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Understanding of customer needs is essential for successful product development, and technique for predicting future needs, for example, to predict the next boom, will be more and more desirable. This study is aimed at establishing a methodology of predicting future needs, mainly focusing on the technical side. We have chosen a familiar product, i. e. shampoo, as the subject matter, and examined the possibility of the next shampoo boom. Here, in connection with the booms over different generations, we added statistical processing in the year-by-year change of the number of related patent applications. This reveals that every boom is preceded by a sign or harbinger. Using this methodology, we evaluated the candidates of needs extracted by various methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the safety of a group A + C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine as part of a phase IV clinical trial., Methods: The study area was divided into 108 clusters according to the principle of cluster randomization, stratified and paired sampling methods. 54 out of 108 clusters served as observation groups were administered A + C vaccine, while the rest 54 groups were administered Vi polysaccharide vaccine. An adverse event surveillance system was established to monitor the adverse events following the vaccination campaign. Identical form and methods were used for data collection to investigate the adverse events following the vaccination of both A+ C vaccine and Vi vaccine., Results: 34,543 people were vaccinated, including 18,167 of whom received A + C vaccine, while the other 16,376 received Vi vaccine. The rates of immediate injection reaction and unsolicited non-serious adverse events from A + C vaccine group were 0.44% and 0.38% while of Vi vaccine group were 0.79% and 0.73% respectively. At the solicited adverse event survey on 3-day-post-vaccination, 1239 vaccinees were followed-up including 771 received A + C vaccine and 468 received Vi vaccine. The local injection reaction rate of A + C vaccine group on the 1st day was significantly higher (X2 = 13.98, P = 0.0002) than that of Vi vaccine group. Neither the local injection reaction rate nor the system reaction rate between both groups was significantly different on 2nd and 3rd day, post vaccination. It was not statistically different when comparing fever onset rate between those who received vaccine and those who did not, in each vaccine group. There were no serious adverse events observed., Conclusion: Results showed that the side effects of A + C vaccine and the Vi vaccine were mild and safe for vaccination campaigns targeting on populations at different age.