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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer is the property of Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer is the property of Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer is the property of Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Harmful algal bloom (HAB) occurs frequently and causes serious damage. To study the early-warning and prediction technology of HAB is of significance for the early-warning and prediction, ecological control, and disaster prevention and mitigation of HAB. This paper reviewed the research progress in the early-warning and prediction technologies of HAB, including transport prediction, specific factors critical value prediction, data-driven model, and ecological math model, and evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of these four types of technologies. Some new ideas were brought forward about the prediction of cyanobacterial growth rate based on cell characteristics, and the early-warning of cyanobacterial bloom based on algal community characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By the method of hydroponic culture, this paper studied the alleviation effects of LaCl3 on the photosynthetic characteristics of cucumber seedlings under nitrate (140 mmol NO3-×L-1) stress, with the related mechanisms discussed. Under nitrate stress, the seedlings leaf chlorophyll and carotenoids contents decreased significantly, and the leaf Mg2+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase activities also decreased. On the 7th day of nitrate stress, the decrease of seedlings photosynthetic rate was mainly due to stomatal limitation; but on the 12th day of nitrate stress, the decrease was mainly due to no-stomatal limitation. Supplement with LaCl3 could make the cucumber seedlings keep relatively higher leaf Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activities and chlorophyll and carotenoids contents, and applying 20 μmol×L-1 of LaCl3 could increase the carotenoids content significantly. LaCl3 could also improve the leaf gas exchange, and alleviate the decrease of leaf Fv/Fm, ɸPSII, AQY, CE, and qp under nitrate stress, which helped the leaves making good use of light energy and maintaining higher CO2 assimilation capacity. An additional 20 μmol×L-1 of LaCl3 could alleviate the nitrate stress on the photosynthesis of cucumber seedlings efficiently, but an additional 200 μmol×L-1 of LaCl3 only had the alleviation effect at the initial period of nitrate stress. Our results could benefit to the improvement of greenhouse soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the high-yielding winter wheat cultivar Jimai 22 as test material, a field experiment was conducted in Yanzhou of Shandong to examine the effects of regulated deficit irrigation on the water consumption and water use efficiency (WUE) of the cultivar. Five treatments were installed, i.e., the soil relative moisture content at sowing, jointing, and anthesis stages being 80%, 65% and65% (W0), 80%, 70% and 70% (W1), 80%, 80% and 80% (W2), 90%, 80% and 80% (W3), and 90%, 85% and 85% (W4), respectively. Under the condition of 228 mm precipitation in growth season, the total water consumption was higher in treatments W1 and W4 than in treatments W0, W2, and W3, and no difference was observed between treatments W1 and W4. Comparing with W4, treatment W1 decreased the water storage in 0-200 cm soil layer and the water consumption by wheat from jointing to anthesis stages, but increased the water consumption from anthesis to maturity stages. The water consumption rates at the stages from jointing to anthesis and from anthesis to maturity in treatment W4 were higher. Under regulated deficit irrigation, treatment W0 had higher WUE, but the grain yield was the lowest. The WUE in other treatments increased first, and then decreased with increasing irrigation amount. Both the water consumption and the grain yield were the highest in treatments W1 and W4, and treatment W1 had higher irrigation water use efficiency and irrigation benefit than treatment W4, being the best irrigation regime of high-yielding and water-saving in our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modeling techniques are indispensable for the researches on the carbon cycle of forest ecosystem. In this paper, a new general simulation system FORCASS (FORest CArbon Simulation System) was designed and developed under Simulink environment, with the objectives of modeling the carbon cycle dynamics of forest ecosystems. A comprehensive analysis on the framework, design solution, and development process showed that the FORCASS was feasible. This simulation system had the characteristics of 1) it divided the carbon storage in forest ecosystem into four compartments, i.e., vegetation, litter, soil, and animal, and took into account the carbon flows between the compartments, possessing high mechanism and easily to be comprehended, 2) it was a process-based system, taking the Richards growth function of vegetation component biomass carbon storage as the input to solve difference equations, and was easily to export the outputs such as net primary productivity (NPP) and net ecosystem productivity (NEP) at different stand ages, and 3) it had the explicit expansibility because it was developed based on a general framework for carbon cycle patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the data of bottom trawl surveys in the vicinity of Pearl River estuary in August (summer), October (autumn), December (winter) 2006, and April (spring) 2007, the faunal characteristics and distribution pattern of crustaceans were analyzed. A total of 54 species belonging to 25 genera, 17 families, and 2 orders were collected, including 22 species of shrimps, 22 species of crabs, and 10 species of squills. Most of the crustaceans were tropical-subtropical warm-water species, a few of them were eurythermal species, and no warm-water and cold-water species occurred. Euryhaline species were most abundant, followed by halophile species, and the low-salinity species were the least. Most of the crustacean species belonged to the fauna of Indian Ocean-western Pacific Ocean. The faunal assemblages were closer to those of the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, Indonesia Sea, and the Japan Sea, and estranger with those of the Yellow Sea, Bohai Sea, and Korea Sea. The dominant species were Metapenaeus joyner, Oratosquilla oratoria, Charybdis miles, Portunus sanguinolentus, Harpiosquilla harpax, Charybdis feriatus, Charybdis japonica, Oratosquilla nepa, Solenocera crassicornis, Portunus trituberculatus, and Calappa philargius. The crustaceans had the largest species number (33) in autumn and the least one (26) in spring, and the highest stock density at the water depth of < 40 m, especially at 10-20 m. The average stock density of the crustaceans was estimated to be 99.60 kg · km2, with the highest (198.93 kg · km2) in summer and the lowest (42.35 kg · km2) in spring. Of the 3 species groups, crabs had the highest stock density (41.81 kg · km2), followed by shrimps (38.91 kg · km2), and squills (18.88 kg · km2). The stock densities of the 3 species groups showed an obvious seasonal variation. Shrimps had the highest stock density (120.32 kg · km2) in summer and the lowest density (0.67 kg · km2) in spring, while crabs and squills had the highest density (62.01 and 29.49 kg · km2, respectively) in winter and the lowest density (24.64 and 6.30 kg · km2, respectively) in autumn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From June 2003 to May 2004, the precipitation at Changshu Agro-ecological Station (31° 32′45" N, 120° 41′57" E) of Chinese Academy of Sciences was collected to monitor its particle- and dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, with the seasonal variation of nitrogen and phosphorus in wet deposition in Taihu Lake region investigated. The nitrogen input from wet deposition had an obvious seasonal variation, being higher in summer and spring and lower in autumn and winter. The ratios of dissolved nitrogen (DN) and particle nitrogen (PN) to total nitrogen (TN) in wet deposition were 88.2% and 11.8%, and those of dissolved phosphorus (DP) and particle phosphorus (PP) to total phosphorus (TP) were 53.3% and 46.7%, respectively. The amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus deposited into Taihu Lake region by light and medium precipitation were higher than those by heavy precipitation. The annual input of TN and TP from wet deposition was 30.2 kg · hm2 and 1.1 kg · hm2, respectively, and the DN concentration in all precipitation events as well as the DP concentration in 92.5% of precipitation events was higher than the thresholds of inland water eutrophication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using grid and transect methods, measurement plots were established in forest gap of Pinus koraiensis-dominated broadleaved mixed forest in Xiao Xing'an Mountains, and soil surface thermometer and bended-tube thermometer were placed at each plot. The soil surface temperature, its maximum and minimum temperature, and the temperature at 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm soil depths were measured from May to September in 2006, aimed to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of soil temperature in the forest gap in study area. The high-value region of soil surface temperature in forest gap was not at gap center, but had an apparent diurnal variation, with the sequence of northwestern, northern, and eastern sides of the gap. Within this high-value region, the maximum temperature from high to low was in the time order of 14:00, 12:00, 10:00 and 16:00. At any other time, the soil surface temperature in forest gap distributed evenly, with no high-value region appeared. The complexity degree and patch grades of spatial distribution of soil surface temperature were different in months, and their high-value regions were at the north-western and eastern sides of the gap, with an asymmetric distribution. The mean diurnal range of soil surface temperature was bigger in the tree's early and late growth periods (May and September) , but relatively smaller in fast growth period. As for the mean daily and monthly soil temperature at 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm depths, a bimodal behavior was observed in east-west direction. The mean daily temperature in north-south direction exhibited an unapparent single peak behavior, and the mean monthly temperature except in May presented a single peak variation pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer is the property of Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To develop and validate clinical and radiomics models based on gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced MRI of dual-phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma (DPHCC) for preoperative differential diagnosis. Methods: Two hundred and fifty inpatients of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) confirmed by postoperative pathology, who underwent Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI were retrospectively included. A total of 172 inpatients (72 DPHCC and 100 non-DPHCC) were included in Institution 1 (the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University) as a training cohort (between January 2020 and July 2023) and 78 inpatients (44 DPHCC and 34 non-DPHCC) were included in Institution 2 (the Third People's Hospital of Nantong) as an external validation cohort(between January 2019 and July 2023). The regions of interest of the tumor were delineated layer by layer in noncontrast phase, arterial phase (AP), portal venous phase (PP) and hepatobiliary phase (HBP) images. The software of FAE was used to extract the radiomics features of the images. Pearson correlation analysis and recursive feature elimination were used for feature selection. Each phase and combined radiomics models were established using logistic regression, linear discriminant analysis and support vector machine. Receiver operating characteristic curve and the areas under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate and select the dominant radiomics model. The dominant radiomics model was combined with clinically independent predictors to construct a clinical radiomics model. Delong test was used to compare the performance of the models. Results: The age of the training cohort was (59.6±10.4) years, in which there were 135 men (78.5%). In the external validation cohort, the age was (57.8±9.2) years, including 56 men (71.8%). The maximum diameters of the lesions [ M ( Q 1 , Q 3 ), 4.7 (2.6, 7.5) vs 2.7 (1.8, 4.4) cm, P <0.001] and the proportion of the multiple lesions (39.5% vs 16.7%, P <0.001) in the training cohort were higher than those in the external validation cohort. In the training group, the proportion of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the DPHCC subgroup (66.7%,48/172) was higher than that in non-DPHCC subgroup (49.0%,49/78, P =0.021). In the external validation cohort, the AUC (95% CI ) of the PP [0.835 (0.733-0.937)] and combined radiomics models [0.786 (0.681-0.891)] were significantly higher than that of noncontrast phase [0.451 (0.319-0.584)], AP [0.566 (0.435-0.696)] and HBP models [0.496 (0.363-0.629)] (all P <0.05). There was no significant difference in AUC between PP radiomics model and combined radiomics model ( P =0.189). The AUC between the radiomics models and clinical-radiomics models, which were brought into clinically independent variable HBV, showed no significant difference (all P >0.05). Conclusion: Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI radiomics model based on portal venous phase may be available for discriminating DPHCC from non-DPHCC before operation.

Gallbladder polyp is a common disease of gallbladder, the incidence of gallbladder polyp in China is about 5%~10%, and the trend is increasing year by year. The patients with gallbladder polyps had no obvious clinical symptoms, which was more than that found by ultrasonography during physical examination. At present, the diameter of gallbladder polyps>10 mm is still used by clinicians as the main surgical indication for cholecystectomy. According to the data, about 80% to 90% of gallbladder polyps are cholesterol type polyps and benign gallbladder polyps. For these patients whose gallbladder is removed due to benign gallbladder polyps, we consider that we can continue to observe or retain the gallbladder, without having to bear the adverse consequences that may be caused by gallbladder removal. Based on the literature analysis at home and abroad, this paper discusses the surgical treatment of gallbladder polyps and the results of postoperative pathological diagnosis, and reminds the majority of clinicians to be careful when removing gallbladder polyps.

Objective: To summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor (SMARCA4-UT). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 51 patients with SMARCA4-UT who were diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2018 to December 2023, and 52 patients with SMARCA4-intact non-small cell lung cancer (SMARCA4-iNSCLC) expression admitted during the same period were used as controls. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test were used to analyze the survival difference between the two groups of patients, and the Cox regression model was used to explore the factors influencing the prognosis of the two groups of patients. Results: In the SMARCA4-UT group, there were 50 males and 1 female, with the age of (63.8±9.7) years. Compared to the SMARCA4-iNSCLC group, the SMARCA4-UT group exhibited a higher proportion of male patients and smokers, as well as a higher Ki-67 level (all P <0.05). SMARCA4-UT is mainly characterized by solid lesions with poor adhesion, and some of them exhibit rhabdomyoid morphology. Immunohistochemistry revealed negative results for BRG1, thyroid transcription factor-1, P40, NapsinA, and others were mostly negative, while some patients were positive for spalt-like transcription factor 4. There were a relatively large number of cases with Ki-67≥30% (47/51, 92%). Among the 10 patients in the SMARCA4-UT group who underwent next-generation sequencing genetic testing, 6 patients were found to have SMARCA4 mutations, often accompanied by TP53 (8/10, 80%), STK 11(3/10, 30%), KRAS(2/10, 20%), with fewer common driver gene mutations. The average tumor mutation burden was 16.12 mutations/Mb. Compared with SMARCA4-iNSCLC patients, the median overall survival of SMARCA4-UT patients was significantly shorter (12 months vs 45 months, P <0.001), and the median overall survival of patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ SMARCA4-UT treated with immunotherapy was longer than that of patients without immunotherapy (23 months vs 7 months, P =0.027). The results of the multivariate Cox regression model analysis indicated that SMARCA4 deficiency is a risk factor for prognosis in patients with SMARCA4-UT and SMARCA4-iNSCLC [ HR =7.954(95% CI： 2.764-22.890), P <0.001]. Conclusions: SMARCA4-UT is a rare undifferentiated tumour distinct from SMARCA4-iNSCLC, which is prevalent among elderly male smokers. It possesses high invasiveness and poor prognosis. The typical pathological characteristic is negative BRG1. Immunotherapy demonstrates a certain effect.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of children with complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB) mediated by maternal autoantibodies. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on nine children diagnosed with maternal autoantibody-mediated CLBBB, treated at Beijing Anzhen Hospital and Fujian Provincial Hospital from March 2015 to August 2023. Their clinical characteristics, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings before and after treatment were reviewed. Paired sample t -test was used for inter-group comparison. Results: Among the mothers, 6 had positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA), 5 had anti-Sjogren syndrome antigen A antibodies, and 3 had anti-Ro-52 antibodies. The cohort included one female and eight male children, diagnosed with CLBBB at the age of 1 (2, 13) months. The positive autoantibodies in the infants, consisted with maternal antibodies, were detected within the first 3 months of life among 3 cases. Treatments included anti-heart failure therapy, myocardial nutritional support, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and glucocorticoids. Before treatment, the levels of troponin I (0.175 (0.060, 10.270) μg/L) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (420 (327, 12 865) ng/L) were elevated, which normalized in most cases after treatment. Post-treatment, the QRS duration significantly shortened compared to pre-treatment ((137±15) vs. (169±25) ms, t =3.76, P <0.001), and the QTc interval significantly decreased ((433±41) vs. (514±27) ms, t =4.95, P =0.001). Before treatment, varying degrees of mitral and tricuspid regurgitation and marked interventricular septal dyskinesia were observed in echocardiography. After treatment, valve regurgitation and ventricular septum motion significantly improved, with a marked increase in left ventricular ejection fraction ((51±13)% vs. (27±6)%, t =-6.66, P <0.001). Conclusions: Maternal autoantibody-mediated CLBBB in children presents with chronic heart failure in infancy. Early treatment with anti-heart failure medications, IVIG and glucocorticoids can improve clinical symptoms.

Pancreatic cancer patients often have complaints such as upper abdominal pain and obstructive jaundice when seeking diagnosis and treatment. However, acute pancreatitis as a rare initial clinical manifestation of pancreatic cancer is often overlooked in clinical practice. This oversight often leads to a delayed diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, uncertainty in treatment strategies, and significantly affects patients' quality of life and prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment, and active follow-up are crucial for patients with acute pancreatitis as an initial symptom of pancreatic cancer. Upon admission to such patients, common causes such as gallstones, alcohol abuse, and hyperlipidemia should be initially ruled out. Evaluation with tumor markers, CT and MRI, and endoscopic ultrasound are essential to confirm the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. For patients with mild pancreatitis, managing peripancreatic inflammation first before radical resection of pancreatic cancer could reduce postoperative complications. Moreover, pancreatitis serves as a high-risk factor for pancreatic cancer, so it is crucial to closely follow up patients with pancreatitis to detect pancreatic cancer early.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and associated risk of cardiovascular event of resistant hypertension in treated outpatients. Methods: This study was a nationwide multi-center prospective cohort study. The participants were treated outpatients enrolled in the China Nationwide Ambulatory and Home Blood Pressure Registry study of 42 hospitals in 19 provinces across the country from August 2009 to October 2017. Apparent resistant hypertension was defined as uncontrolled office blood pressure (≥140/90 mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) in spite of the use of three antihypertensive drugs or controlled office blood pressure (<140/90 mmHg) with four antihypertensive drugs or more. Subjects diagnosed with uncontrolled office blood pressure were further subdivided as pseudo-resistant hypertension and true resistant hypertension based on 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. The primary endpoint was fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, which was a composite endpoint consisting of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular death, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, myocardial infarction, coronary artery revascularization, unstable angina, heart failure, and coronary artery stenosis≥50% confirmed by coronary angiography. Secondary outcomes included fatal and non-fatal stroke or cardiac events. Patients with controlled office blood pressure after taking only 1 or 2 antihypertensive drugs were included as control. Kaplan-Meier survival curves, log-rank test, and Cox proportional risk model were used to evaluate the risk of apparent refractory hypertension in relation to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular prognosis. Results: A total of 2 782 treated hypertensive patients, aged (58.1±12.3) years were enrolled, including 1 403 (50.4%) men. The prevalence of apparent and true resistant hypertension was 15.1% (420/2 782) and 10.5% (293/2 782), respectively. Among patients with apparent resistant hypertension, during a median of 5 years follow-up, the cumulative incidence rate was 28.2, 11.2 and 19.1 per 1 000 person-years for fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events ( n =58), stroke ( n =24) and cardiac events ( n =40), respectively. The Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test showed that those patients with true resistant hypertension, had the highest cumulative incidence rate of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, stroke, and cardiac events. Multivariable Cox regression analyses showed that true resistant hypertension was associated with a significantly higher risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events ( HR =1.73, 95% CI 1.17-2.56, P =0.006) and stroke ( HR= 2.81, 95% CI 1.53-5.17, P =0.001). Conclusion: Resistant hypertension, especially true resistant hypertension, is associated with a higher risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiac and cerebrovascular events.

Objective: To analyze the detection of colorectal advanced neoplasms in the population who underwent colonoscopy screening in Henan Province as part of the Urban China Cancer Screening Program and its influencing factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed. Based on the Cancer Screening Program conducted in Henan Province, the study enrolled 7 454 urban residents who manifested no symptoms and were recruited from eight cities in the province, including Zhengzhou, Zhumadian, Anyang, Luoyang, Nanyang, Jiaozuo, Xinxiang, and Puyang from October 2013 to October 2019, and participated in colonoscopy screening. The χ 2 test was used to compare the detection rates of colorectal advanced neoplasms among participants with different characteristics, and a multivariate logistic stepwise regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting the detection rates. Results: A total of 7 454 subjects underwent colonoscopy screening, and 112 cases of colorectal advanced neoplasms were detected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that older age, smoking, higher meat intake, history of diabetes, and family history of colorectal cancer in a first-degree relative were risk factors for colorectal advanced neoplasms. The detection rate was significantly higher in people aged 60-74 years compared with those aged 40-49 years, with an odds ratio ( OR ) of 2.04 (95% CI : 1.23-3.38).The rates were higher in people who smoked than those who did not smoke, with an OR of 2.21 (95% CI : 1.48-3.31), and in people who consumed more meat than those who consumed less, with an OR of 1.53 (95% CI : 1.04-2.26). Those with diabetes had a higher detection rate compared with those without, with an OR of 1.69 (95% CI : 1.07-2.69), and those with a first-degree family history of colorectal cancer had a higher detection rate than those without, with an OR of 1.64 (95% CI : 1.09-2.46). Conclusion: The detection rate of colorectal advanced neoplasms through colonoscopy screening in Henan Province covered by the Urban China Cancer Screening Program is 1.50%. Older age, smoking, higher meat intake, history of diabetes, and family history of colorectal cancer in a first-degree relative are identified as risk factors for colorectal advanced neoplasms.

Objective: To measure and compare the difference of personal attenuation rating (PAR) of the workers wearing foam earplugs before and after the training, and to evaluate the effect of ear protector wearing training on the noise protection. Methods: In February 2023, 94 workers exposed to noise in a machinery manufacturing factory were selected as subjects. The production noise in the workplace was measured and subjects were trained to wear earplugs. The PAR values of wearing 3M 1110 foam test earplugs were measured and recorded before and after the training by using the fit testing of hearing protection device. The differences between the actual PAR values with nominal values and the noise attenuation values in related standards were compared, and the protective effect of hearing protection device before and after training was evaluated. Results: The average age of the subjects was (36.76±11.48) years old, the average length of service was (16.34±11.64) years, and the average exposure time to noise was (15.67±11.64) years. The noise detection results of the subjects' posts were ranged from 80.1 to 94.3 dB (A). The results of subjects wore 3M 1110 foam test earplugs for fit testing showed that the binaural PAR value after training was (19.3±6.4) dB (A), which was significantly higher than that before training (11.1±7.4) dB (A) ( t =13.31, P <0.001). After training, 11 people (11.70%) could reach the corrected noise reduction value (NRR value), 26 people (27.66%) could reach the standard of single noise reduction value (SNR value) ×0.6, and 84 people (89.36%) could reach the standard of (NRR-7) /2. The under protection rate of hearing protectors after training (7.45%) was significantly lower than that before training (45.74%), and the difference of different protection levels before and after training was statistically significant (χ(2)=40.83, P <0.001) . Conclusion: It is suggested that enterprises should use the fit testing instead of nominal value estimation to evaluate the noise reduction effect of hearing protection device. Special training on the selection and use of hearing protection device should be strengthened, so as to ensure that workers wear them correctly and improve the protective effect of hearing protection device.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, intervention methods and effect of arteriovenous graft (AVG) stenosis. Methods: The clinical data of patients who received AVG in the Blood Purification Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2018 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patency rate, prevalence and intervention effect of AVG stenosis were analyzed. Results: A total of 475 patients aged (55.5±11.8) years were included, and there were 193 male cases (40.6%) and 282 female cases (59.4%). The patients were followed up for [ M ( Q 1 , Q 3 )] 19 (12, 30) months, and the primary, assisted primary and secondary patency were 14 (5, 27), 27 (13, 55), and 59 (33, 65) months, respectively. There were 799 access events which needed intervention, with a total standardized intervention rate of 0.90 per patient-year. Totally, 431(53.9%, 431/799) stenosis events occurred in 207 AVG. Among 422 AVG stenosis events with complete clinical data, 57.8% (244/422) were multi-site stenosis and 42.2% (178/422) were single-site stenosis. The most common sites of stenosis were graft-vein anastomosis (47.6%, 340/715), venous outflows (22.7%, 162/715), and puncture zone (20.0%, 143/715). In the 414 stenosis with intact follow-up data, 90.8% (376/414) were treated by balloon angioplasty, 8.5% (35/414) received covered stent insertion, and 0.7% (3/414) were intervened by open surgery. Clinical success rate was 98.1% (406/414). The primary patency time after endovascular treatment was 6 (4, 12) months. Covered stent significantly increased post-intervention primary patency time compared withballoon angioplasty [6 (3, 7) months vs 3 (1, 4) months, P =0.020]. Conclusions: Stenosis is the most common complication of AVG, and the most common sites are graft-vein anastomosis, venous outflows, and puncture zone. Intervention of AVG stenosis has a high clinical success rate, and a relatively low post-intervention patency. Covered stent insertion improves the post-intervention patency of AVG, which has a poor effect using balloon expansion.

Objective: To investigate personal exposures to nitrogen oxides (NO X ) and nitrogen di-oxide (NO 2 ) and the influence of baseline personal characteristics, living environment and daily activity patterns of the participants on the exposures among adults over 35 in Tianjin and Shanghai., Methods: In this panel study, 91 healthy nonsmoking adults aged over 35 from Tianjin and Shanghai participated in our study. The study was conducted in summer and winter. The participants were followed for three times with an interval of at least two weeks. Only participants in Shanghai were followed once in winter because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Twenty-seven participants completed follow-up visits in both seasons. We measured their 24 h personal exposures to NO X and NO 2 and collected their baseline and time-activity information through questionnaire/diary. The linear mixed model was used to analyze the associations between potential influencing factors and personal NO X and NO 2 exposure levels., Results: There were 349 follow-up visits with valid 24 h personal NO 2 and NO X exposure measurements in the two cities. The ave-rage 24 h personal exposures to NO 2 and NO X (volume fraction) in Tianjin participants were 18.0×10 -9 and 26.2×10 -9 in summer, and 31.0×10 -9 and 54.9×10 -9 in winter, respectively; and the average 24 h personal exposures to NO 2 and NO X in Shanghai participants were 38.7×10 -9 and 100.0×10 -9 in summer, and 45.5×10 -9 and 139.2×10 -9 in winter, respectively. The results of univariate regression analysis showed that their personal NO X exposure levels were significantly associated with city, season, gender, average daily cooking times, and ambient NO 2 concentrations measured at fixed-site monitoring stations. In addition to the above factors, the personal NO X exposure levels were also significantly associated with educational level and the personal NO 2 exposure levels were also significantly associated with passive smoking, average daily home time, cooking energy type, residential distance from main traffic road, and use of kitchen ventilators. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the personal exposure levels of NO 2 and NO X were significantly lower in Tianjin than that in Shanghai, were significantly lower in summer than that in winter, and were significantly and positively associated with ambient NO 2 concentrations measured at fixed-site monitoring stations. In addition, personal NO X exposure levels were significantly lower in females than in males, and personal NO 2 exposure levels were significantly positively associated with average daily cooking times and significantly inversely associated with average daily home time. For every interquartile range ( IQR ) increase (12.7×10 -9 ) in ambient NO 2 , the personal NO 2 exposure levels increased by 27.5% (95% CI : 17.0%-38.9%), and personal NO X exposure levels increased by 16.1% (95% CI : 7.1%-25.8%)., Conclusion: Season, city and ambient NO 2 concentrations are significant influencing factors of personal exposure levels of NO 2 and NO X. At the same time, the personal exposures levels of NO 2 are also affected by lifestyle factors. Our study provides scientific evidence for making precise air pollution control decisions and reducing the exposure levels of NO X in the population.

Objective: To compare the short-term effectiveness of arthroscopic suture of triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC), arthroscopic suture of TFCC combined with open reduction and internal fixation, and simple open reduction and internal fixation in the treatment of distal radius fractures combined with ulnar styloid base fractures and TFCC injury., Methods: A clinical data of 97 patients with distal radius fractures combined with ulnar styloid base fracture and TFCC injury, who were admitted between September 2019 and September 2022 and met the selective criteria, was retrospectively analyzed. After reduction and internal fixation of distal radius fractures, 37 cases underwent arthroscopic suture of TFCC (TFCC group), 31 cases underwent arthroscopic suture of TFCC combined with open reduction and internal fixation of ulnar styloid base fractures (combination group), and 29 cases underwent simple open reduction and internal fixation of ulnar styloid base fractures (internal fixation group). There was no significant difference in baseline data between groups ( P >0.05), such as gender, age, injury side, time from injury to operation, and preoperative radius height, palm inclination, ulnar deviation, grip strength, wrist range of motion (ROM) in rotation, ulnar-radial deviation, and flexion-extension. The differences (change value) in radius height, metacarpal inclination angle, ulnar deviation angle, grip strength, and wrist ROM in rotation, ulnar-radial deviation, and flexion-extension between preoperative and 12 months after operation in 3 groups were compared. The effectiveness was evaluated according to the modified Gartland-Werley score at 12 months after operation., Results: All incisions healed by first intention. All patients were followed up 12-18 months (mean, 14 months). X-ray films showed that there were 4 patients with non-union of ulnar styloid base fracture in TFCC group, and the remaining patients had fracture healing at 3 months after operation. The radius height, palm inclination, and ulnar deviation of 3 groups at 12 months after operation were significantly better than those before operation ( P< 0.05); however, the differences in the change values of the above indexes between groups was not significant ( P >0.05). At 12 months after operation, the change values of wrist ROM in rotation, ulnar-radial deviation, and flexion-extension in the TFCC group and the combination group were significantly greater than those in the internal fixation group ( P <0.05), and there was no significant difference between the TFCC group and the combination group ( P >0.05). The change values of grip strength was significantly greater in the combination group than in the internal fixation group ( P <0.05); there was no significant difference between the other groups ( P >0.05). The excellent and good rates according to the modified Gartland-Werley score were 91.89% (34/37), 93.54% (29/31), and 72.41% (21/29) in the TFCC group, the combination group, and the internal fixation group, respectively. The excellent and good rates of the TFCC group and the combination group were significantly higher than that of the internal fixation group ( P <0.05); there was no significant difference between the TFCC group and the combination group ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: For ulnar styloid base fractures with TFCC injury, compared with simple open reduction and internal fixation, arthroscopic suture of TFCC or suture TFCC combined with internal fixation treatment are both beneficial for wrist function recovery, and their short-term effectiveness are similar. Therefore, arthroscopic suture of TFCC may be a better choice.

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of reduction robot combined with navigation robot-assisted minimally invasive treatment for Tile type B pelvic fractures., Methods: Between January 2022 and February 2023, 10 patients with Tile type B pelvic fractures were admitted. There were 6 males and 4 females with an average age of 45.5 years (range, 30-71 years). The fractures were caused by traffic accident in 5 cases, bruising by heavy object in 3 cases, and falling from height in 2 cases. The interval between injury and operation ranged from 4-13 days (mean, 6.8 days). There were 2 cases of Tile type B1 fractures, 1 case of Tile type B2 fracture, and 7 cases of Tile type B3 fractures. After closed reduction under assistance of reduction robot, the anterior ring was fixed with percutaneous screws with or without internal fixator, and the posterior ring was fixed with sacroiliac joint screws under assistance of navigation robot. The time of fracture reduction assisted by the reduction robot was recorded and the quality of fracture reduction was evaluated according to the Matta scoring criteria. The operation time, intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency and time, intraoperative bleeding volume, and incidence of complications were also recorded. During follow-up, the X-ray film of pelvis was taken to review the fracture healing, and the Majeed score was used to evaluate hip joint function., Results: The time of fracture reduction was 42-62 minutes (mean, 52.3 minutes). The quality of fracture reduction according to the Matta scoring criteria was rated as excellent in 4 cases, good in 5 cases, and poor in 1 case, with excellent and good rate of 90%. The operation time was 180-235 minutes (mean, 215.5 minutes). Intraoperative fluoroscopy was performed 18-66 times (mean, 31.8 times). Intraoperative fluoroscopy time was 16-59 seconds (mean, 28.6 seconds). The intraoperative bleeding volume was 50-200 mL (range, 110.0 mL). No significant vascular or nerve injury occurred during operation. All patients were followed up 13-18 months (mean, 16 months). X-ray films showed that all fractures healed with the healing time of 11-14 weeks (mean, 12.3 weeks). One case of ectopic ossification occurred during follow-up. At last follow-up, the Majeed score was 70-92 (mean, 72.7), and the hip joint function was rated as excellent in 2 cases and good in 8 cases, with the excellent and good rate of 100%., Conclusion: The reduction robot combined with navigation robot-assisted minimally invasive treatment for Tile type B pelvic fractures has the characteristics of intelligence, high safety, convenient operation, and minimally invasive treatment, which can achieve reliable effectiveness.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of computer-assisted and robot-assisted atlantoaxial pedicle screw implantation for the treatment of reversible atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD)., Methods: The clinical data of 42 patients with reversible AAD admitted between January 2020 and June 2023 and met the selection criteria were retrospectively analyzed, of whom 23 patients were treated with computer-assisted surgery (computer group) and 19 patients were treated with Mazor X spinal robot-assisted surgery (robot group). There was no significant difference in gender, age, T value of bone mineral density, body mass index, etiology, and preoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, Neck Dysfunction Index (NDI) between the two groups ( P >0.05). The operation time, screw implantation time, intraoperative blood loss, hand and wrist radiation exposure, and complications were recorded and compared between the two groups. Gertzbein classification was used to evaluate the accuracy of screw implantation. JOA score and NDI were used to evaluate the function before operation, at 3 days after operation, and at last follow-up. At last follow-up, the status of screws and bone fusion were observed by neck three-dimensional CT., Results: The operation time and hand and wrist radiation exposure of the computer group were significantly longer than those of the robot group ( P <0.05), and there was no significant difference in the screw implantation time and intraoperative blood loss between the two groups ( P >0.05). All patients were followed up 11-24 months, with an average of 19.6 months. There was no significant difference in the follow-up time between the two groups ( P >0.05). There was no significant difference in the accuracy of screw implantation between the two groups ( P >0.05). Except for 1 case of incision infection in the computer group, which improved after antibiotic treatment, there was no complication such as nerve and vertebral artery injury, screw loosening, or breakage in the two groups. The JOA score and NDI significantly improved in both groups at 3 days after operation and at last follow-up ( P <0.05) compared to those before operation, but there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P >0.05). At last follow-up, 21 patients (91.3%) in the computer group and 18 patients (94.7%) in the robot group achieved satisfactory atlantoaxial fusion, and there was no significant difference in the fusion rate between the two groups ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: Computer-assisted or robot-assisted atlantoaxial pedicle screw implantation is safe and effective, and robotic navigation shortens operation time and reduces radiation exposure.

The clinical data of 7 patients (3 males and 4 females) with functional pituitary neuroendocrine tumor treated by endoscopic transnasal resection of the cavernous sinus medial wall from May to October 2023 in the Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China were retrospectively analyzed. They ranged in age from 29 to 60, with an average age of 45. The clinical diagnosis was acromegaly in 5 cases and Cushing's disease in 2 cases. There were 1 cases of microadenoma and 6 cases of macroadenoma. Knosp grade: Grade 1 adenoma in 3 cases, grade 2 adenoma in 3 cases and grade 3A adenoma in 1 case. Intraoperative resection of cavernous sinus medial wall was performed on the side of tumor. Five cases were determined to be invaded by tumor, and 2 cases were uncertain. No internal carotid artery injury occurred in all patients. The average intraoperative blood loss was 156 ml, and no patient was transfused. Postoperative endocrine remission was found in 6 cases, and tumor cells were found in 6 cases by pathological examination of the medial wall of cavernous sinus. No serious complications occurred in all patients. For Knosp grade 1-3 functional pituitary neuroendocrine tumor surgery, if there is no clear false envelope or normal pituitary between the tumor and the cavernous sinus medial wall during the operation, the cavernous sinus medial wall should be actively removed to improve the postoperative endocrine remission rate.

Objective: To compare the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations using total keratometry (TK) versus standard keratometry (K) in post-corneal refractive surgery cataract patients. Methods: This retrospective case series study included 30 patients (36 eyes) with a history of laser corneal refractive surgery who underwent cataract extraction and IOL implantation at Qingdao Eye Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, from September 2022 to December 2023. The cohort comprised 16 males and 14 females, with an average age of (53.6±8.1) years. IOL power was calculated using the K-based Haigis-L and Barrett True-K formulas, as well as the TK-based Haigis and Barrett Universal Ⅱ formulas. Postoperative objective refraction was performed to obtain the actual refractive status of the operated eyes. The refractive prediction error (RPE) was defined as the difference between the actual spherical equivalent and the predicted refraction. The absolute value of the RPE was taken as the refractive absolute error (RAE). Differences in errors calculated by the four formulas were compared. Results: TK showed good consistency with K, with TK being on average 0.50 D lower than K. Analysis of variance revealed statistically significant differences in RPE among the four formulas ( P <0.001). The RPE for the TK-based Haigis formula was (0.17±0.09) D, and for the Barrett Universal Ⅱ formula, it was (0.21±0.11) D, both significantly better than the K-based Haigis-L formula (-0.61±0.12) D and Barrett True-K formula (-0.57±0.11) D (all P <0.001). The percentage of eyes with postoperative RPE<±1.00 D was higher for the TK-based Haigis (92%, 33 eyes) and Barrett Universal Ⅱ (86%, 31 eyes) formulas compared to the TK-based Barrett True-K (75%, 27 eyes) and Haigis-L formulas (67%, 24 eyes), with statistically significant differences ( P <0.05). Conclusions: Compared with K, TK improves the accuracy of IOL power calculation in post-corneal refractive surgery patients. Both the TK-based Barrett Universal Ⅱ and Haigis formulas demonstrate high accuracy.

Objective: To explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of three children with Leguis syndrome., Methods: Three children suspected as Legius syndrome at the Henan Children's Hospital for precocious puberty or short stature from June 6, 2019 to August 25, 2022 were selected as the study subjects. Clinical data of the children were collected. All children were subjected to whole exome sequencing, and candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing., Results: All of the children (including 2 females and 1 male, and aged 4 years and 6 months, 8 years, and 14 years and 8 months, respectively) had typical café de lait spots. Child 1 also had precocious puberty, and children 2 and 3 had short statures. Genetic testing revealed that all of them had harbored heterozygous variants of the SPRED1 gene, including c.751C>T (p.Arg251Ter194) in child 1, c.229A>T (p.Lys77Ter368) in child 2, and c.1044&#95;1046delinsC (p.R349fs*11) in child 3. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the c.751C>T (p.Arg251Ter194) variant was predicted to be likely pathogenic, whilst the other two were known pathogenic variants., Conclusion: All of the three children were diagnosed with Leguis syndrome due to variants of the SPRED1 gene, which had manifested as multiple café de lait spots in conjunct with precocious puberty or short statures.

Objective: To explore the correlation between structural chromosomal abnormality and clinical characteristics of a child featuring gonadal dysplasia., Methods: A 13-year-old child who was admitted to Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital on February 7, 2023 for primary amenorrhoea and occasional abdominal pain was selected as the study subject. Clinical data of the child was collected, and peripheral blood samples of the child and her parents were collected. G-banding chromosomal karyotyping and copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) were carried out. "Pseudodual centromere isochromosome X" and "psu idic(X)" were used as keywords to search the CNKI, Wanfang and PubMed databases, and the search period was set as from January 1, 2002 to June 1, 2023. Relevant literature on the structural abnormality of X chromosome was searched and analyzed retrospectively., Results: The child has a height of 153 cm and weighed 45 kg. She has no obvious facial dysmorphism. Laboratory tests showed that she had higher FSH and luteinizing hormone, and lower E 2 . Ultrasonography showed that she had small ovaries and rudimentary uterus. She was found to have a karyotype of 46,X,psu idic(X)(q21.3)[40]/mos 45,X[3], whilst both of her parents had a normal karyotype. CNV-seq showed that she had a 63.27 Mb deletion in Xq21.32q28 and a 91.59 Mb duplication in Xp22.33q21.32 (mosaicism rate = 74%). A total of 11 relevant literature were retrieved. Clinical phenotypes of patients with similar structural chromosomal abnormalities were diverse, which was closely related to the mosaicism rate of the 45,X karyotype and the location of the breaking point., Conclusion: 46,X,psu idic(X)(q21.3)/45,X probably underlay the dysplasia of uterus and ovary and sex hormone abnormalities in this child, while her height was spared. Deletion of Xq21.32q28 is a key factor leading to Turner syndrome-like phenotype such as rudimentary uterus and ovarian dysplasia.

Acid mine drainage （AMD） is of great concern owing to its safety hazards and environmental risks. However, little is known about the effects of AMD leakage on soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities in ecologically fragile desert steppe soils, especially in the soil profile. Therefore, an AMD-contaminated profile and clean profile were used as research objects respectively to investigate the effects of AMD on soil physicochemical properties and bacterial community composition, structure, and interactions in soil layers at different depths of desert grassland and, based on this, to analyze the driving factors of bacterial community changes. The results showed that AMD significantly decreased the pH and increased electrical conductivity （EC） and heavy metal content in the upper （0-40 cm） soil layer of the profile. The AMD-contaminated profile bacteria were dominated by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacterota, whereas clean profile bacteria were dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidota, with Thermithiobacillus and Alloprevotella being the biomarkers for the contaminated and clean profiles, respectively. AMD contamination significantly reduced bacterial diversity and significantly altered bacterial community structure in the upper soil layers of the profile. The results of redundancy analysis showed that soil physicochemical properties explained 57.21% of the variation in bacterial community changes, with EC, TP, TN, As, Zn, and Pb being the main drivers of bacterial community changes. Network analyses showed that AMD contamination increased profile complexity, modularity, and intra-community competition, thereby improving bacterial community stability and resilience. In conclusion, the study provided useful information on the effects of AMD pollution on soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities in desert steppe soils, which may help to improve the understanding of the ecological hazards of AMD pollution on soils in extreme habitats.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features of renal leukocyte chemokine type 2 amyloidosis (ALECT2). Methods: The prevalence, clinical characteristics, renal histopathological features, and renal outcome of 15 patients with ALECT2 by kidney biopsy were collected in the Department of Kidney Pathology, Shanxi Medical University Second Hospital, Taiyuan, China from January 1993 to December 2023. Immunohistochemistry and mass spectrometry for amyloid proteins were carried out. Results: Fifteen patients with ALECT2 were included in the study, representing 12.93% (15/116) of the renal biopsy-proven amyloidosis cases. There were 5 males and 10 females. The median age at diagnosis was 61 years. All patients had various degrees of proteinuria; 7 patients had nephrotic syndrome; 3 patients had renal insufficiency; 7 patients had microscopic hematuria. Renal biopsy showed that strongly orangophilic amyloid proteins distributed mainly in the renal cortical interstitium, vascular walls, the glomerular mesangium and/or glomerular basement membrane. Eight cases were diagnosed with ALECT2 alone and 7 cases combined with other renal diseases, including 4 cases with membranous nephropathy, 2 cases with IgA nephropathy, and 1 case with subacute tubular interstitial nephropathy. ALECT2 patients with concurrent renal disease showed a higher proteinuria level than those without (3.48 g/24 h versus 4.58 g/24 h). All patients were corroborated by immunohistochemistry to exhibit the specific location of LECT2 in the amyloid fibrils. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed LECT2 polypeptide in 9 patients. Except two patients with worsening renal function, the others showed stable renal function during the mean follow-up period of 12.5 months. Conclusions: ALECT2 is the second common type of renal amyloidosis in our center. The majority of ALECT2 patients show concurrent renal diseases, with a high rate of membranous nephropathy. Amyloid deposits distribute mainly in the cortical interstitium of the kidney, the glomerular mesangium and vascular walls. Mass spectrometry is the most sensitive and specific method for detecting LECT2 amyloidosis.

This study aimed to achieve rapid detection of Parkinson's disease (PD) plasma exosome miR-107. A case-control design was used to collect ten Parkinson's disease and ten healthy control plasma samples from the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from December 2023 to January 2024. Exosome detection via the ultrafast-isolation system (EXODUS) was used to isolate plasma exosomes. The nanoparticle tracking analysis technology and electron microscopy were used to identify exosome particle size and morphology. The Qiagen miRNeasy Micro Kit was used to extract RNA. The microRNA-activated conditional looping of engineered switches (miRacles) was used to detect miR-107, and the relative expression was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Thermo Fisher RevertAid RT Reverse Transcription Kit was used to perform reverse transcription of RNA, and real-time PCR was used to detect miR-107. The independent samples t-test was used for comparison between groups. EXODUS system completed the isolation of exosomes from 500 μl plasma within 1.5 hours. The exosome concentration (mean±SD) was (4.82±2.02)×10 10 particles/ml in the control group and (5.08±2.34)×10 10 particles/ml in the PD group. There was no significant difference in exosome concentration between PD patients and healthy controls ( t =-0.168, P =0.872). The morphology of exosomes was confirmed by electron microscopy. The miRacles nanoswitch could detect fM-level miR-107 and also effectively distinguish miR-107 from its family members, including miR-15a and miR-16. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that the mean±SD of relative grey value content was 1.00±0.26 in the control group and 1.86±0.21 in the PD group. The miR-107 in the PD group was significantly higher than that in the control ( t =-8.143, P <0.001), which was consistent with the result of real-time PCR. EXODUS combined with miRacles could achieve rapid, non-enzymatic and cheap detection of plasma exosomal miR-107 in PD patients.

Glomerular hyperfiltration(GHF), as an early manifestation of prediabetes and diabetic kidney disease, occurs mainly by the mechanism of glomerular-tubular feedback and hemodynamic alterations, and the risk of hyperfiltration can be elevated in younger patients, shorter duration of the disease, poor glycemic control, and high-protein, low-salt diet. Currently, there is no recognized standard for the definition of GHF, GHF lacks typical clinical manifestations, imaging diagnostic criteria are unclear, and GHF-related laboratory markers need to be further studied. Hyperfiltration, if not diagnosed and intervened in time, can accelerate the damage of nephron and the rate of nephropathy progression, and increase the risk of complications and death. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor(SGLT2i), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist(GLP-1RA)and so on can effectively reverse the hyperfiltration state. Clinical attention should be paid to the diagnosis of diabetic hyperfiltration and the prevention of its poor prognosis.

Methods: A total of 392 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were selected from the population of the epidemiological investigation project of allergic diseases in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia. The project was led by Department of Allergy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, and assisted by Hohhot First Hospital from April to May 2023. The patients were randomly divided into a spleen aminopeptide group (296 cases) and control group (96 cases) at a ratio of 3∶1, and the enrollment period was from June 1 to 14, 2023. The treatment group was treated with spleen aminopeptide oral solution for 12 weeks starting from 4-6 weeks (±7 days) before the pollen dispersal period, while the control group was treated with a simulated agent of spleen aminopeptide oral solution. Both the treatment group and the control group were treated with oral antihistamines and/or nasal glucocorticoids as needed during the pollen dispersal period. Evaluate the therapeutic effect by comparing the symptom scores, drug scores and quality of life scores of the two groups, and detect the expression levels of cytokines in serum. Symptom scores, quality of life scores, drug scores and laboratory results were compared by independent sample t test/Kruskal-Wallis test and χ 2 test/Fisher's exact test. Results: Compared with the control group, spleen aminopeptide treatment for 12 weeks significantly improved symptoms of nasal congestion [ M ( Q 1 , Q 3 ):2(1, 2) vs. 2(1, 3), H =6.308, P <0.05], nasal itching [ M ( Q 1 , Q 3 ):2(1, 2) vs. 2(1, 3), H =4.966, P <0.05], sneezing [ M ( Q 1 , Q 3 ):2(1, 2) vs. 2(1, 3), H =5.245, P <0.05], runny nose [ M ( Q 1 , Q 3 ):2(1, 2) vs. 2(1, 3), H =5.41, P <0.05] and tearing [ M ( Q 1 , Q 3 ):1(0, 2) vs. 1(0, 3), H =4.664, P <0.05]. At 12 weeks of treatment, the scores of nasal symptoms and ocular symptoms in control group and experimental group were significantly increased compared with baseline ( P <0.05). In experimental group, nasal congestion [ M ( Q 1 , Q 3 ):1(0, 1) vs. 1(0, 2), H =4.042, P <0.05], eye itching/foreign body sensation/redness symptom scores [ M ( Q 1 , Q 3 ):1(0, 2) vs. 1(0, 2), H =5.302, P <0.05] and total scores [ M ( Q 1 , Q 3 ):4(-1, 9) vs. 5(0, 12.5), H =3.958, P <0.05] were significantly increased. The antihistamine drug score of the splenic peptide treatment group at 6 weeks were lower than that of the control group ( H =4.232, P <0.05). After 12 weeks of treatment, the antihistamine drug score [ M ( Q 1 , Q 3 ):10(0, 24) vs. 19(2, 36.5), H =6.67, P <0.05] and the total drug score [ M ( Q 1 , Q 3 ):28.5(5, 77.5) vs. 46(6, 155.5), H =3.995, P <0.05] were significantly lower than those of the control group. The serum IL-17A levels of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group after 6 weeks (0.7±1.77 vs. 0.85±1.67 ,H =10.08, P <0.05) and 12 weeks (0.81±1.63 vs. 0.94±1.73, H =5.196, P <0.05) of splenic aminopeptide treatment. Conclusions: Early treatment with spleen aminopeptide oral solution can significantly improve nasal and ocular symptoms of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis, reduce the use of drugs during the onset period, and improve the quality of life. It may exert an immunomodulatory effect by reducing the expression level of IL-17A in the serum of patients. Objects: To conduct a study on the prevention and treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, evaluate the preventive and therapeutic effects of spleen aminopeptide oral solution on seasonal allergic rhinitis, and explore its related mechanisms.

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) among cases presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI) in Shenzhen City from 2019 to 2023. Methods: Respiratory specimens were collected from two national sentinel hospitals in Shenzhen from March 2019 to December 2023, specifically targeting cases of ILI. The real-time PCR method was used for the detection and genotyping of HRSV. Basic demographic information was collected and used for the epidemiological analysis. Results: A total of 9 278 respiratory specimens of influenza-like cases were collected and detected, with a total positive rate of 4.77% (443/9 278) for HRSV. In 2021 (8.48%, 167/1 970), the positive rate of HRSV was significantly higher than in 2019 (3.35%, 52/1 552), 2022 (1.80%, 39/2 169), and 2023 (4.49%, 133/2 960), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2 =102.395, P <0.001). The prevalence of HRSV was mainly in summer and early autumn (September), and there was an abnormal increase in the positive rate of HRSV in winter 2022. The highest positive rate of HRSV was in children under five years old (9.84%, 330/335). The typing results showed that in 2022, the prevalence of HRSV-A was predominant (71.79%, 28/39), and in 2023, HRSV-A and HRSV-B subtypes coexisted. Conclusions: The prevalence of HRSV in Shenzhen from 2019 to 2023 has obvious seasonality, mainly in summer and early autumn. Children under five years old are the main population of HRSV infections.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of oral testosterone therapy in individuals diagnosed with androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). Methods: A self-controlled study design was utilized, focusing on individuals with AIS who were genetically diagnosed at the Department of Endocrinology, Genetics, and Metabolism of Beijing Children's Hospital between 2009 and 2021. These patients underwent treatment involving the administration of testosterone. The primary observed indexes include the measurement of penis length, which should meet the minimal surgical standard (penis length≥2.5 cm) or greater than or equal to -2.5 s (lower limit of normal). Secondary observed indexes include penile length standard deviation score (PL-SDS), an increase in penis longitude (ΔPL), medication dosage, the course of therapy, and safety indicators, among others. There were 4 courses of treatment. After each course, patients were evaluated to determine whether termination of treatment was appropriate. Patients who exhibited inadequate post-treatment penile length growth were advised to continue with further treatment. The statistical methodology included t -test, and a Wilcoxon rank sum test to describe efficacy and safety. The patients were followed up until 2023. Results: The study comprised a total of 51 individuals with AIS, comprising 33 males and 18 females (gender of registered permanent residence). Among these patients, 10 were diagnosed with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) and 41 were diagnosed with partial androgen insensitive syndrome (PAIS). There were 2 children with CAIS were diagnosed by doctors and prescribed testosterone undecanoate, but the children did not really take medicine.The penile length of CAIS patients could not be measured (penile length<0.5 cm) before and after treatment. For PAIS patients, baseline penile length and PL-SDS were (2.3±0.6) cm and -3.7±1.3, respectively. The measurements for penile length and PL-SDS after each treatment course were recorded as follows: (2.7±0.8), (2.8±0.6), (2.6±0.4), (2.6±0.4) cm and -2.8±1.6, 2.5±1.6, 2.9±1.2, -3.2±0.9, respectively. Both penile length and PL-SDS interventions showed statistically significant gains when compared to the baseline performance of the 4 courses ( t =4.05、3.56、2.55、2.23 and 3.88、3.50、2.50、2.19, all P <0.05). Before treatment, 13 PAIS patients (32%) reached 2.5 cm and seven (17%) reached greater than or equal to -2.5 s . Following the initial, subsequent, third, and fourth therapeutic interventions, 18 cases (44%), 24 cases (59%), 25 cases (61%), and 26 cases (63%) reached 2.5 cm, respectively. Additionally, A total of 12 cases (29%), 15 cases (37%), 20 cases (49%), and 21 cases (51%), respectively, were found to reach greater than or equal to -2.5 s . The study involved the longitudinal monitoring of patients with the highest recorded age being 13.7 years. The weight, height, body mass index, bone age/age, cholesterol, hemoglobin and so on were all within the normal range and the difference were not statistically significant (all P >0.05). All 49 patients were no abnormalities in blood electrolyte, liver and kidney function and thyroid function and no changes in precocious puberty, pubic hair growth, aggressive behavior, vulvar skin darkening, diarrhea or other conditions. Conclusions: Testosterone undecanote in children with CAIS was no effective. The initial course of treatment for patients with PAIS demonstrates observable enhancements in penile length and PL-SDS. For patients with inadequate penile length growth, continued treatment in subsequent courses (such as the second, third, and fourth courses) is recommended toenhance outcomes gradually. Testosterone undecanoate was safe and effective for the majority of individuals with PAIS patients, with few adverse effects and good treatment tolerance.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of CD30 antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) brentuximab vedotin (BV) combined with chemotherapy in children with refractory or relapsed classic Hodgkin's lymphoma (R/R cHL). Methods: Clinical data (including age, gender, B symptoms, clinical stage, previous treatment, etc.) of the 10 R/R cHL children diagnosed and treated at Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from October 2021 to August 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the different intensity of chemotherapy drugs, the dose of BV applied in the same course of treatment was 1.8 mg/kg for BV applied once every 3 weeks, and 1.2 mg/kg for BV applied once every 2 weeks. All 10 patients received at least 2 cycles of BV combined with chemotherapy and were evaluated every 2 cycles. The patients were followed up until May 31, 2024. The infusion reactions and adverse reactions after treatment were recorded. Results: In all 10 patients, there were 7 males and 3 females, the age ranged from 5.3-16.9 years, and there were 6 cases of refractory and 4 cases of relapsed. There were 6 cases of nodular sclerosis type, 2 cases of mixed cell type, 1 case of lymphocyte-rich type, and 1 case of lymphodepletion type. There were 5 cases of stage Ⅳ and 5 cases of stage Ⅲ. Previous treatment was mainly chemotherapy, 4 cases received radiotherapy and 1 case received programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody therapy. The follow-up time ranged from 9 to 27 months. A total of 43 courses with 49 doses of BV alone or combined with chemotherapy were recorded, and the number of courses was 2 to 10 times. All 10 children responded to the treatment, and 9 achieved complete remission. BV infusion was successfully completed in all cases. A total of 28 cases of grade 3 or above adverse events were recorded, mainly myelosuppression, all of which were related to chemotherapy and did not affect sequential treatment. Conclusion: Brentuximab vedotin has demonstrated efficacy and a tolerable safety profile in the treatment of refractory and relapsed CD30-positive Hodgkin's lymphoma in children.

Objective: To analyze the risk factors of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and its impact on survival., Methods: The clinical data of 347 patients who underwent their first allo-HSCT in our hospital from January 2014 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into EBV ( n =114) and Non-EBV ( n =233) groups according to whether they were infected with EBV. The incidence of EBV infection after allo-HSCT was calculated, and the risk factors of EBV infection were analyzed., Results: A total of 114(32.8%) patients presented EBV infection (all peripheral blood EBV-DNA were positive). EBV infection occurred in 88 patients within 100 days after transplantation, which accounted for 77.2% of all patients with EBV infection. 5 cases (1.44%) were confirmed as post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD). The median onset time of patients was 57(7-486) days after transplantation. Multivariate analysis showed that the use of ATG/ATG-F, occurrence of CMV viremia, and grade III-IV aGVHD were risk factors for EBV infection. Furthermore, compared to BUCY, the use of intensified preconditioning regimens containing FA/CA was significantly increased the risk of EBV infection., Conclusion: EBV infection is a common complication after allo-HSCT. Intensified preconditioning regimens, use of ATG/ATG-F, CMV viremia and grade III to IV aGVHD increase the risk of EBV infection after allo-HSCT.

Objective: To explore the levels of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and cytokines IL-35, TGF-β and IL-10 in peripheral blood of hemophilia A(HA) patients with FⅧ inhibitor and their clinical significance., Methods: 43 HA patients admitted to the Hematology Department of the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology from October 2019 to December 2020 were selected, including 6 cases with FⅧ inhibitor and 37 cases without FⅧ inhibitor. In addition, 20 healthy males who underwent physical examinations were selected as healthy controls. Flow cytometry was used to detect the levels of CD4 + CD25 + CD127 - Tregs in peripheral blood of the HA patients and healthy controls, and ELISA assay was used to detect the expression levels of IL-35, TGF-β and IL-10 in serum, and their differences between different groups were compared., Results: Compared with the healthy control group, the level of Tregs in HA patients was decreased, and the level of Tregs in the FⅧ inhibitor positive group was the lowest, the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression level of Tregs in HA patients of different severity levels. The serum IL-35, TGF-β, and IL-10 levels in both FⅧ inhibitor negative and positive groups were significantly lower than those in healthy control group, and those in FⅧ inhibitor positive group were significantly lower than those in FⅧ inhibitor negative group (all P <0.05)., Conclusion: The decrease of Tregs, IL-35, TGF-β, and IL-10 levels in HA patients may be related to the formation of FⅧ inhibitors.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of a segmented perforator flap of free peroneal artery to repair a complex defect after oral cancer. Methods: Forty-eight patients with oral cancer admitted to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College from January 2018 to January 2022, including 8 of buccal cancer, 7 of floor cancer, 14 of tongue cancer, 5 of retromolar cancet, 9 of maxillary gingival cancer and 5 of mandibular gingival cancer. After lesion resection, 24 patients in the experimental group used the partial perforator flap to repair the defect, and 24 patients in the control group used the single flap to repair the defect. Compared with the general data of the two groups, the difference was not statistically significant（ P >0.05）, which was comparable. The flap cutting range of the experimental group was 38.5-74.5 cm², and tension-reduced suture for the donor area. In the control group, the myocutaneous flap incision range was 61.0-76.5 cm², and skin graft suture for the donor area. Flap survival and patient survival were recorded and compared. The patients were followed up at 6 and 12 months after surgery, and their swallowing function and speech function, including the drinking water test, functional oral food intake scale and the Chinese language clarity test word table, were evaluated respectively, and their subjective satisfaction with the repair appearance was recorded. Patients in both groups were followed up for 12 to 60 months. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the cumulative survival rate of patients, and survival curves were plotted. log-rank test was used to compare the survival curves between groups. Results: The survival rate of the two groups was 100%. The 5-year survival rate was 62.5% in the experimental group and 54.2% in the control group. There was no significant difference between the two groups （ P >0.05）. According to the results of the functional recovery evaluation, the groups in swallowing and speech function and subjective satisfaction（ P >0.05）, and at 12 months after surgery（ P <0.05）. Conclusion: The segmented perforator flap of free peroneal artery is flexible and can repair different anatomical structures of postoperative composite defect of oral cancer, which can effectively improve postoperative functional recovery and patient satisfaction. Therefore, the peroneal artery segmented perforator flap is the ideal flap for reconstructing postoperative composite defect of oral cancer., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Objective: To compare the efficacy of endoscopic sinus surgery and conservative treatment for orbital apex syndrome caused by sinus lesions. Methods: The clinical data of 56 patients with orbital apex syndrome caused by sinus lesions who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2018 to August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into a surgical group of 21 cases and a conservative group of 35 cases. The clinical features and prognosis of the two groups were compared. Results: Among the sinus lesions in the surgical group, 61.9% were fungal sinusitis, 28.6% were bacterial sinusitis, and 9.5% were sphenoid sinus tumors. In the conservative group, non-fungal sinusitis accounted for 65.7% and fungal sinusitis accounted for 34.3%. In addition to sinus lesions, patients had underlying diseases. In the surgical group, 71.4% had hypertension and 80.9% had diabetes; in the conservative group, 28.6% had hypertension and 42.9% had diabetes. After a follow-up of 1 month to 5 years, the symptom improvement rate in the surgical group was 85.7%, with 1 case of recurrence. No recurrence was found after reoperation, while the symptom improvement rate in the conservative group was 22.9%, and 6 cases recurred after symptom improvement, and were transferred to rhinology department. No recurrence was seen after surgery. Conclusion: Most of the sinus lesions in this study were fungal sinusitis. In addition, patients with underlying diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, nephrotic syndrome, etc. have reduced nasal immunity, which significantly increases the risk of disease. Since early nasal symptoms are not obvious, multidisciplinary cooperation in diagnosis and treatment is very necessary. Once imaging examination suggests orbital apex syndrome caused by sinus lesions, endoscopic sinus opening should be performed as soon as possible., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (TOLF) is a pathological heterotopic ossification disease in which the fibrous tissue of the ligamentum flavum of the thoracic spine converts into bony tissue, often leading to thoracic spinal stenosis and compression of the thoracic spinal cord nerve. When TOLF patients present with symptoms of spinal cord nerve compression, surgical treatment is usually required, and traditional open surgery is more invasive and carries a higher risk of spinal cord nerve injury. In recent years, domestic and foreign researchers have tried to apply spinal endoscopic techniques such as microendoscopy, percutaneous foraminoscopy, and unilateral biportal endoscopy for the treatment of TOLF, which can maximize the preservation of normal bone while achieving adequate decompression of the spinal cord nerve, with less damage to spinal stability, and have the advantages of less surgical trauma, less bleeding, and faster postoperative recovery. Due to the special anatomical structure of the thoracic vertebra, spinal endoscopic techniques should focus on safety and it is recommended that they are performed in experienced centers, and surgical indications should be strictly controlled.

Objective: To analyze the mid-term efficacy of the China Net Childhood Lymphoma mature B-cell lymphoma 2017 (CNCL-B-NHL-2017) regimen in treating children with high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL). Methods: Clinical and pathological data of HGBL children aged≤18 years admitted to 16 hospitals of the Chinese Children's Lymphoma Collaborative Group (CNCL) from May 2017 to April 2021 were collected retrospectively. They were divided in to high-grade B-cell lymphoma with double hit/triple hit (HGBL-DH/TH) group and high-grade B-cell lymphoma non-specified (HGBL-NOS) group, according to the 2016 version of the World Health Organization (WHO) Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues Cancer Classification. Both groups of patients were treated with stratified chemotherapy by risk according to the CNCL-B-NHL-2017 scheme. The deadline for follow-up was December 31, 2023. All the patients were examined by chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and the rearrangement of genes MYC, BCL-2 and BCL-6 was confirmed. The clinical and pathological characteristics of patients at disease onset were analyzed, and the therapeutic effects of patients in different clinical stages and risk groups were compared. Survival analysis was drawn by Kaplan Meier method, the log-rank test was used to compare the differences in the cumulative survival rate between different groups, and multivariate Cox regression model was used to identify the prognostic factors. Results: A total of 62 patients were included, with an onset age [ M ( Q 1 , Q 3 )] of 7 (4, 11) years, including 48 males and 14 females. There were 11 (17.7%) patients in stageⅡ, 33(53.2%)patients in stage Ⅲ and 18(29.1%)patients in stage Ⅳ. FISH testing showed that 4 cases (6.5%) were HGBL-DH and 3 (4.8%) were HGBL-TH. The remaining 55 cases (88.7%) were HGBL-NOS, with 18 cases accompanied by MYC rearrangement. There were 7 cases in the HGBL-DH/TH group and 55 cases in the HGBL-NOS group. Thirteen cases (20.9%) were treated with the B1 regimen, 3 cases (4.8%) with B2 regimen, 37 cases (59.6%) with C1 regimen, and 9 cases (14.7%) with the C2 regimen. Forty-eight cases (77.4%) received rituximab therapy at the same time. Five cases (8.0%) progressed during treatment. The follow-up time [ M ( Q 1 , Q 3 )] was 43.5 (36.1, 53.7) months. The complete remission rate was 91.9% (57/62). The 3 year overall survival rate was 93.5% and event-free survival (EFS) rate was 91.9%. The 3-year overall survival rate in the HGBL-NOS group was higher than that in the HGBL-DH/TH group (96.3% vs 71.4%, P =0.011). The 3-year EFS rate of the HGBL-NOS group was higher than that of the HGBL-DH/TH group (94.5% vs 71.4%, P =0.037). In the HGBL-NOS subgroup, the overall survival rate of children with MYC rearrangement was lower (100% vs 88.9%, P =0.039). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that central invasion ( HR =6.05, 95% CI : 1.96-38.13, P =0.046) was a risk factor for overall survival. Conclusion: CNCL-B-NHL-2017 regimen shows significant effects in the treatment of pediatric HGBL, with a good prognosis.

The study of TCM manipulation's mechanism is the key scientific issue in the current manipulation research. It is the key and difficult point on the road of modernization and internationalization of Chinese orthopedics and traumatology. Meanwhile, it is also an important way to clarify systematically the scientific connotation of TCM manipulation. At present, our country is in an important period when multi-disciplinary intersection lead knowledge production, scientific innovation, and discipline development. The trend of cross-innovation between Chinese orthopedics and traumatology and other disciplines provides the carrier and method for the study of TCM manipulation's mechanism. Cervical spondylosis is the traditional dominant disease of Chinese orthopedics and traumatology. In recent years, many scholars have applied multi-disciplinary techniques and theories to explore the mechanism of TCM manipulation by focusing on the four dimensions of muscle, bone, blood vessel and nerve. The article takes the treatment of cervical spondylosis by TCM manipulation as the research entry point, and integrates the application status and implementation strategies of various techniques and theories under the background of multi-disciplinary intersection, which is conducive to the better combination, innovation and transformation of Chinese orthopedics and traumatology with other disciplines, and provides ideas and references for systematically clarifying the scientific connotation of TCM manipulation.

Objective: To screen the differentially expressed genes of lung metastasis of osteosarcoma by bioinformatics, and explore their functions and regulatory networks., Methods: The data set of GSE14359 was screened from GEO database(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gds) and the differentially expressed gene(DEG) was identified using GEO2R online tool. Download osteosarcoma disease related miRNAs from the online HMMD database(http://www.cuilab.cn/hmdd) and then FunRich software was used to predict the target gene, intersects with DEG to obtains the target gene. The miRNA-mRNA relationship pairs were formed according to the targeted joints, then the data was imported into Cytoscape for visualization, DAVID was used to performe GO and KEGG analysis on target genes, STRING was used to construct PPI network, Cytoscape visualization, CytoHubba plug-in screening central genes and online website for expression and survival analysis., Results: Total 704 DEGs were identified, consisting of 477 up-regulated genes and 227 down regulated genes. FunRich predicted 7 888 mRNAs and 343 target genes were obtained through intersection of the two. KEGG analysis showed that it was mainly involved in focal adhesion, ECM receptor interaction, TNF signal pathway, PI3K-Akt signal pathway, IL-17 signal pathway and MAPK signal pathway. Ten central genes (CCNB1, CHEK1, AURKA, DTL, RRM2, MELK, CEP55, FEN1, KPNA2, TYMS) were identified as potential key genes. Among them, CCNB1, DTL, MELK were highly correlated with poor prognosis., Conclusion: The key genes and functional pathways identified in this study may be helpful to understand the molecular mechanism of the occurrence and progression of lung metastases from osteosarcoma, and provide potential therapeutic targets.