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Anxiety disorders are characterized by high prevalence and recurrence rate. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors （SSRIs） and cognitive behavioral therapy （CBT） are recommended as first-line treatments for anxiety disorders， while some patients do not response to either of these treatments. Therefore， exploring the neurobiological mechanisms associated with treatment response and valuable prognostic marker is of great value in guiding clinical decision making. Previous studies have reported an altered electroencephalogram （EEG） pattern in patients with anxiety disorders after treatment， and revealed a correlation between baseline EEG and treatment response， suggesting that EEG is of great value in predicting the treatment response in anxiety disorders. The purpose of this article is to delineate findings from a systematic review of the literature investigating the EEG signal in prognostic prediction and exploration of neurobiological mechanisms， so as to provide electrophysiological evidence for individualized treatment of anxiety disorders. Results of this review show that patients responding more strongly to negative emotional stimuli before treatment are more likely to benefit from SSRIs and CBT. After the CBT， no statistical difference is found in the amplitude of error-related negativity （ERN） and P1 component between pre- and post- procedure measurements， suggesting that CBT may not reduce anxiety symptoms by improving attention bias and behavioral monitoring. EEG indicators related to emotion perception under negative emotional stimuli at baseline， such as late positive potential （LPP）， may be promising markers for predicting response to treatment in anxiety disorders. ［Funded by the Science and Technology Innovation 2030-Major Project of "Brain Science and Brain-like Research" （number， 2021ZD0202004）； Capital Health Development Scientific Research Project （number， 2020-1-2121）］

Objective·To investigate the effect of intraorbital injection of compound betamethasone on IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD).Methods·Patients with IgG4-ROD who received intraorbital injection of compound betamethasone in the Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from September 2016 to August 2021 were included. The enrolled patients met the 2019 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria for IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) and all had lacrimal gland involvement. The intraorbital administration regimen was 0.5 mL compound betamethasone (containing betamethasone propionate 5 mg/mL, and betamethasone sodium phosphate 2 mg/mL) into the affected orbit once a week for 6 weeks, and then once a month for 3 months. The drug was injected into the lacrimal gland and its surrounding superficial orbital tissue. For patients with extraocular muscle and optic nerve involvement, periocular injection was added. Before and after treatment, the IgG4-RD responder index (IgG4-RD RI) was recorded according to the clinical manifestations, serum IgG4 level and imaging findings. If recurrence was determined according to the IgG4-RD RI, maintenance treatment was adopted. Maintenance treatment regimen was once a month for 6 months, and then changed to bimonthly according to the doctor's judgment.Results·According to the IgG4-RD RI before and after treatment, all patients achieved complete remission after initial treatment with remission periods of 4, 4, 6, and 5 months in case 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively, but relapse occurred. Despite recurrence, case 1, 3, and 4 remained in remission with maintenance therapy in the follow-up of 50, 45, and 27 months, respectively. Due to the low total dosage of glucocorticoid, no obvious systemic and local side effects occurred during treatment. Also no serious injection-related side effects occurred. Case 2 refused maintenance therapy and the lacrimal gland returned to its original size after discontinuation, but did not aggravate further in the 47 months follow-up.Conclusion·Intraorbital injection of compound betamethasone may be a useful treatment option for IgG4-ROD. However, patients require repeat injections due to relapse.

Objective: To explore the predictive value of the combined detection of serum interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-32 (IL-32), interleukin-33 (IL-33) and interleukin-37 (IL-37) in the early treatment response of primary multiple myeloma (MM) patients who received bortezomib based first-line treatment. Methods: 176 cases of primary MM patients in our hospital from July 2018 to March 2021 were selected as the research object. All patients received bortezomib based first-line treatment. They were divided into sensitive group (142 cases) and non sensitive group (34 cases) according to the early treatment response. The levels of serum IL-17, IL-32, IL-33 and IL-37 in the two groups were detected and compared by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the predictive value of their combined detection for early treatment response was analyzed. Results: Before treatment, the levels of serum IL-17 and IL-32 in sensitive group were lower than those in non sensitive group, and the levels of IL-33 and IL-37 were higher than those in non sensitive group (P＜ 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥ 65 years, serum IL-17 ≥ 29.70 pg/mL, IL-32 ≥ 63.02 ng/L, tumor stage III were the risk factors of early treatment response (P＜0.05), IL-33 > 141.97 pg/mL, IL-37 > 69.17 ng/L were the protective factors (P＜0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of serum IL-17, IL-32, IL-33 and IL-37 combined detection in predicting early treatment response was 0.866 (95% CI: 0.801-0.972). Conclusion: Age, tumor stage, serum IL-17, IL-32, IL-33 and IL-37 are the influencing factors of early treatment response in MM patients. Combined detection of the levels of serum IL-17, IL-32, IL-33 and IL-37 has a high predictive value for early treatment response in MM patients receiving bortezomib based first-line treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The possibility of a personalized approach to the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer and breast cancer requires objective methods for the evaluation of the response of foci treatment in the skeleton. The proven high efficiency of MRI in detecting bone metastases, in combination with the absence of ionizing radiation, has laid the groundwork for using this method in monitoring the treatment course based on objective criteria for evaluation of the therapeutic outcome. AIM: To assess the possibilities of quantitative and semi-quantitative parameters of MRI-evaluation of treatment efficacy (radiation, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy) of bone metastases that were used in prostate and breast cancer clinical trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched the databases Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), eLibrary until April 1, 2021, using the following keywords: magnetic resonance imaging, MRI, DWI, treatment response, prostate or breast cancer, and bone metastasis. We only included studies related to the MRI-evaluation of treatment efficacy of any type of therapeutic intervention (with the exception of surgery) for metastatic skeletal lesions in this review. RESULTS: We selected and analyzed 11 out of 312 sources found as a result of the search. It allowed us to identify four groups of objective MRI criteria for evaluating the therapeutic effect in metastatic bone lesions in patients with prostate and breast cancer, including the dynamics of sizes, signal intensity on DWI, ADC, and tumor total diffusion volume (tDV). Changes in these quantitative and semi-quantitative indicators, with only one exception, had the same direction, although they differed in numerical values. A random-effects model was used for analysis considering the presence of statistically significant heterogeneity (p 0,1 for 2 test; I2 40%),. The change in ADC as a result of treatment averaged +0.35 [+0.12; +0.49] 103 mm2/s, with average values of ADC before treatment ― 0.83 [0.71; 1.03] 103 mm2/s, after treatment ― 1.18 [0.83; 1.49] 103 mm2/s. CONCLUSION: MRI is an informative technique for the objective evaluation of the response of bone metastases to therapy in patients with prostate cancer and breast cancer based on quantitative and semi-quantitative parameters. It has significant potential as a diagnostic test instrument for monitoring the effectiveness of treatment of metastatic skeletal lesions.

Objective Objective To investigate the expression and sub-cellular localization features of apurinic/apyrim- idinic endonuclease1（APE1）in primary and brain metastatic tumors of non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）patients，and ex- amine their impacts on treatment sensitivity and prognosis. Methods A total of 11 patients pathologically confirmed NSCLC with brain metastases participated in the present study. APE1 expression and sub-cellular localization for primary tumor and brain metastases tumors were detected by immunohistochemistry. Association between APE1 expression pattern and objective responserate（ORR），diseasecontrolrate（DCR），disease-freesurvival（DFS）andoverallsurvival（OS）wasexplored.Results High expression of APE1 was detected in 7 patients' primary tumor tissues and 9 patients' brain metastatic tumor tissues. High ex- pression levels of APE1 in PPT or brain metastases were negatively associated with therapeutic effects and prognosis（P<0.05）. Conclusion The current findings suggest that APE1 expression is generally high in BMT of patients with NSCLC，particularly in the cytoplasm. Elevated total and cytoplasmic APE1 may indicate a poor treatment response and poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC with brain metastases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the expression of CSF3R mutation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and analyze its clinical characteristics and prognosis., Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 212 patients with AML who were newly diagnosed in the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 1th 2018 to June 30th 2021, including 22 patients with CSF3R mutations as mutation group and 190 patients with CSF3R wild type ［66 cases of them were screened by propensity score matching (PSM), as control group］. The early efficacy and survival between the two groups were compared., Results: The median age of patients in the mutation group was 50(17-73) years old, and the ratio of male to female was 1.2:1 The main types were AML with maturation (11 cases) and acute myelomonocytic leukemia (9 cases). Prognostic stratification was carried out according to the risk stratification system of the European leukemia network in 2017, with 16 cases (72.73%) in the middle and high-risk group. At the initial diagnosis, the median count of white blood cell (WBC) was 44.75(1.30-368.71)×10 9 /L, among which 15 cases (68.18%) were >10×10 9 /L, and the median count of platelet (PLT) was 24(4-55)×10 9 /L. CSF3R T618I (68.18%) was a common mutation site, which had concomitant gene mutations, in which CEBPA mutation was the most common (10 cases, 45.45%), but only existed in CSF3R T618I mutation. The CR/CRi rate was 68.18% and 71.21% in the mutant group and the control group ( P >0.05), the median over all survival time was 15 months and 9 months ( P >0.05), and the median disease-free survival time was 8 months and 4 months ( P >0.05), respectively., Conclusion: Most AML patients with CSF3R mutation are middle-aged patients, the main types are AML with maturation and acute myelomonocytic leukemia, and most of them have middle and high-risk prognosis. CSF3R mutation may not be an independent prognostic marker for newly diagnosed AML patients.

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, therapeutic response and prognosis of patients with plasma cell leukemia (PCL) and improve the understanding of this disease., Methods: The clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and treatment response of 27 patients with plasma cell leukemia treated in The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from December 2010 to August 2019 were analyzed retrospectively, and their clinical characteristics were summarized. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis., Results: There were 18 cases of primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) and 9 cases of secondary plasma cell leukemia (sPCL). The male to female ratio was 1.7∶1. The median age was 62 years old. The first manifestations were bone pain, fatigue, fever, splenomegaly and bleeding, and a large number of plasma cell infiltration was observed in the morphological examination of peripheral blood and bone marrow cells. 13 cases were detected by immunotyping and all of them expressed CD38/CD138. 8 cases underwent karyotype analysis, and 3 cases were normal, clonal abnormalities occurred in 5 cases. FISH detection was performed in 12 cases, of which 8 cases were abnormal. In 17 cases of bortezomib based chemotherapy, the ovevall response rate was 52.9%, which was higher than that in the non-bortezomib group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P =0.242). The overall median survival time of 27 patients was 6.4 months, the median progression-free survival time was 3.5 months, and the median survival time of patients with pPCL and sPCL was 8.2 months and 2.4 months, respectively, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P =0.031)., Conclusion: PCL is highly invasive and has diverse clinical manifestations, and is not sensitive to traditional chemotherapy. The median survival time of patients with pPCL is relatively longer than that of patients with sPCL. The chemotherapy regimen based on bortezomib improves the treatment effectiveness and prolongs the survival time of PCL patients.

This study aims to clarify host factors of IFN treatment in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients by screening the differentially expressed genes of IFN pathway CHB patients with different response to interferon (IFN) therapy. Three cases were randomly selected in IFN-responding CHB patients (Rs), non-responding CHB patients (NRs) and healthy participants, respectively. The human type I IFN response RT 2 profiler PCR array was used to detect the expression levels of IFN-related genes in peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) from healthy participants and CHB patients before and after Peg-IFN-α 2a treatment. The results showed that more differentially expressed genes appeared in Rs group than NRs group after IFN treatment. Comparing with healthy participants, IFNG, IL7R, IRF1, and IRF8 were downregulated in both Rs and NRs group before IFN treatment; CXCL10, IFIT1, and IFITM1 were upregulated in the Rs; IL13RA1 and IFI35 were upregulated in the NRs, while IFRD2, IL11RA, IL4R, IRF3, IRF4, PYHIN1, and ADAR were downregulated. The expression of IL15, IFI35 and IFI44 was downregulated by 4.09 ( t = 10.58, P < 0.001), 5.59 ( t = 3.37, P = 0.028) and 10.83 ( t = 2.8, P = 0.049) fold in the Rs group compared with the NRs group, respectively. In conclusion, IFN-response-related gene array is able to evaluate IFN treatment response by detecting IFN-related genes levels in PBMC. High expression of CXCL10, IFIT1 and IFITM1 before treatment may suggest satisfied IFN efficacy, while high expression of IL13RA1, IL15, IFI35 and IFI44 molecules and low expression of IFRD2, IL11RA, IL4R, IRF3, IRF4, PYHIN1 and ADAR molecules may be associated with poor IFN efficacy.

Objective: To investigate the current status of treatment choice and responses in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in China. Methods: From the end of April to mid-May in 2020, a cross-sectional survey, by filling out a survey questionnaire, was conducted to explore the first-line choice of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) , current medications, drug switch and major molecular responses (MMR) as well as the variables associated with them in patients in China. Results: Data of 2933 respondents with CML from 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions across the country were included in this study. 1683 respondents (57.4%) were males. Median age was 38 (16-87) years old. 2481 respondents (84.6%) received imatinib as first-line TKI; 1803 (61.5%) , the original new drug (branded drug) . When completing the questionnaire, 1765 respondents (60.2%) were receiving imatinib; 1791 (61.1%) , branded drug. 1185 respondents (40.4%) had experienced TKI switch. With a median follow-up of 45 (3-227) months, 1417 of 1944 (72.9%) respondents with newly diagnosed CML in the chronic phase achieved MMR. Multivariate analysis showed that the respondents with urban household registration ( OR =0.6, 95% CI 0.5-0.8, P <0.001) , ≥ bachelor degree ( OR =0.5, 95% CI 0.4-0.7, P <0.001) , and in the advanced phase at diagnosis ( OR =0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.8, P =0.001) less preferred Chinese generic TKI, while the respondents from the central region in China more preferred Chinese generic TKI more than those from the eastern region ( OR =1.7, 95% CI 1.4-2.0, P <0.001) . Moreover, the respondents in the advanced phase at diagnosis more preferred second-generation TKI ( OR =5.4, 95% CI 3.6-8.2, P <0.001) ; those ≥60 years old, less preferred second-generation TKI ( OR =0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.7, P =0.002) . Being in the advanced phase at diagnosis ( OR =2.2, 95% CI 1.6-3.2, P <0.001) , first-line choice of imatinib ( OR =2.0, 95% CI 1.6-2.6, P <0.001) or Chinese generic drugs ( OR =1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6, P =0.002) , longer interval from diagnose of CML to starting TKI treatment ( OR =1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.2, P <0.001) and longer duration of TKI therapy ( OR =1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.1, P <0.001) were significantly associated with TKI switch; urban household registration ( OR =0.7, 95% CI 0.6-0.8, P <0.001) , ≥MMR ( OR =0.6, 95% CI 0.5-0.8, P <0.001) and unknown response ( OR =0.7, 95% CI 0.6-0.9, P =0.003) , no TKI switch. Female sex ( OR =1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.7, P =0.003) , urban household registration ( OR =1.6, 95% CI 1.3-2.0, P <0.001) , front-line imatinib therapy ( OR =1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.9, P =0.016) and longer duration of TKI treatment ( OR =1.2, 95% CI 1.2-1.3, P <0.001) were significantly associated with achieving a MMR or better response; age ≥ 60 years old ( OR =0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.0, P =0.047) and TKI switch ( OR =0.6, 95% CI 0.5-0.7, P <0.001) , achieving no MMR. Conclusions: By 2020, the majority of Chinese CML patients received imatinib as the fist-line TKI therapy and continue to take it. More than half of TKIs were branded drugs. Socio-demographic characteristics and clinical variables affect their TKI choice, drug switch, and treatment response.

Objective: To observe the clinical characteristics, treatment responses and prognosis of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) -del (5q) syndrome who met WHO (2016) diagnostic typing criteria. Methods: A total of 77 patients with del (5q) syndrome, according to WHO (2016) classification, were retrospectively analyzed between January 2008 and April 2018 in the Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Clinical characteristics, lenalidomide (LEN) efficacy and survivals were compared between the patients with del (5q) alone and those with one additional cytogenetic abnormality (ACA) with the exception of monosomy 7 or del (7q) . Treatment response and overall survival (OS) were compared between patients who were treated with LEN and traditional non-LEN drugs. Results: Of 77 patients, 64 were isolated del (5q) and 13 were del (5q) with ACA. There were significant differences of the median age and percentage of patients who had small megakaryocytes in bone marrow smear by immunohistochemistry (CD41) between the patients with isolated del (5q) and the patients with del (5q) + ACA[58 (29-64) years old vs 63 (31-82) years old, z =2.164, P =0.030; and 91.7% vs 60.0%, P =0.046, respectively]. The overall hematological response rate (78.9% vs 80.0%) , complete hematological remission (CR) rate (57.9% vs 60.0%) , cytogenetic response (CyR) rate[69.2% (9/13) vs 66.7% (4/6) ] and complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) rate [61.5% (8/13) vs 33.3% (2/6) ] of LEN were similar between the patients with isolated del (5q) ( n =19) and with del (5q) + ACA ( n =10) , as well as the median Overall survival (OS) between these two groups of patients (62 months vs 78 months, P =0.388) . The hematological response rate (79.3% vs 36.0%) , CR rate (58.6% vs 8.0%) , CyR rate [68.4% (13/19) vs 11.1% (1/9) ] and CCyR rate [52.6% (10/19) vs 0 (0/9) ] were higher among patients treated with LEN ( n =29) than those treated with non-LEN therapy ( n =25) . There was no statistically significant difference in OS between the patients with LEN or non-LEN therapy (78 months vs 62 months, P =0.297) . Conclusion: Comparing del (5q) syndrome patients with isolated del (5q) or with del (5q) + ACA, two groups of patients had similar clinical characteristics, median OS and LEN efficacy. LEN showed better treatment response than traditional drugs in patients with del (5q) syndrome.

Objective: To observe whether the history of solid tumors affects the treatment response and survival situation of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) . Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 836 patients with DLBCL who were treated in the Department of Hematology at Ruijin Hospital from 2013 to 2018. Among them, 34 DLBCL patients who had the history of solid tumors were classified into double cancer group. From 802 patients without history of solid tumors, 68 DLBCL patients were selected as control group, using 1∶2 matching on propensity scores for age, gender, IPI score and etc. All patients included in the study had follow-up interviews through medical record and telephone for mortality from any cause. Treatment response and 3-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of two groups were analyzed. Results: The complete remission rates after RCHOP (Rituximab+Cyclophosphamide+Vincristine+Adriamycin 50 mg/m(2) or Epirubicin or Liposome Adriamycin+Prednisone) regimen were 79.4% and 67.6% in the double cancer group and the control group, respectively ( P =0.210) . Among the 102 patients, 6 patients died in the double cancer group while 24 patients died in the control group and the median survival time of both two groups were not reached. The 3-year OS were (74.7±9.5) % and (63.5±6.1) % ( χ (2)=2.791, P =0.095) , while 3-year PFS were (72.1±8.8) % and (54.3±6.4) % ( χ (2)=1.400, P =0.237) in the double cancer group and the control group, respectively. Conclusion: The history of solid tumors didn't affect DLBCL patients' treatment response and short-term survival.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) that causes Hepatitis B with a high chronic rate, could lead to hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The IL28B gene belongs to a new interferon family λ and its genetic polymorphisms are identified to be associated with treatment effect and viral clearance. The purpose of this review is to discuss the role of the IL28B gene in treatment response and viral clearance of HBV-infected individuals, and further to reveal the mechanisms. This review could provide a theoretical basis for personalized medicines of HBV patients.