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BACKGROUND The main types of copper deposits are porphyry and skarn types. Dacite porphyry is a rock type commonly developed in the porphyry Cu-Mo-Au system. The rock can be used as a marker clue for ore prospecting and ore-forming rock when there is well-developed hydrothermal alteration. The Dabaoshan deposit is currently the largest copper polymetallic deposit in the South China Block. Previous studies have shown that the dacite porphyry of the mining area is not only the ore-forming parent rock, but also a favorable ore-bearing wall rock. However, there are some debates about the relationship between dacite porphyry and mineralization in this mining area. With the breakthrough of prospecting for medium and large dacite porphyry ore bodies in recent years, the relationship between dacite porphyry and mineralization has once again become a concern. OBJECTIVES To understand the relationship between dacite porphyry alteration and mineralization of the Dabaoshan deposit. METHODS Based on field work and indoor analysis, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were used to determine copper, tungsten, silicon, aluminum and calcium in Dabaoshan dacite porphyry samples. The isotope composition, metal element contents and alteration characteristics of the dacite porphyry in the mining area were used to discuss the relationship between alteration and prospecting direction. RESULTS The copper content ranged from 107 to 6909μg/g, which was consistent with the copper ore grade of 0.3%-0.5% in the mining area. The LOI and other geochemical indicators that can represent the degree of alteration were positively correlated with copper. Hydrothermal alteration was widely developed in dacite porphyry, including potassium, prophyliticition and quartz-sericitization from early to late stage. Among different stages of alterations, the copper content of quartz-sericitization was 2 to 5 times higher than other alteration types, indicating that quartz-sericitization was closely related to copper mineralization and was an important prospecting marker clue. CONCLUSIONS The deep alteration intensity of the dacite porphyry (below the 270m elevation) has not been weakened, suggesting a great prospecting potential. In addition, the contact zone between dacite porphyry and the Jurassic strata, and the xenoliths in the dacite porphyry are also important prospecting directions, which may host skarn-type copper-rich deposits.

BACKGROUND A new deposit type with a scheelite-beryl-molybdenite assemblage was first discovered in the Zhen'an area of Shaanxi Province. BAOBJECTIVES The research on chromatic mechanism and genetic mechanism of emerald was carried out. METHODS Combined with the geological survey, Electron Microprobe and in-situ Micro X-ray Diffractomer were used to conduct mineral research. RESULTS The emerald mainly occurs in the quartz (calcite) veins as euhedral crystal and is associated with scheelite. Both the core and rim of the emerald with high V2O3 contents of 0.64%-0.98% and 1.04%-1.42%, respectively, show an increased V2O3 trend from core to rim. Diffraction data show that the emerald is normal beryl and has two kinds of isomorphous substitution mechanism, Al↔Me2+ and Be↔Li. Vanadium is the main coloring element of emerald and was mainly derived from carbonaceous slate, mica schist, and dolomitic marble, whereas Be, Si and Al were derived from deep acidic igneous rocks. CONCLUSIONS The discovery provides basic geological data for the comprehensive development and utilization of tungsten and antimony mineral resources in the deposit, and indicates new prospecting directions for continued searching for rare metal deposits in the region and deep areas of the South Qinling.

Tourmaline is an efficient tracer during diagenesis and metallogenesis. Chemical composition of tourmaline can not only be used to give information about environment of diagenesis and metallogenesis, but can also be useful in prospecting. Prospecting work of pegmatite-type rare metal deposits in Southern and Western China has seen a big breakthrough, however, there has been no obvious advance in prospecting in Northern China. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out systematical and detailed prospecting work. There are a lot of grey black idiomorphic tourmalines in pegmatite veins in Quyang County, Hebei Province, which makes it suitable for carrying out systematical mineralogy research. Samples based on detailed field work were systematically collected and are described in this paper. Microscopic identification, Powder X-ray Diffraction and Electron Microprobe were used to determine the chemical composition of tourmaline, in order to investigate the types, and diagenetic and metallogenic environment of tourmaline. Electronic Probe and Powder X-ray Diffraction show that tourmaline in Zhongzuo pegmatite belongs to dravite but is close to that of schorl. The Ca-Fe-Mg ternary diagram indicates that the diagenetic environment is poor Ca metamorphic pelite, metamorphic arenite and quartz-tourmaline rock. The chemical composition of tourmaline is closely related to the types of surrounding rock. The dravite in pegmatite veins was formed by assimilation blending between magmatic melt and surrounding rock at a temperature of 700-600℃ where Mg and Fe in surrounding rock provide the necessary sources for the formation of tourmaline. The systematical study of chemical composition of tourmaline in Zhongzuo pegmatite veins provides fundamental geological data and a prospecting direction for pegmatite-type deposits.

Zhuxi W-Cu deposit in northern Jiangxi Province is a recently found super large skarn W deposit. The formation of this deposit is closely related to granitic intrusions. The mining area is located in the central Jiangxi Taqian-Fuchun ore belt in Qin(zhou)-Hang(zhou) joint zone. The discovery of this deposit is further evidence for the model of the Southern tungsten North expansion. However, due to the lack of systematic geochemistry and geochronology of ore-related intrusions, the knowledge of this model is limited. Ore-related fine-grained muscovite granite was chosen as the research object for the study reported on in this paper. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of granite yielded a 206Pb/238U weighted average age of 146.90±0.97 Ma (MSWD=0.55). These granitic rocks have high silicon, alkali and potassium, and are strongly peraluminous, which belongs to the typical S-type granite. This study has indicated that ore-related magmatism occurred at the late Jurassic in Jiangnan uplift and provides new evidence for the genesis of Zhuxi W-Cu deposit and metallogenic regularity of the Taqian-Fuchun metallogenic belt.

The Zhuxi ultra-large type copper-tungsten deposit in the Northeast Jiangxi province located in Taqian -Fuchun metallogenic belt which belongs to Jiangnan ancient island-arc, the discovery of the deposit has verified Southern Tungsten North Expansion perspective and challenge the viewpoint that Tungsten located in the south but the copper located in the north of Jiangxi provience, but the previous lack of accurate chronology study related to Zhuxi copper-tungsten mineralization of granite not enough, resulting in the geodynamic background of understanding. In this study, on the basis of detailed field investigation, core logging and petrology studies on the granodioritic porphyries which had intruded into the Middle Proterozoic Shuangqiaoshan group and with copper mineralization alteration, using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) zircon U-Pb dating, we obtained the granodioritic porphyries zircon 206Pb/238U weighted mean age of 847.2±9.4Ma (MSWD=0.111), which can represent the granodiorite porphyry magma emplacement and crystallization age, belonging to the neoproterozoic. The results reveal that the granodioritic porphyries of Zhuxi copper-tungsten mine is a product of the early Neoproterozoic Southern China ancient oceanic crust subduction and Yangtze and Cathaysian continental blocks collisional magmatism, the magmatic activity provides the basis for the metallogenic Qinzhou-Hangzhou metallogenic belt, and the magma event is close related to the Taqian-Fuchun ore belt mineralization, it also provides new evidence for the study of Zhuxi ultra-large type copper-tungsten deposit.

A new tungsten-copper deposit with large-super mineralization potential was recently discovered in the Zhuxi area, Jingdezhen city of Jiangxi Province. The primary halo research plays a very important guiding role in further exploration work. By using Polarized Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry, Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry/Atomic Emission Spectrometry, large amounts of sample analyses have been conducted. According to the contents of elements W, Sn, Bi, Mo, Pb, Zn, Cu, As, Sb and Ag, these are served as the indicators of the primary halo. The primary halo of Zhuxi tungsten-copper deposit shows that Cu, Zn, Ag and Pb have good correlation as well as W, Bi, Sn and Mo. W is also correlated with Cu. The ore-forming elements have some characteristics in space. In the same section, high temperature elements such as W are more enriched at the northwest, whereas in the plane, this performance appeared at the southwest. Overall, W-oriented high-temperature elements are more enriched at lower depths. By comparison, Cu-oriented middle-temperature elements are shallower than W. This study indicates that the Cu deposit is distributed in the medium deep part (-1400--1500 m), W deposit in the deep part (-1400--1900 m) and Ag, As, Sb at the surface (-1100--1200 m). This study provides a theoretical basis for mineralization forecast and further exploration.

Accompanied by the crucial breakthrough of prospecting for skarn-type Cu-W deposit in Zhuxi of Jiangxi Province, the previously established model of ore distribution was incorrect in that the W and Cu deposits distribution was in the south and north regions respectively. A new model is presented, indicating that the south W deposit might occur in the north region. To verify the new hypothesis, the crystallizing ages and tectonic attributes of ore-related igneous rocks become a critical issue. Furthermore, there are several lamprophyre veins in the study area that might have some temporal and spatial relationships to the Cu-W deposit. Consequently, after extensive field surveying, core logging recording and thin section observation, the veins were dated accurately by zircon U-Pb isotopic method of LA-ICP-MS. Two groups of 206Pb/238U weighted ages of crystallization were yielded, one being (856 ± 10) Ma (MSWD=0.22), and the other is (160.3 ± 2.1) Ma (MSWD=0.17). Considering overall proofs, it is suggested here that the former group of age might represents a magmatism event during the period of subduction for South China ancient oceanic crust in early Neoproterozoic and of collision between the Yangtze and the Cathaysia continental blocks, while the latter one might indicate a magma intrusion event in the early period of Late Jurassic, which produced re-melting of previous rocks triggered by subduction from the Pacific to the Eura-asia plates in Early Jurassic, in accordance with the metallogenic age of the Taqian-Fuchun metallogenic belt in Zhuxi area. The lamprophyre geochronological study in the paper provides a sound theory basis for the metallogenesis of Zhuxi Cu-W deposits.

It is a fatal challenge to the traditional cognition, which the W and Cu deposits distribute in the south and north regions of Jiangxi Province respectively, when the super Cu-W deposit in Zhuxi area was discovered recently, which attracts domestic researchers' attention and their interests in restudying geology of Taqian-Fuchun metallogenic belt in Zhuxi area that provides pivotal proofs for phenomenon of the south W deposit extends to the north region of the area. The recent discovery of the super Cu-W deposit in the Zhuxi area of northeast Jiangxi has challenged the belief that W and Cu deposits are distributed in the south and north regions of the province respectively and has led to a renewed interest in analyzing these areas again. The metallogenesis types in the Taqian-Fuchun metallogenic belt are complicated with multiple ores. For instance, Cu, W, Mo and Au are related to various igneous rocks, with some diagenesis. To address geological issues, such as the tectonic evolutional setting and ore material origins, which need to be solved urgently, the zircon U-Pb isotopic method of LA-ICP-MS was utilized and is reported in this paper in order to date the ore-related magmatic rocks. The results show that there were at least three periods of magmatism and two stages of metallogenesis in the belt. The three periods of magmatism include 850 Ma and 160 Ma granodiorites and for the lamprophyre veins, 146 Ma granites. Two stages of metallogenesis are the Taqian skarn-type W-Mo deposit and the Yuexing skarn-type Cu polymetallic deposit related to the 160 Ma granites, and the Zhuxi skarn-type Cu-W deposit related to the 146 Ma granites. Thus, considering previous regional data, the hypothesis from this study is that the ore-related magmas of Neoproterozoic and Jurassic in the belt were derived from the same magma chamber and the latter was inherited from the former. The porphyry granite and aplite veins formed in 145 Ma are the indicators of Cu-W deposit.

The Zhuxi deposit is a new discovery of copper-tungsten dominated large-super-large ore deposit with great mineralization potential situated in the Zhuxi Area, Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province. However, present research is somewhat limited for some of the geological characteristics. Further study on genetic types and geochemical characteristics for this deposit is necessary. A bench-top type Polarized Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer, coupled with directly pressed powder samples has been used to analyze drill core samples of the Cu-W ore body. The instrument used in the experiments has a high detection ability for measuring major elements (SiO2, CaO and MgO) and trace elements (Cu, W, Zn and Ag), compositions with low detection limit, small error, good stability and other characteristics. The experimental results show that the major elements of SiO2, CaO and MgO have strong metasomatism characteristics. The SiO2 and CaO have a negative correlation. Trace elements Cu, W, Zn and Ag also exhibit symbiotic features, and Cu, W contents are high in the middle and low on both sides spatially. All evidence explains the metasomatism characteristics controlled by structures. The element variations and related mineral compositions also indicate that ore-forming materials were derived from granodiorite, porphyry, granite porphyry and diorite. These results provide a theoretical basis for mineralization forecast and further exploration goals.

A new tungsten-copper deposit with large-super mineralization potential was recently discovered in the Zhuxi area, Jingdezhen city of Jiangxi Province. The primary halo research plays a very important guiding role in further exploration work. By using Polarized Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry, Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry / Atomic Emission Spectrometry, large amounts of sample analyses have been conducted. According to the contents of elements W, Sn, Bi, Mo, Pb, Zn, Cu, As, Sb and Ag, these are served as the indicators of the primary halo. The primary halo of Zhuxi tungsten-copper deposit shows that Cu, Zn, Ag and Pb have good correlation as well as W, Bi, Sn and Mo. W is also correlated with Cu. The ore -forming elements have some characteristics in space. In the same section, high temperature elements such as W are more enriched at the northwest, whereas in the plane, this performance appeared at the southwest. Overall, W-oriented high-temperature elements are more enriched at lower depths. By comparison, Cu-oriented middle-temperature elements are shallower than W. This study indicates that the Cu deposit is distributed in the medium deep part (-1400--1500 m), W deposit in the deep part ( -1400--1900 m) and Ag, As, Sb at the surface (-1100--1200 m). This study provides a theoretical basis for mineralization forecast and further exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbonaceous aerosol is an important component of atmospheric fine particulates （PM 2.5 ） that has an important effect on global climate change, atmospheric visibility, regional air quality, and human health. In order to investigate the long-term change characteristics of carbonaceous aerosols under the background of emission reduction, the concentrations of organic carbon （OC）, elemental carbon （EC） in PM 2.5 samples, and volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in Chengdu from 2018 to 2021 and the corresponding meteorological factors were obtained through real-time online monitoring. The results showed that the average ρ （OC） and ρ （EC） during the monitoring period were （10.9 ±5.7） μg·m -3 and （2.6 ±1.9） μg·m -3 , accounting for 25.2% and 6.0% of PM 2.5, respectively, and the average ρ （SOC） was （5.7 ±3.3） μg·m -3 , accounting for 52.9% of OC. The concentrations of OC, EC, and PM 2.5 showed a downward trend from 2018 to 2020 [PM 2.5 ： The concentration of average annual decrease was -7.1 μg·（m 3 ·a） -1 , with an average annual decrease of -14.6 %·a -1 ； OC： -1.7 μg·（m 3 ·a） -1 , -14.2 %·a -1 ； EC： -0.1 μg·（m 3 ·a） -1 , -4.4 %·a -1 ], and the concentrations of each pollutant in 2021 rebounded in different ranges compared with those in 2020. The concentrations of PM 2.5 and OC were as follows： winter > spring > autumn > summer, and the concentrations of EC were as follows： winter > autumn > spring > summer. The proportions of OC and EC were higher in summer and autumn than in other seasons, with the average proportions of 26.8% and 6.9%, respectively. With the aggravation of the pollution level, OC, EC, and SOC concentrations gradually increased, but the proportions in PM 2.5 showed a gradual downtrend, indicating that the control factor of PM 2.5 pollution in Chengdu was not the carbon component. Source apportionment results showed that carbonaceous aerosols in Chengdu were mainly affected by motor vehicles, industrial sources, biomass combustion sources, and VOCs secondary reaction. From 2019 to 2021, EC was affected by the characteristic components of motor vehicles and decreased yearly. OC and EC were affected by VOCs more in spring and autumn than in other seasons. VOCs emission management should be increased in spring and autumn to reduce the impact of secondary reaction.

NMHCs concentrations and VOCs components were sampled from 12 typical catering units in Sichuan Province. Combined with literature data, the cooking source profile containing 117 VOCs was established comprehensively, and the NMHCs emission factors were obtained. Based on the bottom-up research method, the volatile organic compounds emission inventory of cooking sources in Sichuan Province was established. The results showed that the oxygen and alkane groups were the most important components for Sichuan cuisine, barbecue, and canteen, and the total proportion of the two groups was greater than 75%. The main VOCs species were ethanol, formaldehyde, ethane, hexanal, ethylene, 1,3-butadiene, and acrolein. Oxygen-containing components contributed the most to OFP, followed by olefin. The major OFP contributors were formaldehyde, ethylene, ethanol, 1,3-butadiene, acrolein, hexanal, etc. In 2019, the VOCs emissions and OFP values of cooking sources in Sichuan Province were 32kt and 141kt, respectively, accounting for approximately 5% of the anthropogenic VOCs emissions and OFP values in Sichuan Province. The VOCs emission from cooking may have an important contribution to ozone formation, which means more attention should be paid to cooking.

To study the characteristics of O 3 pollution and identify the key precursors for O 3 formation in Chengdu in spring, O 3 concentrations in April between 2016 and 2018 were analyzed, and on-line measurements of O 3 and the precursors(VOCs and NO x ) were also studied at an urban site. The results showed that the O 3 pollution level in April increased year by year, and diurnal variations showed a unimodal distribution. When the ambient temperature was more than 20℃, the wind speed was between 1 and 1.5 m·s -1 , and the relative humidity was less than 65%, the probability of O 3 pollution occurring in April was more than 80%. In April 2018, the average concentrations of NO x and VOCs during O 3 pollution days were 2.3-times and 2-times higher than non-pollution days. Furthermore, an OBM method was used to calculate the RIR values of different ozone precursors. This showed that the RIR values of anthropogenic VOCs, CO, biogenic VOCs, and NO x for ozone were 2.4, 0.87, 0.06, and -2.6, respectively, indicating that O 3 formation in Chengdu was generally VOC-limited. The RIR values of the VOC species showed that m/p -xylene, ethylene, trans-2-butane, propylene, o -xylene, toluene, acetone, isoprene, isopentane, and n -butane were the key active VOC species of ozone formation.

In the research, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were observed online in urban areas of Chengdu to study VOC concentration level, change characteristics, ozone generation contribution (OFP), and source contribution from June to September 2019. The results showed that the average concentration of TVOCs (total volatile organic compounds) was 112.66 μg·m -3 , with alkanes (29.51%) and halogenated hydrocarbons (23.23%) forming the main components. The diurnal peak in VOCs mainly occurred from 10:00 am to 11:00 am, which is affected by urban motor vehicles, oil or gas volatilization, and industrial emissions. For OFP contribution of VOCs in summer, the contribution rate of aromatic hydrocarbons (42.7%) was the highest, followed by alkenes (27.4%). The key active species were m/p -xylene, ethylene, propylene, o -xylene, isopentane, cyclopentane, and acrolein. According to the source analysis by the PMF model, mobile sources are the main contributors of VOCs in summer in Chengdu, contributing 34% to TVOCs, followed by industrial sources (17%), volatile oil and gas (14%), and solvent use and natural sources contributing 11% and 13%. Therefore, motor vehicle and industrial emissions are the key control sources of VOCs in Chengdu, although control of pollution sources such as solvent use and oil or gas volatilization cannot be ignored.

To investigate the seasonal variations in the concentrations of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the urban area of Chengdu, VOC species were monitored from December 2018 to November 2019, and the concentrations, chemical composition, chemical reactivity, and sources of VOCs were analyzed. Average volume fraction of VOCs in spring, summer, autumn, and winter are 32.29×10 -9 , 36.25×10 -9 , 40.92×10 -9 , and 49.48×10 -9 , respectively. The concentrations in winter are significantly higher than the winter concentrations measured in other areas. There is no significant difference between VOC concentrations in spring and summer, but component concentrations vary from season to season. In winter, alkanes account for the largest proportion of total VOCs owing to vehicle emissions. The proportion of oxygen (nitrogen)-containing volatile organic compounds in summer and autumn is much higher than that in spring and winter. Volatile emissions from primary sources and secondary conversions have a great contribution. The average concentration of key components of VOCs in different seasons did not change significantly. C 2 -C 4 alkanes, ethylene, acetylene, and dichloromethane concentrations may be significantly affected by vehicle exhaust, oil and gas volatilization, solvent use, and LPG fuel use. ·OH consumption rate and OFP calculations show that key active species are mainly m / p -xylene, ethylene, propylene, 1-hexene, toluene, isopentane, and n -butane. Therefore, these species should be given priority in emissions control measures. Since the temperature in spring and summer is higher than in autumn and winter, and the UV rays are more intense, PMF analysis reveals the natural sources and the secondary emission sources as the major sources. The oil and gas volatilization source contributes to 9% of VOC concentrations in summer. The major VOC sources in autumn and winter are vehicle exhaust and combustion sources. Emissions from the combustion sources contribute to 25% and emissions from the catering sources in autumn and winter contribute to 9% of total VOC levels.

This research aimed to determine the characteristics of the motor vehicle exhaust emissions in the plateau area. The PM 2.5 was evaluated in the Caohai Tunnel of Kunming for this study by measuring the water-soluble inorganic ions, carbonaceous species, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and inorganic elements in air samples. The results showed that the mass concentration of PM 2.5 in the tunnel was about 225.65-312.84 μg·m -3 , which is 11-14 times the PM 2.5 concentration in the ambient atmosphere. The carbonaceous species were the most abundant species, constituting 35.73% of the total PM 2 5 mass, followed by inorganic elements constituting about 21.78% and the water-soluble inorganic ions in the range of 4.79%-5.52%. The smallest proportion of the PM 2.5 was PAH, constituting about 0.25%-0.32%. The Ca 2+ and SO 4 2- concentrations were the highest among the water-soluble inorganic ions, which accounted for about 77.78%-80.17% of the total ions and from the crust source. NH 4 + and NO 3 - are relatively high, coming mainly from automobile exhausts. The 4 and 6 ring PAHs with higher molecular weight and lower volatility were the dominant components of PM 2.5 in the Caohai Tunnel. The automobile exhaust contributing to PAHs in PM 2.5 is very significant. The most poisonous single BaP concentration is 23-29 times higher than the state regulations exposure limit, and it has reached a hazardous level. It is obvious that there are health risks from the exposure to PM 2.5 in the plateau highway tunnel. A principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the sources of road dust and automobile exhaust emission were about 61.64%, followed by mechanical wear and emissions that accounted for about 17.49% and tire wear emission sources that accounted for 9.11% of the total PM 2.5 . Under the conditions of hypobaric hypoxia in the Yun-Gui plateau, there is a greater chance of incomplete combustion of motor vehicle fuels, resulting in the increase in OC and PAHs in PM 2.5 emissions.

Objective: To study the role of arginase-1 (Arg-1) expression in differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), Arg-1 staining pattern in clear cell neoplasm (HCC and non-HCC) and Arg-1 expression in non-hepatocellular tumors., Methods: Seventy-eight cases of HCC (including 8 cases of clear cell type and 70 cases of non- clear cell type) and 246 cases of non-hepatocellular neoplasms (including 29 cases of metastatic tumors such as breast cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma, 77 cases of tumors with clear cell changes such as malignant melanoma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma and alveolar soft part sarcoma, and 140 cases of other types of tumors such as ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma, pituitary tumor and thyroid papillary carcinoma) were studied.Immunohistochemical study for Arg-1 was performed on the paraffin-embedded tumor tissue., Results: In HCC, Arg-1 demonstrated both cytoplasmic and nuclear staining, with an overall sensitivity of 96.2% (75/78).In well, moderately and poorly differentiated HCC, the sensitivity was 15/15, 100% (41/41) and 86.4% (19/22), respectively. That was in contrast to negative staining for Arg-1 in all the 29 cases of metastatic tumors studied. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Arg-1 in distinguishing HCC from metastatic tumors was 96.2%, 100%, 100% and 90.6%, respectively. Cytoplasmic and membranous staining was observed in clear cell type of HCC. The overall sensitivity of Arg-1 expression in the 77 cases of tumors with clear cell changes was 14.3% (11/77), including 8/15 for malignant melanoma, 2/4 for ovarian clear cell carcinoma and 1/1 gall bladder adenocarcinoma with clear cell component.In malignant melanoma and ovarian clear cell carcinoma, only cytoplasmic staining was demonstrated. There was no expression of Arg-1 in the 140 cases of other tumor types studied., Conclusions: Arg-1 is a sensitive and specific marker for HCC.It is a potentially useful immunohistochemical marker in distinguishing HCC from metastatic tumors. Though also expressed in malignant melanoma and ovarian clear cell carcinoma, Arg-1 shows a different staining pattern as compared with that in HCC.

Objective: To study the expression of β-catenin protein and the status of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromsome 10q in medulloblastoma, with clinical correlation., Methods: Immunohistochemical study for β-catenin protein was carried out in 50 cases of medulloblastoma encountered in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University during the period from 2002 to 2011, including 32 cases of classic medulloblastoma, 13 cases of desmoplastic medulloblastoma and 5 cases of medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity. The status of LOH on 10q was also detected by fluorescence in-situ hybridization. The clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic parameters were studied by Kaplan-Meien and Cox analysis., Results: The rates of expression of β-catenin protein in classic medulloblastoma, desmoplastic medulloblastoma and medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity were 53.1% (17/32), 4/13 and 1/5, respectively. The rate of LOH on 10q was 33.3% (8/24) in classic medulloblastoma and 2/11 in desmoplastic medulloblastoma. There was no statistically significant difference between the two tumor types. Univariate analysis showed that the expression of β-catenin protein (P = 0.022), lack of LOH on 10q (P = 0.020), extensiveness of tumor resection (P < 0.01), radiotherapy (P = 0.002) and chemotherapy (P < 0.01) represented important prognostic factors., Conclusions: Medulloblastoma with expression of β-catenin protein and without LOH on 10q carries a better prognosis. Assessment of these parameters is helpful in evaluating prognosis and subsequent patient management.

Recently, differentiation in phenotypic traits (P(ST)) and differentiation at neutral molecular markers (F(ST)) across populations have been become an important topic in evolutionary biology. The Minjiang River is a key genetic introgression zone between the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) and the Hepu mitten crab (Eriocheir hepuensis), making it an excellent area to study their genetics and evolutionary mechanisms. We compared and analyzed P(ST) in 14 phenotypic traits and F(ST) in six microsatellite markers from 133 individuals of the mitten crab, sampled in the Minjiang River in 2009 and 2010. The results indicated that 11 phenotypic traits were significantly different (P<0.01) between the 2009 and 2010 populations. The mean expected heterozygosity (H(E)) of the 2009 populations was significantly higher (P=0.008) than that of 2010 populations, but the mean allele richness (A(R)), observed heterozygosity (H( O)) and inbreeding coefficient (F(IS)) were all not significant between 2009 and 2010 populations (P=0.136-0.675). F(ST) in microsatellite markers was 0.1429 between the two years. In the 14 traits, only one trait (F2) was found with P(ST)F(ST), suggesting that directional selection is occurring. This study provides valuable data to the further study and analysis of the molecular evolution of the mitten crab, and contributes a useful reference in comparing P(ST) and F(ST) in other aquatic organisms.