adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-α in the infrapatellar fat pad were detected by immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 8 weeks of feeding, compared with the high-fat diet group, the body mass of rats in the control group (P=0.036) and the high-fat diet with time-restricted diet group (P=0.003) was significantly reduced. The proton density fat fraction in the infrapatellar fat pad in the high-fat diet group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001) and the high-fat diet with time-restricted diet group (P=0.004), while there was no significant difference in the proton density fat fraction of the subcutaneous adipose tissue among the three groups. The serum leptin levels of rats in the highfat diet group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P=0.030) and the high-fat diet with time-restricted diet group (P=0.018). Compared with the high-fat diet group, the infrapatellar fat pad fibrosis characterized by Sirius red staining in the control group (P < 0.001) and the time-restricted diet group (P=0.003) was significantly decreased. The expression of leptin in IFP of the high-fat diet group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.001) and the high-fat diet with time-restricted diet group (P < 0.001). The expression of adiponectin in the infrapatellar fat pad of the high-fat diet group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P=0.004) and the high-fat diet with time-restricted feeding group (P=0.048). However, there was no positive expression of uncoupling protein-1 in the infrapatellar fat pad and subcutaneous adipose tissue of all the three groups, and no positive expression of tumor necrosis factor-α in the infrapatellar fat pad. To conclude, time-restricted diet could retard the fibrosis of the infrapatellar fat pad, reduce the proton density fat fraction of the infrapatellar fat pad, and affect the level of adipokine in serum and infrapatellar fat pad. Time-restricted diet may become a simple and effective option for the treatment and prevention of obesity-related knee osteoarthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problems of similar appearance and occlusion of people in the video person re-identification, a video-based person re-identification model based on pyramid segmentation and attention mechanism was studied and designed. First, in order to enhance the recognition ability of the graph model for the local features of pedestrians, a multi-scale horizontal pyramid segmentation method was proposed. In addition, given that the simple spatiotemporal attention module was prone to damage person features due to occlusion, the spatiotemporal attention module was improved using the spatiotemporal correlation attention method, which gradually learns and aggregates spatially local information while interacting in time sequence to suppress person interference features and enhance discriminative features. This paper evaluates the model on Mars and DukeMTMC-VideoReID datasets, and the experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the weight-loss information needs and information behaviors of female college students in Taiwan through interviews. The results showed that the primary reason that motivated female college students’ weight loss came from the personal factor of “goal pursuit” and the conditional factor of “special timing.” The type of information needed most was related to “exercise and fitness” and “diet and nutrition.” In the planning process, the main informationseeking channels were search engines, followed by social media. The female college students found it challenging to judge the correctness of their obtained information because the search results were not ideal, the amount of information was too large for them to process, and the cost of money and time was extremely high. This study recommends that information providers update information as frequently as possible, and the experiences and information should be shared with caution concerning its authenticity and authority. When seeking information on weight loss, female college students may consider the correctness of the information in light of the research findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermogravimetric analysis was used to study the pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of stems with different morphology. And the differences of kinetic parameters in each weight loss stage of stem during the pyrolysis or combustion were compared and analyzed based on the Coats-Redfern method. The results showed that the color of the filamentous stem was darker when compared with the flaky stem. The micro-surface of filamentous stem presented a rough gully shaped irregular honeycomb structure and exhibited a good blending applicability with cut tobacco. The weight loss process of stems with different morphology under pyrolysis conditions could be divided into four main stages. Among these stages, the weight loss and corresponding weight loss rate of filamentous stem in the volatile loss stage were higher than those of flaky stem, indicating that it possessed a good volatile flavor component retention capacity. The comprehensive pyrolysis index of filamentous stem was 1.24x10-4/(%·min-1·°C-2), which was higher than that of flaky stem. And this result showed a better pyrolysis characteristics of filamentous stem. The weight loss of different stems during the combustion process could also be mainly divided into four stages. Filamentous stem exhibited a higher comprehensive combustion characteristic index and lower combustion residual mass. The main weight loss stages during the thermal decomposition of different stems were mainly controlled by a 1.5-order chemical reaction model. Furthermore, the morphology had a significant effect on the kinetic parameters of the thermal degradation stages of the stem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: With the increasing prevalence of night light and obesity, circadian rhythm and physiological metabolism in the body are affected to varying degrees, and the differences between different genders need to be further studied. The aim of this study was to simulate the sex differences in human exposure to nocturnal light on a high-fat diet by comparing the effects of high-fat diet and photoperiod change on body weight in mice of different genders. Methods: Twelve female and male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups according to sex and feeding diet. One group of female mice and one group of male mice were randomly fed with60% high-fat diet as the experimental group, and the other group of female mice and one group of male mice were fed with ordinary diet as the control group. The body weight of each group was observed and recorded for 8 weeks. The mice were exposed to 24h/0h light cycle during the 1st to 6th weeks, and the light cycle was changed to 12h/12h during the 6th to 8th weeks. Results: The body weight of both male and female rats increased under the condition of high fat diet and irregular light cycle（24h/0h）（P<0.05）, but the body weight of male rats increased three times as much as that of female rats. After light cycle returning to normal（12h/12h）, the amount of mouse body weight increment reduced. Mice of different genders gained weight when they were fed high-fat diet and their biological rhythms were disrupted, but the weight gain of male mice was significantly greater than that of female mice under the condition of high fat diet. Conclusions: Female mice were more affected by biorhythm than male mice in the high-fat diet mouse model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to explore the types of bait suitable for abalone farming in Tianjin. A total of 960 wrinkled abalone were randomly divided into seven groups, and fed with salted asparagus, salted kelp, salted wakame, dried kelp, dried wakame, dried seaweed and compound feed, respectively. The morphology and retention of the bait foam were observed, and the effect of feeding different baits on shell length and weight growth, mortality, water quality and nutrition of the wrinkle disc abalone foot muscle after two months of feeding were studied. The trial period was two months. The results showed that dried seaweed floating phenomenon was the most serious, and other bait group had good ups and downs. Feeding compound feed (the average shell length of wrinkled abalone was 5.65 cm, and the average body weight was 30.7 g) and salted asparagus (the abalone had higher protein content in foot muscle nutrients) had the best effect. Mortality and ammonia nitrogen and nitrite content were the highest in those fed compound feed. The study indicates that the compound of feed and salted asparagus can increase shell length and body weight and reduce mortality of abalone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To observe the clinical effect of Bupi Zishen decoction combined with acupuncture on infertility with poly-cystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: A total of 120 PCOS infertility patients admitted from September 2018 to September 2020 were selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group (60 cases in each group). All patients were given oral clomiphene citrate basic treatment, and the observation group was added to the basic treatment with Bupi Zishen decoction combined with acupuncture, with 28 d as a treatment cycle. Compared two groups of patients after 3 course of total effective rate, TCM syndrome scale score, BMI (body mass index), menstruation, ovulation, pregnancy, serum sex hormone index [T(testosterone), LH (luteinizing hormone), FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)], B ultrasonic measurement and the receptivity of endometrium index [endometrial thickness,PI (endometrial screw Rotary pulse index) and RI (resistance index)]. Results: After 3 courses of treatment, the total effective rate in the observation group was 90% (54/60), which was higher than that in the control group (83% (50/60))(P<0.05). After 3 courses of treatment, TCM syndrome scale scores of PCOS infertility patients in the two groups improved, menstrual situation improved, ovulation rate and pregnancy rate in the two groups increased, and the observation group was higher than the control group (P<0.05). After 3 courses of treatment, BMI, RI, PI, LH and T in both groups decreased, and the observation group was lower than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Endometrial thickness and FSH were increased in both groups, and the observation group was higher than the control group (P<0.05).The treatment of infertility patients with polycystic ovary syndrome by Bupi Bupi Zishen decoction combined with acupuncture can relieve the clinical symptoms, regulate the level of sex hormones, reduce body weight, improve the rate of menstruation regulation, ovulation promotion and pregnancy, and has definite curative effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of vitamin E on the expression of asprosin in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of rats in high glucose environment in the second trimester of pregnancy. Methods: A total of 21 rats in high glucose environment in the second trimester were randomly divided into three groups-model group, pioglitazone group and vitamin E group. Glitazone group and vitamin E group were intragastrically administered with 80 mg/kg pioglitazone and 5 mg/kg vitamin E, respectively; the model group was intragastrically administered with the same dose of 0.9 % NaCl. All the rats were detected the expression of asprosin in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Results: The blood glucose and body weight of the pioglitazone group and the vitamin E group were lower than those of the model group on the 3rd and 7th day of dosing(P<0.05), and the vitamin E group were lower than the pioglitazone group (P<0.05). The content of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the skin tissues of the pioglitazone group and vitamin E group was higher than that in the model group (P<0.05), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was lower than that in the model group (P<0.05), the difference between the pioglitazone group and the vitamin E group was also statistically significant on the 7th day of dosing (P<0.05). The relative expression levels of asprosin protein in the skin tissues of the pioglitazone group and the vitamin E group on the 7th day of dosing were lower than those in the model group (P<0.05), and the vitamin E group was lower than that in the pioglitazone group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of vitamin E in the rats with high glucose in the second trimester of pregnancy can inhibit the expression of asprosin in the subcutaneous adipose tissue, increase the activity of SOD, and reduce the expression of MDA, thus reducing the weight and blood glucose levels of rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the clinical characteristics analysis of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) and gallbladder carcinoma and the value of spiral CT in differential diagnosis. Methods: A total of 41 patients with XGC who received abdominal spiral CT examination in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2020 were included in the study, and recorded as the XGC group. Another 45 patients with gallbladder cancer who received abdominal spiral CT examination in our hospital during the same period were selected as the gallbladder cancer group. The clinical characteristics and spiral CT results of the two groups were analyzed. The differences of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels were compared between the two groups. The gold standard was pathological examination, the value of spiral CT in the differential diagnosis of XGC and gallbladder carcinoma was analyzed. Results: The percentages of appetite loss and weight loss in XGC group were lower than those in gallbladder cancer group (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence of abdominal pain, jaundice, fever, increased white blood cell (WBC), elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT), elevated asparate aminotransferase (AST) and bile duct dilatation between the two groups (all P>0.05). The proportion of patients with uniform thickening of cystic wall and low-density nodules in the wall in the XGC group were lower than that in the gallbladder cancer group, while the proportion of patients with enlarged lymph nodes was higher than that in the gallbladder cancer group (all P<0.05). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of spiral CT for XGC were 95.12 (39/41), 95.56% (43/45) and 95.35% (82/86), respectively. The levels of serum VEGF and CA19-9 in XGC group were lower than those in gallbladder cancer group, with statistical significance (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The incidence of appetite loss and weight loss in XGC patients are lower than those in gallbladder cancer patients. Spiral CT examination is of high value in the differential diagnosis of XGC and gallbladder cancer, which is worthy of clinical attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of cereal fermentation on promoting lactation on mice with postpartum hypogalactia. Methods: Selected KM mice which deliver baby mice within 24 hours and divide them into groups randomly: model group, normal group, estradiol group (1 g/kg), and cereal fermentation group (24 mL/kg), 6 mice in each group. Except the control group, from the 3rd day after postpartum, bromocriptine (1.6 mg/kg) was used to establish a postpartum milk loss model for a total of 10 days. Observe weight changes in filial mice and mother mice, and daily lactation volume, detect plasma prolactin (PRL) levels by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), observe changes in breast histology by HE staining, and detect prolactin receptor (PRLR), β-casein by immunohistochemistry (β-casein) expression in breast tissue. Results: The litter weight increase, milk production, plasma PRL level, and expression of PRLR and β-casein in the mammary gland were higher in the normal group, the estradiol group, and the cereal fermentation group than in the model group (P<0.05). The amount of weight loss in female mice was lower than that in the model group(P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the cereal fermentation group significantly increased the leaflet area of mammary gland, and the connective tissue and adipose tissue between the leaflet significantly reduced the large number of acinar hyperplasia and the intralobular gland. The vesicles returned to above normal levels. Conclusions: Cereal fermentation can promote the lactation of bromocriptine- induced postpartum lactating mother mice. The mechanism of lactation is related to increasing the expression of PRL, PRLR and β-casein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the synergistic antitumor effect of sodium dichloroacetate and chloroquine and recombinant adenovirus expressing shRNA of integrin subunit β3, β5. Methods: Subcutaneous xenografts of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 was established to detect the inhibitory effect of recombinant virus expressing shRNA of integrin subunit β3, β5 combined with sodium dichloroacetate and chloroquine in vivo. Immuno-histochemical experiments were further performed to investigate the effects of the combination on tumor angiogenesis, tumor cell apoptosis and proliferation. Results: Chloroquine alone demonstrated weaker inhibitory effects on growth of transplanted tumor of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 than sodium dichloroacetate or the combination of sodium dichloroacetate and chloroquine. And the mice can tolerate chloroquine well. Moreover, the loss of weight caused by the tumor-bearing mice was also alleviated. Adenovirus expressing shRNA of integrin subunit β3, β5 also showed little inhibitory effect on tumor growth. However, the combination of sodium dichloroacetate and chloroquine with the adenovirus expressing integrin shRNA significantly inhibited the tumor growth. Moreover, the effect of adenovirus expressing integrin shRNA on mouse weight was attenuated by the combination. The results of HE staining showed that the cell structure of each group has been damaged after administration. CD31 and Ki67 staining showed that the proliferation of tumor cells was reduced simultaneously after administration. TUNEL staining showed that apoptosis of each group increased after administration. Among them, the combination of sodium dichloroacetate, chloroquine and recombinant virus expressing shRNA of integrin subunit β3, β5 was the most significant. The results demonstrated that the combination of sodium dichloroacetate/chloroquine/integrin β3 and β5 shRNA adenovirus had a significant anti-tumor effect. And its mechanism is to reduce tumor micro-vessel density, inhibit tumor cell proliferation and increase tumor cell apoptosis. Conclusions: Sodium dichloroacetate and chloroquine combined with adenovirus expressing shRNA of integrin subunit β3, β5 can obtain a better anti-tumor effect. The study provides new insights into the design and application of the combined medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the weight control in infertile patients with overweight/obesity, and to analyze the influencing factors of weight control. Methods: 130 patients with infertility within the period from July 2019 to January 2020 from Center for Reproductive Medicine of The First Hospital of Lanzhou University were selected by convenience sampling. The general information questionnaires were adopted. Body masses were monitored. The data of body mass was analyzed by the SPSS 20.0. The factors influencing body mass control were then explored. Results: 126 valid questionnaires were received. Body mass of infertile patients with overweight/ obese was significantly decreased by (7.10±4.00) kg when compared with the weight before treatment, and the decreased range of body mass ≥ 10% in 49 patients (49/126, 38.89%). The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the primary factors influencing the body mass control were patients′ basal metabolism, original body mass index (BMI), duration of overweight/obesity and body mass control time. Conclusions: The body mass control of overweight/obese patients with infertility before pregnancy should be improved. The individualized body mass control schemes are based on the patients′ basal metabolism and duration of overweight/obesity, as well as health education, so as to improve the pregnancy outcomes of infertile patients with overweight/obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the effects of jiawei huanglianjiedu decoction combined with liraglutide on glucolipid metabolism, inflammatory response and islet function of obesity patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: 104 obesity patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus who were treated in North Hospital of Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from January 2016 to May 2018 were selected. Patients were divided into control group (n=52) and research group (n=52) according to random number table method. The control group was given liraglutide, and the research group was treated with jiawei huanglianjiedu decoction combined with liraglutide, the two groups were treated for 3 months. The body mass index (BMI), blood glucose index [fasting blood glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)], blood lipid index [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)], inflammatory markers [C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6)] and islet function indicators [insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), islet β cell function index (HOMA-β)] were compared between the two groups before treatment and 3 months after treatment.The occurrence of adverse reactions during the treatment was recorded. Results: 3 months after treatment, the BMI, FPG, 2hPG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and serum levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in two groups were lower than those before treatment.serum levels of HDL-C and HOMA-β were higher than those before treatment. The BMI, FPG, 2hPG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and serum levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 in the research group were lower than those in the control group, the levels of HOMA-β and serum HDL-C were higher than those in control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the research group was 13.46% (7/52), the incidence of adverse reactions in the control group was 5.77%(3/52). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Jiawei huanglian jiedu decoction combined with liraglutide is safe and effective in the treatment of obese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. It can reduce the weight of patients, improve blood sugar, blood lipid levels and pancreatic islet function, and reduce inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the effects of jiawei huanglianjiedu decoction combined with liraglutide on glucolipid metabolism, inflammatory response and islet function of obesity patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. 104 obesity patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus who were treated in North Hospital of Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from January 2016 to May 2018 were selected. Patients were divided into control group (n=52) and research group (n=52) according to random number table method. The control group was given liraglutide, and the research group was treated with jiawei huanglianjiedu decoction combined with liraglutide, the two groups were treated for 3 months. The body mass index (BMI), blood glucose index [fasting blood glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)], blood lipid index [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)], inflammatory markers [C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-琢 (TNF-琢), interleukin-6 (IL-6)] and islet function indicators [insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), islet 茁 cell function index (HOMA-茁)] were compared between the two groups before treatment and 3 months after treatment.The occurrence of adverse reactions during the treatment was recorded. 3 months after treatment, the BMI, FPG, 2hPG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and serum levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, CRP, IL-6 and TNF-琢 in two groups were lower than those before treatment.serum levels of HDL-C and HOMA-茁 were higher than those before treatment. The BMI, FPG, 2hPG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and serum levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, CRP, TNF-琢 and IL-6 in the research group were lower than those in the control group, the levels of HOMA-茁 and serum HDL-C were higher than those in control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the research group was 13.46% (7/52), the incidence of adverse reactions in the control group was 5.77%(3/52). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). Jiawei huanglian jiedu decoction combined with liraglutide is safe and effective in the treatment of obese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. It can reduce the weight of patients, improve blood sugar, blood lipid levels and pancreatic islet function, and reduce inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the effects of individualized nutrition training on weight loss and weight maintenance in patients with simple obesity. Methods Of 100 simple obese patients from the obesity clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department between Jan. 2015 and Dec. 2016, 12 patients dropped out halfway and 88 patients were recruited and randomly divided into 2 groups: the individualized nutrition training (INT) group (n=48) and the conventional nutrition intervention (CNI) group (n=40). The therapeutic process included intervention, transition and maintenance period. Under the guidance of a specialist physician, a registered nutritionist and a nurse, each patient received treatment including 3 month intervention period (a low‑calorie, low‑carbohydrate diet: daily calories<1 200 kcal, carbohydrate 20% to 30%, protein 30% to 35%, fat 35% to 40%), followed by 1 month transition period and 12 month maintenance period (a balanced diet: daily calories ≤25 kcal/kg, carbohydrates 55% to 60%, protein 15% to 20%, fat≤30%). In CNI group nutrition prescriptions were provided by the nutritionist, nutrition education and monthly follow‑up were completed by the nurse, and the safety was monitored by the physician. In INT group during intervention period, the nutritionist gave individualized nutrition training covering 3 meals daily by Wechat. Additionally, the advices for exercise intensity, dietary requirements and follow‑up frequency were consistent in these two groups. The scores of dietary behavior and the weight rates of reaching the standard at different time points were compared between these two groups. Fisher exact probability method, t test and Spearman method were used for statistical analysis. Results No differences was found in the initial dietary behavior scores between these two groups (3.92±1.13 and 3.88±0.97, P>0.05). After intervention, the dietary behavior scores in INT group increased significantly than those in CNI group at the beginning of the maintenance period (7.81±0.67 and 7.13±1.22, P<0.01) and at the end of the maintenance period (7.00±1.11 and 4.68±1.10, P<0.01); The weight loss percentage of the patients in INT group increased significantly than those in the CNI group at the end of the intervention period (15.0% and 9.2%, P<0.01), at the beginning of the maintenance period (14.2% and 8.4%, P<0.01) and at the end of the maintenance period (11.3% and 2.6%, P<0.01).The weight loss percentage over 5% in INT group was more than those in CNI group at the end of the maintenance period (91.7% vs 20.0%, P<0.01). Conclusion Individualized nutrition training may help patients with simple obesity lose more weight and prevent weight rebound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is characterized by the low levels of serum gonadotropin and estrogen in young women, in which the organic lesion of hypothalamus and hypophysis has been excluded. FHA has negative effects on the cardiovascular system, skeletal system, reproductive system and mental health of patients. Many factors may induce FHA, such as excessive exercise, nutritional deficiencies, dieting, and mental stress, or the combination of those factors. The treatment of FHA should be comprehensive, including the increased weight, the reduced strenuous -exercise, gonadotropin releasing hormone pulse therapy, hormone replacement therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. The research progress of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea is reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the effects of Jiangtangsanhao (JTSH) formula on body weight, blood glucose, serum insulin content, glucose tolerance and blood lipid in diet induced obese mice, and to explore its effects on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the skeletal muscle. Methods: Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed with high-fat feed for 12 consecutive weeks to induce obesity model. Then the mice were randomly divided into model control group, metformin group and JTSH formula group. The mice fed with normal diet were used as normal control group. All the mice received 8 weeks of intervention by gavage. and the normal and model group received the same amount of sterile water. Body weight and fasting blood glucose were measured every 2 weeks: oral glucose tolerance test was performed 7 weeks later. Samples were taken after the drug intervention and the levels of HbAlc. Insulin, TC. TG. LDL-C and HDL-C were detected. The expressions of PI3K. AKT and GLUT4 in skeletal muscle were detected by Western Blot. Results: JTSH formula could significantly reduce the body weight of obese mice (P < 0.05): it could also effectively reduce the fasting blood glucose of obese mice to the normal level (P < 0.05): As to indicators like HbAlc. INS. TC. LDL-C. the mice in JTSH formula group were much lower than the model group (P < 0.05). According to the results of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). the glucose tolerance of those experimental animals were improved after the intervention of JTSH formula (P < 0.05). Western blot analysis showed that JTSH formula could up-regulate the expression of PI3K. AKT. GLUT4 compared with model group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: JTSH formula can effectively reduce the weight of obese mice, improve the metabolism of glucose and lipid, and reduce the level of insulin. Its effect may be achieved by activating PI3K AKT signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the influence of global climate change，most glaciers in southeastern Tibet and Hengduan Mountains in recent years have been losing weight, deteriorating and thinning, which has caused the variation of glacier movement characteristics，resulting in frequent disasters such as debris flows and landslides. In order to break through the bottleneck of optical remote sensing restricted by climatic conditions，this paper combines satellite and ground-based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology and selects Hailuogou Glacier (HLG) basin as a typical research area to carry out time series monitoring and analysis. Firstly, by using 38 SAR images acquired by PALSAR-1/2 satellites from 2007 to 2018，the temporal and spatial variations and local surface displacements of HLG in Gongga Mountain are monitored by using the pixel offset tracking (POT) method. The average velocity of HLG No. 1 is slowed down by 7. 27% per year in recent years，and the slow-down rate reaches 15. 57% per year in the ablation areas. At the same time，several unstable landslides are detected by POT and Stacking-InSAR methods at the moraine embankment on the side of the glacier. Statistical analysis confirms that the movement of such landslides is strongly correlated with the melting of the glacier. The sliding speed reaches its peak in summer every year. The maximum sliding speed in 2018 was 100 mm/d in the north-south direction and 50 mm/d in the east-west direction. Subsequently, by utilization of the high-frequency real-time monitoring data of ground-based radar，it is further determined that the sliding speed reaches its peak value of 150 mm/d on July 9，2018，and abnormal fluctuations occur with the subsequent collapse，which shows in detail the whole process of landslide creep to result in disasters. Relevant research data and the monitoring results can provide a reference for the study of the cryosphere and mountain hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High intensity interval training (HI1T) theory is a popular sport training guide idea to physical fitness training. In order to explore to what extent HUT enhances the physical ability of police college students, the author conducted an experiment in which lie used stratified cluster sampling to train his subjects. 164 freshmen from Nanjing Forest Police College were asked to be the subjects. 41 of them were as HI1T group, 41 of them as repeated training group, 42 of them as moderate intensity intermittent training group and 40 of them as continuous training group. The experiment lasted 8 weeks, 3 times per week. Comparative study was made before and after each period of the experiment. Before the experiment, the subjects’ physical fitness, heart and lung function and body fat ratio were measured and compared, P >0.05, thus the level of each group was basically the same. After 8 weeks intervention, the result shows that there is more improvement of heart and lung function, more advancement of physical quality and more weight loss in the HIIT group than that in other groups and it is of statistical significance. The research suggests that HUT is scientific, efficient and safe. So it is quite necessary for us to train our police college students in this way in their physical education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective：To assess the effect of weight loss on the success rate of intrauterine insemination （IUI） in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: The clinical data of PCOS patients undergoing IUI-husband semen treatment were collected between January 2013 and June 2017 in our hospital. Among them, 180 patients with body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 24 kg/m2 had a total of 336 cycles. According to the pretreatment, patients were divided into the weight loss group, the drug group and the no -preconditioning group (control group). The weight loss group was divided into three subgroups according to the weight loss ratio: 5%≤weight loss＜10% as the subgroup 1, 10%≤weight loss＜20% as the subgroup 2, and weight loss ≥20% as the subgroup 3. The levels of hormones, the pregnancy rate and the abortion rate were compared. Results: The difference of LH, LH/FSH and T difference between the four groups were statistically significant (P＜0.01). The LH difference, LH/FSH difference and T difference in the subgroup 1, the subgroup 2 and subgroup 3 increased gradually, and the difference were statistically significant (P＜0.05). The LH difference and T difference in the drug group were less than the subgroup 3, but higher than the subgroup 1 and subgroup 2 (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the LH/FSH difference between the drug group and the subgroup 3, but the LH/FSH difference in the drug group was higher than that in the subgroup 1 and subgroup 2 (P＜0.05). The pregnancy rates in the subgroup 2，the subgroup 3 and the drug group were significantly higher than that in the control group and the subgroup 1 (P＜0.05). There was no statistical difference in the pregnancy rate between the subgroup 2, the subgroup 3 and the drug group (P＞0.05). The abortion rates in the subgroup 3 and the drug group were significantly lower than those in the control group and the subgroup 1 (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the abortion rate between the subgroup 2, subgroup 3 and the drug group (P＞0.05). Conclusions: With the increase of weight loss ratio, the LH, LH/FSH and T values are decreased correspondingly. When weight loss is more than 10%, the pregnancy rate of IUI treatment after ovulation induction is significantly improved. A significant reduction in the abortion rate requires weight loss at least 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influences of polyethylene glycol and ethylene glycol on both specific capacitance and weight loss of the aluminum foil in the area enlarging corrosion procedure are investigated by the electrochemical technique and the weight loss measurement. The effect of temperature on this process is also studied. It is discovered that the optimal concentration of both additives in the etching solution is 0.4 g/L for polyethylene glycol and 0.8 g/L for ethylene glycol, and the specific capacitance of the obtained aluminum foils is corresponding to 372, 334 μF/cm2， respectively. Further experimental result shows that the most proper temperature is 25 ℃ for the capacitance expansion of aluminum foil with 0.4 g/L polyet hylene glycol or 0.8 g/L ethylene glycol, which can offer higher specific capacitance of 449, 489 μF/cm2, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The weight loss of the cement slurry is one of the main causes of the oil and gas well annular channeling after cementing. The volume shrinkage of the cement slurry caused by the fluid loss has a great effect on the weight loss of the cement slurry. However, the experimental setup designed for the measurement of the cement slurry weight loss could not satisfy this situation. Therefore, a new experimental setup was designed to realize this. The principle of the measurement for the cement slurry fluid loss was used for a reference. The filter screen of the filtration instrument which could simulate the formation was introduced in the new setup to simulate the permeable wall of a well. The test result was more consistent with the site actual. Furthermore, this new setup could achieve the automatic data acquisition during the whole test process, which is very beneficial to the operation and the data processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A FE model for gearbox housing is built, on which static analysis, modal analysis and dynamic response analysis are conducted. On these bases a static-dynamic combined topology optimization on the structure is carried out with the stress, displacement, volume reduction ratio and 1st mode frequency as constraints and minimizing combined strain-energy index as objective. Based on the material density nephogram of optimized structure, the gearbox housing is modified, resulting in a weight reduction of 5.9 %. In addition, the results of static and dynamic response analyses on modified structure indicate that the vibration of gearbox housing is also attenuated after optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrosion behaviours of original X80 steel, normalized, quenched and tempered X80 steel in Yingtan and Korla simulative soil solution were studied by weight loss. The polarization curve of original X80 steel in two simulative soil solution was measured. The result of weight loss shows that the corrosion rates of X80 steel samples with different metallographic structure decreases firstly and then tend to steady with time passed by. The peak corrosion rate of these samples takes place in early corrosion stage. The corrosion rate of X80 steel in Yingtan simulative soil solution is lower than that in Korla's. The original X80 steel occurs active dissolve in both of Yingtan and Korla simulative soil solution via the polarization curves. The corrosion rate of X80 steel in Korla simulative soil solution is high due to the more negative corrosion potential and larger corrosion current. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]