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Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP)-induced liver injury in rat model. Methods Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into three groups(10 in each ):shame operation group(SO group),severe acute pancreatitis group(SAP group) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid group(TUDCA group).The SAP model was established by retrogradely injecting 5% sodium taurocholate (STC) solution (1 mL/kg) into pancreaticobiliary duct. The TUDCA group rats were intraperi- toneally injected with TUDCA(400 mg/kg·d-1) for three days continuously fore establishing models and the SAP and SO group rats were intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of saline. Rats were sacrificed 12 hrs after modeling, and then peripheral blood and part of pancreatic and liver tissues were collected. The level of amylase(AMY), aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) was detected by automatic biochemical analyzer. The expression of interleukin-6(IL-6) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The histo-pathological profile of pancreas and liver was examined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining microscopy and liver apoptosis was observed by in situ terminal deoxynucleotide transferase labeling (TUNEL). The expression level of glucose-regulating protein 78 (GRP78), protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), nuclear factor-κB p65(NF-κB p65) and caspase-3 protein was determined by Western blot. Results Compared with SO group, the expression level of AMY,AST, ALT and IL-6 was increased in SAP group(P＜0.05); pancreas and liver necrosis and hepatocyte apoptosis were found to be more significant and the level of GRP78, PERK, CHOP, NF-κB p65 and caspase-3 protein increased (P＜0.05). Compared with SAP group, the expression of AMY, AST, ALT and IL-6 was reduced in TUDCA group and pancreas and liver necrosis and hepatocyte apoptosis were less severe. The level of GRP78, PERK, CHOP, NF-κB p65 and caspase-3 protein significantly decreased(P＜0.05). Conclusions TUDCA may have a protective mechanism to alleviate pancreatitis-induced severe and acute liver injury in rats by reducing the occurrence of endoplasmic reticulum stree(ERS), alleviating the inflammation and apoptosis as well as inhibiting PERK signaling pathway.

[Objective] The objective is to explore the spatial and temporal changes of soil erosion and its main controlling factors in the Longchuan River Basin, as well as to understand mastering the local soil and water, which is conducive to building an ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. [Methods] The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of soil erosion in the Longchuan River Basin during 2000 to 2020 were studied using the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) combined with GIS and RS technology. Additionally, the optimal parameters-based geographical detector (OPGD) model was used to quantify the influence and interaction of driving factors on the temporal and spatial dynamic changes of soil erosion in the Longchuan River Basin. [Results] (1) Soil erosion in the Longchuan River Basin was mainly slight and moderate erosion. In 2000, the proportion of slight and moderate erosion was 49.17%. In 2010, the total proportion was 50.29%; In 2020, the total proportion is 59.29%. There was little change in soil erosion from 2000 to 2010, but from 2010 to 2020, a total of 9.01% of areas experiencing soil erosion transitioned from moderate to slight or mild levels. (2) The results of the OPGD showed that the land use type had the strongest explanatory power for the temporal and spatial dynamic changes of soil erosion in the study area, with a q value was 0.18. The interaction between land use type and slope had the strongest explanatory power for soil erosion in Longchuan River Basin, with a q value reached 0.45. [Conclusion] Soil erosion in the Longchuan River Basin is mainly slight and mild, with an overall improving trend, but there are still areas with strong soil erosion. Land use type has the strongest impact on soil erosion in the basin, with woodlands and meadows being the most important types covering 67.02% of the total area in the study area. In the future, we should focus on regional changes in vegetation coverage, continue to promote ecological protection policies, and be alert to the risk of soil erosion in complex terrain areas.

Background With the gradual deepening of the comprehensive reform of community health services, the prevention and control of single diseases for the entire population in the community is also constantly being optimized, However, there is still a lack of appropriate evaluation methods in the community to reflect its prevention and control effectiveness evaluation. Objective By analyzing and exploring the cost effect of the existing whole-population prevention and control measures of osteoporosis in Fenglin community, from 2016 to 2022, this paper answers the initial results and possible problems of the whole-population prevention and control of single disease in the community. Methods This study conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis on 4 293 community residents who received osteoporosis prevention and treatment in Fenglin community from 2016 to 2022. Divide the research object into three states based on bone density values: healthy, low bone mass, and osteoporosis, and construct a Markov model to analyze the influencing factors of different state transitions. And based on the predicted values of the Markov model combined with quality adjusted life years (QALY) , the increment of quality adjusted life years (QALY) is calculated. All costs invested in prevention and control work from 2016 to 2022 are counted, and the effectiveness of prevention and control is evaluated by the cost/quality adjusted life year increment ratio. Quality adjusted life years (QALY) are obtained by calculating the health utility value and expected life determined through literature search. Results The total cost of osteoporosis prevention and treatment in Fenglin community was 33 814 102.15 yuan. The total quality-adjusted life years of 4 293 community osteoporosis prevention and treatment population were 77 098.288 9 at the first diagnosis, the average per capita was 17.959, and the standard deviation was 9.34. At the second diagnosis, the total quality-adjusted life years were 79 616.936 1, the mean per capita was 18.546, the standard deviation was 9.342, and the difference between the two diagnoses was 2 518.647 2. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) is 2 132.907 0 yuan /QALY, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) is less than 1 times (66 965.10 yuan) per capita GDP, indicating that the intervention scheme is fully cost-effective. Conclusion This study combined Markov model and quality-adjusted life years (QALY) to make a preliminary evaluation of the prevention and treatment effect of osteoporosis in Fenglin community. The results showed that the intervention program of osteoporosis prevention and treatment in Fenglin community was worth investing, and provided a certain basis for the accurate prevention and treatment decision of osteoporosis in the future.

Background Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) are main treatment methods for uremic patients. It remains an important content of clinical research on better developing treatment protocols to address overhydration (OH) in dialysis patients, and the effect of applying body composition monitor (BCM) on the prognosis of dialysis patients treated with different dialysis models is still controversial. Objective To explore the relationship between OH parameters of BCM and prognosis in patients treated with MHD and PD. Methods From October 2017 to March 2022, 334 patients on maintenance dialysis in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical Medical University, Beijing Boai Hospital, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing Changping District Hospital and Beijing Changping Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine were included as the study objects and divided into MHD group (n=188) and PD group (n=146) according to their renal replacement therapy mode. The general data of and BCM related parameters were collected through the electronic medical record system. Patients included in the study were followed up, dialysis treatment parameters, body weight, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were recorded, and the average of multiple follow-up results were calculated. Endpoint events were recorded during follow-up period, with the primary endpoint event as all-cause death (ACM), secondary endpoint events as cardiovascular events (CVE), combined adverse events (CAE), surgery or fracture (SOF). Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between endpoint events and BCM parameters, and stepwise multiple Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of secondary endpoint events in patients. The ACM survival curve was plotted by Kaplan-Meier method, and the difference of survival curve between the two groups was compared by Log-rank test. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of ACM. Results A total of 311 patients completed follow-up, with a median follow-up time of 29.9 (18.0, 36.0) months, including 176 patients in MHD group and 135 patients in PD group. Dialysis age, body weight, target body weight, adipose tissue content and adipose tissue index in MHD group were higher than those in PD group, and OH was lower than that in PD group (P

Objective To investigate the expression levels of nerve injury-induced protein 1 (Ninjl), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP-9.5) in the ectopic endometrial tissues of patients with endometriosis (EMT) and their relationship with dysmenorrhea. Methods Ectopic endometrial tissues from 40 patients with ovarian EMT diagnosed by post-ope-rative gynecological pathological examination in our hospital from April 2020 to April 2021 were selected as group A. In situ endo-metrial tissues from 20 of these patients were obtained as group B. Normal endometrial tissues from 20 patients with uterine fi-broids in the same period were collected as group C. Group A was divided into a dysmenorrhoea subgroup and a non-dysmenorrhoea subgroup according to the presence or absence of dysmenorrhoea, with 20 patients per subgroup. The expression levels of Ninj1, IL-1β, and PGP-9.5 in the endometrial tissues of groups A, B, and C were measured by immunohistochemistry, and their correlation was analyzed. The expression level of IL-1β in the peripheral blood of patiens in groups A and C was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The expression level of IL-1β in the peripheral blood of patients in group A was signifi-cantly higher than that in group C (t=-4.184,P

The existing deep learning based foreign object detection models for conveyor belts are relatively large and difficult to deploy on edge devices. There are errors and omissions in detecting foreign objects of different sizes and small objects. In order to solve the above problems, a foreign object detection method for coal mine conveyor belts based on improved YOLOv8 is proposed. The depthwise separable convolution, squeeze-and-excitation (SE) networks are used to reconstruct the Bottleneck of the C2f module in the YOLOv8 backbone network as a DSBlock, which improves the detection performance while keeping the model lightweight. To enhance the capability to obtain information from objects of different sizes, an efficient channel attention (ECA) mechanism is introduced. The input layer of ECA is subjected to adaptive average pooling and adaptive maximum pooling operations to obtain a cross channel interactive MECA module, which enhances the global visual information of the module and further improves the precision of foreign object recognition. The method modifies the 3 detection heads of YOLOv8 to 4 lightweight small object detection heads to enhance sensitivity to small objects and effectively reduce the missed and false detection rates of small object foreign objects. The experimental results show that the improved YOLOv8 achieves a precision of 91.69%, mAP@50 reached 92.27%, an increase of 3.09% and 4.07% respectively compared to YOLOv8. The detection speed of improved YOLOv8 reaches 73.92 frames/s, which can fully meet the demand for real-time detection of foreign objects on conveyor belts in coal mines. The improved YOLOv8 outperforms mainstream object detection algorithms such as SSD, Faster-RCNN, YOLOv5, and YOLOv7-tiny in terms of precision, mAP@50, number of parameters, weight size, and number of floating point operations.

Objective To analyze micronutrient levels in three types of female patients with diffuse hair loss. Methods The clinical data of 299 female patients with diffuse alopecia from January 2018 to June 2021 in the Department of Dermatology of Daping Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results The level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in patients with diffuse alopecia was significantly lower than that in the control group, and had no impact to the type of diffuse alopecia. The concentration of serum zinc in patients with diffuse alopecia areata was also significantly lower than that in the control group. When ferritin ≤50 ng/mol was taken as the threshold of iron deficiency and 25-hydroxyvitamin D≤20 ng/mol, as the indicator level of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency, the proportion of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and serum ferritin deficiency in all the three types of diffuse hair loss patients was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05). So, lack of iron and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D were belived to be related to the occurrence of diffuse alopecia of women. Conclusions Iron metabolism disorder and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level play a key role in female diffuse alopecia, while the effects of copper and zinc on hair growth and hair loss cycle are not well identified yet.

The L-band digital aeronautical communication system (LDACS) is one of the essential infrastructures for future aviation broadband communication. To address the problem of interference from adjacent high-power distance measuring equipment (DME) signals, a joint orthogonal projection interference suppression and single-snapshot sparse decomposition direction of arrival (DOA) estimation method is proposed. Firstly, the DME interference is suppressed by using the subspace projection, and then a pseudo-covariance matrix is constructed by using single-snapshot data. High-order power of the pseudo-covariance matrix is calculated, followed by singular value decomposition and sparse solution obtained using constraints to estimate the desired target. The proposed method in this paper reduces the impact of noise by utilizing high-order pseudo-covariance matrix, enabling accurate estimation of the DOA of OFDM signals with only a single snapshot. Simulation results show that the estimation accuracy by using ISS-HOP-L1-SVD algorithm is better than that via ISS-HOP-MUSIC algorithm. This method can effectively suppress DME interference and improve the performance of the OFDM receiver.

In the context of the “dual carbon” strategy， this paper addresses the optimization of wind-solar-energy storage capacity configuration in microgrids by proposing a dual-layer optimization model. With the overarching objective of maximizing net profit throughout the microgrid's planned lifecycle and considerations related to constraints on carbon emission quotas and transformer capacity on the source side， the model aims to reduce electricity purchasing of main grid and lower the overall carbon footprint of the system. On the load side， demand response is introduced， and users are guided to modify their electricity consumption patterns under time-of-use pricing， leading to an optimized load curve and improved economic efficiency for the microgrid. The dual-layer optimization model is solved using LINGO， a nonlinear programming tool. Through case studies， the planning outcomes considering different proportions of transferable and unloadable loads， as well as varying constraints on carbon emission quotas and transformer capacities. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.

Background Experiential effective prescription optimized Kuijie decoction can effectively improve the quality of life of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), promote the intestinal mucosal healing and clinical remission, but its mechanism remains unclear now. Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of optimized Kuijie decoction in UC rats with TCM syndrome differentiation of Qi stagnation and blood stasis. Methods From September to October 2023, 70 SPF-grade male SD rats were randomly divided into the blank-control, model, salicylazosulfapyridine, low-dose, standard-dose, Qi-enhancing and Blood-activating groups, with 10 rats in each group. UC model with TCM syndrome differentiation of Qi stagnation and blood stasis was established by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) /ethanol secondary inflammation combined with restraint method. Rats in the blank-control group were enucleated with 0.9% sodium chloride solution at the time of modeling and were grasped and fixed synchronously with the rats in the other groups, and were given an equal volume of water by gavage once per day after the establishing for 14 days; rats in the model group were given an equal volume of water by gavage once per day after the establishing for 14 days; rats in the salicylazosulfapyridine, low-dose, standard-dose, Qi-enhancing and Blood-activating groups were given intragastric administration with salicylazosulfapyridine suspension (0.54 g/kg), low-dose optimized Kuijie decoction (0.837 g/kg), standard-dose optimized Kuijie decoction (1.674 g/kg), Astragalus suspension (1.8 g/kg) and Safflower suspension (0.9 g/kg) once per day after the establishing for 14 days, respectively. High-precision transmission electron microscope was used to observe the ultrastructural changes in the colonic tissues of the seven groups of rats after intervention, the expression levels of CXCR4, VEGFA, and TAK1 were compared among the seven groups of rats after intervention. Results The ultrastructure of colonic tissue of rats in the low-dose and standard-dose groups tended to be normal after intervention. The gray ratios of proteins and relative mRNA expression quality of CXCR4, VEGFA and TAK1 in colonic tissues of rats in the model group were higher than the blank-control after intervention (P

The efficiency of the underground drainage system in coal mines directly affects the production safety and economic benefits of coal mines. The existing multi-level relay drainage system in mines does not fully consider the peak and valley features of electricity bills and the safety constraints of the drainage system required by the Coal Mine Water Prevention and Control Regulations. It is difficult to achieve integrated safe and economic operation of the entire system. In order to solve the above problems, based on the avoiding peaks and filling valley strategy and dynamic programming method, an optimization strategy for multi-level relay drainage system in mines under the time of use electricity price is proposed. By considering the multi-level series structure, water inflow, and drainage capacity of water pumps, a mathematical model of a multi-level relay drainage system in coal mines is established. Based on the strategy of avoiding peaks and filling valleys, with the lowest electricity cost as the objective function and constraints such as water level in water tanks, drainage capacity of water pumps, and coal mine safety requirements, a multi-level relay drainage system optimization problem based on time of use electricity price is constructed. The solution algorithm based on dynamic programming method is provided. Taking the 4-level drainage system of a certain mine as an example for simulation analysis, the results show that this strategy can effectively control the underground water level and ensure that the water level is at a reasonable height. When the electricity price is high, the number of drainage pumps opened is very small or zero, and the water tank is in a high water level state. When the electricity price is low, the number of drainage pumps opened is larger, and the water tank is in a low water level state. This strategy can improve economic benefits while ensuring the production efficiency and safety of coal mines.

In order to solve the problem that the selection of key process parameters of a flexible soldering robot depends on manual experience, the empirical model of its THT assembly process parameters is established with the response surface method and the reliability of the model is verified. On this basis, the multi-parameter relative sensitivity of the key process parameters is analyzed through the Monte-Carlo simulation, and their single-parameter sensitivity curve is drawn. Then, based on the sensitivity analysis, the stability region division method is designed, and the stability region of process parameters for soldering quality comprehensive score is obtained. The optimal region of process parameters of the soldering robot are acquired by compressing the stability region: soldering temperature from 350-368 ℃, soldering time from 1.31-1.48 s and solder feeding volume from 1.5-2.0 mm3. The average value of the soldering quality comprehensive score within the optimal region of process parameters is 90.2 points.

[Objective] The contradiction between population shrinkage and construction land expansion is common in shrinking small and medium-sized cities. Analyzing the dynamic characteristics of construction land supply is an important basis for understanding the mechanism of change. [Methods] Using data from www.landchina.com, this study employed the propensity score matching model to choose control cities, and analyzed the dynamic characteristics of construction land supply in 71 shrinking small and medium-sized cities (that is, inter-group differences). Then, based on panel clustering analysis, this study explored the differential characteristics of construction land supply within these shrinking small and medium-sized cities (that is, intra-group differences). Finally, this study used Logistic regression to analyze the potential factors contributing to inter-group and intra-group differences. [Results] (1) The construction land supply of shrinking small and medium-sized cities has the following outstanding characteristics compared with the control cities: a decreasing trend in the supply of construction land, a significant slowdown in price growth, an increasing trend of non-market-oriented supply, and a faster expansion of non-business and non-industrial land supply. Among them, the shrinking cities in Northeast China showed both the general land supply trends of shrinking cities, and regional characteristics of larger land supply scale generally at lower prices. (2) This study categorized the 71 shrinking small and medium-sized cities into three types: low-level supply cities, declining supply cities, and weak growth supply cities. Cities of the first type are mostly traditional agricultural cities, which had a lower level of construction land market development. Cities of the second type are mostly resource-based industrial decline cities, which had a declining construction land market. Cities of the third type mostly experience population outflow within a growing region, which had a stable construction land market but a risk of decline. (3) Demand factors such as population and industrial development are the main factors contributing to inter-group differences, while intra-group differences are mainly associated with government supply factors and the level of industrial development. [Conclusion] Shrinking small and medium-sized cities exhibit both common features and internal diversity and differences in construction land supply. While the construction land supply can be temporarily changed by local governments, it tends to return to the actual level determined by the development conditions over a longer period. Therefore, the population-land use growth paradox in these cities will be corrected to some extent. Based on the conclusion, this article also proposed some policy recommendations for the spatial planning and urban renewal of shrinking small and medium-sized cities.

Research on the risk of runway excursion events is mostly based on accident statistics. Analysis is rarely conducted from flight data and flight operation characteristics. Therefore，based on the QAR（quick access recorder）data，the risk analysis for runway excursion is performed. The QAR data is divided into three categories：flight status，operation instructions and information，so as to analyze the status of the aircraft in the three stages of takeoff run，landing and landing run. Through the operating characteristics reflected by the QAR data，combined with the SOP（standard operating procedures），the operations that exceed the normal data and do not conform to the standard operations can be deduced，and the risk factors affecting the normal flight are obtained. Based on the 2-4 model of behavior safety，the risk assessment index system of runway excursion can be established. Based on the causative mechanism of an accident，focusing on the analysis of operational characteristics and human factors，the risk prevention and control measures for overshoot runway excursion are proposed. The results show that，a risk im pact indicator system can be established from three dimensions：operation，data，and environment. This can reduce the impact of indicator factors on runway excursion events. Countermeasures and suggestions are proposed from the perspectives of personnel，aircraft，environment，and management，which can effectively reduce the probability of runway excursion events.

In order to adapt to the rapid development of green plant extract corrosion inhibitors, spinach extract (SPE) was selected as a corrosion inhibitor for Q235 steel in citric acid (CA) environment. SPE was extracted using a simple ethanol reflux method, and its main components, as well as their stability in CA, were confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The corrosion inhibition performance of SPE on Q235 steel in 0.5 mol/L CA solution was investigated using various methods including weight loss, dynamic potential polarization (PDP), linear polarization resistance (LPR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and contact angle measurements. Effects of temperature on the activation parameters (Ea, were studied by calculation. Results showed that chlorophyll was the main component of SPE, which exhibited good stability in a 0.5 mol/L CA solution. Furthermore, SPE significantly reduced the corrosion rate of Q235 steel in the 0.5 mol/L CA medium, acting as a mixed corrosion inhibitor for both cathodic and anodic reactions. With the increase of SPE concentration, both cathodic and anodic currents were reduced, active corrosion sites were blocked, the corrosion rate was decreased, and the corrosion inhibition efficiency was enhanced. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of Q235 steel obtained by weight loss method, PDP, LPR and EIS was more than 80% with 2.134 g/L of SPE concentration at 303 K. With the increase of system temperature, the corrosion inhibition efficiency of SPE on Q235 steel decreased, but the change was smaller. Compared to the blank system, the activation energy (Ea) of the system significantly increased after the addition of SPE. The effective components of SPE adsorped to the surface of Q235 steel in accordance with the Langmuir isotherm, predominantly through physical adsorption, and were characterized as monolayer adsorption. SPE exhibited good corrosion inhibition performance for Q235 steel in a 0.5 mol/L CA solution system, which was a green corrosion inhibitor with good application prospects in the pickling field. It could provide certain guidance for the development of plant extract-based corrosion inhibitors.

Freshly squeezed fruit and vegetable juice， freshly ground coffee， new tea and other freshly made beverages are very popular among consumers. However， due to the loose quality control of raw materials and non-standard processing operation， the risk of microbial contamination exists in the freshly made beverages. This paper summarizes the status of microbiological pollution in the present system beverage and the current situation of industry supervision， analyzes the causes of microbiological pollution in the process of the present system beverage， finds out the key control points and proposes the intervention measures， in order to promote the healthy development of the present system beverage industry.

The synchronous lifting process is a key technology for non-destructive salvage and smooth transfer of ancient ships and their internal cultural relics to the predetermined dock. This paper, starting with the principle of computer controlled hydraulic synchronous lifting technology, and taking the actual underwater synchronous lifting project of Sewol in South Korea as an example, demonstrates the feasibility of the technology transfer to the underwater cultural relic salvage project. In addition, it elaborates on the planning of the elevator arrangement, control actions, and system requirements for the integral salvage and relocation project of the ancient ship. Moreover, it introduces the construction implementation details of synchronous lifting equipment. The hydraulic lift follows vertical layout, and the hardware assembly involves the installation of steel strands, bottom anchors and brackets, hydraulic cylinders, control systems, and underwater pins. The success of the integral salvage of “Yangtze River Estuary II” ancient ship has demonstrated the efficiency of the large-scale oil cylinder computer control system in improving the safety and integrity of the salvaged object in marine sunken ships, opening up a new implementation path for the integral salvage and relocation of related ancient ships in the future.

Facing the three-dimensional, diverse, and complex underwater detection task, this paper proposed an unmanned surface vehicle-autonomous underwater vehicle (USV-AUV) cross-domain heterogeneous cooperative control strategy based on the leader-follower method. First, the control strategy takes into account the dynamic modeling error caused by factors such as unknown environmental disturbances, and designs a non-linear disturbance observer to estimate the influence. Then, the dynamic adaptive look-ahead distance is used to improve the LOS method, which can solve the formation control problem of underactuated vehicles. The USV-AUV formation control problem is rebuilt based on the cascaded system. The AUV following controller is designed through feedback linearization. Finally, the whole system is improved uniformly, globally, and asymptoticly stable by the Lyapunov theory. The USV-AUV lake test verifies the effectiveness of the formation control strategy.

The marine engineering industry is an internationalized sector, whose internationalization determines the intensity of competition. In the bidding process, it is crucial for company decision-makers to conduct accurate risk assessments, as this plays a vital role in the long-term development of the company. A high accuracy project risk assessment model is established after analyzing and identifying relevant risk factors in such projects based on quantifying qualitative problems using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and utilizing the high fault-tolerance and generalization capabilities of the back propagation (BP) neural network. Thus, the model provides an effective and efficient risk analysis tool for supporting enterprises in the marine engineering industry in the bidding decision-making process.

This paper introduces the design concept of the innovative barge “Endeavor” for the super-large moon pool project and its high-efficiency application in the integral salvage and migration project of “Yangtze River Estuary II” ancient ship. It also introduces the calculation of the lifting force of the ancient ship compared with the actual lifting weight. The successful application of barge “Endeavor” in the integral salvage and relocation project of “Yangtze River Estuary II” ancient ship provides technical reference for future salvage of ancient ships.

In this paper, a method for analyzing the dynamic characteristics of the sunken ship salvage system based on the accurate time history of the seabed resistance force is proposed. The simulation of a typical case preliminarily clarifies the complex interaction mode between the mother ship (a barge), the mooring line, and the lifting line in the lifting stage. It is found that the motion of the mother ship, especially the surge motion, has significantly increased in this stage. In order to better control the motion of the mother ship in the salvage process, the mooring arrangement of the salvage system is also optimized in this paper, and the mooring line arrangement configuration with better motion control effect is obtained.

In order to evaluate the safety of salvage operation, a numerical model of the coupling dynamic response characteristics of the “Yangtze River Estuary II” salvage system is established based on the three-dimensional potential flow theory and the Skempton formula. The model has been verified by actual measurement and is used in the safety analysis of the whole salvage process. The research results show that special attention needs to be paid to the motion response of the salvage system and the tension changes of the lifting and mooring lines in the two stages of bottom-off and partial water-out in the overall salvage process. With the increase of wave height and spectral peak period, the motion response of the salvage system and the extreme value of cable tension increase. The influence of wave direction on the six-degree-of-freedom movement of the system is more complicated, and the extreme value of the tension of the lifting cable increases significantly under the action of oblique waves. According to the calculation of the safety factor of the cable, when formulating a salvage plan, an appropriate lifting speed should be selected, and at the same time, salvage operations should be avoided in waves of 20°—70°.

Based on the time domain simulation of the dynamic response of the wreck salvage system in the off-bottom stage, this paper proposes a semi-quantitative safety assessment method for this process, aiming to summarize all motion modes of the salvaging mother ship and provide overall safety assessment scores of the wreck salvage system under different sea conditions. Based on the “Changjiang Kou 2” project, the sensitivity analysis of the system dynamic response under different wave direction angles is conducted. It is concluded that the two wave direction intervals (150°, 210°) and (330°, 30°) are relatively ideal salvage operation windows.

The existing research on ventilation control for long-distance heading face is mostly limited to the frequency conversion of local ventilation fans themselves. There is few research on the on-demand wind supply direction for long-distance heading face. In order to solve the above problem, a design scheme for an intelligent regulation and control system for local ventilation in long-distance heading face is proposed. The system consists of an underground monitoring system, a ventilation anomaly control system, and a ground workstation. The underground monitoring system achieves early warning of abnormal working conditions of local ventilation fans, dynamic analysis of air leakage inside the air ducts, and dynamic prediction of actual supply and demand air volume by real-time monitoring of underground ventilation fans, air ducts, and working surfaces. The ventilation anomaly control system identifies underground abnormal ventilation parameters, develops risk collaborative disposal strategies for different parameters and levels, and displays the specific distribution of parameters such as gas concentration in the heading face in real-time. The ground workstation excavates the potential laws between the air flow status of the heading face and the parameters of the air duct, forming an air flow-air duct control model. Real time control of the air duct is achieved based on the distribution status of the air flow in the heading face. At the same time, the workstation establishes a variable frequency predictive air regulation model that matches the theoretical air supply, actual air supply, and actual air demand. Based on the variable frequency air regulation model and real-time ventilation parameters, the operating frequency of the fan is determined. The on-demand air supply is achieved through intelligent variable frequency of the fan. In abnormal ventilation situations, based on the prediction of gas emission and the limit capacity of air venting gas, supplemented by drilling gas extraction to control the concentration of gas in the working face, the ventilation safety guarantee for the long-distance heading face is achieved. Taking the 23303 heading face of Zhuanlongwan Coal Mine as an example, numerical simulation of air flow is conducted to study the distribution status of air flow in the face. It provides a basis for adjusting the layout of wind speed sensors in the heading face. The paper proposes two different ventilation linkage control methods, namely variable frequency wind regulation under normal conditions and regulating exhaust air under abnormal conditions. The operating frequency of the fan is determined through supply and demand matching analysis under normal conditions to achieve intelligent variable frequency air regulation of the fan. In case of abnormal ventilation, four regulation and exhaust rules are adopted to ensure the ventilation safety of long-distance heading faces, while achieving the effect of energy conservation and emission reduction. A comprehensive evaluation system for the health indicators of the local ventilation system has been constructed. Through a comprehensive evaluation model and health index, real-time health 'physical examination' of the local ventilation system is achieved, and the risk levels of different indicators are quantitatively displayed to ensure that the local ventilation system is in a healthy state.

In this work, a non-targeted metabolomic study was performed on the ultrafine whole pulp of Lactobacillus-fermented Chimonobambusa quadrangularis shoot using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). Based on the variable importance in projection (VIP) > 1 and P < 0.05 in t-test, 361, 392 and 398 differential metabolites were selected in raw (control) versus Limosilactobacillus reuteri (LR) fermented samples, control versus Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) fermented samples, and control and LR + LP (LRP) fermented samples in the positive ion mode; and 268, 304 and 321 differential metabolites in the negative ion mode, respectively. The major differential metabolites were lipids and lipid-like compounds, organic acids and their derivatives, organic heterocyclic compounds, and benzenes including histamine, D-mannan, indole-3-lactic acid, DL-4-hydroxyphenyl lactate, ornithine, and proline. Four significant metabolic pathways were identified by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes metabolic pathway enrichment analysis, namely purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism and citric acid cycle. This study provides theoretical support for the development of fermented bamboo shoot products.

The functional reconstruction of large maxillofacial defects is a major issue in oral and maxillofacial surgery, and autologous bone transplantation is the main method. However, bone is readily absorbed following an autologous bone transplant. Even with vascular anastomosis, spontaneous osteoporosis of transplanted bone is still serious, which affects dental implantation and functional recovery. Therefore, osteoporosis of the grafted bone has become one of the main complications of jaw reconstruction, and there is no preventive measure. The problem that autologous bone with sufficient blood supply cannot avoid osteoporosis suggests that systemic factors such as nerves, which have been neglected in traditional methods, may regulate the internal environment of the transplanted bone. Based on previous studies on the regulation of mesenchymal stem cells by the neural microenvironment, we initiated a new surgical procedure for innervated and vascularized iliac bone flaps based on animal model and cadaver studies. In the innervated and vascularized iliac bone flap, vascular microanastomosis was performed in conjunction with microneuronal anastomosis between the simultaneously harvested ilioinguinal nerve (which innervates the iliac bone and is usually sacrificed and neglected in the conventional vascularized iliac bone flap) and the inferior alveolar nerve proximally and with the mental nerve distally. By conducting clinical retrospective studies and prospective randomized controlled trials, we proved that the novel method of simultaneous innervated iliac bone transplantation can not only prevent bone resorption but also restore the sensation of adjacent soft tissues such as the lip. This may solve the key problems of sensory loss and osteoporosis after mandibular reconstruction, ensure the success of dental implant dentures, and put forward the new concept of "blood supply + innervation" bi-system bone transplantation.

In this study, headspace-solid-phase microextraction extraction combined with gas chromatography-orbitrap-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-Orbitrap-MS) was used to establish a method for the simultaneous determination of five aldehydes and ketones and four furans in fruit wines. The method was validated on model wine, goji berry wine, blueberry wine and hawthorn wine. The limits of detection (LODs) for all target compounds ranged from 0.004 to 6.300 μg/L, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) were between 0.01 and 21.00 μg/L. The recoveries of all analytes in spiked wine samples were between 81% and 120% and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) for precision were equal to or less than 19.08%. This method is accurate and can meet the requirements for the quantification of aldehydes, ketones and furans in fruit wines.

Starting from the analysis of the distribution of objects in distress and the probability of ideal discovery, the correction factors affecting aerial search, the width of the scan and the searchable range are comprehensively interpreted, and the actual discovery probability, success probability, inclusive probability and cumulative success probability are comprehensively sorted out. It provides effective means and support for the determination of the scope of search and rescue in aviation search and rescue operations and the analysis of the probability of successful search.

ObjectiveTo construct an evaluation index system for the development of district-level disease prevention and control centers according to the requirements of the modernization of Shanghai’s disease control system and public health work practices， and to comprehensively assess the construction and development of district-level disease prevention and control institutions.MethodsAccording to the national and municipal requirements for the development of disease prevention and control institutions， an index framework was proposed through literature search and expert interviews. 39 representative experts in the field of public health at the national， provincial， and municipal （district） levels were selected to participate in the consultation and construction of the index system. The authority coefficient， the coefficient of variation， etc. were used to carry out quality control and determination of each index on the Delphi method.ResultsThe questionnaire response rate was 100%， the expert authority coefficient was 0.86，the degree of familiarity was 0.79， and the judgment basis was 0.92. The coefficients of variation of the necessary indicators in the index system were all

The shipping industry, which undertakes over 90% of global trade and transportation, has rich digital scenarios. Empowering the shipping industry through smart port construction and integrating ports with virtual–real integration to form a smart port digital base has become an industry consensus. This study defines the smart ports and the virtual – real integration technology system, and analyzes the demand of port operation for virtual – reality integration technology from five aspects: operation planning, activity implementation, equipment operation and maintenance, safety and emergency response, and energy conservation. It also summarizes maps of six virtual – real integration technologies and their application scenarios in smart ports, the technologies being system simulation, extended reality, information-physical system, digital twin, parallel system, and metaverse. After sorting out the development idea and examining scientific issues, a system framework is proposed for the high-quality development of smart ports driven by virtual–real integration technologies, covering the development positioning of technology systems, key technology development directions, and research directions in key fields. Suggestions for development are proposed from the perspectives of deepening application, policy incentives, technological demonstration, and talent cultivation, thereby providing a reference for the engineering application of the virtual–real integration technology system in smart ports.

[Purpose/Significance] Think tank reports are professional analysis and policy recommendations provided by independent research institutions, which provide decision support and an important tool for policy makers and the public to promote social progress. The purpose of think tank report summary is to provide readers with a concise and clear overview, so that they can quickly understand the main content and conclusion of the report, so as to improve the efficiency of information screening, dissemination effect and knowledge transfer. At present, there are many differences in the think tank reports, which leads to inaccurate summaries. It is urgent to improve the existing text summarization methods. This paper focuses on the characteristics of think tank reports in the context of multi-topic text summarization technology. [Method/Process] Aiming at the problem that the existing models have poor effect on the summarization of think tank reports, not only the crawler technology was used to construct a think tank report dataset, but also a report summarization method was proposed using the "combined keywords" search method.. First, a keyword extraction algorithm was used to extract the keyword information in the original text. Second, a "combined keywords" search module based on cross-attention mechanism was used to improve the model's ability to capture the topic information in the text and help improve the accuracy of the summary generated by the model. Finally, in order to avoid excessive attention to keywords while ignoring the overall information of a think tank report, a contrastive learning training method was designed in the training process. [Results/Conclusions] The experimental results show that the Rouge-1, Rouge-2 and Rouge-L values of the think tank report summarization model reached 48.23, 32.55 and 42.50, respectively. The summarization model with the "combined keywords" search method proposed in this study can effectively solve the problem of inaccurate summarization caused by multi-topic texts, and the text summarization effect of the model in the field of think tank reports is better than other similar models. In addition, ablation experiments were used to prove the effectiveness of the "combined keywords" search module and contrastive learning training. There are still some shortcomings of this paper. For example, this study does not explore the location and frequency information of keywords. In addition, we will adjust the weight of keywords according to their position, frequency and importance in the text, and further expand the think tank report summary dataset.

Objective To screen the risk factors of intracranial infection in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) and establish a Nomogram model based on these risk factors. Methods A total of 130 patients with sTBI admitted to The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from January 2021 to June 2022 were enrolled. They were divided into a group with intracranial infection (n = 27) and a group without intracranial infection (n = 103) according to whether complicated with intracranial infection. To analyze the risk factors of intracranial infection in patients with sTBI by univariate and multivariate stepwise Logistic regression, and construct a Nomogram model based on the risk factors to draw receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve of this model and perform Hosmer⁃Lemeshow goodness of fit test. Results The proportion of diabetes (χ2 = 5.356, P = 0.021), open traumatic brain injury (χ2 = 4.248, P = 0.039), cerebrospinal fluid (CBF) leakage (adjusted χ2 = 4.731, P = 0.030), surgical treatment (χ2 = 8.284, P = 0.004), severe infection (adjusted χ2 = 6.479, P = 0.011), tracheal intubation (χ2 = 6.487, P = 0.011) and tracheotomy (χ2 = 4.072, P = 0.044) in intracranial infection group were higher than those in non ⁃ intracranial infection group. Logistic regression analysis showed diabetes (OR = 2.748, 95%CI: 1.417-8.654; P = 0.047), CBF leakage (OR = 4.483, 95%CI: 1.852-8.341; P = 0.031), surgical treatment (OR = 1.941, 95%CI: 1.483-8.842; P = 0.031) and severe infection (OR = 1.614, 95%CI: 1.113-5.682; P = 0.041) were risk factors for sTBI complicated with intracranial infection. The area under the curve (AUC) of ROC curve was 0.758 (95%CI: 0.641-0.875, P = 0.001), and the optimal cut⁃off value for predicting sTBI complicated with intracranial infection was 175. The calibration curve showed good consistency between the predicted probability and the actual probability, while the Hosmer⁃Lemeshow goodness of fit test showed no statistically significant difference (χ2 = 4.613, P = 4.412), indicating the Nomogram model has good differentiation, calibration and stability. Conclusions Diabetes, CBF leakage, surgical treatment and severe infection can increase the risk of sTBI complicated with intracranial infection. The Nomogram model can better predict the risk of sTBI complicated with intracranial infection.

Based on a literature review and policy analysis, this study investigates the evolution of China's railway investment and financing, planning, and development in the context of its market-oriented reform. The relationship between railway and multi-level spatial development is divided into specific periods. The features of different stages are summarized from the perspective of railway financing structure, route arrangement, station location, and their spatial effects. This study contributes to our understanding of the changing multi-level governance of railway development in China in the long run and the rationale of the pattern of high-speed rail network development in the country. With the establishment of China's market-oriented economy and its integration into economic globalization, the central and local governments have different interests and objectives in railway development, which have affected railway investment and financing structure, route arrangement, and station location, and finally resulted in different spatial effects of railway development. Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the relationship could be divided into four periods: i) railway services adapted to national economic and spatial development (1949-1978), ii) railway services lagged behind national economic and spatial development (1978-2004), iii) railway construction followed national economic and spatial development (2004-2013), and iv) railway construction led national economic and spatial development (2013-present). The main body of railway development, construction mode, and spatial effects were significantly varied across different periods. In the planned economy period, railway planning construction adapted to national strategic policies and social and economic needs. As China's institution of the market economy was established and urbanization and industrialization developed rapidly, railway construction was hindered by funding constraints, resulting in a significant gap between railway services supply and the increasing national transportation demand. Consequently, railway construction has gradually fallen behind national economic and spatial development. However, there are differences in the national and local interests between the central and local governments in planning and developing railway networks, which have driven the evolution of railway construction toward a multi-level construction mode. This mode centers around the national backbone network, dominated by the central government, and aims to promote the construction of national development corridors and urban agglomerations. The planning for metropolitan areas has been facilitated via inter-city rail networks, led by provincial and municipal governments. In this process, conventional railways are gradually being replaced by high-speed railways (HSR), which have become the priority of railway development. Subsequently, development has shifted from the construction of conventional railways to meet regional transportation and population flow needs toward the planning and construction of HSR that lead multiscale spatial restructuring. In the context of rapid expansion of high-speed rail development, some spatial problems emerged, such as negative impacts of HSR development on small and middle-sized cities, low land use efficiency in station areas, and weak functional connections between station areas and central cities. Therefore, to promote the coordinated development of urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas, it is necessary to develop station areas based on local and regional conditions and enhance the interaction of high-speed rail effects at different scales.

This article reports a case of nevus trichilemmocysticus. The patient, a 48-year-old man, presented with multiple filiform keratoses and nodules. Physical examination identified multiple subcutaneous papules and nodules on the scalp, filiform keratoses on the face and bilateral ears, in addition to linear blackheads on trunk and limbs. The patient also exhibited hair loss and hypoplastic tooth. Histopathology revealed trichilemmal cyst. Nevus trichilemmocysticus is a rare organoid nevus. We reviewed literature in order to raise the awareness of the syndrome.

Objective·To explore the changes of pelvic floor structure in the early and middle pregnant women with the history of cervical incompetence (CIC) by ultrasound.Methods·The pregnant women during early and middle trimesters were collected from Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine from August 2022 to January 2023. All the pregnant women had only one history of premature delivery, abortion or induced labor in the middle trimester, and were divided into CIC group and control group according to whether having the history of CIC in the previous pregnancy. Age, body mass index (BMI), gestational age, the prevalence of funneling of internal urethral orifice and the prevalence of urinary incontinence were compared between the two groups. Two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and four-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasound was used to measure the pelvic floor structures of the women in the states of resting, pelvic floor muscle contraction (PFMC) and Valsalva maneuver (VM). The parameters of pelvic floor structure included bladder neck position, urethral inclination angle, urethral rotation angle, posterior angle of bladder, bladder neck mobility, cervix position, position of ampulla of rectum, area of urogenital hiatus (HA), hiatal transverse diameter, and hiatal anteroposterior diameter. General linear regression model was used to correct the influence of confounders and to analyze the association between the history of CIC and the different indexes of pelvic floor structure.Results·A total of 76 pregnant women in early and middle trimesters were collected, including 39 women in the CIC group and 37 women in the control group. There was no significant difference in the age between the two groups, while BMI and gestational age in the CIC group were significantly greater than those of the control group, and the differences were significant (both P 0.05); at the state of VM, HA (P=0.016) and hiatal anteroposterior diameter (P=0.014) increased in the CIC group, while other parameters did not change significantly. It was found that the CIC history was associated with HA (P=0.038) and hiatal anteroposterior diameter (P=0.049) at VM after adjusting gestational age and BMI by the general linear regression model. The incidence rates of funneling of internal urethral orific in the CIC group and the control group were 10.25% and 0, respectively; the incidence rates of stress incontinence were 23.07% and 13.51%, respectively. Neither of the differences were significant (both P>0.05).Conclusion·In the pregnant women with the history of CIC, HA and hiatal anteroposterior diameter at VM increase, and the morphological change of the levator ani hiatus is more obvious with the increase of the vertical axis.

In air traffic management, the controller uses the control instruction to adjust the aircraft status, and the pilot confirms by repeating the control instruction. The correct understanding of control instruction is of great significance to flight safety. This paper proposes a new method of air traffic control information extraction, which is based on pre-training and fine tuning of the pre-training language model. It uses transfer learning to extract regulatory information under the condition of small samples. This method can not only reduce the cost of training data annotation, but also improve the accuracy of information extraction. The simulation results show that the accuracy of the new model is not less than 98%, and the key information in the control instructions can be extracted effectively. This method can improve the intelligence of air traffic control system, assist controllers to understand the contents of control instructions, support flight conflict detection, and ensure air transport safety.

Biomarker recognition is a major basis for achieving precision medicine,which plays an important role in diagnosing complex diseases,judging disease stages and evaluating the safety and effectiveness of new drugs or therapies in the target population.As the key technology of intelligent identification of biomarkers,the prediction of the association between circular RNA and disease is the key to deeply evaluate and measure the biological process,pathological process and intervention pathological response of subjects,and is one of the effective means and approaches to practice “precision medicine”.This paper comprehensively combs and prospects the circular RNA disease association prediction model in biological big data.Specifically,it first discusses the relationship between circRNA and disease in terms of the research background,physicochemical properties and functions of circ-RNAs.Then,it investigates the public database resources of circRNAs and diseases,and summarizes four computational methods of circRNA-disease association prediction from the perspective of computational models,and analyzes their advantages and shortcomings.Finally,this paper discusses the current challenges and future possible research directions of circRNA-disease association prediction problem.

[Objective] With the deepening of the digital economy, digital inclusive finance has become an important path for reducing the carbon emission intensity of agriculture. This study explored the relationship between digital inclusive finance and the carbon emission intensity of agriculture. [Methods] Starting from the spatial effects and influencing mechanisms, this study used digital inclusive finance and agricultural carbon emission intensity data from 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020 and kernel density estimation and spatial autocorrelation analysis of the characteristics of agricultural carbon emission intensity, the dynamic spatial Durbin model, and mediation effect models to analyze the impact of digital inclusive finance on agricultural carbon emission intensity. [Results] The results show that: (1) The level of agricultural carbon emission intensity was continuously decreasing, with strong spatial heterogeneity and clear agglomeration characteristics, while the spatial pattern of digital inclusive finance and agricultural carbon emission intensity exhibited certain mismatch in their development. (2) Digital inclusive finance had a significant negative effect on agricultural carbon emission intensity, and the conclusion is robust based on endogeneity tests, sample exclusions, and policy effect tests. Broader coverage and higher level of digitalization of digital inclusive finance can significantly inhibit agricultural carbon emission intensity. (3) Digital inclusive finance affects the level of agricultural carbon emissions by influencing the level of agricultural technology innovation and entrepreneurial activities, and urbanization and marketization levels have significant moderating effects that can strengthen the carbon reduction effect of digital finance. [Conclusion] It is recommended to further optimize the organizational model of digital inclusive finance to support low-carbon agricultural development, strengthen the construction of digital infrastructure to stimulate agricultural innovation and entrepreneurship, and thus promote the development of low-carbon agriculture.

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are defined as naturally occurring or artificially synthesized compounds. The functions of PGRs mainly include accelerating or delaying seed germination, breaking plant dormancy, stimulating or reducing bud elongation, inducing flowering and fruiting, and affecting the aging process. The application of PGRs has effectively promoted the growth of plants. However, the application concentration of PGRs is more than one millionth. The large amount of abuse and misuse of PGRs in the process of use not only reduces the yield of crops, but also exacerbates their residues in the environment, especially in agricultural products such as fruits and vegetables. So, they are detected in many environmental media like fruits, vegetables, and water. In addition, most PGRs are toxic, and some of them will undergo adsorption, desorption, hydrolysis, photolysis, microbial degradation, and other environmental behaviors after entering the soil. The decomposition products produced by this process are more toxic.In order to comprehensively understand the current status of PGRs pretreatment, analysis and test method, the common pretreatment methods of solid phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction for typical PGRs in solid substrates such as fruits and vegetables, fertilizers and soil, and in liquid substrates such as water, edible oil and nutrient solution are summarized in this paper, as well as the analysis and testing techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Moreover, to reduce the detection limit, high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) is also frequently used. At the same time, considering the strong natural attenuation ability of PGRs and the high toxicity of their intermediates, the advantages, disadvantages and applicability of different testing techniques are systematically summarized, taking into account the special structure and nature of PGRs, in order to fully understand the current status of pretreatment and analytical testing of PGRs and provide literature support for subsequent research on analytical testing, migration transformation, pollution evaluation and treatment of PGRs.Due to many impurities in the sample that can interfere with the detection, the appropriate pretreatment method can improve the accuracy of the test results. However, the sample pretreatment process accounts for more than 70% of the total analysis and test work, and about 50% of the error in the final test results comes from pretreatment. Therefore, establishing a fast, simple, and stable pretreatment method can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of analysis and detection. At present, the forms of environmental media detected for PGRs are mainly divided into two types: solid matrix samples (such as fruits, vegetables, fertilizers and soil, etc.) and liquid matrix samples (water, oil and nutrient solution, etc.). The related pretreatment methods are also mostly targeted at these two different forms of environmental media.Solid substrates involving PGRs mainly include fruits and vegetables, fertilizers and soil. Among them, fruits and vegetables are the most frequently detected solid substrates of PGRs, and some PGRs have also been detected in fertilizers, soil and other substrates. The pretreatment process of solid matrix samples can be divided into two parts: extraction and purification. Among them, solid phase extraction is the most commonly used extraction technology, and QuEChERS method is the most widely used purification method.Water, edible oil, and nutrient solution are the most frequently detected liquid substrates of PGRs. At present, liquid-liquid extraction is the most commonly used extraction method for liquid matrix. For the selection of extractants, the octanol-water partition coefficient of PGRs such as gibberellic acid and ethephon is less than 1, which is a strong polar compound and can be extracted by hydrophilic organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol and acetone; the polarity of most other PGRs such as forchlorfenuron and paclobutrazol is relatively weak, but it still belongs to the category of strong polarity compared with other kinds of compounds such as benzene and chloroethane (n-octanol-water partition coefficient>10). Therefore, the extractant can not only use methanol, but also use polar organic solvents such as ethyl acetate and chloroform that are insoluble in water. Although liquid-liquid extraction requires a lot of extractants, the high-water solubility of most PGRs makes them often directly detected by HPLC-MS/MS, which eliminates the complex pretreatment steps such as extraction and purification. In addition, because some PGRs have poor chromatographic characteristics or are not easily detected, the derivatization is also required to convert the components into derivatives suitable for analysis.Analytical and testing technologies mainly include gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), HPLC/UPLC, HPLC-MS/MS, ion chromatography (IC), spectrophotometry (SP), capillary electrophoresis (CE), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and electrochemical sensor method.At present, the solubility of most PGRs in water (20℃) is 0.50-10g/L, and the octanol-water partition coefficient of most PGRs is 0-4, with strong hydrophilicity. Therefore, HPLC-MS/MS are applicable to the detection of almost all PGRs. However, HPLC-MS/MS are often used to detect the residues of PGRs in fruits and vegetables, followed by soil and fertilizer, while there are few related studies in natural water. This may be due to the rapid natural decay rate of PGRs in the natural environment, resulting in extremely small amounts of residues in natural water bodies such as surface water and groundwater that cannot be directly detected.GC has the advantages of low cost and easy maintenance, and GC-MS has become a conventional testing technology. However, GC-MS are greatly affected by sample matrix interference and require high pretreatment methods. In addition, due to the influence of the physical and chemical properties of different PGRs (such as abscisic acid and indole acetic acid with a boiling point over 400℃, or forchlorfenuron and cinnamic acid with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups), most PGRs have poor gas chromatographic characteristics and are not easily detected.The order of detection limits of PGRs is GC>HPLC>chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the lowest instrumental detection limit of chromatography-mass spectrometry is 10-5mg/kg. However, the higher solubility and the larger natural attenuation rate of most PGRs lead to the lower detection concentrations in complex environmental substrates such as soil and water, so there is still an urgent need to solve the problem of analytical testing of trace PGRs and its intermediates.In future, PGRs analysis and test method will focus on the analysis and detection of trace PGRs and their intermediates, as well as the development of new materials and technology-based methodologies.

As a good in vitro research model, organoids are more and more widely used in the biomedical field. By developing self-assembled 3D structures using various tissue culture techniques, organoids can rebuild the high complexity of cells in the inherent structure of the organ, and are therefore unanimously used to study mechanisms regulating body development and disease, high-throughput drug screening, and personalized treatment and so on. To better recapitulate cell-to-cell interactions within the microenvironment, co-culture strategies have been extended to more cell types, and their rapid development offers broader prospects for organoids and paves the way for the treatment of human diseases and regenerative medicine. This review discussed the role of co-culture strategies in organoid generation, and focused on the application of various cellular components and microorganisms in organoid construction, thereby providing reference and help for scholars to construct and develop organoids with a higher degree of in vivo simulation.

In order to explore the synergistic corrosion inhibition effect of spinach extract and KI on Q235 steel in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution，the synergistic corrosion inhibition effect and mechanism of spinach extract chlorophyll (CHL) and KI on Q235 steel in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution were studied by means of weight loss method，electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)，potentiodynamic polarization curve，scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).Results showed that when CHL (100 mg/L) and KI (50～200 mg/L) were combined in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution，the obtained compound always showed good corrosion inhibition with a corrosion inhibition rate above 90%.And when both CHL and KI were mixed with a concentration of 100 mg/L，the synergistic effect was the best，with a corrosion inhibition rate up to 98.04%.The compound of CHL and KI was a kind of mixed corrosion inhibitor that mainly inhibited the cathode.The corrosion inhibition behavior of CHL and its complex with KI conformed to Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation，which was a spontaneous adsorption process and formed a dense protective film on the surface of Q235 steel.In 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution，CHL molecules were adsorbed on the surface of Q235 steel through physical and chemical adsorption to prevent corrosion reaction.The addition of KI could assist CHL molecules to adsorb on the surface of Q235 steel，improving the adsorption rate of CHL molecules.In this way，the corrosion rate as well as the amount of CHL and KI required for the inhibition were both reduced.Therefore，the synergistic effect of CHL and KI was enhanced and the inhibition efficiency was improved.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features of colon squamous cell carcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma. Methods: The clinicopathological data and prognosis of 4 patients with colonic squamous cell carcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma were collected retrospectively. Results: There were 1 male and 3 female, and the age ranged from 29 to 76 years old. Serum CA19-9 was increased in 2 cases, which were 88.25 ng/mL and 553.13 ng/mL, respectively. Serum CEA increased in 2 cases, which were 116.39 U/mL and 37.22 U/mL, respectively. Three cases occurred in ascending colon and 1 case in descending colon. Microscopically, the squamous cell carcinoma of 4 cases was arranged into irregular nesting or flake shape, the tumor cells were polygonal or irregular, the cells were eosinophilic and expressed P40 and P63, while the adenocarcinoma of 2 adenosquamous carcinoma cases was arranged into irregular glandular tubules or cribriform, and the cell nucleus was deeply stained and expressed CAM5.2 and CK20. P16 was expressed in 3 cases. One case was complicated with schistosome. No patient was with human papilloma virus infection. Mismatch repair protein absently expressed in 3 cases. Three cases were complicated with KRAS gene mutation. At the last of follow-up, 1 patient died at 16.4 months after surgery, and the remaining 3 patients survived without recurrence (median follow-up time: 42 months). Conclusions: Squamous cell carcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma are rare histopathological types of colorectal cancer with poor biological behavior, often accompanied by loss of mismatch repair protein expression and KRAS gene mutation. Radical resection is an effective way to obtain a good prognosis.

As an ideal medical theranostic radionuclide, 177Lu is widely applied in many cancer diagnostics and therapies. The carrier added 177Lu has the advantages of simple radiochemical process and high irradiation yield. Herein, this paper conducted the research on the preparation of carrier added 177Lu by thermal neutron irradiation of 176Lu in the high flux engineering test reactor (HFETR). This work irradiated natural lutetium and enriched 176Lu. As a result, 177Lu with specific activity of 0.87 Ci/mg and 177mLu content of 0.009% was produced by 13 days irradiation of natural Lu at thermal neutron flux of 2×1014 n·cm-2·s-1; 177Lu with specific activity of 24.9 Ci/mg and 177mLu content of 0.02% was produced by 28 days irradiation of enriched 176Lu (86.5%) at thermal neutron flux of 1×1014 n·cm-2·s-1; 177Lu with specific activity of 25.76 Ci/mg and 177mLu content of 0.002% was produced by 5 days irradiation of enriched 176Lu (86.5%) at thermal neutron flux of 2×1014 n·cm-2·s-1; and 177Lu with specific activity of 28.3 Ci/mg and 177mLu content of 0.009% was produced by 12 days irradiation of enriched 176Lu (86.5%) at thermal neutron flux of 2×1014 n·cm-2·s-1. Among them, both 177Lu products using enriched 176Lu targets meet the domestic group requirements with specific activity more than 20 Ci/mg and 177mLu/177Lu less than 0.07%. Overall, carrier added 177Lu which can meet the standards can be prepared by irradiation of enriched 176Lu in HFETR. It is expected to realize localized production of carrier added 177Lu according to market demand and promote the domestic researches in 177Lu nuclear medicine applications.

Multiple kernel learning(MKL) aims to find an optimal consistent kernel function.In the hierarchical multiple kernel clustering(HMKC) algorithm,the sample features are extracted layer by layer from high-dimensional space to maximize the retention of effective information,but the information interaction between layers is ignored.In this model,only the corresponding nodes in the adjacent layer will exchange information,but for other nodes,it is isolated,and if the full connection is adopted,the diversity of the final consistence matrix will be reduced.Therefore,this paper proposes a hierarchical multiple kernel K-Means(SCHMKKM) algorithm based on sparse connectivity,which controls the assignment matrix to achieve the effect of sparse connections through the sparsity rate,thereby locally fusing the features obtained by the distillation of information between layers.Finally,we perform cluster analysis on multiple data sets and compare it with the fully connected hierarchical multiple kernel K-Means(FCHMKKM) algorithm in experiment.Finally,it is proved that more discriminative information fusion is beneficial to learn a better consistent partition matrix,and the fusion strategy of sparse connection is better than the strategy of full connection.

Objective To construct a Nomogram model that can accurately predict early death of metastatic colon cancer (mCC). Methods A total of 6 669 patients from the SEER database were identified using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for early mortality and to construct a Nomogram. The predictive performance of the Nomogram was evaluated by C-index, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results Primary tumor location, differentiation grade, T stage, M stage, bone metastases, brain metastases, CEA, tumor size, age and marital status were independent factors for early death in patients with mCC. A Nomogram was constructed based on these variables. The C-index and the calibration curve of the Nomogram showed the good predictive ability of the nomogram. DCA showed that the Nomogram had a superior clinical net benefit in predicting early death compared with TNM stage. Conclusion The developed Nomogram has good predictive ability and can help guide clinicians to identify patients with high-risk mCC for individualized diagnosis and treatment.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ameliorative effects of Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit polysaccharides (RTFP) on ileal mucosal barrier dysfunction and intestinal inflammation in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and the effect of RTFP on the intestinal flora. In this study, a mouse model of NAFLD was established by feeding mice with high fat diet (HFD), and was then intragastrically administered with RTFP for seven weeks. Results showed that RTFP significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress in the ileum of NAFLD mice, and improved lipid metabolism disorders. Microscopic histopathological observations showed that RTFP could restore the structure of the ileum of NAFLD mice to normal, reduce the crypt lesion and protect the intestinal barrier. The changes in the fecal microbiota of mice in all tested groups were evaluated by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. It was found that RTFP could regulate the diversity and composition of the intestinal flora of NAFLD mice, significantly reduce the ratio between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, improve the abundance of beneficial flora and reduce the abundance of pathogenic flora. These results suggest that RTFP can be used as a prebiotic to regulate the intestinal flora, improve intestinal microecology, reduce intestinal barrier dysfunction and maintain normal intestinal function in NAFLD mice.

In order to expand the application range of green scale inhibitor polyaspartic acid (PASP)， a new green modified polyaspartic acid scale inhibitor (MPASP) was prepared using polysuccinimide (PSI) as the raw material and methionine (Met) as the modification reagent.The microstructure of the prepared MPASP was analyzed by infrared spectrum and hydrogen nuclear magnetic spectrum. The thermal stability of the MPASP was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis. The scale inhibition performance of MPASP on CaCO3 and CaSO4 scale was explored by static scale inhibition method. And the crystal morphology of CaCO3 and CaSO4 scale samples inhibited by MPASP was characterized by scanning electron microscope and infrared spectrum. Results showed that the optimum conditions for the synthesis of MPASP were as follows:the reactant ratio m(PSI): m(Met) ＝ 1.00: 0.10， the pH value of reaction solution was 10， and the reaction temperature and time were respectively 70 ℃and 2 h. When the dosage of MPASP was 8 mg/L，the scale inhibition rates on CaCO3 and CaSO4 were 94.40%and 95.49%respectively. In addition， the scale inhibition effect of MPASP on CaCO3 and CaSO4 scales was better than that of PASP. Generally， the addition of MPASP caused significant change in the crystal structure of CaCO3 and CaSO4 calcium scales in the solution， and the crystallization of calcium scale became loose and fine，which interfered with the formation process of dense calcium scale and achieved good scale inhibition effect.

In order to analyze the mechanism of cutting and dust production of coal and rock driving machine, the three axis force model of coal and rock was constructed based on EDEM method, and the coal dust cutting mechanism under different cutting conditions was analyzed. The results show that the number of bonds between particles decreased periodically with the operation time of the cutting head, the cycle length is in the range of 0.2 s to 0.7 s, and the number of broken bonds between particles increases linearly with the cutting time; the average body mass and throwing velocity of particles in the process of coal cutting with cutting depth showed a distribution of cyclical fluctuations, in addition, the average particle throwing velocity of rock mass cutting is obviously larger; the cutting depth increased gradually with the increase of cutting head operating time and the average velocity of particle throwing shows an increasing trend of fluctuation from about 1.0 s; with the increase of cutting depth, the average speed of the particles increased periodically under different roof pressure conditions, and the height of cut coal has little influence on the dust generation process.

To improve the ride comfort of a light commercial vehicle, the dynamic performance of the hybrid air suspension was analyzed and optimizaed by multi-body dynamics. Through the quasi-static compression test, the dynamic model of the air spring under different air pressures was established, and then the dynamic performance of the vehicle under random and pulse input were studied through the multi-body dynamics simulation. A combined model for ride comfort simulation was established ob basis of Isight, Matlab and Adams/Car. Through performing the sensitivity analysis, the parameters that have a great impact on the ride comfort performance were determined. Finally, the ride comfort of the whole vehicle under random and impulse input is optimized through the Co-simulation platform and NSGA-Ⅱ optimization algorithm. The simulation results of ride comfort after optimization show that: under random input, the root mean square value of weighted acceleration at the driver is reduced by 13.6%, and that at the passenger is reduced by 25.6%; under pulse input, the maximum vertical acceleration at the driver is reduced by 15.9%, and that at the passenger is reduced by 29.4%, and the ride comfort of the whole vehicle is significantly improved.