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Background Hypertension is a common chronic non-communicable disease affecting the health of the people in China. As an important gateway for hypertension management and control, the management ability of primary care directly affects the management effect. The current status and common rules of hypertension management in primary care in China need to be further explored. Objective To understand the current status of hypertension management in primary care in China, summarize the typical experience, and provide suggestions for the optimization of hypertension management in China. Methods From November to December 2021, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 29 hypertension management stakeholders in five provinces in China. Guided by the World Health Organization's health system, the interviews were analyzed from six dimensions of leadership and governance, service delivery, health workforce, health financing, access to medicines and equipment, and health information system. Results For leadership and governance, hypertension management in primary care mainly relies on contracted family doctor service, and requires the collaborative management of medical institutions and public health departments. In terms of service provision, general practice and specialty integration services should be provided to meet the individual medical needs of patients. For health workforce, community general practitioners are the main force of hypertension management in primary care, and their work motivation should be improved by performance appraisal and distribution according to their work. For health financing, hypertensive patients can obtain preferential policy support of medical insurance reimbursement at primary care. For medicine accessibility, basic medical equipment and essential hypertension drugs are available in primary care. For health information system, the regional medical and health information platform can realize health information sharing and service coordination among contracted patients. Conclusion Primary health care institutions are responsible for the long-term follow-up and management of hypertension patients. It is necessary to further enhance the capacity of primary health care comprehensive management and primary health service supply, strengthen the capacity building of primary health care personnel, improve the reimbursement and payment system of medical insurance, improve the drug and equipment conditions for hypertension treatment in primary care, and effectively empower hypertension management in primary care through informatization, which can effectively improve hypertension management in primary care.

This study aimed at the epitope mapping and allergencity reduction of the wheat non-gluten allergen α-amylase inhibitor. Its linear epitopes were predicted by using bioinformatic prediction tools DNAstar, IMED, and IEDB. Six candidate epitopes were obtained by comprehensive analysis, and four linear epitopes were verified by using indirect competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA). The allergenicity of the allergen was reduced by interaction with polyphenols, A non-covalent complex of α-amylase inhibitor and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was prepared and characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, and the efficiency of allergenicity reduction was investigated by ic-ELISA. Results showed that the complex with a molar ratio of α-amylase inhibitor to EGCG of 1:30 had the lowest IgE-binding capacity. The binding capacity was reduced by 22.7%. Molecular docking simulations by using Autodock software further demonstrated that the allergenicity reduction was due to the interactions of the linear epitopes of α-amylase inhibitor and their nearby residues with EGCG. This study can provide a reference for the epitope mapping of wheat non-gluten allergens and the preparation of polyphenols to reduce their allergenicity.

This study was implemented in order to explore the effect of ultrasound-assisted H2O2-Vitamin C (VC) degradation on ginseng polysaccharides (GPS). GPS were extracted from ginseng by water extraction followed by alcohol precipitation and separated and purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. Fraction GPS-1A was degraded into a low-molecular-mass polysaccharide DGPS-1A under the following conditions: sample concentration 4.2 mg/mL, H2O2-VC concentration 10.3 mmol/L and ultrasound power 1 006 W. Meanwhile, the structural characteristics of GPS-1A and DGPS-1A, their inhibitory effects on major starch digestive enzymes and their antioxidant activities were studied. The results showed that the relative molecular masses of GPS-1A and DGPS-1A were 135 and 77.8, respectively, but the composition of monosaccharides did not change after ultrasound-assisted H2O2-VC degradation. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra also showed that the major functional groups of the polysaccharide were not damaged after degradation. In addition, DGPS-1A showed stronger in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities than did GPS-1A. At the maximum concentration (6 mg/mL), the inhibition rates of α-glucosidase and α-amylase and the scavenging rates of 1,1-diphenyl-2-trichrophenylhydrazine radical (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical by DGPS-1A were (90.83 ± 3.04)%, (78.03 ± 2.29)%, (89.56 ± 1.17)% and (76.85 ± 1.63)%, compared to only (65.16 ± 2.53)%, (54.04 ± 1.97)%, (31.77 ± 2.42)% and (30.85 ± 2.29)% with GPS-1A, respectively. Moreover, the reducing power of DGPS-1A was 2.03 times higher than that of GPS-1A. These results indicate that ultrasound-assisted H2O2-VC degradation of ginseng polysaccharides has potential application in the development of functional foods with antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities.

Objective To study the effect of light-emitting diode (LED) red light on the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and its mechanism were discussed. Methods This study has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee. hDPSCs were cultured by tissue block enzyme digestion. The proliferative capacity of hDPSCs was detected by the CCK-8 at days 1, 3, 5 and 7 under stimulation with 0, 1, 5 and 10 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the LPS stimulatory concentration was screened. The CG group (mineralization induction), LPS+CG group, and LPS+CG+ (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 J/cm2) LED red light groups were set. On day 7, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and ALP activity were determined. Relative expression levels of the ALP, osterix (OSX), dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) genes were measured by qRT-PCR. On day 21, alizarin red staining and calcium nodule quantitative determination were performed to screen the best light energy. The LPS+CG group and LPS+CG+LED group (optimal energy) were set up, and the secretion and expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were detected by ELISAs on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. The relative expression levels of the extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular regulated protein kinases 5 (ERK5) proteins and their phosphorylated proteins in the MAPK signaling pathway were detected by Western blots. After the pathway was blocked, the relative expression levels of the ALP, OSX, DMP-1, and DSPP proteins after LED red light irradiation on day 7 were detected by Western blots. Results CCK-8 assays showed that the proliferation of hDPSCs induced by 10 μg/mL LPS was lower than that of the 0, 1, and 5 μg/mL groups on the 5th and 7th days (P0.05). Conclusion In inflammatory conditions, LED red light promotes osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. This effect may be attributed to enhancement of the ERK1/2, JNK, and ERK5 signaling pathways, which reduces the production of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β.

This review summarized and analyzed the immunoassay techniques, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunochromatographic assay, and chemiluminescence immunoassay, which have been applied in the detection of amantadine residue, and provides an outlook on their development.

In order to better apply digital technology to the clothing industry, we broke through the traditional method of obtaining clothing samples, and combined reverse engineering method with three-dimensional clothing design to design the structure and function of young women's night running clothes. Firstly, the human body data of 103 female college students were collected by using 3D body scanner and analyzed by SPSS software. The human body model was constructed by using 3D virtual design platform, and the outer contour curve of clothing was directly drawn on the human body model to construct the basic clothing surface. Then, according to the style drawing, the dividing line was drawn, the 3D clothing surface was flattened to obtain the 2D sample, and the 3D virtual fitting software was used for virtual fitting. The virtual pressure test was performed on 26 pressure points in 6 postures of running, and the pressure of the two types of clothing was compared. Finally, the night running clothes design was combined with Lilypad Arduino development board to determine the final style design for sample garment production and subjective evaluation by comparing the virtual pressure values of the night running clothes. The evaluation results show that the proposed method is effective for the automatic generation of tight-fitting garment design and pattern generation.

摘要 目的 探讨Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1-核因子E2相关因子2/血红素加氧酶-1（Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1，KEAP1-NRF2/HO-1）通路介导发光二极管（light-emitting diode，LED）红光对高糖诱导下人牙周膜干细胞（human periodontal ligament stem cells，hPDLSCs）成骨分化和氧化损伤的影响，为LED红光在细胞抗氧化损伤中的应用提供依据。方法 流式细胞术、碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase，ALP）染色和茜素红染色鉴定hPDLSCs；高糖预处理hPDLSCs 48 h，用1、3、5 J/cm2 LED红光照射细胞，CCK-8实验选择促细胞增殖率高的辐射曝光量进行后续实验。将hPDLSCs分为对照组、高糖组、高糖+光照组；ALP染色、ALP活性检测、茜素红染色和半定量分析检测成骨分化能力，qRT-PCR和Western blot检测细胞成骨相关基因ALP、Runt相关转录因子2（runt-related transcription factor 2，RUNX2）、成骨细胞特异性转录因子（osterix，OSX）基因和蛋白表达；qRT-PCR检测相关抗氧化酶基因超氧化物歧化酶2（superoxide dismutase 2，SOD2）、过氧化氢酶（catalase，CAT）表达；荧光显微镜观察和流式细胞术测定细胞内活性氧簇（reactive oxygen species，ROS）水平；ELISA检测细胞上清液中肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（interleukin-1β，IL-1β）水平。以NRF2特异性抑制剂ML385抑制NRF2通路，ALP染色、ALP活性检测细胞早期成骨分化能力，qRT-PCR检测早期成骨分化标志物ALP、RUNX2、OSX基因表达，Western blot检测细胞KEAP1、NRF2、HO-1蛋白表达水平。结果 选择促高糖诱导下hPDLSCs增殖率最高的5 J/cm2辐射曝光量进行后续实验（P

BACKGROUND Sulfur is an active element with multiple chemical forms, which plays a vital role in the regulation of redox chemistry. Reduced inorganic sulfur (RIS) including acid volatile sulfur (AVS), elemental sulfur (ES) and pyrite sulfur (CRS) is the most active part of sulfur species in sediments and plays an important role in controlling the geochemical behavior of iron, phosphorus and heavy metals in sediments. Separation and determination of reduced inorganic sulfur in anoxic sediments are critical to ecological and geological studies of sulfur cycles.Both distillation and diffusion methods can be effectively used to separate AVS, ES, and CRS in sediments. However, the current methods for extracting sulfur species are difficult to adapt to the large number of samples in geological and environmental research. Due to the reaction time, requirements of 24h for single sulfur species in the diffusion method limits the number of samples that can be processed on a timely basis. This limitation presents a problem for analyzing fresh anoxic sediment samples which have to be processed immediately to minimize the risk of sulfide re-oxidation. The detection method has the disadvantages of having a cumbersome testing process, long analysis time, and easy loss of sulfur components. OBJECTIVES To achieve efficient and continuous determination of reduced inorganic sulfur forms in bulk sediment samples. METHODS The method used in this experiment was improved based on the thermal distillation method, which was used to continuously extract the reduced inorganic sulfur from sediments. The reaction flask used in the experiment was a three-head round-bottom flask. A nitrogen flushing pipe, a condenser tube and two injection tubes were connected to each of the small necks. For the AVS procedure, 1.00g sediment sample reacted with 10mL of 6mol/L HCl under nitrogen gas at an elevated temperature (90℃) to convert reduced sulfur species into hydrogen sulfide which was subsequently carried by a nitrogen gas stream into a trap. For the CRS procedure, 20mL of CrCl2 solution was added to the sediment in the distillation flask after the AVS procedure, and 10mL of 6mol/L HCl was immediately placed in the flask at an elevated temperature (90℃), flushed with nitrogen. For the ES procedure, 20mL DMF were poured into the sample flask which contained acid and CrCl2 solutions from the previous procedure. 20mL of CrCl2 solution and 10mL of 6mol/L HCl were injected into the flask, and the reaction was allowed to take place at 90℃ purging with nitrogen. During the entire distillation process, H2S gas was absorbed by NaOH solution, and then oxidized by H2O2 to SO42-. The concentrations of SO42- were obtained by ion chromatography. RESULTS Repeatability experiments (n=3) were conducted on sediment samples from the Three Gorges Reservoir area and the mean values of acid volatile sulfur, elemental sulfur and pyrite sulfur were obtained as 0.19, 0.37 and 3.10μmol/g, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSD) of the experimental results were 5.26%, 1.22% and 3.09%, respectively. In order to test the effectiveness of the distillation procedures, Na2S·9H2O, pyrite and S were added in the sediment to reveal the corresponding standard recoveries. An average of 92.8% of the added Na2S·9H2O was recovered by the AVS diffusion method. An average of 93.6% of the added pyrite was recovered by the CRS diffusion method. An average of 94.1% of the added elemental sulfur was recovered by the ES diffusion method. In the literature, recovery of AVS by the improved diffusion method ranged from 82.01% to 108.71%, and recovery of ES ranged from 92.25% to 98.08% (n=3), respectively.The modified apparatus presented in this paper was an economic version which uses rubber and glass parts. The method provided the advantages of lower sample weighing, and simple operation. Compared with the diffusion method (24h), the extraction time for individual sulfur forms by our distillation method was just 1.5h. The recoveries achieved by the method are comparable to those reported for earlier methods. In addition, the results are more like the data on reduced inorganic sulfur content obtained by Hongbin Yin after measuring sediment samples from Taihu Lake using the modified cold diffusion method, indicating that the method designed in this study has a high degree of confidence.Geochemical processes of sulfur in river aquatic systems play a crucial role in environmental evolution. In this study, the distributions and seasonal variation of reduced inorganic sulfur (RIS) in the Three Gorges Reservoir area surface sediments were investigated. Surface sediment samples were collected from 8 points in the section from Yunyang to Zigui in the Three Gorges Reservoir area in August and December 2017. The result showed that the AVS and ES contents were higher in summer than in winter, and the trend of RIS in the section from Yunyang to Zigui was roughly decreasing, with obvious seasonal and spatial changes. Low sulfur pollution in the Three Gorges Reservoir area was observed. CONCLUSIONS The improved thermal distillation method and apparatus in this study have significant advantages in the extraction efficiency of reduced inorganic sulfur from sediments. The extraction time of this study for individual sulfur form is 1.5h, less than the diffusion method. The established analytical method has good precision and accuracy, which is suitable for investigation studies with large numbers of samples such as environmental research and geological surveys.

Objective To study the epidemiology of mold infections in China. Methods Based on the surveillance data of 19 hospitals participating in the China Hospital Invasive Fungal Surveillance Net from Jan 2019 to Jun 2022, the general information of patients and the epidemiological characteristics such as the proportion of different strains and clinical infection were analyzed by WHONET software. Results A total of 16 285 mold infection cases were included in the analysis, of which 49.3% were patients aged 61 and over, with the median age of 60 years old. The proportion of males was significantly higher than that of females (62.1% vs. 37.9%). The patients were mainly from the internal medicine, ICU and surgical wards. Most strains were isolated from lower respiratory tract, accounting for 81.7%, followed by pus and secretions (7.8%). In terms of species distribution, Aspergillus spp. accounted for the highest proportion (84.8%), with Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., order Mucorales and Sedosporium spp. accounting for 5.1%, 3.0%, 1.3% and 0.4%, respectively. For species distribution among different mold infection, 88.7% of lower respiratory tract mold infections were caused by Aspergillus spp., and Aspergillus fumigatus(47.8%) was the most common species. Otomycosis was mainly caused by Aspergillus spp.(98.7%), of which Aspergillus terreus accounted for 39.7%, and ophthalmomycosis was mainly caused by Fusarium spp.(54.6%). Conclusions By the retrospective analysis of mold isolation from multicenter in China, we found that Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus terreus, and Fusarium spp. were the most common species causing pneumonomycosis, otomycosis, and ophthalmomycosis, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the differences in species distribution among different mold infections in clinical empirical treatment of fungal infections.

Objective： To establish a rapid qualitative and quantitative method for the adulteration of Camellia seed oil. Methods： The electronic nose technology combined with chemometrics was used to screen the difference variables based on one-way ANOVA. The qualitative model for identification of adulteration types of camellia seed oil was established through principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA). A quantitative model for identifying the types and degrees of camellia seed oil adulteration was established using orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS). Results： The R2 of the model was over 0.98, the RMSEE was lower than 0.005, and the RMSECV was lower than 0.01, which had the high performance indicators. Through external verification, the qualitative identification rate of DA model for camellia seed oil samples of different adulteration types was as high as 100%, and OPLS model had good accuracy. Conclusion： The electronic nose technology combined with chemometrics could realize the rapid and nondestructive identification of camellia seed oil adulteration.

BACKGROUND As an important component of plant nitrogenase, nitrate reductase and human enzyme prosthetic groups, Mo plays an important role in maintaining plant growth and development, and human health. A previous study showed that total molybdenum in soil was mainly restricted by soil parent material and soil type, and effective molybdenum was mainly affected by total molybdenum content, soil texture, pH value and organic matter (Liu Peng, 2001; Wei Minghui, 2020; Xia Yan, 2021). The Huaibei Plain in Anhui Province is located in the molybdenum deficient soil area of the North China Plain. At present, there is a lack of systematic research on the molybdenum content and its driving factors in the soil in this area. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the distribution of soil molybdenum content and its influencing factors in agricultural land for scientific fertilization and improvement of soil molybdenum availability. OBJECTIVES To study the content and spatial distribution characteristics of total molybdenum and available molybdenum in different types of soil, and deeply analyze the main factors restricting the distribution characteristics of total molybdenum and available molybdenum in surface soil and put forward scientific suggestions for scientific fertilization of soil and improvement of soil molybdenum availability. METHODS When the crops were mature, surface soil samples with a depth of 0-20cm were collected, and the sampling density was one sample/km2. The contents of total molybdenum, available molybdenum, iron oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, phosphorus, manganese, organic matter and pH value in soil were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and other methods. The content and spatial distribution characteristics of total molybdenum and available molybdenum in soil were studied by using statistics, Pearson correlation analysis and other methods, and the main factors restricting the distribution characteristics of total molybdenum and available molybdenum in soil were analyzed and revealed. RESULTS The contents of total molybdenum and available molybdenum in lime concretion black soil were mainly deficient, and the proportion of total molybdenum and available molybdenum deficiency in soil was 93.3% and 87.3%, respectively. The correlation coefficients of total molybdenum content with pH value, manganese, iron oxide, phosphorus, and silicon and aluminum ratio (i.e. the ratio of silicon oxide and aluminum oxide content in the soil) in lime concretion black soil were 0.268, 0.213, 0.189, 0.153 and -0.199 respectively, and the correlation coefficients of available molybdenum in lime concretion black soil with pH value and organic matter were -0.310 and 0.117, respectively. The proportion of slightly deficient, moderate, and slightly enriched total molybdenum content in fluvo-aquic soil was 31.2%, 28.4% and 21.1% respectively, and the correlation coefficients of total molybdenum content with manganese, phosphorus and organic matter in fluvo-aquic soil were 0.611, 0.330 and 0.205 respectively. The proportion of soil area lacking available molybdenum content in fluvo-aquic soil was 86.2%, and the correlation coefficient between total molybdenum and available molybdenum content in fluvo-aquic soil was 0.166. CONCLUSIONS The low content of total molybdenum in lime concretion black soil was mainly affected by soil pH, manganese, iron oxide, phosphorus, and silicon and aluminum ratio. The pH value and organic matter are important factors that restrict the low content of available molybdenum in lime concretion black soil. The content of total molybdenum in fluvo-aquic soil was significantly related to manganese, phosphorus and organic matter. The low content of total molybdenum was an important factor for the deficiency of available molybdenum in fluvo-aquic soil. It is suggested that scientific fertilization should be carried out by comprehensively considering the content of available molybdenum in soil and its main limiting factors, in which organic fertilizer should be applied to the lime concretion black, and molybdenum fertilizer should be applied reasonably to the fluvo-aquic soil.

With the rapid development of mobile services, big data, cloud services, and artificial intelligence, traditional network services cannot no longer meet the requirements of current network development and solve the problems of the resource allocation and scheduling ossification in the current network. Therefore, by using network virtualization technologies, we can provide the flexible network resource configuration information for users to reduce network cost and improve network resource efficiency. The required bandwidth resources of each virtual link are divided into different transmission line rate by employing mixed line rate splitting. We propose an optimized cost approach for Virtual Optical Network (VON) mapping based on mixed line rate. Simulation results show that the proposed optimized cost approach of VON mapping based on mixed line rate can achieve better optimization and balance in terms of the network cost, frequency slot occupation, the configuration of optical transponders, and optical regenerators.

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has a great negative impact on teenagers’ study and life. It has been included in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 2013. However, the neural mechanism of its effect is yet to be unveiled. In this study, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (resting-state fMRI) to explore the differences of rich club structures in the functional brain networks of 30 IGD subjects and 30 age/sex-matched healthy controls. The rich club was found in both IGD subjects and healthy controls, involving important brain regions in default mode, executive control, salience, sensorimotor, auditory and visual networks. IGD subjects had significantly higher rich club connection and higher degree in the right pars orbitalis of inferior frontal gyrus than healthy controls. These findings might suggest that IGD might be more correlated with damage to the rich club connection.

In this review, the detection methods of chemically synthesized coccidiostat residues were summarized, with emphasis on the research progress of high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunochromatographic test paper, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and other methods. The development status and trend of detection methods were discussed, and the future development direction was prospected.

Lipase TLIM was used as catalyst to prepare low erucic acid glyceride from Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge oil. The effects of enzyme addition amount, reaction time, reaction temperature and water/oil molar ratio on hydrolysis reaction were investigated by single factor test, and the hydrolysis reaction conditions were optimized by orthogonal test. The results showed that the optimal reaction conditions for the preparation of low erucic acid triglyceride from Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge catalyzed by immobilized lipase TLIM were as follows: enzyme dosage of 5%, reaction temperature of 45 ℃, reaction time of 5 h, water/oil ratio of 30∶1. Under these conditions, the content of erucic acid in Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge triglyceride reached 4.86%. It was proved that erucic acid of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge oil was distributed in position 1 and 3 of triglyceride, and the content of nervonic acid was kept at about 1%.

Objective To explore the effects of red LEDs on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human stem cells from apical papilla (hSCAPs). Methods hSCAPs were obtained by isolation, culture and flow cytometry in vitro and irradiated with 1, 3, 5, and 7 J/cm2 red LEDs. The proliferation of hSCAPs was detected using a CCK-8 assay. The osteogenic differentiation of hSCAPs was evaluated using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity assay and Alizarin red quantitative detection. The effect of 5 J/cm2 red LEDs on the expression levels of the ALP, Runx2, OCN, OPN and BSP genes and proteins was detected by RT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Results Red LEDs at 1, 3, 5, and 7 J/cm2 promoted the proliferation of hSCAPs (P < 0.05). The effects of red LEDs with different light energies on the proliferation of hSCAPs were different at different time points (P < 0.05). On the 7th and 14th days after irradiation, red LEDs promoted the osteogenic differentiation of hSCAPs, and the effect of 5 J/cm2 red LEDs was the most obvious under osteogenic induction culture conditions (P

ObjectiveTo evaluate the detection of the histamine substances in osteopeptide injections by the isolated guinea pig ileum method, and to explore the feasibility of replacing cat depressor substances method.MethodsAccording to the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the histamine substances in 7 batches of osteopeptide injections were detected from 5 enterprises by isolated guinea pig ileum method. The results were compared with the test method of cat depressor substances.ResultsBy the isolated guinea pig ileum method, the histamine substances in 3 batches of preparations were negative, which was consistent with the results of the test method of cat depressor substances. The results of the other 4 batches of preparations were suspicious; while the examination results of depressor substances in cat were 3 batches suspicious and 1 batch positive. The overall consistency rate of the two methods was 85.7% (6/7).ConclusionThe results of isolated guinea pig ileum method is almost the same as the test of cat depressor substances, which can be used for the screening and study of histamines in osteopeptide injections. It is suggested to add the inspection items of the test of depressor substances or histamines in the standard of osteopeptide injections.

With the development of big data, cloud services, and artificial intelligence, the optical network is developing towards scale and complexity, which suffers from larger probability of network failure. It is necessary to provide dedicated-path protection for each connection request to reduce the loss caused by the network failures. Therefore, in order to guarantee the network survivability, we propose a dedicated-path protection optimization method to improve the network resource efficiency in elastic optical networks with data centers. The simulation results show that the proposed dedicated-path protection optimization method can effectively reduce the blocking probability, improve the network resource utilization, and solve the survivability problem of elastic optical networks in data centers.

Objective: This study focused on the antioxidant activities of eight edible fungiproteins and their hydrolysates. Methods: Eight edible fungi proteins were hydrolyzed using alkaline protease. DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ABTS free radical scavenging activity, Fe2+ chelation rate and reducing power were used to evaluate antioxidant activity. Results: SDS-PAGE electrophoretic profile results indicated that alkaline protease was efficient in hydrolyzing proteins into low molecular weight peptides and amino acid; the antioxidant activity of the alkaline proteolysis product of Volvariellavolvacea was the highest with DPPH free radical scavenging ability （5 140.45±5.35） μg Trolox/g, ABTS free radical scavenging ability （6.97±0.27） mmol Trolox/L, and Fe2+ chelation rate （79.86±0.45）% and the reducing power （0.350±0.001）. Moreover, the amino acid composition was also determined, containing eight essential amino acids （230.43±5.35） mg/g and hydrophobic （209.95±4.95） mg/g, negatively charged （115.89±2.32） mg/g and aromatic amino acids （57.86±1.74） mg/g with high antioxidant activity. Conclusion: The alkaline proteolysis product of Volvariellavolvacea has good antioxidant activity and was rich in essential, hydrophobic, negatively charged and aromatic amino acids.

Taking the preparation of electrode materials of supercapacitors, the study of properties and the performance of assembled asymmetric supercapacitors as the core contents, and improving the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors as the main purpose, the in-situ polymerization method was used to prepare carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PI-MWCNTs) grafted polyimide solution, which is used as the precursor of nitrogen-doped carbon to realize the growth of composites on the surface of carbon cloth and as electrode material.Manganese dioxide-carbon cloth (MnO2-CC) as the positive electrode, Polyimide-carbon cloth grafted with multi-walled carbon nanotubes as negative electrode (PI-MWCNTs-CC), build asymmetric supercapacitors. The structure and electrochemical properties of the electrode materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, raman spectroscopy, surface area and pore size testing, X line photoelectron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. According to the study, when the scan rate is 20 mV/s, asymmetric capacitor potential window can be increased to 1.3 V and its volume specific capacity is 1.80 F/cm3.When the power density is 14.08 mW/cm3, the energy density can reach up to 0.423 mWh/cm3.

BACKGROUND Soil environmental reference materials are important technical tools for the quality control of soil environmental monitoring. However, there is no self-developed environmental matrix reference material with total organic carbon (TOC). In particular, a soil standard sample supporting the combustion oxidation-non-dispersive infrared method has not been developed yet. OBJECTIVES To develop a soil TOC reference material that can support standard methods for the determination of TOC in soil. METHODS Agricultural land soil with a high organic carbon content was selected as the raw material. The soil TOC reference materials were prepared after drying, grinding, mixing, bottling, and sterilization. Ten bottles of the reference materials were randomly sampled in layers, and their homogeneities were determined using combustion oxidation-non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) absorption method. The data were assessed using a single element analysis of variance. The reference material was stored at room temperature, and its stability was determined for 18 months. The test results were assessed using a linear fitting model. Eleven laboratories were organized as the cooperation to determine the TOC content of the prepared reference material using combustion oxidation-NDIR absorption method and potassium dichromate volumetric method. All measurement data were statistically analyzed to obtain the certified value and uncertainty of the reference material. RESULTS The soil TOC reference material exhibited good homogeneity and stability. After evaluation, the F value was determined to be less than the critical value of F0.05 (9, 10). Additionally, the relative uncertainty (ubb) of the uniformity between bottles was 1.5%, and the sample exhibited good uniformity. The stability uncertainty was 1.2%, which indicated good stability. The certified value of the soil TOC reference material was determined to be (25.2±1.4)mg/g, using the grand mean of the collaborative determination results from multiple laboratories. CONCLUSIONS A soil TOC reference material was developed using combustion oxidation-NDIR absorption method. This reference material can be used to support the standard determination methods of TOC in soil and meets the requirements of the studies on TOC content in soil. Moreover, it is comparable with similar foreign samples.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy （DBT） in adolescent non-suicidal self-injury （NSSI） behavioral therapy， in order to provide a reference for the intervention of NSSI behavior in adolescents in China. NSSI behavior is a common mental health threat for adolescents. In recent years， it has become a mental health problem that cannot be ignored worldwide. At present， psychotherapy is mainly used for NSSI behavior. Increasing evidence shows that DBT is effective in reducing NSSI behavior. This article summarizes the effectiveness of DBT in the treatment of NSSI behavior by describing the risk factors of NSSI behavior， an overview of DBT and the efficacy of DBT in the application of NSSI.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mental health condition of college students during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 （COVID-19） ， and to provide accurate basis for their psychological intervention.MethodsThrough the way of electronic questionnaire， questionnaire star as tools， random investigation of college students in a university in Sichuan. Self-rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）， Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS） and Somatization Symptom Scale （SSS） were used to evaluate their anxiety， depression and somatization symptoms. At the same time， a self-made questionnaire was used to investigate their styles of help seeking， and the relationships between them.ResultsA total of 551 valid questionnaires were collected， including 4.90% of anxiety symptoms， 28.68% of depression and 17.97% of somatization symptoms. In terms of somatization， the detection rate was higher in urban college students than those in rural （23.35% vs. 13.27%， P

The dynamic properties of the viscoelastic material have remarkable temperature-frequency effect. In order to characterize the dynamic properties of the viscoelastic material more precision,on the basis of the fractional constitutive model and the time-temperature superposition principle,the fractional time-temperature superposition model of the viscoelastic material with vertical factor（ VFTTS） was proposed. The DMA test was conducted on the viscoelastic material used in vibration control of engineering vehicle. The dynamic behaviors（ storage modulus,loss modulus and loss factor） under variable temperatures（-75℃ ～ 65℃） and frequencies（ 0. 5 Hz,1 Hz,2 Hz,3. 3 Hz,5 Hz and 10 Hz） were analyzed. Meanwhile,the master curves of the storage modulus at the reference temperature 5℃ are obtained by the VFTTS model and the FTTS model（ only with horizon factor）. The fractional standard linear solid model（ CFSLS） was used to validate the accuracy of the above two models. The results show that the prediction ranges of the frequencies of VFTTS model and FTTS model are the same. The superhigh frequency predictions between 1. 086 × 10-8 Hz and 1. 240 × 1011 Hz are realized. The relative errors of the two models are 6. 07% and13. 22%. In summary,the VFTTS model has broad prediction ability and higher accuracy.

A fumigation with dosage of 20 g/m3 sulfuryl fluoride was carried out in a warehouse stored 8 000 t of wheat and equipped with recirculation system, in which the temperature was 27～30 ℃ for head space,26～28 ℃ for top layer of the bulk, 16～19 ℃ for middle and bottom layers of central bulk and 26～29 ℃for surrounded bulk grain in the warehouse. The fumigant was applied in five points on the bulk surface and through the ventilation ducts under bottom of the bulk by a pipe connection while the recirculation running.The concentrations of sulfuryl fluoride in bulk surface, 1.5 m and 4.5 m depth under grain surface were all monitored during the process. The killing effect on Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) was also examined for the adults, pupae, larvae, and eggs of lab cultured strain and adults of field strain. The peak concentration was monitored on surface of the bulk and in the depth of 4.5 m of that, the concentration was lower in the depth of 1.5 m of the bulk, just after fumigant applied and while recirculation running. During exposure of 3 to 12 h, the sulfuryl fluoride concentration was above 20 g/m3 and distributed uniformly.The concentration of sulfuryl fluoride in the grain pile was generally higher, and the concentration decreased obviously with the time after 12 h. Sulfuryl fluoride concentration descended more quickly after 24 h when recirculation stopped and descended rate of sulfuryl fluoride concentration in higher temperature part of grain located in surround bulk was bigger than that in lower temperature part located in central bulk. When the concentration of sulfuryl fluoride in the grain pile decreased to 2 g/m3 (about 13 d), the decay rate decreased, and the time from 2 g/m3 to 0 g/m3 was about 10 days. During the fumigation that sulfuryl fluoride concentration changed in range of 27～24 g/m3, adults and larvae can be killed completely in 3 h exposure. Pupae can be given 100% mortality in 6 h when exposure under 27～22 g/m3 of the fumigation. The full mortality for eggs needed 24 h in 27～19 g/m3 of sulfuryl fluoride concentration. The tolerance of four life stages of C. ferrugineus to sulfuryl fluoride was eggs＞pupae＞adults≈larvae. In the grain bulk where temperature was 26～29 ℃ for top layer and surround bulk and 16～19 ℃ for middle and bottom grain of central bulk, all life stages of C.ferrugineus can be fumigated successfully by sulfuryl fluoride that concentration varied from about 24 g/m3 to 0 g/m3 during 23 d of the exposure time.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological and forensic characteristics of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome （MODS） after severe trauma and explore the reference indexes for determining traumatic MODS. Methods In terms of the number of organs or systems involved in MODS, the number of failures of each organ or system, the first failing organ and the survival time after organ failure, 72 cases of MODS death caused by traffic accidents were retrospectively analyzed. The cases were divided into two groups according to the mean injury severity score （ISS）. The t test was used to analyze the differences in the number of organs or systems involved in MODS in the two groups. Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in the types of first failing organs and the differences between the two groups in the number of cases of organ or system failure involved in MODS. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze the differences between the two groups in survival time of MODS after trauma. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was drawn and Log-Rank test was performed. Results The number of MODS involved organs or systems after trauma in ISS≤35 group was 3-5, and 2-4 in the ISS>35 group （P35 group （P35 group was relatively low and the decline was steep （P35 can be used as reliable reference indexes for evaluation of the causal relationship among trauma, MODS and death.

In order to control the composition and microstructure of corrosion-resistant aluminum coatings, a layer of pre-coating was deposited on Q235 steel surface by magnetron sputtering, and then corrosion-resistant aluminum coating with a certain thickness was prepared by hot dipping. Microstructure, thickness and chemical composition of aluminum coating were characterized by SEM equipped with EDS. The bonding strength of aluminum coating to substrate was tested by scratch test, and corrosion resistance was evaluated by salt water corrosion test. The results show that the coating obtained by magnetron sputtering combining with hot dipping is relatively denser. The aluminum coating prepared by both hot dipping and magnetron sputtering combining with hot dipping consists of an outer Al layer and an inner Fe-Al alloy layer. The thicknesses of Al layers are (45.75±6.41) μm and (44.84±3.17) μm, respectively. The thicknesses of Fe-Al alloy layers are (150.37±4.95) μm and (138.08±6.05) μm, respectively. The bonding strength between aluminum coating and substrate prepared by hot dipping is approximately 163.90N, while that prepared by magnetron sputtering combining with hot dipping is 160.25N. The corrosion mass loss rates of hot dip aluminizing Q235 steel and magnetron sputtering combining with hot dip aluminizing Q235 steel are about 1/12-1/6 of that of uncoated sample, and the corrosion pits of the latter one are more uniform.

Accurate positioning of brackets is a necessary condition for ideal orthodontic treatment. Traditional bracket bonding technology has certain limitations, such as long operation time and poor accuracy. Indirect bonding technology is a method that bonding brackets on the model through intraoral impression or scanning, and then the brack⁃ ets are accurately bonded to the tooth crowns using a transfer tray. In this article, the progression of transfer trays and adhesive agents, the application of digital technology in indirect bonding technology, indirect bonding for invisible appli⁃ ances, and the prospect of this technology are reviewed. The literature review results show that indirect bonding technolo⁃ gy can locate the bracket accurately, the operation is simple, the patient’ s experience is comfortable, and the clinical effi⁃ ciency can be significantly improved, the photocurable adhesive is an ideal adhesive for indirect bonding technology. With the development of digital technology, indirect bonding technology will be able to locate the brackets with increasing accuracy, thus achieving the "digital precision movement" of the teeth. The bonding technology of invisible appliance ac⁃ cessories is essentially a type of indirect bonding technology, It requires indirect bonding technology and digital technolo⁃ gy to highly fit the needs of computer design accessories for the visual tooth movement and the use of indirect bonding technology to accurately bond accessories, ultimately achieving the desired tooth movement. Indirect bonding technology will play an increasingly important role with the development of digital technology and invisible correction technology.

Reciprocating compressor stepless capacity control system in the petrochemical industry are widely used, unloading device as a key component of the system actuator, the action characteristics of the relationship between the quality of the system directly related to the efficiency of the air intake system and compressor valve life. In this paper, ANSYS/Ls-dyna explicit dynamics software is used to simulate the automatic opening process of the intake valve at the rated speed of the compressor. The displacement of the valve is measured by the eddy current displacement sensor. On the basis of this, the operation of the unloader under different oil supply pressure and different ejection time is simulated, the ideal hydraulic ejection force and the ejection phase are determined. It is concluded that the reasonable action of the unloader can effectively relieve the vibration of the valve plate and improve the force of the valve.

Due to the fluctuations for high-pressure gas, the displacement of reciprocating air compressor needs to follow the change in requirements. At present, the regulating methods can be applied, including the refluxing regulation, the variable speed adjustment and the pressing-off inlet valve regulation. Among them the pressing-off inlet valve regulation has the best effect, but its control technique and structural modification are relatively difficult. In this paper, according to the demand of the air capacity regulation for reciprocating compressor, an improved operating cycle model of air compressor under the capacity regulation was established. The behaviors of the netted valves and the changes of the pressure in cylinder were analyzed. Additionally, different control parameters in the air capacity regulation system were numerically simulated, the different regulating effects are obtained. The influence of the above parameters was analyzed, which lays the foundation for the system optimization design.

SiC whiskers were prepared on the matrix of graphite by using high hydrogenous silicone oil(PSO) as raw material. The effect of surface conditions of graphite and heating temperature on the growth of SiC whisker was mainly studied in this paper. The main factor which affects the nucleation and growth of SiC whisker is the heating temperature, with the heating temperature rising, the production of SiC whisker increases. The surface condition of graphite matrix also influences the growth of SiC whisker. With the nucleation points provided by graphite matrix defects increasing, the production of SiC whisker incleases and SiC whisker starts to overlap with each other. The formation process of SiC whisker includes two steps:nucleation and growth. SiC whisker nucleates at low temperature and grows at high temperature, which follows the VLS (vapor-liquid-solid) growth mechanism.

The superplastic tensile tests were carried out for 7B04 Al alloy under a temperature range of 470-530℃ at a strain rate range of 0.0003-0.01s-1. Then,the superplastic deformation behavior and deformation mechanism of the material were investigated. The results show that with the increase of temperature and decrease of strain rate, the flow stress of 7B04 Al alloy is decreased and the elongation is increased.When the deformation temperature is at 530℃ and the strain rate is 0.0003s-1, the elongation reaches the maximum value of 1105%, which indicates that at this process parameter the optimal superplasticity is obtained; the strain rate sensitivity index m value is above 0.3 and increases as the temperature going up; when the deformation temperature is at the range of 500-530℃, the m value is above 0.5,the superplastic deformation mechanism of 7B04 Al alloy predominated by grain boundary sliding; the superplastic deformation activation energy Q value is 190kJ/mol which indicates that the superplastic deformation is significantly controlled by the intercrystalline diffusion; the liquid phase will be produced along the grain boundaries of 7B04 Al alloy during superplastic deformation,which can enhance the superplasticity with a moderate amount.

Objective To investigate the microstructural alternations of the white matter nerve circuit detected by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in young adults aged 18-25 years with first-episode major depression disorder (MDD) and explore the association of such changes with the symptoms and disease course of depression. Methods From June to December, 2018, 23 young adults aged 18-25 years with the diagnosis of MDD were recruited from the Department of Medical Psychology of our hospital as the depression group, with 25 age-matched healthy volunteers as the control group. All the participants were tested using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CDS-D) and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and DTI images were obtained by magnetic resonance scanning and analyzed using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) method. Correction for multiple comparisons was carried out using a threshold-free cluster enhancement (TFCE) method. The differences in the fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), mean diffusion (MD) and axial diffusivity (AD) between the 2 groups were analyzed. The correlations of FA, RD, MD and AD values in the brain regions showing microstructural alternations with the PHQ-9 scores and the disease course were also analyzed. Results Compared with the healthy volunteers, the patients with first-episode MDD showed significantly decreased FA values in the left superior longitudinal tract, the right anterior thalamic radiation and the bilateral corticospinal tract (P < 0.05) and increased RD values in the left superior longitudinal tract (P < 0.05); the MD and AD values did not differ significantly between the two groups. In the patients with MDD, the RD values of the left superior longitudinal tract was positively correlated with the disease course (r=0.534, P < 0.05), and the FA values of the left corticospinal tract was negatively correlated with the disease course (r=-0.659, P < 0.05); The FA and RD values of the left superior longitudinal tract, the right anterior thalamic radiation and the bilateral corticospinal tract were not significantly correlated with the PHQ-9 scores (P>0.05). Conclusion The patients with MDD in their early adulthood have obvious alternations of the white matter fiber nerve circuit, which can be related with the disease course of MDD.

Objective To study the forensic features of diffuse brain atrophy after trauma, the relationship between age and interval time of post-traumatic brain atrophy, and the relationship between the degree of craniocerebral injury and that of brain atrophy. Methods The forensic features of 25 cases of diffuse brain atrophy after craniocerebral trauma were retrospectively analyzed from aspects of gender, age, craniocerebral injury characteristics, and imaging characteristics of brain atrophy. Pearson correlation analysis was used for statistical analysis. Results Diffuse brain atrophy after trauma could occur in any age group, dominated by severe brain injury. The Pearson correlation coefficients （r） between the time interval of brain atrophy and age were 0.442 （P0.05）, and 0.904 （P

Reciprocating compressor has many moving and damageable parts in which valve is the most frequently damaged component. A mathematical model of the valve movement was established according to its structure and motion characteristics.MATLAB and ANSYS software were used to study the transient motion law and the dynamic stress distribution of mesh valve.Then the impact of spring stiffness and transition arc on valve’s stress distribution was discussed. The results show that the stress generated by deformation is much greater than the impact stress. Maximum elastic deformation occurs in two thin elastic arms in which maximum equivalent stress generated. Changing the spring stiffness and the curvature of the transition arc can effectively reduce the stress and extend the life of the mesh valve. The results of the analysis have important theoretical significance for valve design optimization and the improvement of valve life.

In view of problem that existing feed state sensor is susceptible to external electromagnetic interference and leads to inaccuracy monitoring results, and cannot monitor power-down state of AC3 300 V and above equipments, detection principle of non-contact capacitive electric field was studied, and two kinds of structure forms of sensing head of feed state sensor were designed to detect electric field change of armored cable and unarmored cable, so as to achieve online feed monitoring of controlled equipment, and effectively solves problems of misinformation, poor anti-interference ability and poor stability of existing mine-used feed state sensor while detecting unarmored cable.

[Abstract] Objective: To observe the effect of Pingchuan granules on METTL3-mediated m6A modification of miR-29a-3p in airway epithelial cells, and to clarify its molecular mechanism in inhibiting airway inflammation of asthma. Methods: 16HBE was induced by LPS (50 mg/L) to construct a cell model, and Pingchuan granules-containing serum and dexamethasone were given for intervention. The cell activity was detected by CCK8 assay, the content of inflammatory factors (TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-8) and the m6A modification level of miR-29a-3p were detected by ELISA, the expression of METTL3 and PAN-apoptotic protein was detected by Western blot and the expression of METTL3 and miR-29a-3p was detected by qRT-PCR, respectively. Results: Compared with the model group, Pingchuan granules could significantly increase the activity of 16HBE, inhibit the contents of inammatory factors TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-8, and downregulate PANoptosisTelated proteins p-RIPK3, p-MLKL, cleaved Cas- pase-1, cleaved Caspase-3 and the ratio of GSDMD-NT/FL-GSDMD and GSDME-NT/FL-GSDME, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). In addition, Pingchuan granules can significantly increase the expression levels of miR-29a-3p and METTL3 in 16HBE, and promote the m6A modification level of miR-29a-3p when compared with the model group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion: Pingchuan granules enhance the m6A modification level of miR-29a-3p through METTL3, thereby inhibiting the PANoptosis of airway epithelial cells and improving airway inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate whether the mechanism of action of electro-acupuncture in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) model mice is related to neuroinflammation mediated by the forkhead box protein O1 (FoXO1)/NOD-like receptor heat protein structural domain-related protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway. Methods Thirty mice were randomly divided into control (Ctrl), model (MPTP), and electro-acupuncture (EA) groups, with 10 mice in each group. PD mouse model was prepared by intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) 30 mg/(kg·d) for 7 d consecutively. Behavioral changes of mice were observed by open field and pole-climbing experiments; α-synuclein (α-syn) expression in the substantia nigra of the midbrain was observed by immunohistochemistry; FoXO1, NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 were determined by Western blot; and the expression of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β ) was detected by ELISA in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. Results Mice in the MPTP group showed significant behavioral deficits, with a significant increase in midbrain substantia nigra α-syn (P < 0.01), elevated levels of Iba-1, FoXOl, NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 proteins (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), and a significant increase in the levels of TNF-α, and IL-1β (P< 0.01). The treatment of EA was effective in improve the dyskinesia of PD mice, improve motor balance and coordination (P< 0.01), reduce the abnormal aggregation of α-syn (P < 0.01), reduce the abnormal activation of microglia, and alleviate neuroinflammation (P < 0.05). Conclusion Electro-acupuncture may play a protective role in PD by modulating FoXO1/NLRP3 pathway-mediated neuroinflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The latest IPCC assessment report highlights that climate change has caused widespread adverse impacts and economic losses to nature and humans. Governments and private-sector firms around the world have committed to reducing carbon emissions with the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees. As of 2022, over 130 countries and regions, representing 91% of global GDP and 83% of global greenhouse gas emissions, have made a net-zero commitment. In this context, "transition finance" is gaining traction among governments and market participants. The concept of transition finance has recently emerged, and there is no internationally unified standard definition. This paper posits that transition finance refers to the financial services required to support the orderly transition of the real economy towards the net-zero goal. From a functional perspective, transition finance can serve as an expansion and extension of green finance, focusing on supporting carbon-intensive enterprises that have clear plans for reducing carbon emissions. The essence of transition finance lies in a series of capital market instruments with specific functions aimed at promoting the low-carbon transition of the real economy. These instruments can help enterprises manage their transition risks to maintain future competitiveness. Based on existing initiatives and market practices, this paper explores the fundamental principles of transition finance development and analyzes the positioning and roles of various stakeholders, including the government, enterprises, and financial sectors. In addition, by comparing the main global transition finance approaches and summarizing the common requirements for developing transition finance, the basic content of the five-point transition financial framework was established. First, develop a transition financial support catalog or principles to clarify transition goals; second, develop necessary transition plans that are aligned with internal strategy; third, develop appropriate transition financial instruments; fourth, carry out transition-related information disclosure and assessment; fifth, enforce transition-related policy incentives. This paper explains the basic meaning, necessity of existence, main content included, and current practices in major countries or regions for each item. Overall, the development of transition finance has just begun, and there are still many challenges. These include the lack of unified transitional standards, an imperfect information disclosure system, and the difficulty in managing transition risks. In the future, the government can enhance the coordination and binding force of the top-level policy system,unify and improve the definition standards of transition finance. The market and regulators can focus on stimulating the vitality of transition finance and enhancing the ability to address risks associated with transition finance. Furthermore, academia and research institutions should actively engage in theoretical innovation regarding transition finance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, open-source RISC-V microprocessors represented by Hummingbird E203 have received widespread attention and application in both academia and industry due to their low power consumption and good performance. To improve the performance of microprocessors and reduce pipeline stalls caused by branch instructions, branch prediction technology has become one of the important techniques widely used in modern microprocessors. However, the branch predictor currently used in the Hummingbird E203 is a lightweight static branch predictor, facing the challenge of low branch prediction accuracy. Since using a dynamic branch predictor with higher prediction accuracy can further reduce the overhead caused by mispredictions leading to redirecting fetching, various implementations of dynamic branch predictors have been explored based on the original microarchitecture to improve branch prediction accuracy while considering resource overhead. Experimental results show that among various dynamic branch predictors, the one achieving the best results is the adaptive dynamic branch predictor combining static branch prediction with Branch History Register (BHR). On the Dhrystone benchmark program, its branch prediction accuracy can be increased from the original 84.6% to 94.8%, and the score from 1.296 463 to 1.314 418. On the Coremark benchmark program, its branch prediction accuracy can be increased from the original 67% to 78.7%, and the score from 2.120 000 to 2.138 008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the effects of electroacupuncture on motor function in Parkinson's disease (PD) model mice and NLRP3 inflammasome-related proteins in the midbrain substantia nigra (SN). Methods C57BL/6 mice were assigned to three groups according to the random number table method: control group, model group, and electroacupuncture (EA) group, 12 mice per group. The PD model was reproduced by intragastric administration of rotenone solution 10 mg/ (kg·d). EA group was administered at the three selected points, "Fengfu" (GV16), "Taichong" (LR3), and "Zusanli" (ST36), with a treatment cycle of 2 weeks. The control and model groups took the same time synchronous fixation operation for the control variable. Behavioral scores and open field tests were used to detect the exercise ability of mice in each group. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and α-synuclein (α-syn) in the midbrain SN of mice in all groups were measured with an immunohistochemistry test. NLRP3 and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (Caspase-1) protein expression levels in the midbrain SN of mice in the three groups were measured using Western blotting, and interleukin-1TNF-β (IL-1TNF-β) content was determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Compared to the control group, the behavioral scores of the mice in the model group were higher (P < 0.01). Compared to the model group, the behavioral scores of the mice in the EA group were lower (P < 0.01). Compared to the control group, the time ratio of the relative rest state of the mice in the model group (< 100 mm/s) increased significantly (P < 0.01), while the time ratio of the slow motion (100~200 mm/s) and time ratio of the fast motion (>200 mm/s) state decreased significantly (P < 0.01). Compared to the model group, the time ratio spent in the relative rest state of mice in the EA group decreased significantly (P < 0.01), while the time ratio of the slow motion state and time ratio of the fast motion state and movement rate increased significantly (P < 0.01). Compared to the control group, the TH expression level decreased in the SN in the model group (P < 0.01), while α-syn increased (P < 0.01). Compared to the model group, the TH expression level in the EA group increased (P < 0.05), while α-syn decreased (P < 0.05). Compared to the control group, the protein expressions of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 in the SN of the model group increased (P < 0.01); compared to the model group, the expressions of NLRP3 and Caspase-1 in the SN of the midbrain of mice decreased after EA treatment (P < 0.01). Compared to the control group, IL-1TNF-β in the SN of the mouse midbrain increased in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared to the model group, IL-1TNF-β decreased in the EA group (P < 0.05). Conclusion This experiment shows that stimulation of EA in"Fengfu", "Taichong", and"Zusanli"can effectively reduce abnormal aggregation of the PD marker α-syn, increase TH expression, and enhance the motor dysfunction of PD model mice. The molecular mechanism is related to the regulation of the expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1TNF-β of inflammasome-related pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to further understand the pyrolysis mechanism of decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) and the evolution process of its main products, the thermal degradation reaction mechanism of DBDPE was studied using density functional theory (DFT) method M06-2X/6-311G(d,p). Possible reaction paths for DBDPE pyrolysis were designed, and the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of various reaction pathways were calculated. The results show that the initial pyrolysis of DBDPE is dominated by the fracture of aliphatic H2C--CH2 bond, which results in the formation of a large number of pentabromobenzyl radicals. The bromine radical produced by Caromatic--Br bond fracture is a competitive reaction channel, and the bromine radical can further react with the pentabromobenzyl radical to form pentabromobenzyl bromide. The pentabromobenzyl radicals and bromine radicals produced in the initial reaction can promote the decomposition of DBDPE, which are mainly reflected in the abstraction of H atoms from aliphatic H2C--CH2 bonds with energy barriers of 21.9 kJ/mol and 38.3 kJ/mol, respectively, resulting in the formation of pentabromotoluene, pentabromostyrene, hexabromobenzene, and hydrogen bromide. In the pyrolysis reaction processes of DBDPE with hydrogen radical, the addition of hydrogen radical reduces the reaction energy barrier of DBDPE pyrolysis, and the reaction energy barrier of adding hydrogen radical to the aromatic-carbon of Caromatic--CH2 of DBDPE is the lowest (17.9 kJ/mol). The main products of co-pyrolysis of DBDPE with H radicals are hydrogen bromide, polybrominated diphenylethane, and brominated monoaromatic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of spiking attack on technology and tactics for Chinese and foreign women's volleyball teams in 19th Women Volleyball World Championships during the period of Paris Olympics has been analyzed by this study, and then taking the rotation as the starting point, the using effect of different offensive tactics for Chinese and Italian women's volleyball teams has been also compared. Likewise, from two aspects with serve-reception formation and blocking and offense formation, this work is try to deeply explore the main problems for China in this competition. The results show that there is no obvious difference in the overall spiking attack effect for Chinese and foreign women's volleyball teams, but the China has significant difference compared with the Italy in that aspect, which is mainly displayed with the power spiking on position 4 in the third rotation and the fast break on position 2 in the fourth rotation. During the game, due to the dual pressure from the oppressing serve and targeted blocking and offense conducted by the Italy, the China cannot perform the effective attack, which results in that China's spiking attack effect is obviously weaker than the counterpart in those rotations mentioned above. The study holds that facing with the power jump-serve from the Italy, the China should liberate the outside spiking player in front row, and order the outside spiking player in back row to take the reception, as well as attempting to adopt the five-player reception formation. In addition, facing with the targeted blocking and offense arrangement, the China should properly take the attack approaches, and try to increase the difficulty of blocking and offense to the Italy by using more detailed techniques in aspect of spiking, so as to effectively enhance the spiking attack effect for China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reveal the effect of different land use types on soil cellulase activity (SCA) and soil fertility factors, and clarify the relationship between soil chemical factors and SCA. In Hailun City, Heilongjiang Province, the soils from dry land and forest land were as the research object, and path analysis method was used to clarify the positive and negative effects of soil chemical factors on SCA. The results showed that the contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, water content and SCA of forest land were significantly higher than those of dry land, while the pH of dry land was significantly higher than that of forest land. The correlation analysis showed that there was significant negative correlations between SCA and organic carbon, total nitrogen in dry land, and there was extremely significantly positive correlation between SCA and organic carbon, water content, and significant positive correlation between SCA and TN in forest land. Path analysis showed that pH, total nitrogen and water content were important factors that had significant and direct effects on SCA in dry land, while organic carbon and total nitrogen had indirect negative effects on SCA. Organic carbon and total nitrogen were the main controlling factors of SCA in forest land. The soil fertility factors and SCA were obviously difference between dry land and forest land. The nutrient level and SCA of dry land soil were lower than those of forest land, which indicated that there was long-term and intensive human use of dry land in this region, leading to the degradation of the nutrient status of dry land and the reduction of water content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing parameter recognition algorithms for non-punctured polar codes default the frozen bit values to 0, and do not have the ability to judge the frozen bit values. Aiming at this problem, the parity check relation between codeword matrix and column vectors of generator matrix is deduced, where the identification of bit type and the judgment of frozen bit value are converted into a test of the check relationship. Based on the above, the average likelihood difference is introduced as a statistic volume, and the theoretical distribution and decision threshold of the statistic volume are given. The algorithm uses the proportion of information positions in the decision result to identify the parameters such as code rate and code length. Simulation experiments show that the derivation of the relevant properties is consistent with the actual situation. The proposed algorithm overcomes the shortcomings of existing methods that cannot identify frozen bit values on the basis of the same computational complexity level and without reducing the recognition performance. When the signal to noise ratio is 5. 5 dB, the recognition accuracy is still close to 100% for polar codes with a code length of 512 of the polar code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purposes Leakage detection in underground pipelines such as prestressed concrete cylinder pipes is a crucial aspect of urban infrastructure management and maintenance. In this study, an innovative magnetic anomaly multi-feature fusion network (MMF) is designed and introduced to identify weak magnetic distribution types in underground pipelines. Methods The network leverages standard orthogonal basis functions (OBF) and minimum entropy detection (MED) features were used to comprehensively and accurately capture the complex characteristics of magnetic leakage signals. First, magnetic anomaly detection was conducted by using OBF and MED at different radial distances to acquire measured target magnetic field features. Second, an MMF was devised to integrate magnetic field features, and a multi-head attention mechanism was incorporated to capture intricate relationships and features within the sequence of magnetic fields. Finally, a multi-feature entropy weighting method was employed to allocate network weights on the basis of input feature entropy. Findings Experimental results demonstrate that the MMF network achieves a precision of 98.86% in anomaly classification, with an AUC evaluation result of 99.25%. Additionally, the model is more streamlined, exhibiting higher computational efficiency, and is capable of delivering satisfactory performance within a relatively short training period.

Objective We aimed to explore the correlation between the functional status of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and damp-heat obstruction syndrome. Methods The case data of 1,008 patients with RA from 18 research centers of China were retrospectively analyzed, and the patients were divided into a damp-heat group and a non-damp-heat group. X-ray grades, a health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) disability index, disease activity score (DAS28), visual analogue pain scales(VAS) score, joint tenderness number, joint swelling number, laboratory indexes, and general data of the two groups were compared. Results The X-ray grade, HAQ, VAS score, DAS28-ESR, joint tenderness number, and joint swelling number of the patients in the damp-heat group were higher than those of the patients in the non-damp-heat group (P <0. 05). The hemoglobin, platelet, erythrocyte sedimentation, and anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody of patients in the damp-heat group were higher than those of the patients in the non-damp-heat group (P <0. 05). There were no differences in leukocytes, rheumatoid factor, family history, fatigue history, emotional history, smoking history, drinking history, or other factors between the two groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion The functional status of RA patients was closely related to the syndrome of damp-heat obstruction. The disease activity of RA patients with damp-heat obstruction syndrome was higher and the degree of disability was more severe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to determine the source and contribution of total carbon (TC) in PM2.5 in winter and summer in Qingdao, PM2.5 samples were collected from January 1 to February 28, 2018 (winter) and July 1 to August 31, 2018 (summer). The concentration of TC, the composition of water-soluble ions, and alongside the composition of stable carbon isotope (δ13CTC) were measured, also the Bayesian mixture model was used to calculate the contribution of δ13CTC from different sources. The TC concentrations in winter and summer were (8.6±3.9) μg/m3, (3.9±2.5) μg/m3. δ13CTC values were (-24.8‰±1.0‰) and (-26.5‰±0.9‰), respectively. The results suggest that an obvious seasonal changes. Combined with of meteorological data, water-soluble ions and backward trajectory analysis, the TC concentrations were affected by meteorological conditions and source changes. Besides, according to the Bayesian mixture model, TC in winter mainly comes from motor vehicle exhaust and coal combustion, which contributed 63.1% and 20.7% respectively to the TC pool. Summer TC was mainly impacted by motor vehicle exhaust and C3 plant combustion, which accounted for 63% and 33.8% of TC pool. The main source of TC may be affected by motor vehicle ownership and freight transportation in Qingdao Port, and secondly by coal burning in winter and C3 plant burning in summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the characteristics of bloodstream infection of Listeria monocytogenes and provide basis for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the cases of Listeria monomyrhosi bloodstream infection in Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) from April 2012 to April 2022. The age, sex, onset time, underlying disease, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the patients were analyzed, as well as the changes of white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, and C-reactive protein (CRP) before and after anti-infection treatment. Results Fifty cases of Listeria monocytogenes bloodstream infection confirmed by blood culture were involved. The age of patients ranged from 0 to 82 (43.7±20.0) years old, among whom 20.0% were over 60 years old. The onset time of patients was the highest in spring (44.0%), followed by winter (24.0%), and relatively fewer in summer and autumn (14.0%-18.0%). The median diagnosis time was 3 days (1-60 days). After the etiological diagnosis, 45 patients (90.0%) had underlying diseases or pregnancy status, and 45 patients were adjusted to the target antibacterial treatment mainly with carbapenems (48.9%) and penicillins (44.4%). The level of WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and CRP after treatment were significantly lower than those pre-treatments (P<0.05). Among all patients, 36 cases (72.0%) were treated according to the Antimicrobial Treatment Guidelines for Fever Sanford, of which 26 cases (72.2%) were discharged from the hospital, two cases died, one case was transferred to other hospitals, and 7 cases had a poor prognosis. Conclusions Autoimmune diseases, tumor diseases, pregnant patients are susceptible to Listeria monocytogenes infection. Penicillins are the first choice for effective empiric therapy. For the patients allergic to penicillins, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or meropenem could be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]