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Copyright of Automotive Engineer (1674-6546) is the property of Auto Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] The aims of this study are to explore the fractal characteristics of deep profile soil under different vegetation types and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties and hydraulic parameters, and to provide important reference basis for vegetation restoration and agricultural production. [Methods] Shenmu Liudaogou watershed in Shaanxi Province was taken as the research area. Soil samples with a depth of 13 meters were collected from four vegetation types (grassland, apricot, pine. and peashrub) in the area. Soil particle composition, moisture content, and organic carbon content were measured. Soil fractal dimension was calculate. The fractal characteristics of deep profile soil under different vegetation types analyzed. [Results] (1) The soil clay, silt, and sand contents in this area are about 15%, 40% and 45%, respectively, and the differences in soil particle composition under different vegetation were significant (p<0.05). (2) The fractal dimension of the four sample plots did not differ significantly (p>0.05) throughout the profile, and the effect of vegetation type on soil fractal dimension was significant (p<0.05) in the depth of 1~2 m. (3) The fractal dimension of the pine and grassland was greater than the other two sample plots. In addition, soil fractal dimension is significantly correlated with clay content and soil hydraulic parameters (0,, n and Ksat) (p<0.05), but not with soil organic carbon and soil moisture content (p>0.05). [Conclusion] Soil fractal dimension is mainly influenced by soil fine particles, and is indicative of soil hydraulic properties. Pine and grassland have the best effect on soil structure improvement. This study has important implications for the sustainable use and management of vegetation and water resources in dryland areas, [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The aims of this study are to explore the applicability of remote sensing precipitation products in southwest China, to reveal the spatial and temporal characteristics of precipitation in Southwest China, and to provide scientific references for the assessment of droughts and floods in southwest China and the utilization of water resources. [Methods] Firstly, combined with precipitation data from 100 ground- based meteorological stations in the study region, the applicability of TRMM and GPM precipitation products were evaluated on both the multi-year average and inter-annual scales, as well as the meteorological station scale. Subsequently, based on the preferred remote sensing precipitation product, the coefficient of variation method, Theil-Sen median trend analysis coupled with Mann-Kendall significance test and Hurst exponent were adopted to analyze spatiotemporal changes of precipitation and assess their sustainability. Moreover, our effort predicted the precipitation trends in the future. [Results (1) Both TRMM and GPM products demonstrated good consistency and applicability in southwest China, albeit with some overestimation. However, compared with TRMM, GPM displayed a higher spatial resolution and better data quality, which was overall closer to the measured data. (2) Precipitation in southwest China had experienced low and moderate fluctuations over the past 19 years, with 87.54% of the region. The trend for precipitation changes in this region had mostly been increasing (83.71%), mainly weak to moderate sustainability (50.38% weak. 24.30% moderate). The prediction for future precipitation trend as a whole suggested a general increase in precipitation, with 62.24% of the region showing increasing trends, mainly in the central part of the study region, and 13.23% showing trends, mainly in the central Yunnan and southwestern Sichuan regions. This effort provided valuable insights for decision-making related to agricultural production and water resources management in southwest China. [Conclusion GPM is more suitable than TRMM to characterize the precipitation characteristics in southwest China and can be effectively used to carry out spatiotemporal dynamic analysis of precipitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining a reasonable irrigation schedule for crops and a combination of irrigation technology elements is the basis for scientific management of agricultural water resources, which can effectively alleviate the contradiction of water scarcity and guarantee regional food security. In this study, the AquaCrop model was calibrated and validated based on the summer maize field experiments in Yangling (2022) and Wugong (2017), Shaanxi Province to optimize the irrigation schedule, and the irrigation schedule of summer maize under typical hydrological years (wet year, normal year and dry year) and the required irrigation depth were determined in the study area; the WinSRFR software was calibrated and validated using the Yangling (2022) irrigation experiment; and the soil infiltration parameters of F4, F7, and F5 were selected to be representative of high (k = 98.437 mm/hα, α = 0.824), moderate (k = 85.396 mm/hα, α = 0.659), and low (k = 55.416 mm/hα, α = 0.617) infiltration capacities, and 1.0‰, 2.0‰ and 3.5‰ were used as representative values of typical bottom slopes in the study area, respectively to optimize values furrow irrigation technology elements (discharge and cutoff time) under different soil infiltration capacities and bottom slope by using WinSRFR. Finally, evaluation the yield increasing ability of the optimized irrigation schedule and the irrigation technology elements for summer maize by using AquaCrop model, respectively. The results indicated that the AquaCrop model can accurately simulated the maize growth, the coefficient of determination and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient between simulated and measured values of canopy cover, aboveground biomass and soil water content ranged from 0.86 to 0.99 and 0.56 to 0.97, respectively, the root mean square error are 3.9 to 10.1%, 1.2 to 1.4 t/hm2 and 11.7 to 13.6 mm, respectively; The mean absolute value of the relative error between the simulated and measured values of yield were 1.85% and 7.47%, respectively; Summer maize in the study area must be irrigated once during wet year (during the grain-filling stage) and normal year (during the jointing stage) and twice during dry year (during the jointing and grain-filling stages), with the water quantity used in each irrigation event being 55 mm; the optimised k and α values were 55.416 to 98.437 mm/hα and 0.35 to 0.858, respectively, and the mean n value was 0.056; the optimal discharge and cutoff times were 2.2 to 3.3 L/s and 35 to 16 min, respectively, these values are suitable for meeting the requirement of the comprehensive irrigation performance indicator (Ci ) being ≥ 85%. Based on the irrigation schedules of optimization and the combination of irrigation technology elements of optimization for summer maize in 2022, the yield of maize simulated by AquaCrop model is 7.819 t/hm² ; compared with rain fed (5.972 t/hm² ), current condition (7.424 t/hm² ) and irrigation schedule of optimization (7.659 t/hm² ), summer maize yield increased by 1.847, 0.395 and 0.160 t/hm², respectively; and the percentage of summer maize yield increase by 30.9%, 5.3% and 2.1%, respectively, and saved irrigation water 59 mm. Therefore, the optimization of irrigation system and irrigation factor combination can effectively improve crop yield and save irrigation water; and it can be concluded that although irrigation is only used as a supplement to crop water requirements in semiarid and semihumid, it is important because it has substantive implications on maize yield. The research results can provide theoretical basis for furrow irrigation scheme design of the research region and technology support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Accurate detection of immature green citrus fruits in trees is one of the most critical steps for production decisions, such as early yield prediction, precise water and fertilizer management, and regulation of number of fruits hanging. However, the large model has been confined to identifying the immature citrus, due to the similar green citrus to the canopy background. Great challenges have been brought to rapidly and accurately detect the fruits, even to deploy the model. In this study, an improved model, YOLO-GC (You Only Look Once-Green Citrus) was proposed to detect the green citrus fruits using YOLOv5s. The improved model was also deployed into the edge mobile devices, in order to achieve the real-time and convenient detection of green citrus fruits in trees. Firstly, the original backbone network was replaced with a lightweight GhostNet one, because the YOLOv5s network model was large and difficult to deploy. Meanwhile, the attention was then improved to the green citrus features. Accuracy degradation was reduced after the model was lightweight. Global Attention Mechanism (GAM) was embedded in the backbone network and the feature fusion layer, in order to extract the fruit features in complex environments. Secondly, a BiFPN (Bi-directional Feature Pyramid Network) architecture was introduced into the feature fusion layer for the multi-scale weighted feature fusion, in order to improve the dense and small-targeted fruits. Finally, the GIoU (Generalized Intersection over Union) loss function combined with Soft-NMS (Soft-Non-Maximum Suppression) was used to optimize the bounding box regression, in order to reduce the omission caused by the occlusion and overlapping of fruits and branches. The experimental results showed that the weight model memory of YOLO-GC was reduced by 53.9%, compared with the YOLOv5s. The number of parameters and the average inference time were reduced by 55.2% and 46.2%, respectively, whereas, the average precision (AP0.5) was improved by 1.2 percentage points. There was a lower amount of fruit leakage and misdetection in a variety of complex natural environments. The comprehensive performance of the YOLO-GC model was superior to that of CenterNet and seven commonly used network models, such as the YOLOv5s, YOLOv7, YOLOX, YOLOv8, CenterNet, Faster R-CNN, and RetinaNet target networks. The average accuracy of the YOLO-GC model was improved by 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 0.9, 1.7, 4.6, and 3.9 percentage points, respectively, only 6.69 MB of weighted memory, thus achieving 97.6%, 90.3%, 97.8%, and 97.0% for the precision, recall, average precision, and F1 score, respectively. The YOLOGC model was then deployed to the Android mobile App for testing. The detection accuracy reached 97.2%, which was 2.4 percentage points higher than that of the YOLOv5s. Furthermore, the inference duration (103ms) was reduced by 85.8%. The IC model fully met the requirements of high-accuracy recognition and real-time inference of green citrus on the Android phone side. The finding can provide technical support to detect the green-like fruits in complex environments. The improved model was also deployed in the edge intelligent devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of photovoltaic system and electrochemical technology can not only improve the treatment efficiency, reduce energy consumption and operating costs, but also help promote the application of clean energy in environmental protection and water resources management, and has a good application prospect for achieving sustainable and efficient sewage treatment. The application of photovoltaic conversion of solar energy in wastewater treatment is described, and the research progress of photovoltaic conversion in electrooxidation system, reverse osmosis process, electrocoagulation process, aeration equipment, electroflocculation technology and fenton technology is reviewed. The future research direction of solar energy application in wastewater treatment is also proposed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology / Shuiwendizhi Gongchengdizhi is the property of Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Water Conservancy Science & Techonlogy & Economy is the property of Water Conservancy Science & Technology & Economy Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

At present, China is faced with double-challenge of pollution control and carbon dioxide emission reduction, and "reducing pollution and carbon" has become an important grip of the social and economic green transformation. In this paper, against the background of "reducing pollution and carbon", the gray water footprint and carbon emissions originated from the inter-regional trading of 30 provincial regions in China in 2012 and 2017 were analyzed using a multi-regional input-output tables of 2012 and 2017 respectively, and from the perspective of network relationship, the inter-provincial gray-water footprint and the nature of carbon dioxide spatial correlation network were analyzed empirically using the social network analysis method. Consequently, it was showed that the gray-water footprint and carbon dioxide emissions were greater in the regions with larger economic scale such as Shandong, Henan and Jiangsu provinces, in contrast the regions of lesser economic scale such as Hainan, Qinghai and Ningxia, the grey-water footprint and carbon dioxide emissions were smaller. Shanxi and Inner Mongolia were the main regions where net gray-water footprint and carbon emission outflowed, while Guangdong, Zhejiang and Jiangsu are the main regions net gray water footprint inflowed, and the degree of regional development and transportation factors were the main reasons for those differences; and the inter-provincial grey-water footprint and CO2 spatial correlations in all of the regions were within the spatial correlation network, and the individual characteristics indicated that the regions of small economic scale in northwest were dominated by spillover effect, and for the regions of larger economic scale, the relationship of receiving the spillover were the main feature, which had been caused by the flow of products or services. Hopefully, the results obtained from the study could provide a basis for the formulation of scientific water resources management and carbon reduction policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sudden water pollution accident damages the ecological environment and endangers human life and health, conducting risk assessment of sudden water contamination in inland river basins is particularly important for maintaining fragile ecological security in the western region. In response to the sudden water pollution problem in the northwest inland river basin, the PSR model was used to select 18 factors to establish the risk evaluation index system of sudden water pollution, and the risk evaluation model of sudden water pollution was constructed based on the radial basis neural network model (RBF). To further ensure the model accuracy, the neural network model parameters are optimized using the particle swarm algorithm (IPSO) with improved inertia weighting factors and learning factors. Finally, an IPSO-RBF neural network risk assessment model for sudden water pollution in the northwest inland river was established, using this model to evaluate the risk class of sudden water contamination in the Wuwei Section of Shiyang River Basin from 2017 to 2022. The results show that the risk level of sudden water contamination was level II from 2017 to 2019, and level III from 2020 to 2022. The results are consistent with the entropy weight TOPSIS method and the watershed governance situation. The research results are beneficial for improving the prevention and control level and emergency response capacity of sudden water pollution in Shiyang River Basin, and are of great significance for water resource management in the northwest inland river basin and ecological protection in Qilian Mountains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Drought and water scarcity are inherent features of Xinjiang's physical geography. It is crucial to understand the spatiotemporal evolutionary patterns and influencing factors of water use for effective water resources demand management. In this study, we investigated the influencing factors which drive the temporal change and spatial heterogeneity in water use pattern in Xinjiang from 1990 to 2020 using the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method. In addition, we quantified the main influencing factors contributing to higher per capita water use in Xinjiang in comparison to the average levels of other regions in northwest China and whole China. The conclusions can be drawn: (1) The total water use in Xinjiang showed a first increasing then decreasing trend, whereas per capita water use showed an overall declining trend. (2) The change of water use intensity and industrial structure were the main reasons for the decline of total water use in Xinjiang. (3) High water intensity and agriculture dominated industrial structure were the main reasons for higher per capita water use in Xinjiang than other regions in northwest China and whole China. (4) Per capita water use across various prefectures in Xinjiang exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity, primarily attributable to variations in water use intensity, per capita GDP, and industrial structure. Based on the main results, we propose relevant water management policy recommendations, which can provide a scientific reference for sustainable water use and management in Xinjiang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the green efficiency of water use for grain production is one of the effective ways to reduce the scale of agricultural water use and realize the green development of agriculture. Based on the panel data of 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) in China from 2010 to 2020, the green efficiency of water use for grain production is evaluated by using the water footprint of grain production as an input indicator and the gray water footprint of grain production as a non- desired output, using the three- stage super- efficiency SBM-Malmquist index model, based on which the rebound of water use for grain production under the condition of technological progress is measured. The study found that: (1) Factors such as planting structure, irrigation technology and nitrogen fertilizer application have a significant impact on the water use efficiency of grain production; there are significant differences in the water footprint and gray water footprint of different grains; the average growth rate of the gray water footprint is ranked as follows: central China>eastern China>western China. (2) The external environment has a significant impact on the green efficiency of water use for grain production in China; after removing the environmental factors, the mean value of comprehensive technical efficiency decreases by 0.147, the mean value of pure technical efficiency and the mean value of scale efficiency decreases by 0.018 and 0.250, respectively; the green total factor productivity of water use for grain production as a whole is in the optimization stage, which is mainly dependent on the changes of technological progress. (3) Technology, as the dominant factor in improving agricultural water use efficiency, largely influences the pace of change in the rebound effect of water use for grain production in China. In addition to the eastern region in 2017, the rebound effect of water for grain production did not occur, the rebound effect exists in all other years, and the regional development of agricultural water conservation technology is characterized by an obvious imbalance. It is recommended to strengthen the management of agricultural water resources, deepen the potential of water use efficiency improvement, optimize the input structure of food production factors, and promote the up-lift and application of water-saving technologies, so as to mitigate water environmental pollution and realize the green and sustainable development of agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose:In order to solve the problem of endogenous pollution mainly caused by sediment,engineering measures such as dredging and dredging have been widely applied in water environment management projects such as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. At present, the amount of sediment generated by dredging and dredging in China is as high as 70 million tons,and it is still growing at a rate of 4%to 6%annually. At the same time,the dual attributes of "pollution" and "resources" of sediment also bring opportunities and challenges for its resource utilization. Method: Therefore, this article systematically reviews the principles, advantages and disadvantages, costs, and future development directions of current sediment resource utilization technology. Result and Conclusion: It is found that sediment resource utilization has involved multiple fields such as ecological restoration, construction, building material manufacturing, energy recovery, and environmental protection materials. In the future, the resource utilization of sediment should be achieved by establishing a sediment database in different zones to improve the accuracy of dredging engineering. Based on this, sediment should be utilized in different zones, layers, and classifications,and resource utilization technologies should be selected according to local conditions; At the same time,it is necessary to optimize the pre-treatment technology of sediment, improve the quality grade of sediment related products,and focus on toxic and harmful substances and new pollutants in sediment to achieve their safe utilization;Finally, we will improve the standard system for the entire process of sediment resource utilization and gradually standardize the market for sediment resource utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arid Zone Research / Ganhanqu Yanjiu is the property of Arid Zone Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Poyang Lake is the property of Journal of Poyang Lake Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] This study aims to explore the variation characteristics of streamflow components and baseflow index (BFI) in the Tuweihe River Basin, to clarify the impact of environmental factors on their variations, to identify the dominant factors, and to provide scientific basis for watershed water resources management. [Methods] Tuweihe River Basin in the middle reaches of the Yellow River was taken as the study area. The changes of surface runoff, baseflow and baseflow index (BFI) during the period 1958-2017 were analyzed. The correlation analysis and elasticity coefficient methods were employed to qualitatively and quantitively analyze the influence of environmental factors on them. [Results] The surface runoff and baseflow significantly decreased at a rate of 4.55 and 9.73 mm/decade (p<0.01), respectively, while the BFI showed a significant upward trend (p<0.05). Surface runoff (or baseflow, BFI) was highly sensitive to the changes in potential evapotranspiration, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and volumetric soil water. The changes in NDVI and potential evapotranspiration contributed to the majority of the changes in surface runoff (-34% and -29%), baseflow (-39% and -29%), and BFI (33% and 31%). [Conclusion] The direct and potential hydrological effects of vegetation restoration play an important role in reducing the streamflow components. The changes of streamflow components as well as their relations to environmental changes provide a theoretical basis for the sustainability of water resources and vegetation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The aims of this study are to explore the change characteristics and driving factors of runoff and sediment load in the Weihe River Basin, and to provide scientific basis for water resource management and ecological environment construction in the Weihe River Basin. [Methods] Based on the measured precipitation, runoff and sediment load data of Huaxian and Zhuangtou hydrological stations in the Weihe River Basin from 1957 to 2019, the trend and the change-point year of annual precipitation, runoff and sediment load were analyzed by modern mathematical statistical. The contribution rates of runoff and sediment load reduction in Weihe River Basin were calculated. The main influencing factors of human activities on runoff and sediment load changes in the Weihe River were discussed. [Results] There was a strong decreasing trend in runoff and sediment load of Weihe River Basin from 1957 to 2019 (p<0.01), and the annual precipitation fluctuated randomly and had no obvious change trend. Abrupt year analyses showed that more rapid declines for runoff began in 1990 (p<0.01), and sediment load began in 1996 (p<0.01). The contribution rates of precipitation to the reduction of runoff and sediment load were 19% and 17%, respectively. The contribution rates of runoff and sediment load reduction caused by human activities were 81% and 83%, respectively. [Conclusion] Human activities are the main reason for the significant reduction of runoff and sediment load in the Weihe River Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The aims of this study are to explore the runoff response of Zishui Basin under future climate change scenarios, and to provide scientific support for the sustainable development of the basin and the decision-making of flood control and drought control. [Methods] Based on three CMIP6 global climate models, the SDSM downscaling model and SWAT hydrological model were constructed to predict the changes of temperature and precipitation in the Zishui Basin during 2030—2089 under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 climate scenarios, and to further explore the response of runoff to climate change. [Results] Zishui Basin will present a significant warming and humidification trend in the future, and this trend will increase with the increase of discharge scenario. Spatially, the temperature rise of the whole basin is the largest in the vicinity of Xinning and Shaoyang stations. The increasing areas of precipitation mainly concentrate in the middle and lower reaches with Lengshuijiang as the center, while the decreasing area is located west of Dongkou station. In this context, the future annual runoff of Taojiang station and Shaoyang station will have the same variation trend with the watershed precipitation, and the amount of available water resources in the upstream area above Shaoyang station is more likely to decrease. Water resources in the basin will face the risk of more shortage in the dry season, and the flood season tends to advance, and the evenness of water resources allocation in the main flood season will increase. [Conclusion] Under the background of climate warming and humidification, the management of water resources in Zishui Basin will encounter more severe challenges, and the protection of water resources and the integrated management of Zishui Basin should be strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The aims of this study are to reveal the variation characteristics and future evolution trend of water surface evaporation in the Shule River Basin, to better understand the dynamic changes of water resources in the basin, so as to provide decision support for the planning and management of water resources utilization in the region. [Methods] Based on the monthly and yearly water surface evaporation data of four hydrology stations in Changmabao, Shuangtabao Reservoir, Dangcheng Bay and Danghe Reservoir from 1980 to 2020, linear dip rate, sliding t test, R/S analysis, BP neural network and other analysis methods were used to examine the characteristics of surface evaporation changes in the past 40 years, and the future evaporation and its change trend were predicted. [Results](1) The annual variation of water surface evaporation at all stations in the Shule River Basin showed a decreasing trend during 1980—2020, and the trend rate of each station was ranked as: Shuangtabao Reservoir Station(-187.10 mm/decade)>Danghe Reservoir Station(-178.20 mm/decade)>Changmabao Station(-33.00 mm/decade)>Dangchengwan Station(-30.00 mm/decade), among which the decrease trend of Shuangtabao Reservoir and Danghe Reservoir Station was very significant.(2) The water surface evaporation of Changmabao, Shuangtapao Reservoir and Danghe Reservoir Stations showed a decreasing trend in all seasons, while that of Dangchengwan Station showed an insignificant increasing trend in spring and a decreasing trend in other seasons.(3) The mutation years of Changmabao, Dangcheng Bay, Shuangtabao Reservoir and Danghe Reservoir were 2004, 2015, 2007 and 2007, respectively.(4) The uneven coefficient and concentration of evaporation on the surface of the basin showed a decreasing trend as a whole.(5) It is predicted that the evaporation of water surface will continue to show a downward trend in 2021—2026. [Conclusion] On the whole, the annual and seasonal water surface evaporation in the Shule River Basin shows a decreasing trend, and it also shows a decreasing trend in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Plateau Meteorology is the property of Plateau Meteorology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cold areas are primary runoff generation areas of China′s major rivers. The accuracy of their runoff forecasts directly affects the scheduling of downstream water conservancy projects and the water resources management. This study aims at the problem that traditional conceptual hydrological models rarely consider the combined effects of snowmelt and soil freezing and thawing processes on the runoff process. Based on the Xin′anjiang model and using precipitation and air temperature as driving data, this study proposes a conceptual soil freeze- thaw module based on the equivalent soil temperature and soil freeze-thaw characteristic curve to describe the runoff process under the joint influence of snowmelt and soil freeze-thaw, and a Xin′anjiang model considering snowmelt runoff and soil freeze-thaw is developed. Taking the watershed above the Ganzi hydrological station in the Upper Yalongjiang River basin as a typical research area to carry out the daily streamflow simulation during the snowmelt period of 2017—2022. The results show that, compared with the HBV model, the Xin′anjiang model with snowmelt runoff and soil freeze- thaw processes can significantly improve the accuracy of streamflow simulation of the Ganzi station during the snowmelt period. The median Nash efficiency coefficient increases from 0. 69 to 0. 83, and the median correlation coefficient increases from 0. 88 to 0. 92. The Xin′ anjiang model improved in this study that considers snowmelt and soil freezing and thawing can provide support for hydrological forecasting in cold regions of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By systematically combing the historical changes of Tongji Weir in Sichuan, this paper aims to explore the cultural heritage value contained in this project, and proposes a scheme on its protection, inheritance, and revitalization utilization. Tongji Weir was initially built in the middle and late Western Han Dynasty. It reached the peak of governance during the Tang and Song Dynasties, especially the Southern Song Dynasty. It flourished again after the Qing Dynasty. In the development process over two thousand years, the history of Tongji Weir Project has become an important component of regional history, giving birth to a group of influential literary works around the project, and the advanced technological value it contains is also unique. It demonstrates the superb water management wisdom of ancient Chinese irrigation engineering, providing historical experience and inspiration for sustainable irrigation development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Andrographis paniculata is one of the most important “Southern Medicines” in China. It is used for clearing heat and detoxifying, cooling blood and reducing swelling. Its main active ingredient andrographolide has functions in anti-cancer, anti-HIV, anti-inflammation and liver protection. Andrographolide is difficult to be synthesized artificially, mainly relying on extraction from cultivated plant materials. However, the quality of cultivated medicinal materials is affected by various factors such as soil, climate, water and fertilizer managements, and A. paniculata has a long growth cycle, occupying land resources. The technology of plant in vitro culture has significant advantages in rapid propagation of seedling and accumulation of active ingredients, which is one of the important ways to achieve production of active ingredients rapidly and efficiently in A. paniculata. The in vitro regeneration technology system of A. paniculata is becoming increasingly perfect, and the in vitro regeneration technology from explants to complete plants is becoming more and more mature, and it has been applied in seedling propagation and ploidy breeding. At the same time, during callus culture, cell suspension culture, adventitious root culture and hairy root culture of A. paniculata, the accumulation of andrographolide and other active ingredients in the culture could be greatly increased by optimizing the culture conditions and using appropriate inducers. This paper comprehensively and systematically reviewed the research advances on the in vitro culture technology of A. paniculata and production of andrographolide from the aspects of tissue, cell, adventitious root, and hairy root cultures. This paper aimed to provide reference for promoting the development and application of in vitro culture technology of A. paniculata, as well as for the study of in vitro production of andrographolide. It also put forward three aspects that need be focused on in future research on in vitro culture technology of A. paniculata and the production of andrographolides by this technology: (1)To mature and improve the tissues in vitro regeneration technology system of A. paniculata, and to establish a comprehensive and systematic evaluation system; (2)To further increase the yield of andrographolide and other important active ingredients by optimizing the culture conditions and its combination with efficient inducers; (3)To carry out researches in bioreactor culture of the production of andrographolide by cell suspension culture technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the combined influence of global climate change and economic and social development, the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources has become increasingly prominent, and agricultural water use is facing serious challenges. Reasonable adjustment of planting structure and optimal allocation of agricultural water resources are the key ways to ensure regional agricultural water demand. In order to improve the contradiction between supply and demand of agricultural water in irrigation areas and scientifically optimize the allocation of water resources in irrigation areas, this study took the Zhangfu River irrigation area in Handan City, Hebei Province as the research object, the minimum water shortage of agricultural irrigation and the maximum economic benefits of crops as the objective functions, and took into account the ecological security constraints of the irrigation area. A multi-objective and multi-water source optimal allocation model based on planting structure optimization was constructed. Eight different planting structure optimization scenarios were set for cropping system, crop type, planting system and irrigation method. The model was solved by the self-improved elite strategy and co-genetic algorithm (NSGAⅡ-S) to obtain the optimal allocation of water resources under different scenarios. The results showed that after the application of the model to optimize the planting structure, the reservoir water and the river water can be supplied to the downstream units of the private partition. The groundwater exploitation of each calculation unit was significantly reduced, and the water distribution between the calculation units of the private partition was obvious. The total water distribution was higher than that of the Fuyang River partition. The proportion of reservoir water distribution and groundwater water distribution in different scenarios was relatively stable and was used in each month. The water distribution of the Yellow River was mainly concentrated in the summer of the peak period of water use, and the use of reservoir water and river water was more in winter. Appropriate reduction mainly depended on the planting area of winter wheat irrigated by groundwater extraction. Changing irrigated agriculture to rain-fed agriculture greatly reduced the amount of groundwater and increased the economic benefits of irrigation areas. The best planting structure optimization scheme was CS4. In this scheme, the planting area of winter wheat was reduced by 17.10%, the groundwater exploitation was reduced by 16.42%, and the economic benefit of the irrigation area was increased by 26.41%. While ensuring the minimum total water distribution, it had higher economic benefits. The multi-objective and multi-water source optimal allocation model of the irrigation area constructed in this study comprehensively considered the agricultural irrigation water consumption and economic benefits of the irrigation area, clarified the water supply relationship of each sub-unit, and explored the planting structure of the irrigation area and the optimal allocation of water resources under the goal of groundwater exploitation. The new model gave full play to the rational allocation of water resources in the irrigation area and provided a decision-making basis for the planning and management of water resources in the irrigation area. The research results are helpful to give full play to the water source advantages of the irrigation area, provide an example for the optimal allocation of water resources in similar areas, and provide theoretical basis for ensuring food security and sustainable development of agricultural economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the issue of water leakage of automobile sunroofs, theoretical and experimental research on the inlet and drainage characteristics of automobile sunroofs are carried out. By simplifying the automobile sunroof drainage assembly system, the physical model of the sunroof drainage pipeline is constructed, and the pipeline design are modeled and derived, and the theoretical calculation formula of the maximum drainage capacity of the pipeline is obtained. A sunroof test bench is built to measure the influence of various parameters and pipeline parts on the drainage capacity of the drainage pipeline based on the theoretical analysis results, and the theoretical and test results are compared. The water inlet characteristics of the sunroof are experimentally studied, and the distribution characteristics of the water inlet and drainage of the sunroof under different vehicle conditions were analyzed. It is found that the water flow from the drainage pipe is distributed differently with the tilt angle of the vehicle, and the water drainage of the front side of the horizontal vehicle is higher than that of the rear. It is suggested that the slope of the vehicle should be considered in pipeline design to increase the design margin of the front water pipe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the capacity of regional agricultural water resources to support irrigated areas, restraining agricultural water usage, and controlling the expansion of irrigated farmland are crucial strategies for solving sustainable water use problems in the Hexi Corridor of northwest Gansu Province, China. In this paper, we applied the water balance principle and utilized the stepwise regression model to calculate the thresholds of water resource availability and the carrying capacity of the irrigated areas for the Hexi Corridor in different development scenarios. We used information on local water resources, water resource use, and the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water. The analysis shows the following results: (1) Under the economic priority development scenario, the total exploitable water resources in the Hexi Corridor region is 48.22x108 m³, and the threshold val- ue of the carrying irrigated area is 58.92x104 -67.16x104 hm². (2) Under the ecological priority development scenario, the total exploitable water resources are 34.44x108 m³, and the threshold value of the carrying irrigated area is 37.90x104 -43.20x104 hm². (3) Under the economic and ecological development scenario, the total exploitable water resources are 41.33x108 m³, and the threshold of the carrying irrigated area is 48.41x104 -55.18x104 hm². (4) The proportion of the micro-irrigation area and the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water have a significant positive correlation. This study can provide a basis for determining a reasonable irrigation area and optimizing the Hexi Corridor' s soil and water planning and distribution system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the warming of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the trend of increase in the number and size of plateau lakes is on the rise, with a noticeable expansion of lakes over the Kumkuli Basin in the eastern Kunlun Mountains. Ayakkum Lake is the largest saltwater lake in the Kumkuli Basin, and the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition data indicates that the lake has expanded to become the largest lake in Xinjiang. Based on the expedition data and remote sensing imagery, this study analyzes and subsequently discusses the change in the water volume of Ayakkum Lake and replenishment of its water sources, including glacier, permafrost, temperature, and precipitation. The results show that: (1) The area of Ayakkum Lake expanded from 623.03 km² in 1990 to 1141.67 km² in 2023, and the lake level rose by 7.28 m from 2002 to 2023, corresponding to an increase in water storage of 66.64x108 m³. (2) The glacier area in the Ayakkum Lake Basin decreased by 16.4 km² from 1990 to 2023, with a volume reduction of 1.96 km³. Until 2023, there were 451 glaciers with a total area of 324.26 km² in the region. (3) A distribution map of permafrost over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in 2010 shows that the continuous permafrost area was 12395 km² and seasonal permafrost area was 10652 km². (4) A water balance analysis of the area indicates that glacier and permafrost meltwater account for 9% and 5% of the total inflow into Ayakkum Lake, respectively, whereas runoff from land surface precipitation in seasonal frost and permafrost regions accounts for 67% of the total inflow into Ayakkum Lake. Additionally, replenishment to the lake water surface via direct precipitation accounts for 19% of the total inflow into Ayakkum Lake. In other words, the expansion of the lake mainly resulted from an increase in precipitation over the Ayakkum Lake Basin. This study reveals the land surface hydrological processes in the Kumkuli Basin and provides reference for local governments to optimize water resource allocation and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Accurate multi-step-ahead flood forecasting is beneficial for flood control and disaster reduction efforts, as well as optimizing water resource management. This study proposed a runoff process vectorization method (RPV) and combined it with three machine learning (ML) models to construct the RPV-ML flood forecasting series models. The research area comprises three typical river basins: Gushanchuan River, Jialu River, and Zuli River, in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River. Rainfall-runoff data from 43, 28, and 37 flood events were respectively used for model training and validation, with a ratio of 7∶ 3 for flood events. The research shows that: ① Under the same lead time conditions, RPV-ML has higher Nash efficiency coefficients(ENS ), lower root mean square errors(ERMS ), and lower relative errors(ER) of peak in flood forecasting for the Gushanchuan River, Jialu River, and Zuli River basins. RPV-ML outperforms ML models in terms of predictive performance, especially in lead times of 4-6 hours. ② The accuracy of RPV-ML and ML models gradually decreases as the lead time increases, but RPV-ML exhibits a slower decline in accuracy and demonstrates better robustness. ③ The RPV- improved Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) can better overcome forecasting errors, and the RPV- TCN model performs the best in terms of predictive performance among the three basins. The research findings can provide the scientific basis for flood control and disaster reduction efforts in river basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluating the coordination among water resources, social economy, and ecological environment could offer guidance for the utilization and management of water resources in the Yellow River. An evaluation index system for water resources carrying capacity was constructed based on the subsystems of water resources, social economy, and ecological environment. The VIKOR method was utilized to assess the water resources carrying capacity of nine provinces along the Yellow River from 2008 to 2021. Additionally, the Mantel test method was introduced to analyze the categories of water resources carrying capacity and their influencing factors. The results show that the water resources carrying capacity of nine provinces along the Yellow River have exhibited a continuous upward trend from 2008 to 2021. With the enhancement of social and economic development and ecological environment protection, the level of water resources carrying capacity has notably increased after 2015. Spatially, there is a pattern of strong capacity in the west, followed by the east, and weaker capacity in the middle. Among them, Qinghai is the strongest, and Ningxia is the weakest. The types of water resources carrying capacity vary in each province. Qinghai, Gansu and Shaanxi fall under the category of water resources endowment type, while Ningxia and Inner Mongolia are classified as water resources-social economy type. Sichuan, Shanxi, Henan, and Shandong are categorized as comprehensive type. Water resources endowment forms the basis of water resources carrying capacity in nine provinces along the Yellow River. Factors such as water production modulus, per capita water resources, and precipitation depth are key determinants of the water resources subsystem. Moreover, there is a high reliance on the social economy and ecological environment subsystem, which necessitate enhancement through industrial upgrading, improving water use efficiency, and ecological environment protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a crucial link in water circulation. It plays an important role in the global water cycle and surface energy balance, and has significant impacts on climate, ecosystems, and water resources management. Therefore, the quality of evapotranspiration data is crucial for the precise management of global water resources. This study conducted accuracy validation and spatiotemporal comparison of three ET products in the Northern Hemisphere, selecting the ET products that is more suitable for the Northern Hemisphere, providing suggestions for strengthening the combination of remote sensing and ground observation research. Using the monthly average measured data from FluxNet2015 flux sites to verify three ET products, it was found that PML&lowbar; V2 product has the highest accuracy in the Northern Hemisphere, followed by GLDAS, and finally MOD16A2, with correlation coefficients R of 0.66, 0.57, and 0.56, respectively; The root mean square error (RMSE) is 2.46, 5.68, and 12.42 mm/month, respectively; The average biases are 14.36%, 16.86%, and 35.02%, respectively. The GLDAS ET product has the ability to monitor daily scale ET, and the consistency between the daily average estimated value and the measured value at the flux tower site is high. The correlation coefficient R is 0.74, and the RMSE and Bias are 1.62mm/day and 27.90%, respectively. Overall, on the time scale, all three ET products can simulate the seasonal changes in the Northern Hemisphere, with higher summer evapotranspiration and lower winter evapotranspiration. The three ET products in summer all have overestimation phenomena on different land cover types, and the simulation results in other seasons are better than the ground observation values. Among them, MOD16A2 performs the worst, and the overestimation phenomenon is the most obvious. In addition, during the period from 2001 to 2020, except for arid areas, the spatial distribution of the three ET products was relatively consistent in most regions, with a correlation coefficient R greater than 0.6. This study provides scientific recommendations for selecting suitable ET data sources for conducting evapotranspiration studies in the Northern Hemisphere by evaluating the uncertainty and product quality of different ET products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the background of systematic and full-field promotion of sponge city construction, the allocation of Low Impact Development (LID) facilities holds significant implications for urban stormwater management. In this study, we established a stormwater model for he Yixing City area in Jiangsu Province, utilizing the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) . A comprehensive objective function was ormulated, taking into account the reduction rates of runoff volume, Suspended Solids (SS) load, Life Cycle Cost (LCC), and the area occupied by LID facilities. Through the assignment of weights to objective parameters in different scenarios, the multi-objective optimization problem was transformed into a single objective optimization problem, where each weight represented the priority of the corresponding objecive parameter. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) was then applied to derive the optimal LID layout under diverse scenarios, to analyze and compare the impact of different priorities and recurrence periods of target parameters on optimization results. The results indicate that: (1) Under he same weight conditions, LCC exhibits a more pronounced impact on GA optimization calculations compared to LID area. (2) The spatial alocative optimization of LID facilities in small subcatchments located upstream is particularly susceptible to the rainfall return period. The research findings offer valuable insights for the spatial allocative optimization of LID facility and urban flood control in sponge city construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Architectural Journal / Jian Zhu Xue Bao is the property of Architectural Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The watershed carbon cycle is an important part of the global carbon cycle, playing an important role in seeking global carbon sinks that have been missed. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is one of the important indicators for studying the carbon cycle of water bodies in the basin. As an important component of terrestrial ecosystems, karst water bodies containing high DIC concentrations play an important role in the global carbon cycle. The Lujiang river basin, a typical development area of karst graben basin, is an applicable place for us to study the carbon migration and transformation of water bodies. In order to study the hydrochemical types and sources of DIC in the rivers of the Lujiang river basin, sampling data of hydrochemistry and carbon isotope from 14 surface water points, 8 underground river points, and 10 spring points during the rainy season were analyzed. It is believed that exploring the proportional contribution of DIC sources in different water bodies may help to understand the sources and cycles of groundwater DIC under the influence of human activities, providing scientific references for water resource management. Firstly, this study determines the hydrochemical types of different water bodies through the Piper trilinear map and Schukalev classification. The results show that regardless of the type of water body in the study area, the hydrochemical type in the drainage basin is mainly HCO3-Ca, belonging to the "type of carbonate rock weathering". Due to the long interaction time between water and rock, the rock weathering in groundwater is more obvious than in surface water. Secondly, the analyses of ion sources in water bodies by Gibbs plot indicate the consistency in the hydrochemical composition, changes, and origin mechanisms between groundwater and surface water. The controlled mechanism belongs to the "leaching type of rock weathering". Thirdly, due to the widespread distribution of carbonate rocks in the study area, an analysis has been conducted on carbonate rock dissolution in order to distinguish the relative contribution of limestone and dolomite dissolution to the chemical ion compositions of water bodies in the watershed. It is found that there are additional sources of Mg2+ and Ca2+ in the surface water of the Lujiang river basin, while other acids participate in the chemical weathering reaction in the water bodies of the underground river points and spring points. Furthermore, it is determined that SO42- and NO3- are involved in the rock weathering in the basin, which has caused a large disturbance to the hydrochemical characteristics of water bodies in the basin. The Lujiang river basin is mixed with carbonate and silicate rocks. Therefore, the main sources of HCO3- in water are classified into three types: carbonate rocks weathered and dissolved by carbonic acid, carbonate rocks weathered by sulfuric acid/nitric acid, and silicate rocks weathered by carbonic acid. Based on the quantitative analysis by ion ratio method, carbonate rocks weathered by carbonic acid contribute average 68.8% to HCO3-, carbonate rocks weathered by sulfuric acid/nitric acid 27.2%, and silicate rock weathered by carbonic acid 3.9%. During the weathering process of water bodies in the Lujiang river basin, carbonate rocks are mainly weathered by carbonic acid. Finally, the verification by carbon isotope method has been compared with the measured values to show that the theoretical average values of underground river water and spring water δ13CDIC&lowbar;Th are relatively close, while the values of surface water are positive too, indicating that the source of DIC in surface water is not only controlled by rock weathering, but also by biogeochemical processes within river water bodies. In comparison, the areas of surface rivers are more significantly affected by human activities with severe urbanization and agricultural activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The drought of water resources is the key factor that limits the sustainable development of irrigation areas. In order to improve the ability of drought prevention and control of irrigation area and make it play a better role in water saving and disaster reduction, Pishihang Irrigation District is taken as the study area. By dividing the sub-units of water resources allocation and setting up regulation and storage nodes, the optimal fairness and the minimum water supply shortage rate is used as the objective function, total quantity control, water supply capacity and different quality water supply as constraints, the non-dominant genetic algorithm based on elite strategy is adopted to solve the problem, and the regional General Water Allocation and Simulation Model(GWAS) is constructed. With 2022 as the base year and combined with 2023 planning year, it is divided into two categories: continuous drought and discontinuous drought. Based on the regulation idea of "three times balance of emergency drought" of water resources in irrigated areas, and on the basis of analyzing water shortage in irrigated areas under different drought scenarios, the drought resistance allocation of water resources in irrigation area is studied. The supply and demand balance of water resources under different drought relief schemes is deduced and analyzed. The results show that in the continuous drought year and the 2023 planning year of irrigation district, under the water inflow frequency of scenario I (P=90%) and scenario II (P= 80%), there are different degrees of water shortage in each township allocation unit, and the total regional water shortage rates are 35.1% and 20.8%, respectively. In the discontinuous drought years, in the 2023 planning year, under the water frequency of scenario III (P= 50%), the benchmark water allocation of the model can basically meet the water demand of villages and towns in the region, and the total water shortage rate of the region is 5.9%. After the optimal allocation of water replenishment at the tail pumping station of different drought relief schemes, adjustment of crop planting structure and external water transfer, the total water shortage rate in the three scenarios is finally reduced to 0%. After optimization, the water supply improvement effect of each configuration unit is significant. The research results can provide a technical support for the reasonable adjustment of water resources under different drought types in Pishihang Irrigation District in the future, and provide a theoretical basis for realizing unified water resources management and unified allocation of water resources in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim: This study provides a comprehensive scientometric analysis of research literature in the field of water resources management in Iran, aiming to identify trends, patterns, and the impact of research in this domain between the years 2006 to 2023. Materials and methods: To map the scientific landscape of this field, all published articles by Iranian authors in international journals (662 documents) were collected from the Scopus database within the time frame 2006-2023. Scientometric techniques such as co-authorship networks and co-occurrence maps of keywords were utilized for data analysis. Key indices such as h-index, citation counts, and journal impact factors were calculated to assess the visibility and impact of Iranian research in water resources management. Statistical analyses were conducted using R software and VOSviewer. Findings: The findings revealed that the growth rate of Iranian papers in water resource management was 24.05%. In addition to quantity, the quality and citation rate of the articles have also increased over the years. A significant relationship (r=0.584) was observed between the number of documents and the number of citations of the authors. Furthermore, with an increase in the number of authors for each article, the number of citations for that article also increased significantly (r=0.180). The analysis of the scientific map of the studies revealed the identification of a pattern of six clusters, and climate change and water supply sustainability as the first cluster received the most emphasis in studies by Iranian authors. Conclusion: Climate change and water supply sustainability are among the most important areas that have received attention from Iranian researchers in recent years, which seems reasonable given the trend of climate change and frequent droughts in the country. There has been a significant increase in the number of citations as the number of documents authored by researchers has risen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important tool for water management in irrigation areas and basic hardware support for digital irrigation area construction, measurement and control facilities can effectively help managers accurately grasp the water source and real-time water consumption of users, and can also provide a forceful guarantee for water fee collection, total water consumption control and quota management in irrigation areas. Taking the measurement and control gate in Ningxia Huanghuang irrigation area as an example, this paper systematically analyzes its application status summarizes and condenses the main results from the aspects of improving the management level of irrigation area consolidating the results of confirming practical water rights, and improving the transparency of water fee collection, puts forward the key problems in application from the aspects of equipment hardware level planning and design operation and maintenance and it puts forward relevant opinions and suggestions on the selection and design of measurement and control facilities in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaboration in the prevention and control of water resource disasters is an important part of the prevention and cooperation of international river conflicts. It is also an important means to promote the de-securitization of water resources. Taking the Ili River and Lancang-Mekong River, two typical transboundary rivers in China, as the objects of analysis, this paper identifies the deficiencies in disaster early warning and emergency management of transboundary rivers in China from the perspectives of breadth, depth, and closeness. The main existing problems are summarized as follows: (J) There is no mature collaborative management mechanism for water resource disasters within the basin with an integrated platform to share data, predict disasters, formulate strategies, and communicate information. © Due to the lack of an efficient two-way disclosure system, there is little information sharing among the basin countries. © Special funds for water resource cooperation in the basin are far from enough, and they are characterized as scattered, small in amount, and intermittent. Accordingly, this paper proposes four principles for collaborative management over transboundary river disasters: information sharing, equal consultation, no significant harm, and integrated planning. Furthermore, a mechanism for disaster early warning and emergency cooperative management over transboundary rivers is proposed, including a special fund for basin water resource cooperation, an information sharing system, a disaster risk assessment system, and an emergency management decision system. Safeguard measures to support the operation of the management mechanism are put forward, including joint construction of water conservancy projects, technical assistance, interest compensation, legal system construction, fund establishment, disaster insurance, and so on. The mechanism proposed in this paper can not only make up for the deficiencies of the existing management mechanism framework of transboundary rivers in China, but also provide a reference for the implementation of disaster early warning and emergency management of other transboundary rivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)