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Objective To evaluate the effects of classical markers, novel serological biomarkers and other markers on the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI).Methods PubMed and Embase were searched by computer to collect and evaluate the studies on serum markers of AMI from the estab-lishment of the database to August 15, 2020. Qualitative induction was conducted for the included studies.Results A total of 28 studies, including 5 meta-analysis, 7 prospective studies, 8 retrospective studies, 4 cross-sectional studies and 4 animal studies, were included. The speciality and sensitivity of classic markers (L-lactic acid, D-lactic acid and LDH) were low. The new serological biomarkers (D-dimer, platelet index, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, ischemia modifies albumin, 1-fatty acid binding protein, a-glutathione s-transferase, citruline) and other markers of AMI can be improved to some ex-tent, but the diagnostic value is still relatively limited.Conclusion The diagnostic value of serum bi-omarkers of AMI is limited, and it is still difficult for those markers to be used to diagnose AMI in differ-ent types and stages. High-quality and large-sample studies are still needed to confirm it.

Background: More than 50% of hemodialysis patients exhibit autonomic dysfunction and impaired heart rate variability, which are linked to cardiovascular symptoms and poor health outcomes. While exercise training has been shown to positively affect heart rate variability in patients with chronic diseases, there is insufficient evidence to support similar effects in hemodialysis patients. Purpose: In order to give hemodialysis patients more objective information about exercise therapy, this study reviews the literature systematically to evaluate the effect of exercise training on heart rate variability in hemodialysis patients and establishes evidence-based recommendations for exercise training on heart rate variability in hemodialysis patients. Methods: A systematic search of Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and CEPS was conducted. The keywords used in the search included "hemodialysis / haemodialysis", "exercise / exercise training / physical training / aerobic exercise / resistance exercise / strength training", and "heart rate variability / HRV / autonomic nervous system". Only randomized controlled trials (RCT) studies from the years 1990 to August 2018 were included. Non-adult (≤ 18 years) studies, non-English / non-Chinese language studies, and review studies were excluded. Results: Four studies were found and included in the analysis. Exercise training to hemodialysis patients improved the heart rate variability significantly to various degrees, including a medium to large effect for the standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), a large effect for the root mean square of the successive differences (RMSSD), a large effect for the proportion of differences of adjacent RR intervals > 50 ms (pNN50), a medium effect for the HRV triangular index, a medium effect for the low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio, and a small to medium effect for the mean RR interval. Based on the results of this systematic literature reviews recommendations emerged for exercise training on heart rate variability in hemodialysis patients. This recommendations regard to the exercise training time, frequency, intensity and contradictions. Conclusions: The results of this systematic review support that the parasympathetic activity, sympathetic activity, and heart rate variability of hemodialysis patients increase close to the normal value after exercise training. Based on the results of systematic literature reviews, this study establishes four evidence-based recommendations for exercise training on heart rate variability in hemodialysis patients. These recommendations are valid, as all levels of evidences are 1++ and the grades of recommendations range from A to B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dramatic increase in smartphone usage has spurred the development of many health-related mobile applications (apps). On the other hand, population aging and the associated rise in the incidence of chronic disease is increasing the demand for long-term care. Effective chronic disease self-management has been shown to help patients improve their health condition. Numerous smartphone applications currently support patient self-management of chronic disease, facilitating health management and health promotion. The purpose of the present article was to introduce the definition, contents, and types of health-related apps; to discuss the effectiveness of self-management health-related apps in promoting chronic disease management; and to assess and evaluate these apps. We hope that the present article helps give to healthcare professionals and patients who are willing to manage their diseases a general understanding of health-related apps and their potential to facilitate the self-management of chronic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]