From the new respect of urban energy and land factor allocation structure constraint, we explored the win-win path of high-quality economic development and environmental protection. To be more specific, taking 280 cities in China from 2004 to 2017 as samples, we measured urban green total factor productivity ( GTFP) based on the SBM-Luenberger production function method. Furthermore, we analyzed the sources, dynamic characteristics, and internal driving factors of the growth of GTFP and found that: (1) The growth of GTFP experienced three stages during 2014 -2017: the positive growth stage (2004-2008), the negative growth stage (2009-2015) and the positive growth stage again (after 2016). The growth of GTFP mainly came from its scale effect. (2) In the spatial-dynamic change, the spatial HH region (high-growth level) of GTFP in the initial stage was concentrated in the western region, while the LL region (low-growth level) of the GTFP was in Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Heilongjiang, and other eastern regions. With the time passing by, the HH region had been expanding from the western region to the central region and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. However, the LL region of the eastern coastal region was narrowing. (3) Among the driving factors, the negative effect of urban energy structure was related to a low proportion of new energy power supply. The negative effect of land supply structure indicated a 'race-to-the-bottom' effect in urban development. The advanced process of industrial structure was good for the growth of GTFP but negative with the local environment. In addition, the stronger the urban resource agglomeration effect was, the higher the growth speed of GTFP was. Therefore, we should give full play to the scale effect of urban agglomeration and improve the intensive efficiency of urban energy and land resources, and finally enhance the urban high-quality economic development relying on the improvement of economic efficiency, resource efficiency, and environmental efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]