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With the increasing popularity of electric vehicles, the number of electric vehicle users in industrial parks is increasing, and their charging and discharging behaviors pose great challenges to the planning and operation of park integrated energy system (PIES). A two-layer optimal scheduling of PIES considering the charging and discharging willingness of electric vehicles is proposed. Firstly, a charging and discharging willingness model is established based on factors such as dynamic real-time electricity price, battery charge capacity, battery loss compensation, and additional participation incentives. An improved electric vehicle charging and discharging model is obtained on this basis. A two-layer optimal scheduling model is established with the goal of minimizing the charging cost of the car, and the inner model is transformed into the constraints of the outer model through the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) condition, so as to quickly and stably solve the single-layer model. Finally, the simulation solution is performed, and three different scenarios are set up. The proposed model is compared with the general charging and discharging willingness model. The effectiveness and feasibility of the two-layer optimal scheduling of PIES proposed in this paper are verified.

[Objective]The flow of private data elements plays a crucial role in the food supply chain, and the safe and efficient operation of the food supply chain can be ensured through the effective management and flow of private data elements. Through collaborative computing among the whole chain of the food supply chain, the production, transportation and storage processes of food can be better monitored and managed, so that possible quality and safety problems can be detected and solved in a timely manner, and the health and rights of consumers can be safeguarded. It can also be applied to the security risk assessment and early warning of the food supply chain. By analyzing big data, potential risk factors and abnormalities can be identified, and timely measures can be taken for early warning and intervention to reduce the possibility of quality and safety risks. This study combined the industrial Internet identification and resolution system with the federated learning algorithm, which can realize collaborative learning among multiple enterprises, and each enterprise can carry out collaborative training of the model without sharing the original data, which protects the privacy and security of the data while realizing the flow of the data, and it can also make use of the data resources distributed in different segments, which can realize more comprehensive and accurate collaborative calculations, and improve the safety and credibility of the industrial Internet system's security and credibility.[Methods]To address the problem of not being able to share and participate in collaborative computation among different subjects in the grain supply chain due to the privacy of data elements, this study first analyzed and summarized the characteristics of data elements in the whole link of grain supply chain, and proposed a grain supply chain data flow and collaborative computation architecture based on the combination of the industrial Internet mark resolution technology and the idea of federated learning, which was constructed in a layered and graded model to provide a good infrastructure for the decentralized between the participants. The data identification code for the flow of food supplied chain data elements and the task identification code for collaborative calculation of food supply chain, as well as the corresponding parameter data model, information data model and evaluation data model, were designed to support the interoperability of federated learning data. A single-link horizontal federation learning model with isomorphic data characteristics of different subjects and a cross-link vertical federation learning model with heterogeneous data characteristics were constructed, and the model parameters were quickly adjusted and calculated based on logistic regression algorithm, neural network algorithm and other algorithms, and the food supply chain security risk assessment scenario was taken as the object of the research, and the research was based on the open source FATE (Federated AI Technology) federation learning model. Enabler (Federated AI Technology) federated learning platform for testing and validation, and visualization of the results to provide effective support for the security management of the grain supply chain.[Results and Discussion]Compared with the traditional single-subject assessment calculation method, the accuracy of single-session isomorphic horizontal federation learning model assessment across subjects was improved by 6.7%, and the accuracy of heterogeneous vertical federation learning model assessment across sessions and subjects was improved by 8.3%. This result showed that the single-session isomorphic horizontal federated learning model assessment across subjects could make full use of the data information of each subject by merging and training the data of different subjects in the same session, thus improving the accuracy of security risk assessment. The heterogeneous vertical federated learning model assessment of cross-session and cross-subject further promotes the application scope of collaborative computing by jointly training data from different sessions and subjects, which made the results of safety risk assessment more comprehensive and accurate. The advantage of combining federated learning and logo resolution technology was that it could conduct model training without sharing the original data, which protected data privacy and security. At the same time, it could also realize the effective use of data resources and collaborative computation, improving the efficiency and accuracy of the assessment process.[Conclusions]The feasibility and effectiveness of this study in practical applications in the grain industry were confirmed by the test validation of the open-source FATE federated learning platform. This provides reliable technical support for the digital transformation of the grain industry and the security management of the grain supply chain, and helps to improve the intelligence level and competitiveness of the whole grain industry. Therefore, this study can provide a strong technical guarantee for realizing the safe, efficient and sustainable development of the grain supply chain.

BACKGROUND The contents of many heavy metals in soil in many areas of southwest China are much higher than the national soil background value, and related studies show that most heavy metals in soil are in a state of “high background and low activity”, which is closely related to the special geological process in the area. Most scholars have concentrated more on the weathering process and post-weathering heavy metals of granite, basalt, carbonate rocks and other geological bodies with high background value of heavy metals in southwest China. However, alkali-enriched porphyry also has the characteristics of high background value of heavy metals, and the geochemical behavior characteristics of heavy metals in the weathering process of alkali-enriched porphyry are less studied. The ecological and environmental effects of heavy metal element migration and transformation during weathering are still unclear. There is a large-scale alkali-enriched porphyry belt located in southwest China. Most of the alkali-enriched porphyry areas have precious metals such as gold and silver, and polymetallic deposits such as copper, lead and zinc. Therefore, soil in alkali-enriched porphyry areas usually has the characteristic of high background value of heavy metals. OBJECTIVES For identifying geochemical characteristics of heavy metal elements and a series of ecological and environmental problems during the soil-forming process of alkali-enriched porphyry, to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in alkali-enriched porphyry areas and rational planning of agricultural planting. METHODS For sufficient hydrothermal conditions and strong soil-forming in Yunnan Province, a rock weathering profile of Yao’an alkali-enriched porphyry in central Yunnan Province was selected as the research object. The contents of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn, Al2O3, TFe2O3, CaO, Na2O, K2O, MgO, SiO2, organic carbon and pH in rock/soil samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry/optimal emission spectrometry (ICP-MS/OES), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and volumetric method. Multivariate statistics method and mass migration coefficient were used to study the distribution characteristics, migration and enrichment rules of heavy metal elements in the weathering profile, as well as the factors affecting the migration and enrichment of heavy metals. RESULTS Based on the analysis of the content and distribution characteristics of eight heavy metals in the weathering profile of Yao’an alkali-enriched porphyry, the migration and enrichment mechanism of heavy metals during the weathering process was identified, and the environmental risk assessment of the surface soil in the area was carried out. (1) In the weathering profile, all the weathering strata have the same source as the bedrock material, and there is no exogenous addition. Different degrees of desiliconization and aluminum-iron enrichment occur in the whole weathering process, especially in the surface layer. In the bottom-up evolution process, all of the heavy metal elements except Cd show an overall trend of increasing content. As, Cr, Cu, Hg and Ni are enriched to different degrees during weathering, while Cd, Pb and Zn are leaching out. The order of heavy metal migration capacity from strong to weak is Cd>Zn>Pb>Hg>Cu>As>Ni>Cr. As, Cr, Cu, and Hg have similar geochemical behavior, as do Cd, Pb, and Zn. (2) Cd, Pb and Zn occur mainly in feldspar minerals and lead-zinc metallic minerals and exhibit the characteristics of migration and leaching under acidic and strong leaching conditions. Although the bedrock is obviously deficient in Cu, Cr, Ni and Hg, it is eventually enrichedin-situ in clay minerals and Al and Fe oxides/hydroxides with weathering due to its own chemical properties and the effect of desilication to enrich aluminum and iron. The enrichment of As is mainly controlled by aluminum-Fe enrichment, and the strong aluminum-Fe enrichment in the study area results in the in-situ secondary enrichment of As. (3) The soil ecological environment in the study area may be polluted by As and Pb due to the high content of Pb in the bedrock and the effect of aluminum-iron enrichment. CONCLUSIONS The risk of As and Pb pollution may exist in the soil ecological environment of the study area, and a large amount of Pb leaching may migrate into the Dragonling River with surface runoff. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of heavy metals such as As and Pb in the overlying soil of alkali-enriched porphyry and heavy metals such as Pb and Zn in the rivers around alkali-enriched porphyry so as to ensure ecological safety.

Corn and soybean are upland grain in the same season, and the contradiction of scrambling for land between corn and soybean is prominent in China, so it is necessary to explore the price relations between corn and soybean. In addition, agricultural futures have the function of price discovery compared with the spot. Therefore, the analysis and prediction of corn and soybean futures prices are of great significance for the management department to adjust the planting structure and for farmers to select the crop varieties. In this study, the correlation between corn and soybean futures prices was analyzed, and it was found that the corn and soybean futures prices have a strong correlation by correlation test, and soybean futures price is the Granger reason of corn futures price by Granger causality test. Then, the corn and soybean futures prices were predicted using a long short-term memory (LSTM) model. To optimize the futures price prediction model performance, Attention mechanism was introduced as Attention-LSTM to assign weights to the outputs of the LSTM model at different times. Specifically, LSTM model was used to process the input sequence of futures prices, the Attention layer assign different weights to the outputs, and then the model output the prediction results after a layer of linearity. The experimental results showed that Attention-LSTM model could significantly improve the prediction performance of both corn and soybean futures prices compared to autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA), support vector regression model (SVR), and LSTM. For example, mean absolute error (MAE) was improved by 3.8% and 3.3%, root mean square error (RMSE) was improved by 0.6% and 1.8% and mean absolute error percentage (MAPE) was improved by 4.8% and 2.9% compared with a single LSTM, respectively. Finally, the corn futures prices were forecasted using historical corn and soybean futures prices together. Specifically, two LSTM models were used to process the input sequences of corn futures prices and soybean futures prices respectively, two parameters were trained to perform a weighted summation of the output of two LSTM models, and the prediction results were output by the model after a layer of linearity. The experimental results showed that MAE was improved by 6.9%, RMSE was improved by 1.1% and MAPE was improved by 5.3% compared with the LSTM model using only corn futures prices. The results verify the strong correlation between corn and soybean futures prices at the same time. In conclusion, the results verify the Attention-LSTM model can improve the performances of soybean and corn futures price forecasting compared with the general prediction model, and the combination of related agricultural futures price data can improve the prediction performances of agricultural product futures forecasting model.

During the thermite welding of in-service oil pipelines, empirical values are often used for the dosage of aluminum powder welding flux, and the uncertainty of temperature and residual stress generated during the welding poses a serious threat to the construction of pipeline and its safe operation. In response to this problem, the thermite welding process of pipelines in different wall thickness and with different dosages of welding flux was analyzed with the numerical simulation software ANSYS.Specifically, a finite element model of thermite welding was established, and thus the change law of the temperature field and residual stress field with different dosages of aluminum powder welding flux and different pipeline wall thicknesses was obtained,which was also verified by test. As indicated by the results, the maximum temperature in the welding area of pipelines with same wall thickness rises with the increasing dosage of welding flux. The maximum temperature in the welding area decreases with the increasing of pipeline wall thickness in the case that equivalent welding flux is used. Besides, with the increasing of pipeline wall thickness, the maximum residue stress at the weld is up to 150 MPa, lower than the yield limit of material, so that no burn-through and crack will occur during thermite welding, and the simulation results are consistent with the test results. Moreover, it is safe and reliable to conduct thermite welding in 6 mm to 8 mm pipeline in service with 10 g to 20 g of aluminum powder. Generally, the numerical simulation method could provide reference for the safe operation of thermite welding of in-service pipelines, thus reducing the construction risks of pipelines in service.

In order to obtain a starch glycidyltrimethylammonium polymerization acrylamide (St-GTA-PAM) with high efficiency, easy degradation and no secondary pollution, 2, 3-Glycidyltrimethylammonium (GTA) as etherifying agent, starch glycidyltrimethylammonium (St-GTA) was prepared by semi-dry etherification modification, and St-GTA-PAM was prepared by aqueous polymerization method. The optimum conditions for the synthesis of St-GTA-PAM were investigated by orthogonal analysis of the effects of KPS concentration, St-GTA to AM monomer ratio on the monomer conversion and grafting rate. The experimental results show that the optimal conditions for the aqueous polymerization method that the reaction temperature is 50℃, the ratio of St-GTA to AM monomer is 1∶3, the concentration of KPS is 6 mmol/L, and the reaction time is 5 h. GTA and AM were successfully grafted, and the surface of St-GTA-PAM was rougher and showed a multi-folded network structure. The flocculation performance test of kaolin simulated wastewater showed that the flocculant dosage was 300 mg/L and the pH was 3~10. Under normal temperature conditions, the St-GTA-PAM flocculation rate reached 92.7%, indicating that St-GTA-PAM has strong adaptability to temperature and pH.

For high error matching rate and poor real-time performance of global motion vector estimation caused by foreground moving target and high noise in video image captured by mine vehicle camera system, a vehicle video image stabilization algorithm for mine was proposed which was based on ORB feature matching and improved particle filter. In motion vector estimation stage, ORB algorithm is used to complete extraction of image feature points firstly. Then continuous three-frame difference method based on image block is adopted to quickly mark foreground movement area jointing space-time consistency criteria. Combined with foreground mark area, location of feature points is selected for the first time, and retained points are registered. Finally, affine transformation model is used to estimate motion vectors among frames. In motion filtering stage, a real-time particle filter algorithm based on estimation window is used to filter jitter components, and compensation parameters are obtained. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively avoid influence of foreground moving target on image stabilization precision, and has quick processing speed.

A fault diagnosis model was built by use of neural network trained by extreme learning machine. A fault diagnosis system of mine main ventilator based on the model was designed, and software and hardware design schemes of the system were introduced. The test results show running time of extreme learning machine algorithm in the system is only 0.031 3 s and accuracy rate of fault diagnosis is not less than 97.35%, which has better real-time performance and accuracy than fault diagnosis systems based on BP neural network, ELMAN neural network or neural network trained by support vector machine.

With the deepening of TCM's understanding and research on male delayed hypogonadism, the unique advantages of TCM in treating male delayed hypogonadism have gradually emerged. The time sequence is a general summary of the natural growth and operation rules. Both Tiangui and testosterone have their normal time sequence, and there may be correlation. Under physiological conditions, men's Tiangui follows the normal time sequence of "eight" and from "reach" to "exhaustion"; "Tiangui lost in time sequence" includes Tiangui's abundance lost in time sequence (visceral dysfunction mainly in the liver) and Tiangui's exhaustion lost in time sequence (pathological deficiency of viscera mainly in the kidney), which eventually leads to "Tiangui exhaustion" occurring earlier than "eight eight". Based on the fact that Tiangui and testosterone are important physiological bases of late-onset hypogonadism in Chinese and Western medicine, our team believes that "Tiangui out of time" is closely related to the core pathogenesis of liver depression and kidney deficiency in male late-onset hypogonadism. We propose to restore the normal time sequence of Tiangui, treat the liver and kidney together, and treat male late-onset hypogonadism at different times. The clinical application of Xiongcan Yishen Recipe has achieved good results, in order to provide new ideas and references for the understanding and treatment of male late-onset hypogonadism in traditional Chinese medicine. The unique advantages of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in treating late onset hypogonadism in male have gradually emerged with the continuous deepening of the understanding and research on late onset hypogonadism in male. Time sequence is a general summary of the natural growth and operational laws. Tian gui and testosterone have their normal time sequences, and they may be associated with each other. A man's tian gui follows the regular time sequence from "inception" to "exhaustion" throughout "eight" under normal physiological conditions. "Tian gui out of time sequence" includes the loss of tian gui exuberance (dysfunction of viscera dominated by the liver) and exhaustion in the time sequence (pathological deficiency of viscera dominated by the kidney), resulting in "tian gui exhaustion" in advance of "eight eight". Tian gui and testosterone are key concepts in Chinese and Western medicine for understanding late onset hypogonadism in male. The theory of "tian gui out of time sequence" may be closely related to the core pathogenesis of this condition, particularly in cases of liver depression and kidney deficiency. This study suggests that restoring the normal time sequence of tian gui while treating the liver and kidney simultaneously through time-sh aring treatment should be effective. The use of Xiongcan Yishen Formula has shown promising therapeutic result, offering new insights and references for treating late onset hypogonadism in male using TCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste plastic polyethylene wax has been widely studied by researchers for its ability to improve the performance of asphalt pavement and its good economic benefits. This article selected new polyethylene wax (NPEW) and recycled polyethylene wax (RPEW) as warm mix agents (PEW) in an equal ratio, and added PEW and rejuvenator (LBS) to the virgin and aged blending asphalt to prepare polyethylene wax warm mix rejuvenated asphalt. The virgin and aged blended asphalt contained 20%, 30%, and 40% aged SBS-modified asphalt (AAM), respectively, to simulate the proportion of old asphalt in the actual road surface rejuvenation process. The temperature sensing performance, high and low temperature performance, and viscosity reduction effect of warm mix recycled asphalt with different PEW and AAM dosages were analyzed through the conventional test and Brookfield viscosity. The results show that the addition of AAM and PEW reduced the temperature sensitivity of warm mix rejuvenated asphalt. When the AAM content in warm mix rejuvenated asphalt was constant, with the increase of PEW content, the high-temperature deformation resistance and low-temperature crack resistance performance were significantly improved. When the content of AAM in warm mix rejuvenated asphalt was low, the addition of PEW effectively reduced viscosity. When the AAM content was 30% and the PEW content was 2%, warm mix rejuvenated asphalt had the best performance and economic benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of the automotive industry, the demand for corrosion protection of automotive steel plates is increasing. The environmentally friendly silane corrosion protection film based on surface treatment has drawn much attention due to its excellent performance. This article systematically explores the corrosion resistance mechanism, performance testing and evaluation methods of silane corrosion protection films, analyzes in detail the key factors affecting their performance, and proposes structural optimization strategies. At the same time, the technical challenges and future development trends in the current field are also discussed. Through this review, important theoretical and practical guidance can be provided for improving the corrosion protection ability of automotive steel plates, extending vehicle life, reducing maintenance costs, and achieving sustainable development, promoting the development of the automotive manufacturing industry towards a more efficient, environmentally friendly and sustainable direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

［Objective］ Recently, the passenger flow in the city railway renovated from existing lines is generally low, it is necessary to systematically analyze the reasons and put forward corresponding countermeasures to improve the operational efficiency and facilitate the travel of suburban passengers. ［Method］ Based on researches of 3 city railways renovated from existing lines in Yangtze River Delta region, especially the multi-dimensional analysis of the annual passenger flow in Shanghai Jinshan Railway, the characteristics of passenger flow distribution are summarized from time and space two dimensions. The composition of the city railway passenger flow and the characteristics of its temporal and spatial fluctuations are summarized based on the quantitative analysis. The passenger flow demand and the impact of the city railway on the residents along the line are qualitatively analyzed according to the long-term observation of the railway staff. Combining the results of the quantitative and qualitative analyses and focusing on the specific passenger flow status of the 3 city railways, factors affecting the city railway passenger flow volume are analyzed in detail, corresponding measures to increase the passenger flow volume are put forward. ［Result & Conclusion］ The reasons for the city railway low passenger flow in China mainly include factors related to the characteristics of city passenger flow itself, limitations of line condition, limitations of train operation plan, insufficient travel convenience, and weak market competitiveness. The countermeasures include improving the planning and construction of the line network, enhancing the line passing capacity, optimizing train operation plans, improving the connection and transfer between lines, adhering to the public welfare fare policy, promoting the comprehensive transformation guided by public transportation and etc.

In order to clarify the relationship between characteristic components and thermal stress in wort boiling process, the low thermal stress boiling technologies such as dynamic low-pressure boiling technology, steam stripping technology, vacuum stripping technology, film evaporation technology and film self-evaporation technology from the perspective of distillation were summarized, and the application prospect of combined heat and power technology in recovering low-grade waste heat generated in low thermal stress boiling system was discussed on the basis of traditional heat recovery technology. The results show that the total boiling evaporation rate is lower than 4.5%, even less than 1%, which is far lower than 8% of the traditional boiling rate through the application of new technology; Combined heat and power technology will become the third choice for low-grade waste heat recovery in breweries using low thermal stress boiling technology. This study can provide a new perspective for the research and development of wort boiling technology with low thermal stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundThe existing tools in China for assessing psychiatric nurses' knowledge， attitude and practice towards the use of protective restraint do not sufficiently consider the specialty in psychiatric practice， and the scale items are somewhat cumbersome to use， which together restrict their further promotion and application. Accordingly， there is an urgent need for developing a more scientific assessment tool.ObjectiveTo construct a scale for assessing psychiatric nurses' knowledge， attitude and practice towards the use of protective restraint and to verify its reliability and validity， so as to provide a generic tool for the assessment.MethodsBased on the theoretical framework of the knowledge-attitude-practice model， the preliminary scale was formed through systematic literature review， qualitative interview and Delphi method. From July to December 2021， a stratified sampling was utilized to select 729 psychiatric nurses from tertiary， secondary and primary （including unclassified medical institutions and grassroots hospitals） psychiatric hospitals in Guangdong Province. The formal scale was developed through item analysis， exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The validity of the scale was evaluated by content validity and structure validity， and the reliability was verified by procedures including Cronbach's α coefficient， test-retest reliability， and split-half reliability.ResultsA total of 12 items of three dimensions （knowledge， attitude， practice） were included in the scale for assessing psychiatric nurses' knowledge， attitude and practice towards the use of protective restraint. The scale-level content validity index （S-CVI） was 0.941， and the item-level content validity index （I-CVI） ranged from 0.812 to 1.000. Exploratory factor analysis extracted three common factors， and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 62.948%. The confirmatory factor yielded adequate fit. Cronbach's α coefficient was found to be 0.887 for the scale， 0.819 for knowledge dimension， 0.842 for attitude dimension， and 0.831 for practice dimension. The split-half reliability and test-retest reliability for the scale were 0.712 and 0.922， respectively.ConclusionThe scale shows satisfactory reliability and validity， which can be used to assess psychiatric nurses' knowledge， attitude and practice towards the use of protective restraint. ［Funded by Guangdong Clinical Teaching Base Teaching Reform Research Project （number， 2021JD119）］

The steel sheets with different degrees of element enrichment on their surfaces were treated by the same silanization and electrophoretic coating processes. The results of neutral salt spray test, stone-chip test, and cyclic corrosion test proved that the degree of element enrichment on the steel surface had a certain effect on the quality of silane film and the corrosion resistance of electrophoretic coating. Attention should be paid to the degree of element enrichment on the steel surface when the automobile manufacturer adopts silanization pretreatment process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

K2 LaBr5 polycrystalline materials with different doping concentrations of Pr3+ were synthesized by high-temperature solid-state method, and the K2 LaBr5: Pr single crystals were grown by vertical Bridgman technique, and cylindrical transparent crystals with Φ12 mm x 5 mm were obtained by a series of processing. The crystal belongs to the orthogonality system and the cell parameters has been determined as a = 1.336 0 nm, b = 0.992 7 nm, c = 0.846 2 nm, Z = 4, the crystal density is 3. 908 g/ cm³, the melting point is 607 °C. The crystals were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray excitation emission spectrum, photoluminescence spectrum, transmittance and so on. Under the excitation of ultraviolet light and X-ray, the K2LaBr5: Pr crystal exhibits blue light (³P1→³H4), green light (³P0→³H4,³P1→³H5), orange light (³P1→³H6, ³P1→³H2) red light (³P0→³H2, ³P1→³H3), deep red light (³P1→³H4), purple light (³P0→³H4) and other visible wavelengths of light output in the wavelength range of 480 nm to 750 nm, which indicates that the crystal has excellent luminescent properties. Under X-ray excitation, a broadband 4f 5d-4f² emission transition is also observed in the range of 360 nm to 440 nm. The scintillation decay time of K2 LaBr5: Pr crystal is about 10 µs, which is measured by the steady-state transient fluorescence spectrophotometer, and the transmittance of the crystal in the visible range is 88% measured by the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The root distribution characteristics of Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis, Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. taiyang, and H. rhamnoides ssp. mongolica “Wulanshalin” in a feldspathic area, and the characteristics of soil erosion resistance under the forests were analyzed in order to provide new tree species options for improving the local ecological environment. [Methods] The soil profiles were excavated in the field to obtain the root-soil complexes, and the root scanning and disintegration test were performed indoors. [Results] ① The vertical distribution patterns of roots for the three seabuckthorn species were similar. Root length and root volume gradually decreased with increasing soil depth, and roots were mainly located in the 0—60 cm soil layer, accounting for 90.96% of the total root amount for H. rhamnoides ssp. sinensis, 83.38% for H. rhamnoides ssp. taiyang, and 74.93% for H. rhamnoides ssp. mongolica “Wulanshalin”. Thick roots were mainly located in the 0—40 cm soil layer. The thick roots in the horizontal direction were mainly located in the range of 0—20 cm from the base of the plant, and the fine roots were mainly located in the range of 20—100 cm. The farther away from the base, the fewer the fine roots. The overall root system was distributed in a shallow layer. ② The change trend of soil disintegration rate under the H. rhamnoides forest was basically the same. The average disintegration rate of the surface soil at 0—20 cm was the lowest, and the rate gradually increased with increasing depth. In the horizontal direction, the farther away from the base of the plant, the greater the average disintegration rate of the soil. The soil disintegration rate followed the order of: H. rhamnoides ssp. sinensis (3.18 g/s)> H. rhamnoides ssp. taiyang (1.27 g/s)> H. rhamnoides ssp. mongolica “Wulanshalin” (1.21 g/s). ③ There was a significant correlation between soil disintegration rate and root distribution of seabuckthorn. In the vertical direction, it was affected by both coarse and fine roots, while in the horizontal direction, it was mainly affected by fine roots, which have a greater effect on soil and water retention. [Conclusion] The root content of H rhamnoides ssp. taiyang was higher than that of H rhamnoides ssp. mongolica “Wulanshalin”, and the root distribution characteristics were more closely related to the change law of soil disintegration rate under the forest, which is more suitable for soil erosion prevention and control in the soft sandstone area.

This article gives a review on the application status and clinical effect of behavioral activation （BA） therapy for patients with late-life depression， in which the theoretical content， research status and the characteristics of clinical application of BA therapy for patients with late-life depression were introduced， and the existing limitations and possible directions for future research were summarized， so as to provide references for the localization of BA therapy for patients with late-life depression.

Recent years, the engineering buildings of island area have been developing rapidly in China, however it costs a lot in the materials transportation. This paper proposed a new type of coral aggregate hollow block that could be directly obtained from local island. The thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of coral aggregates were measured by hot wire method and DSC method respectively. The thermal parameters such as thermal resistance, heat transfer coefficient and thermal inertia of the blocks were calculated and compared with common materials for analysis. The results showed that coral aggregate hollow block have a smaller heat transfer coefficient and a larger thermal inertia than ordinary materials, which indicating a better heat preservation performance and thermal stability. The attenuation and delay time of the coral aggregate block wall are larger than the ordinary material wall for the same wall structure, and the ability to resist temperature fluctuation is relatively strong. According to the criterion 06J908-2 "Public building energy conservation structure charts (hot summer and cold winder area and hot summer and warm winter area)", this paper recommended four various coral aggregate block walls for island buildings, which could save transportation costs, reduce salt spray erosion, improve building durability, and ensure energy saving performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hot-wire method is used to measure the thermal conductivity values of phase change members under different ambient temperature and heating voltage. The error rate of thermal conductivity of common and variable materials under various working conditions is calculated by MATLAB numerical simulation. The results show that the measured values of thermal conductivity of common materials and phase change materials in the non-phase-change interval are independent of ambient temperature and heating voltage, while the measured values of thermal conductivity of phase change materials in the phase change interval show significant differences with ambient temperature. When the same ambient temperature and different heating voltages, the measured values of the thermal conductivity of the phase change member in the phase change interval are different, which is inconsistent with the thermal conductivity law in the non-phase change interval. The numerical simulation results show that the error rate of the thermal conductivity of the common material has a small change with the working condition, and the maximum value is 3.3%. The error rate of the variable material varies greatly with the working condition, and the maximum can reach 80%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate tumour suppressor gene TP53 mutation, clinicopathological features and prognosis in the patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods The rate and distribution of TP53 mutation, clinicopathological features, and prognosis in the patients with TNBC and with surgery at our center from January 2012 to March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Results In total of 234 TNBC cases, 144 (61.54%) cases were with TP53 mutation type and 90 (38.46%) cases with TP53 wild type. Most mutation was located at exon 5-8 region. The cases with TP53 mutation were divided into the group of missense mutation 85(59.03%) cases and the group of non-missense mutation 59 (40.97%) cases. More cases with TP53 mutation type had higher proliferation antigen(Ki-67) expression (>30%) when compared with the cases with TP53 wild type (80.56% vs. 63.33%, P=0.004, OR=2.40). There was no significant diffe-rence in prognosis between the group of mutation type and the group of wild type in relapse-free survival (RFS) (P=0.447), overall survival (OS) (P=0.083), and distant relapse-free survival (DRFS) (P=0.131). Similarly, there was no significant difference in prognosis between TP53 missense mutation and non-missense mutation in RFS(P=0.226), OS(P=0.885), and DRFS(P=0.172). Conclusions TNBC patients with TP53 mutation exhibited higher Ki-67 expression, however, similar prognosis between TP53 mutation type and wild type.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Fengchi" (GB 20) and "Sishencong" (EX-HN 1) on learning and memory impairment in vascular dementia (VD) rats by observing the influences on the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway and the excitotoxicity induced by hippocampal calcium overload., Methods: Thirty-two male SD rats of SPF grade were selected and randomized into a normal group (6 rats), a sham-operation group (6 rats) and an operation group (20 rats). VD model was established with the modified Pulsinelli's four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) method. Twelve rats after successfully modeled were assigned randomly into a model group and an EA group, 6 rats in each one. In the EA group, EA was delivered at bilateral "Fengchi" (GB 20) and "Sishencong" (EX-HN 1), with the continuous wave, the frequency of 2 Hz and the electric current of 1 mA. Stimulation intensity was adjusted depending on the slightly trembling of rat head. EA was given once daily, 30 min each time; and EA intervention was delivered for 21 days continuously. Using Morris water maze test, the learning and memory function was assessed. The neuronal morphology in the hippocampal CA1 was observed with HE staining; the level of glutamate (GLU) in serum and hippocampal tissue, as well as the activity of calcium pump (Ca 2+ -ATP) in the hippocampus were detected using colorimetric method. The protein expression of NMDAR, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CaMKⅡ), phosphorylated calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (p-CaMKⅡ), phosphorylated cyclic phosphoradenosine effector element binding proteins (p-CREB), CREB, and BDNF in the hippocampal CA1 was detected using immunohistochemistry. The protein expression of NMDAR, CREB, p-CREB and BDNF in the hippocampal tissue was detected using Western blot method., Results: Compared to the sham-operation group, in the model group, the escape latency was prolonged and the platform crossing times of rats were reduced ( P <0.01), the hippocampal neuron structure was damaged to different degrees, the structure in hippocampal CA1 was loosened, the arrangement disorganized, with clear grid-like structure; the neuronal morphology was irregular, pyknosis and even dissolution occurred, glial cells increased, blood capillary was dilated and the inflammatory cells were infiltrated and scattered. The level of GLU in the serum and hippocampal tissue and the protein expression of hippocampal NMDAR were elevated ( P <0.01), the activity of Ca 2+ -ATP and the protein expression of CaMKⅡ, p-CaMKⅡ, CREB, p-CREB and BDNF were reduced ( P <0.01, P <0.05); and the ratio of p-CaMKⅡ/CaMKⅡ and that of p-CREB/CREB were dropped ( P <0.05). In comparison with the model group, in the EA group, the escape latency was shortened and the platform crossing times of rats rose ( P <0.01), the arrangement was improved in the hippocampal CA1, the neuronal morphology was intact, the nucleoli were clear relatively and the pyknosis or dissolution were attenuated, the numbers of glial cells reduced relatively, the dilation of blood capillary was alleviated. The level of GLU in the serum and hippocampal tissue and the protein expression of NMDAR were reduced in the hippocampal tissue ( P <0.01), the activity of Ca 2+ -ATP and the protein expression of CaMKⅡ, p-CaMKⅡ, CREB, p-CREB and BDNF were elevated ( P <0.05, P <0.01); and the ratio of p-CaMKⅡ/CaMKⅡ and that of p-CREB/CREB increased ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: EA at "Fengchi" (GB 20) and "Sishencong" (EX-HN 1) can attenuate learning and memory impairment in VD rats, which may be obtained by reducing GLU level in hippocampal tissue, inhibiting hippocampal excitotoxicity, mediating protein expression related to the NMDAR/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway, and maintaining neuronal survival and growth.

Objective: To explore the potential mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) for vascular dementia (VD) using tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics technology., Methods: Among 80 male SPF SD rats, 78 rats which met the selection criteria through the Morris water maze test were selected and randomly divided into a sham surgery group (18 rats) and a surgery group (60 rats). VD model was established by four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) method in the surgery group, and 36 rats with successful modeling were randomly assigned to a model group (18 rats) and an EA group (18 rats). Each group was further divided into three subgroups based on intervention duration, with each subgroup containing 6 rats. Seven days after model establishment, the EA group received EA intervention at left and right "Sishencong" (EX-HN 1) and bilateral "Fengchi" (GB 20), with continuous wave at a frequency of 2 Hz and current intensity of 1 mA, daily for 30 min, with subgroups receiving EA for 7, 14, or 21 d respectively. Cognitive function before and after interventions was assessed using Morris water maze. Proteomic analysis was conducted on the optimal EA subgroup and corresponding sham surgery and model subgroups, identifying differentially expressed proteins and analyzing them through bioinformatics. Differentially expressed target proteins was performed using parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) and Western blot techniques., Results: Compared to the sham surgery group, the model group exhibited prolonged escape latency and reduced number of platform crossings ( P <0.01); compared with model group, the EA group showed reductions in escape latency and increased platform crossings after 7, 14, and 21 days of intervention ( P <0.01, P <0.05). Compared to the 7 and 14-day intervention, the rats in the EA group of 21-day intervention showed the most significant improvements in reductions of escape latency and increased platform crossings ( P <0.01, P <0.05), and was selected for further proteomic, PRM analyses, and Western blot validation. Compared to the sham surgery group, the model group displayed 71 differentially expressed proteins, with 50 up-regulated and 21 down-regulated proteins; compared to the model group, the EA group had 54 differentially expressed proteins, with 30 up-regulated and 24 down-regulated proteins. Functional enrichment and clustering analyses indicated that these proteins were primarily associated with cellular processes, metabolic processes, phagocytosis recognition, immune response, and regulation of extracellular matrix, etc. Enrichment was observed in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and neurotrophic factors signaling pathways, involving glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 (Map2k2), with PRM and Western blot findings consistent with the proteomic results. Which meant that compared with the model group, the protein expression of GSK3β and Map2k2 of hippocampus was increased in the EA group ( P <0.01, P <0.05)., Conclusion: EA at "Sishencong" (EX-HN 1) and "Fengchi" (GB 20) could improve cognitive function in VD rats, with the mechanism involving multiple targets and pathways, potentially related to GSK3β, Map2k2 proteins, and the mTOR and neurotrophic factor signaling pathways.

Objective: To summarize the effectiveness of the temporal island flap pedicled with the perforating branch of zygomatic orbital artery for repairing defects after periocular malignant tumor resection., Methods: Between January 2015 and December 2020, 15 patients with periocular malignant tumors were treated. There were 5 males and 10 females with an average age of 62 years (range, 40-75 years). There were 12 cases of basal cell carcinoma and 3 cases of squamous carcinoma. The disease duration ranged from 5 months to 10 years (median, 2 years). The size of tumors ranged from 1.0 cm×0.8 cm to 2.5 cm×1.5 cm, without tarsal plate invasion. After extensive resection of the tumors, the left defects in size of 2.0 cm×1.5 cm to 3.5 cm×2.0 cm were repaired with the temporal island flap pedicled with the perforating branch of zygomatic orbital artery via subcutaneous tunnel. The size of the flaps ranged from 3.0 cm×1.5 cm to 5.0 cm×2.0 cm. The donor sites were separated subcutaneously and sutured directly., Results: All flaps survived after operation and the wounds healed by first intention. The incisions at donor sites healed by first intention. All patients were followed up 6-24 months (median, 11 months). The flaps were not obviously bloated, the texture and color were basically the same as the surrounding normal skin, and the scars at recipient sites were not obviously. There was no complication such as ptosis, ectropion, or incomplete closure of the eyelids and recurrence of tumor during follow-up., Conclusion: The temporal island flap pedicled with the perforating branch of zygomatic orbital artery can repair the defects after periorbital malignant tumors resection and has the advantages of reliable blood supply, flexible design, and good morphology and function.