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Copyright of Journal of Xinjiang University (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Xinjiang University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

Objective: To evaluate the impact on the health status of population in the area where the 'Three Gorges Reservoir Water Storage Project' had been operated and to provide references for the development of related disease control strategies., Methods: In the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, 17 towns/streets in nine counties were chosen as surveillance points. Data on surveillance program would include infectious diseases, birth, death, biological agents etc., Methods: related to time and spatial analysis and the comparison on pre- and post-water storage were used to analyze and describe the long-term changing trend of meteorological index, distribution of biological agent and diseases, and human health status. Relationships between number of infectious diseases and media biological density and meteorological parameters were also analyzed., Results: When the water storage program came into being in 2003, the indoor (2.22%) and outdoor (2.76%) densities of rats were significantly lower than pre-water storage period (indoor 4.38% vs. outdoor 4.43%) and the annual average density of mosquito (35.09 mosquitoes per room and per hour) was also lower than before (54.24 mosquitoes per room and per hour). The incidence rates of encephalitis B, malaria, leptospirosis, and hemorrhagic fever had reduces 22.88%, 84.85%, 95.03% and 81.82% than before. The incidence rates of malaria, leptospirosis, and hemorrhagic fever were all below 0.4/100 000 and the incidence of encephalitis B was below 2/100 000. The average infant mortality was 11.83‰. The annual infant mortalities, after adjusted by missing report numbers, were between 13.07‰ and 23.88‰ which were lower than the national annual average level. The thirteen year standard mortalities were 3.77‰ - 5.12‰, with the total rate lower than the national average level in the same years., Conclusion: In 2003, the incidence rates of malaria, encephalitis B, leptospirosis, epidemic hemorrhagic fever kept going down in the surveillance sites in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, and the overall population's health status was well enough to show that there was no negative impact on the health status of population living in the area after the water storage project was inplemented. more...

Copyright of Journal of Xinyang Normal University Natural Science Edition is the property of Journal of Xinyang Normal University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

Objective To identify the temporal-spatial distribution patterns and changing of hotspot areas of malaria importations, and high-risk importation areas for imported malaria in Jiangsu Province, in order to provide the scientific evidence for prevention of malaria reintroduction in China. Methods Cases with imported malaria in Jiangsu Province from 2016 to 2022 were accessed from the National Notifiable Disease Report System and the Information Management System for Parasitic Disease Control in China. The county-level vector map of Jiangsu Province was obtained from the National Fundamental Geographic Information System, China. ArcGIS 10.7 software was utilized to create a thematic map depicting the distribution of imported malaria cases in Jiangsu Province at the county level. Global and local autocorrelation analysis was then conducted to investigate the spatiotemporal changes in malaria import hotspot counties. Results There were a total of 1 189 cases with imported malaria reported in 77 counties (81.05%, 77/95) of Jiangsu Province from 2016 to 2022. The global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that a global spatial cluster of imported malaria in Jiangsu was only identified in 2020 ( Moran's I=0.46, Z=4.37, P<0.01), but local spatial autocorrelation analysis found that a total 60 hotspot counties existed from 2016 to 2022. There are 23 counties in central Jiangsu (38.33%), and 20 counties in southern Jiangsu (33.33%), 17 counties in northern Jiangsu (28.33%). The distribution of hotspot counties exhibits continuity. For instance, Chongchuan District, which falls under the jurisdiction of Nantong City, has consistently emerged as a hotspot county for 2016-2021. Since 2020, two recurring hotspot counties emerged in northern Jiangsu and southern Jiangsu. These counties are Ganyu District, under the jurisdiction of Lianyungang City, and Lishui District, under the jurisdiction of Nanjing City. Conclusions The spatial-temporal cluster of cases with imported malaria was identified at the county level in Jiangsu, that hotspot counties were consistently detected. It is essential to maintain the sustainability of malaria surveillance and response in hotspot counties which were new detected, and strengthen the capacity of surveillance and response in hotspot counties which were continually detected based on the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and changing rules of imported malaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Objective To investigate the effects of capsaicin on gut microbiota and antimicrobial peptide expression of Anopheles stephensi, providing experimental references for the application of capsaicin in mosquito-borne disease prevention and control. Methods Anopheles stephensi were continuously fed with sugary water containing capsaicin or DMSO for the capsaicin-treated group and the control, respectively. The DNA of the female mosquito's midguts and gut bacteria was extracted. Bacterial 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to analyze and compare the bacteria diversity, gut flora composition, relative abundance, and total bacterial load in female mosquitoes' midgut between the control and capsaicin treatment groups. Total RNA was extracted from the midguts of the two groups of Anopheles mosquitoes, and the transcriptional levels of important antimicrobial peptides were detected and compared by reverse transcription and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results A total of 10 phyla, 11 classes, 28 orders, 43 families, and 62 genera were identified in the two groups. The capsaicin-treated group had fewer taxa, with significantly reduced bacterial diversity, and different community composition and relative abundance of the flora compared to the control group. At the phylum level, Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes predominated in both two groups. At the order level, Flavobacteriales, Acetobacterales, Pseudomonadales, and Lactobacillales were the dominant bacteria, with reduced relative abundance of Pseudomonadales and Acetobacterales and increased relative abundance of Flavobacteriales and Lactobacillales in the capsaicin-treated group. At the genus level, Elizabethkingia was predominantly abundant in both samples, with higher relative abundance of Elizabethkingia, Leuconostoc, and Gluconobacter in the capsaicin-treated group, while Asaia and Acinetobacter had significantly lower relative abundance compared to the control group. In addition to these changes, the total bacterial load was increased and the transcriptional levels of attacin C, cecropin A, and defensin were significantly decreased by capsaicin treatment. Conclusions Capsaicin treatment significantly affects the composition of the gut flora in Anopheles stephensi and increases the total bacterial load while inhibiting the expression of antimicrobial peptides. Based on the analysis, it indicates that capsaicin might affect the fecundity and vector competence of Anopheles by changing the energy metabolism and immune-related bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

Vector-borne diseases are not only global public health issues, but also a great concern to military medical support. Strategies to biologically control vector and prevent vector bites can protect population from infection with vector-borne diseases at community levels, and the development of effective vaccines and drugs could prevent the infection of a given important vector-borne disease. Although great progress has been achieved in the researches on vector control and repellents and malaria vaccine, highly effective measures to prevent vector-borne diseases are still lack. Therefore, it is still urgent to explore the underlying mechanism of genetic manipulation of vector populations by gene drive system, and host seeking by vectors, as well as host protective immune responses against major vector-borne diseases in the future. more...

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

Objective For the adaptation of epidemiological characteristics of malaria during its elimination in China and the demand of assessing malaria risk of various areas, a framework for assessing county-level malaria risk needs establishing to provide a basis for malaria surveillance and health resource allocation. Methods The indexes were collected by literature review in the field of malaria risk and on the basis of former studies, a preliminary framework of assessing malaria was established through the panel discussion of the research team. The Delphi method was applied to refine the framework, with the entropy weight method along, and determine the weights of the indexes. Results The experts' active coefficient is 100%, the authority coefficient for each expert is larger than 0.7, and Kendall coefficient is 0.225, χ² = 137.868,P <0.05. The two-tier framework consists of 6 primary indexes and 29 secondary indexes. Primary indexes are risk of high-risk group getting infected, risk of importation, risk of vector receptivity, risk of delay in detecting cases, risk of inefficiency in management of case, and risk of insufficiency in maintaining and guaranteeing capacity to eliminate malaria. Weights for each are 0.169, 0.172, 0.156, 0.171, 0.165 and 0.168 respectively. The five secondary indexes with the highest weights are availability of malaria testing, completeness of the antimalaria drug reserve, the number of imported plasmodium subspecies, intensity of imported malaria, and cross-border migrating population. Weights for each are 0.074 7, 0.069 9, 0.062 7, 0.057 8 and 0.049 9 respectively. Conclusion Results are qualified in responsiveness, authoritativeness, and coordination of experts. Expert consensus and differences among the observations of the indexes are taken into account when determining the weights of the indexes. The framework adapts to the demand of malaria elimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Copyright of Journal of Tea Science is the property of Journal of Tea Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

Copyright of Journal of Xinyang Normal University Natural Science Edition is the property of Journal of Xinyang Normal University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

[Objectives] To investigate the effect of bleach powder on silkworm intestinal bacteria and digestive enzymes, [Methods] Silkworms were either fed mulberry leaves that had been disinfected with bleach powder or untreated mulberry leaves, and their intestinal bacteria were isolated and identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. [Results] The overall amount of bacteria, and of enzyme-producing bacteria, in the midgut was generally inhibited by bleach powder, regardless of the effective chlorine concentration although there was a positive correlation between the strength of this inhibitory effect and chlorine concentration, Compared to the Control, the abundance of amylase-producing bacteria, as well as the average production of protease, were significantly lower in larvae that had been fed leaves treated with bleach powder, With the exception of the the lowest effective chlorine concentration, 0.3%, exposure to all other concentrations of bleach powder reduced the diversity of mid-gut bacteria to a single genus; Staphylococcus sp., In contrast, the control group and the 0.3% treatment group had relatively diverse enzyme-producing bacteria, including Staphylococcus sp., Lelliottia sp., and Buttiauxella sp. [Conclusion] Both intestinal bacterial community diversity and bacterial digestive enzymes werre significantly inhibited by bleach powder, particularly bacterial protease production and the abundance of amylase-producing bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

The burden of vector-borne diseases refers to the loss and impact of healthy life and social economy due to disability and early death caused by vector-borne diseases, including economic burden and family burden. Disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is a comprehensive measure of the burden of disease. The economic burden of disease is classified into direct economic burden, indirect economic burden and intangible economic burden. Currently, the estimates of direct economic burdens include micro-cost and macro-cost models, and the estimates of indirecteconomic burdens include human resources and friction cost methods, while the intangible economic burden is generally estimated by willingness to pay. The currently available health economics approaches mainly include cost-utility analysis, cost-benefit analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis. This review summarizes the approaches for estimating the burden of malaria and other vector-borne diseases. more...

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...

Objective: To investigate the awareness of malaria-related knowledge, the use of mosquito nets and their influencing factors among residents in Banlao Township, Cangyuan County, Yunnan Province., Methods: In August 2020, 19 settlement sites in Banlao Township, Cangyuan County, Lincang City, Yunnan Province were selected as study areas, and permanent residents at ages of 10 years and older were enrolled for a questionnaire survey, including residents' demographics, family economic status, malaria control knowledge and use of mosquito nets. In addition, the factors affecting the use of mosquito nets in the night prior to the survey were identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis., Results: A total of 320 questionnaires were allocated, and all were recovered (a 100% recovery rate). There were 316 valid questionnaires, with an effective recovery rate of 98.75%. The 316 respondents included 152 men and 164 women and 250 Chinese respondents and 66 foreign respondents. The awareness of clinical syndromes of malaria was significantly higher among Chinese residents (71.60%) than among foreign residents (50.00%) (χ 2 = 11.03, P < 0.01), and the proportions of Chinese and foreign residents sleeping under mosquito nets were 46.00% and 69.70% on the night prior to the survey, respectively (χ 2 = 11.73, P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified ethnicity group and type of residence as factors affecting the use of mosquito nets in the night prior to the survey., Conclusions: The awareness of malaria control knowledge, the coverage and the use of mosquito nets were low among residents in Banlao Township, Cangyuan County, Yunnan Province. Targeted health education is recommended to improve the awareness of malaria control knowledge and self-protection ability. In addition, improving the allocation of long-lasting mosquito nets and health education pertaining to their uses and increasing the proportion of using mosquito nets correctly is needed to prevent re-establishment of imported malaria. more...

Objective: To understand the knowledge, usage, applicability of the standard and the suggestions on the implementation of Criteria for Control and Elimination of Malaria (GB 26345-2010) among malaria prevention and control staff of disease control and medical institutions at all levels in Yunnan Province, so as to provide the evidence for the implementation and revision of the standard., Methods: Malaria prevention and control workers at 192 institutions in 16 prefectures and cities of Yunnan Province were surveyed. The malaria prevention and treatment workers at county-level center for disease control and prevention (CDCs), county-level medical institutions and township hospitals in Tengchong City and Yingjiang County of Yunnan Province were investigated on the spot. The knowledge and usage, problems and recommendations encountered in the implementation of the standard were collected., Results: Totally 444 questionnaires were collected, of which 428 were valid and the valid rate of questionnaires was 96.4%. Among them, the proportion of those who knew the standard was 86.7% (371/428), and the channel of knowledge acquirement was mainly the education and training, accounting for 50.7% (188/371). The total awareness rate of objective indicators in the standard content was 65.9% (282/428). Among the frequency of utilization, the "occasional use" of this standard was the majority, accounting for 33.6% (144/428). Among the applications, the highest proportion of applying to the "regular malaria prevention and control work" was 59.3% (191/322), and only 19.3% (62/322) applied to the "assessment for malaria elimination". In the standard suitability assessment, the proportion of considering the standard to be fully applicable was 91.3% (391/428), and the proportion of considering the standard to be revised was 8.7% (37/428). The agencies where the respondents were located have taken corresponding measures to promote the implementation of the standard. A total of 43 proposals for the implementation of the standard were collected, relating to personnel and supporting conditions., Conclusions: Combined with the actual situation, the standard should be strengthened practically. At the same time, the standard learning, training, and publicity should be strengthened to raise the implementation level. Its implementation in Yunnan Province should be sequentially consolidated and steadily promoted. more...

Objective: To set up a framework of indicators for schistosomiasis and malaria to guide the formulation and evaluation of vector-borne disease control policies focusing on adaptation to the negative impact of climate change., Methods: A 2-level indicator framework was set up on the basis of literature review, and Delphi method was applied to a total of 22 and 19 experts working on schistosomiasis and malaria, respectively. The result was analyzed to calculate the weight of various indicators., Results: A total of 41 questionnaires was delivered, and 38 with valid response (92.7%). The system included 4 indicators at first level, i.e. surveillance, scientific research, disease control and intervention, and adaptation capacity building, with 25 indicators for schistosomiasis and 21 for malaria at the second level. Among indicators at the first level, disease surveillance ranked first with a weight of 0.32. Among the indicators at the second level, vector monitoring scored the highest in terms of both schistosomiasis and malaria., Conclusion: The indicators set up by Delphi method are practical,universal and effective ones using in the field, which is also useful to technically support the establishment of adaptation to climate change in the field of public health. more...

The energy of the physiological activities for both male and female mosquitoes is provided by feeding sugar outdoors. The attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) was developed according to the behavior, and showed a good result in reducing mosquito population size. This paper introduces the progress on the sugar-feeding behavior of mosquitoes and application in vector-borne disease control. more...