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Transfer RNA (tRNA) promotes the protein translation process by binding with corresponding amino acids and transporting them to the ribosome, emphasizing the vital role of tRNA in protein translation. Transfer RNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) are fragments originating from tRNA and are produced when these tRNA are cleaved. As the degradation products of tRNA, tsRNA retain significant biological functions, notably in regulating gene expression and modulating translation. Recent researches have highlighted the dual regulatory role of tsRNA in oncology, especially their pronounced variations in the bodily fluids of cancer patients, accentuating the potential of tsRNA as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Upregulation of tsRNA and 5'tiRNA His GTG related to colorectal cancer promotes tumor occurrence and development; Upregulation of 5 '-tiRNA Val generated by angiopoietin cleavage promotes tumor metastasis and growth; Upregulation of tRF-20-MEJB5Y13 promotes the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Upregulation of gastric cancer related tsRNA, tRF-19-3L7L73JD, can promote the progression of malignant tumors, while upregulation of tRF-24-V29K9UV3IU, tRF-5026a, and tRF-Val may inhibit tumor proliferation and progression. In terms of clinical application, the expression of plasma 5-tRF-GlyGCC is increased, and the area under the curve for diagnosing colorectal cancer is 0.882. The plasma tRF-5026a is decreased, and the area under the curve for diagnosing colorectal cancer is 0.883. The expression of tRF-27-FDXXE6XRK45, tRF-29-R9J8909NF5JP, and tRF-23-Q99P9P9NDD in the serum of gastric cancer patients was significantly increased. The area under the diagnostic curve for gastric cancer was 0.805, 0.889, and 0.783, respectively; The serum tDR ‐ 000620 in triple negative breast cancer decreased, which was related to lymph node metastasis and disease recurrence. In the plasma exosomes of gastric cancer patients, the expression of tRF-38, tRF-25, and tRF-18 is elevated, which can be used for diagnosis and may be a postoperative predictive factor. The expression levels of tRNA ValTAC-3, tRNA GlyTCC-5, tRNA ValAAC-5, and tRNA GluCTC-5 in the plasma exosomes of liver cancer patients have significantly increased, which may be emerging biomarkers.This article reviews the biogenesis, classification, and biological functions of tsRNA, emphasizing the advancements in their application as tumor biomarkers and delineating their roles across various cancer types, offering insights into their utility in oncological research and clinical applications.

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and objective Lung cancer is the highest incidence of cancer in the world, which seriously threatens human health. Early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer is particularly important for the survival of lung cancer patients. Serum tumor markers have been widely used as an important method for early diagnosis of tumor. However, there are few early diagnostic markers for lung cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression level of Lipocalin-2 and its clinical significance in serum of patients with lung cancer. Methods The serum levels of Lipocalin-2 in 60 lung cancer patients and 63 healthy people were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the relationship between the expression level of Lipocalin-2 and the clinical characteristics of lung cancer was analyzed. Results The expression level of Lipocalin-2 in peripheral blood serum of patients with lung cancer was significantly higher than that of healthy people, and the difference was statistically significant (P

Objective To investigate the expression of serum apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) in colorectal cancer and its diagnostic value. Methods A total of 202 patients with identified colorectal cancer admitted in our center from January 2010 to September 2015 were recruited in this study, and another 242 healthy volunteers who took physical examination at the same period served as normal control. Their serum APE1 level was quantified by ELISA. The expression of APE1 protein in colorectal cancer tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was detected by C-12 tumor protein chip kit. The correlations of APE1 protein levels in the serum and tumor tissues with age, gender, clinical stage and other indicators were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to evaluate the value of serum APE1 and CEA levels in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Results The serum APE1 level was 0.331 (0.007~4.359) ng/mL in the colorectal cancer patients, which was significantly higher than that in healthy control [0.091(0～1.374) ng/mL, P < 0.001]. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the serum APE1 level was positively correlated with its protein expression in colorectal cancer tissues (r=0.331, P=0.025), but had no relations with age, sex and clinical stages. ROC curve displayed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.799 (95%CI=0.756~0.843), the sensitivity was 76.20%, and the specificity was 76.40% for serum APE1 level in the diagnosis. While, the AUC value was 0.736 (95%CI=0.687~0.785), the sensitivity was 51.00%, and the specificity was 99.60% for serum CEA level. Their combination increased the AUC value to 0.857 (95%CI=0.819~0.896), and the sensitivity and accuracy to 72.30% and 91.30%, respectively. Conclusion The serum APE1 level is positively correlated with its expression level in the colorectal cancer tissue, and both are significantly higher than those in the health control. Combined detection of serum APE1 and CEA levels might be considered as serum markers in auxiliary diagnosis for colorectal cancer.

Objective To analyze the relationship between the clinical parameters and the efficacy of epidermal growth factorreceptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) as the first-line therapy in patients with stage Ⅳ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and identify the clinical markers for predicting the patients' responses to the treatment. Methods The clinical data were retrospectively reviewed for the patients with stage Ⅳ EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC receiving EGFR-TKIs (erlotinib, gefitinib, and icotinib) as the first-line therapy in our hospital between January, 2010 and December, 2016, and the relationship between the patients' clinical parameters and responses to the treatment were analyzed. Results A total of 123 patients (43 males and 80 females, aged ranging from 28 to 84 years) were included in this study. The objective response rate (ORR) of the overall patients was 47.97%, the disease control rate (DCR) was 100%, the median progression-free survival (mPFS) time was 11.0 months, and the median overall survival (OS) time was 22.7 months. Univariate analysis showed that the patients with low levels of neuronspecific enolase (NSE), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) or Cyfra21-1 before the treatment had significantly prolonged mPFS time (NES: 14.2 vs 9.1 months, P < 0.001; CA125: 12.4 vs 9.5 months, P=0.024; Cyfra21-1: 12.3 vs 9.5 months, P=0.033); the mOS time was significantly prolonged in patients with ECOG performance status of 0~1 (24.0 vs 16.5 months, P=0.001) and low levels of NSE (27.7 vs 17.3 months, P < 0.001), CA125 (25.4 vs 20.2 months, P=0.002), Cyfra21-1 (25.7 vs 18.1 months, P=0.027) or CA15-3 (25.5 vs 18.7 months, P=0.009). Multivariate analysis suggested that CA125 and NSE were independent prognostic factors of PFS, and CA125, NSE, CA15-3, hepatic metastasis and performance status were independent prognostic factors of the OS time. Combined analysis of CA125, Cyfra21-1, CA15-3 and NSE showed that compared with those with elevation of a single factor, the patients with elevation of multiple factors had shorter mPFS time (9.3 vs 11.8 months, P=0.045) and also shorter mOS time (18.7 vs 27.4 months, P=0.001). Conclusion Low levels of CA125 or NSE before first-line EGFR-TKIs treatment are associated with longer PFS time of the patients with stage Ⅳ NSCLC, while performance status of 0~1 and low levels of NSE, CA125 or CA15-3 are associated with a longer OS time of the patients. The combination of CA125, Cyfra21-1, CA15-3 and NSE is expected to serve as a simple indicator for predicting the efficacy of firstreceptor-line EGFR-TKIs therapy in patients with stage Ⅳ NSCLC.

Background and objective Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have the highest incidence of lung cancer which treatment principles are diagnosis and treatment as early as possible. Because of its insidious onset and lack of specific markers for early screening, most patients are at an advanced stage when diagnosed which results in a low 5-year survival rate and poor prognosis. Therefore Exploring a sensitive biomarker is the focus of current diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the biological markers in serum of patients with I-IIb stage NSCLC by differential peptidomics analysis. Methods The serum peptidome was compared and analyzed among the groups of normal health controls, benign lung diseases and early stage NSCLC patients using a nano ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with a quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer. The differentially expressed polypeptides were identified and analyzed quantitatively to screen the tumor biomarkers for the early diagnosis of NSCLC patients. Results According to the Swiss-Prot database, a total of 545 polypeptides originated from 118 proteins were identified. The spectral numbers of serum polypeptides in each group were compared and a total of 201 polypeptides differentially expressed were found. Following a quantitative analysis of the above peptides, we found that there were 7 peptides with the coefficient of variation (CV) less than 30% and among them the peptide of QGAKIPKPEASFSPR from ITIH4 was down-regulated and the peptide of CDDYRLC from MGP was up-regulated in NSCLC group. Conclusion The tumor biomarkers obtained by serum peptidome technology can provide a new clue for early diagnosis of NSCLC and the specific peptides hydrolyzed from ITIH4 and MGP may be the serum biological markers for early NSCLC patients.

Background and objective Increased macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), member of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, was found in patients serum with epithelial tumors. Therefore, our aim was to delineate the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum MIC-1 in patients with stage I-II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A total of 152 consecutive patients with stage I–II NSCLC were prospectively enrolled and underwent follow up after total resection of tumor. Serum MIC-1 level was detected in lung cancer patients by ELISA, 48 benign pulmonary disease patients and 105 healthy controls, and was correlated with clinical features and prognosis of patients. Results The level of MIC-1 of NSCLC patients was significantly higher than that of controls (P

Objective: To validate the performance of a multi-omics combined test for early screening of high-risk liver cancer populations. Methods: 173 high-risk patients with liver cancer were prospectively screened in a real-world setting, and 164 cases were finally enrolled. B-ultrasound, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and HCC screens were conducted in all patients. A multi-omics early screening test was performed for liver cancer in combination with multi-gene methylation, TP53/TERT/CTNNB1 mutations, AFP, and abnormal prothrombin (PIVKA-II). Differences in rates were compared using the chi-square test, adjusted chi-square test, or Fisher's exact probability method for count data. A non-parametric rank test (Mann-Whitney) was used to compare the differences between the two groups of data. Results: The HCCscreen detection had a sensitivity of 100% for liver cancer screening, 93.8% for liver cancer and precancerous diseases, 34.1% for positive predictive value, 99.2% for negative predictive value, and 0.89 for an area under the curve (AUC). Parallel detection of AFP, AFP+B-ultrasound, and methylation+mutation had a sensitivity/specificity and AUC of 31.3%/88.5% (AUC=0.78), 56.3%/88.2% (AUC=0.86), and 81.3%/82.4 % (AUC=0.84). At the same time, the disease severity range was significantly correlated with the methylation+mutation score, HCCscreen score, or positive detection rate (PDR). There was no significant correlation between AFP serum levels and methylation+mutation or HCCscreen scores, while there was a significant linear correlation between methylation+mutation scores and HCCscreen scores ( r  = 0.73, P  < 0.001). Conclusion: In real-world settings, HCCscreen shows high sensitivity for screening opportunistic, high-risk liver cancer populations. Furthermore, it may efficaciously detect liver cancer and precancerous diseases, with superior performance to AFP and AFP+ultrasound. Hence, HCCscreen has the potential to become an effective screening tool that is superior to existing screening methods for high-risk liver cancer populations.

Objective: To explore the possible clinical application of differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods: The differential expressed miRNAs from HCC cells exosomes were screened by Next Generation Sequencing. The expression levels of differentially expressed miRNAs were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR and evaluated in healthy controls(Health), hepatitis B patients(CHB), liver cirrhosis patients(LC) and hepatitis B positive HCC patients. Results: Eighty-eight differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in exosomes of HCC cell lines through heighthroughput sequencing, including 58 up-regulated and 30 down-regulated miRNAs. Eight differentially expressed miRNAs were verified by qRT-PCR. It showed that miRNA expression was consistent with the sequencing results in either cell line exosomes or in cell lines, also in tumor tissues vs. adjacent tissues.The expression levels of miR-221-3p and miR-224-5p in exosomes were significantly higher in HCC patients than those in Health, CHB or LC group(P<0.01). Furthermore, the expression levels of exosomal miR-124-3p and let-7a-5p were lower in HCC than Health, CHB or LC group(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of miR-21-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-34a-5p and miR-122-5p among the four groups(P>0.05). Conclusion: Serum exosomal miR-221-3p, miR-224-5p, miR-124-3p and let-7a-5p have the possibility to become canditate biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer is the property of Chinese Journal of Lung Cancer and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research on androgen receptor (AR) in breast cancer is advancing.Although the prognostic value of AR in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is controversial,a variety of studies have demonstrated that the lack of AR expression exacerbates disease progression.Moreover,the TNBC subtype of AR(-) is more aggressive than that of AR(+) due to the lack of prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.With the discovery and deepening research of novel therapeutic targets such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 signaling pathways,as well as the emerging of immunotherapies,the treatment options for TNBC are increasing.Regarding the role of AR in TNBC,the studies about the tumor biology of AR(-)TNBC and novel biomarkers for improved management of the disease remain insufficient.In this review,we summarize the research progress of AR in TNBC,put forward avenues for future research on TNBC,and propose potential biomarkers and therapeutic strategies that warrant investigation.

The composition of human oral microorganism is numerous and complex and is easily affected by many factors. With the development of metagenomic technology, the important role of oral microbiome in the development of tumor has attracted extensive attention. A literature retrieval was conducted through PubMed, Embase, CNKI and WanFang database for an analysis on the characteristics of oral bacteria and its association with oral cancer, esophageal cancer and gastric cancer. The results indicated that oral microbiome can be influenced by age, gender, race, and lifestyle. Specific oral bacteria were associated with high risk of upper gastrointestinal cancer, indicating a potential role of oral microbiota to be the biomarker for upper gastrointestinal cancer. This paper summarizes the progress in the research of the association between oral microbiome and upper gastrointestinal cancer, showing a new direction for the exploration of microbiological etiology of upper gastrointestinal cancer and providing scientific evidence for the optimization of early detection and treatment of upper gastrointestinal cancer.