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China is one of the countries in the world with the most frequent occurrence of continental earthquakes and the greatest impacts of earthquake disasters. In particular, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a region characterized by a wide spatial distribution of continental earthquakes, shallow epicenters, complex seismic origins, and significant disaster losses, making it highly susceptible to seismic events. The need for seismic geological survey is becoming increasingly urgent in this area. Based on regional geological eological data，high-precision satellite remote sensing images and DEM elevation data，this paper interprets the active faults in the region of Xigaze. The results show that the active faults in the Xigaze area are mainly concentrated in the rift valleys and their periphery, with tectonic activity varying spatially. The tectonic activity of active faults in the eastern rift is stronger than that in the western rifts. Additionally，the tectonic activity of active faults in each rift also shows a clear segmentation feature. At the same time, this paper comprehensively considers the characteristics of active faults, topography and geomorphology and stratigraphic lithology in the Xigaze area. It preliminarily evaluates the potential risk of earthquake disasters in 204 towns under its jurisdiction. The results show that there are 57 towns with “extremely high risk” “high risk” and “high-medium risk” of earthquake disasters, accounting for about 28% of the total number of towns in the region.

This study was performed to investigate the inhibitory mechanisms of 3 plant polyphenols, grape seed extract (GSE), lotus seed proanthocyanidins (LSPC) and lotus root polyphenol extract (LRPE), against Shewanella putrefaciens. Their antibacterial effects were determined in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the growth curve of S. putrefaciens. By scanning electron microscopy (SEM), relative conductivity, propyridine iodide (PI) staining, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity, extracellular protein content, nucleic acid leakage, Na+ K+ -ATPase activity and membrane protein fluorescence analysis, the antibacterial mechanism was explored. The results showed that the MICs of GSE, LRPE and LSPC were 31.25, 62.25 and 125.00 μg/mL, respectively. After S. putrefaciens was treated with the polyphenols, the position of membrane proteins was changed, the fluorescence intensity was reduced, the morphology was altered, the surface became wrinkled and sunken, and the growth was significantly inhibited. In addition, the activity of extracellular AKP, the contents of nucleic acid and extracellular protein in the bacterial suspension, relative conductivity and PI intake were significantly increased, and Na+ K+-ATPase was inactivated to a certain extent, thereby leading to cell death.

On September 5, 2022, an MS6.8 earthquake occurred in Luding County, Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China, causing extensive damage. The scientific expedition team of the Institute of Geophysics of the China Earthquake Administration investigated the damage caused by the earthquake in several terrace hydropower stations on the main stream of the Dadu River and nearby areas. It was determined that the cascade power stations ware less affected by the earthquake and that normal operation was not affected. Using the empirical Green's function method and considering the uncertainty characteristics of the seismic source parameters, the ground motion acceleration time histories were estimated for a reasonable range of three typical locations in the seismic region: the Shimian Caluo area (termed location 1), the Xingkang Expressway bridge area in the Dadu River basin (termed location 2), and the area near the historical seismic ancient landslides (Mogangling, termed location 3). The preliminary results showed that: buildings at locations 1 and 3 may be destroyed by an earthquake of this strength, whereas the bridges in location 2 are less likely to be destroyed. Here, combining the results of the disaster investigation, the seismic network built by the key engineering project, and the results of the rapid estimation of the ground motion at typical locations, we consider the feasibility of applying the Green's function library based on the waveforms of actual small earthquakes in key project areas.

The goal of archival appraisal is to assist archives in selecting and preserving information of permanent value in accordance with established principles, to efficiently enhance archival management and maximize the value of archives. Archival appraisal is an important procedure for the construction of archives collections. This study utilizes content analysis. First, it constructs an indicator classification framework based on research papers related to archival value issues. Subsequently, it examines the archival appraisal policies of six countries, namely the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Australia, and New Zealand. It analyzes the emphasis on archival value and policy characteristics in these six countries and summarizes core indicators used in archival appraisal. These findings serve as a reference for the archival practice field to improve archival appraisal operations and archival selection competencies for administrative agencies.

With the rapid development of science and technology, wheel hubs of automobile are also developing towards lightweight and convenient. Aluminum alloys are increasingly used in wheel hubs due to their excellent performance, but the corrosion of aluminum alloy wheel hubs is still a big problem. This work briefly introduced several common corrosion types of aluminum alloy wheel hubs (filiform corrosion, pitting corrosion, grain boundary corrosion, stress corrosion, peeling corrosion). The influence of atmospheric environmental factors on the corrosion of aluminum alloy wheel hubs was introduced. Furthermore, the corrosion of different types of aluminum alloys in typical atmospheric environments at home and abroad, and the anti-corrosion methods of substrate modification and surface treatment for aluminum alloy wheel hubs were described.

The phylogenetic status of Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis has long been controversial and the interspecific relationships of some species are unclear. At present, chloroplast genomes have been used to solve the phylogenetic problems of subg. Quercus and Castanea in the Fagaceae, but there are few researches on solving the phylogenetic problems of Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis with chloroplast genome information. To reveal the chloroplasts genome characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of Quercus ningangensis, Q. oxyodon, Q. gambleana and Q. neglecta. In this study, mature leaves of the above four species of Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis were selected for next-generation sequencing, and the chloroplast genome structure and characteristics were analyzed, phylogeny was studied in combination with related taxa. The results were as follows: (1) The chloroplast genome sequences of Q. ningangensis, Q. oxyodon, Q. gambleana and Q. neglecta were 160 906, 160 883, 160 832, 160 784 bp, respectively. They all encoded 133 genes, including 88 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. (2) The codons ending in A/T were preferred by the four species of Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis, and the variation regions of plastid genome mainly existed in non-coding sequences. (3) According to IR boundary analysis, ycf1 pseudogene was found in four species of Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis and expanded in IRb/SSC regions. (4) Phylogenetic analysis showed that Fagus and Trigonobalanus were differentiated early in Fagaceae, while subg. Quercus did not form a monophyly. The results of phylogenetic tree based on chloroplast genome were consistent with the nuclear marker plasmid markers. Interspersed between Ilex group and Cerris group in subg. Quercus. (5) The Flora of China and some local flora treated Q. gambleana as a separate species, while ZHOU Zhekun and DENG Min et al. treated Q. gambleana as a subspecies according to the characteristics of leaves. The phylogenetic status of Q. gambleana is still controversial. Based on the chloroplast genome information and previous morphological analysis results, the present study supported the idea that Q. gambleana existed as an independent species. This study provides basic data for discussing the phylogenetic status of the Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis, the division of its groups, and the resolution of doubtful relationships among them.

The Zhongba block, an important tectonic unit of the western segment of the Indus-Tsangpo suture zone (ITSZ) in southern Tibet, is significant for determining tectonic affinity and paleogeographic reconstruction along the northern margin of the Gondwana. However, whether the continental basement of the Zhongba block exists is still a controversial issue. In this contribution, integrated with field observations, whole-rock geochemistry and zircon geochronology allow us to identify a biotite-plagioclase gneiss suite in the southern region of Gongzhu Co from the central Zhongba block. The gneiss has 64.09%-69.87% SiO2, 12.18%-18.30% Al2O3, 0.55%-0.79% TiO2 and 2.53%-3.54% K2O. It is enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs) and has a high LREE/HREE ratio.It was proposed that the protoliths of the gneiss may be sedimentary rocks, dominated by feldspar sandstones, which had formed in an active continental marginal environment. Zircon dating result shows that the peak ages of inherited zircon cores are 950 Ma, 1600 Ma, and 2500 Ma, respectively, with the youngest age of ~630 Ma. Moreover, the metamorphic zircon rim yielded a weighted mean age of ~550 Ma. Based on these results, the Gongzhu Co gneiss was supposed to form in the Late Neoproterozoic (630-550 Ma) and subsequently underwent a high-grade metamorphism. Combined with previous results, the Gongzhu Co gneiss should represent the continental basement of the Zhongba block. This further implies that the Zhongba block belonged to northern margin of the Indian continent. Therefore, this study provides vigorous evidence for clarifying the characteristics of continental basement as well as tectonic affinity of the Zhongba block.

Massive low-grade thermal energy and water vapor are stored in the hot and humid airflow of mines, typically resulting in a poor underground working environment and posing threats to worker safety and health. The direct discharge of exhausted ventilation air causes an enormous waste of resources as well as pollution problems to the surrounding environment. Therefore, the extraction and utilization of mine ventilation heat and humidity have become some of the most important ways to solve thermal damage problems in deep mines, thereby boosting their low-carbon transformation development. Affected by the changes in the surface atmospheric and downhole heat and humidity sources, the hot and humid airflow parameters in mines change with time. Real-time determination of the hot and humid airflow characteristics in mines is key to extracting low-grade thermal energy from the underground environment efficiently. In this paper, the distribution law and variation characteristics of key heat and humidity joints are determined based on the real-time calculation of the hot and humid air network. A calculation model of condensation heat and humidity extraction is established, and the technology of low-grade condensation waste heat extraction from heat and humidity airflow is also developed, which, in composition, forms a low-grade heat in situ utilization system combined with refrigeration and dehumidification. Furthermore, the centralized and distributed thermal and humidity extraction and resource utilization methods of coal mine ventilation are put forward. The effects of heat extraction and water recovery are also analyzed using examples. The results show that around 224 t of moisture is wasted every day in ventilation air emission, whose recycling has economic benefits. Thousands of kilowatts of thermal energy are stored in the ventilation air emission, which can be used as direct heat energy or converted electricity. An approximately linear relationship is revealed between the temperature decrease and theoretical moisture recovery from ventilation air emission, providing a rapid way for engineering estimation. The analysis of the heat recovery shows that heat extraction is favored by high initial temperature and humidity due to high values and efficiencies. The application of heat–moisture recovery in underground nodes can effectively moderate the in situ working environment and simultaneously recover some energy as a supply to running costs. This work provides significant construction ideas and a theoretical basis for the extraction and utilization of low-level thermal energy and heat damage control in mines.

Lymphoplasmapheresis(LPE) is a combination of plasma exchange and lymphocyte separation technology. It can not only remove autoimmune antibodies, but also remove the immune active cells producing these antibodies. At the same time, it can inhibit cellular and humoral immune responses, and improve the efficiency and reliability of treatment. This technology is safe, reliable, and easy to operate. In recent years, it has been widely used in the treatment of various autoimmune diseases and the suppression of immune rejection after organ transplantation, especially in the treatment of critically ill patients. This paper summarizes the clinical application status of LPE in immune-related diseases at home and abroad, analyzes the problems existing in the clinical promotion of LPE, and makes a prospect of its application value.

The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to severely impact healthcare systems around the world, and patients with cancer are even worse affected owing to compromised immune status and greater exposure risk. In the present review, we retrieved the relevant literature including guidelines and consensuses directly related to the purpose of this study from the PubMed database, and then summarized the research data on cancer and COVID-19, aiming to discuss the personal protection, systemic anti-cancer therapy, outcome of co-infection, and the clinical management strategy in this population. We found that patients with malignant tumors had a higher chance of suffering COVID-19, co-infection of whom had an even worse clinical prognosis, especially for those with lung cancer or hematologic cancers. Systemic chemotherapy may delay the clearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus of human body, and thus have a negative impact on the clinical outcomes of COVID-19, while certain endocrine therapy and targeted drugs having limited or no impact. There has been no sufficient evidence for the impact of immune checkpoint therapy on the outcomes of COVID-19 till now. It is of great value to strengthen the personal protection of patients, adjust the anti-tumor treatments rationally and optimize the clinical management processes.

Objective: To construct a training program on emergency response ability for all staff in emergency medical wards under COVID-19 epidemic, and to evaluate its clinical effect. Methods: A targeted training program for emergency response ability of all staff in the emergency medical ward was established through literature review, brain storming and online conference discussion. The scheme includes seven modules: training system, training plan, training outline, training course, teaching team, training materials and teaching evaluation. For medical staff, other staff (nursing workers, work attendance, cleaning), patients and family members of different categories of personnel, advanced version, basic version and popular science version are designed respectively, and the training content closely fitted the needs of epidemic prevention and skills required in different groups. During the period from April 5 to May 10, 2022, the training program was conducted to train the emergency response ability in all staff,and effect was evaluated using questionnaires invstigation before and after training, oral questions, operation assessment and on-site inspection, and the incidence of clinical actual infection was monitered. Results: The score after traning on response ability to infectious disease emergencies in medical staff( 161.27±14.13) was higher than before the training (143.38±23.10) (P

Literature publications in archival science have been critical to the recognition of archival science as an independent discipline. The public access to archives has been popularized with the rise of information freedom since 1970, and the research of international archival studies has increased year by year. In Taiwan, the passage of the Archives Act in 1999 has accelerated the establishment and promotion of public archives management system and professional education institutes. After more than 20 years, the considerable archives research results have accumulated, and several bibliometrics research papers have been published. There is still a lack of quantitative analysis to compare the differences between domestic and foreign archives research results. Therefore, this article uses a representative database of journal articles in Taiwan and abroad for literature retrieval, employed bibliometrics method to analyze the achievements of Taiwanese archival studies articles compared with international journal articles. The publication quantity, research topics, authors and journal characteristics included in analysis. The visualization tools were also taken to present keyword distribution in literature and the relationship of subject concepts. The comparison of archival literature in Taiwan and international journals can show the whole picture of research trends and changes of archival science in the past 50 years (1971-2020).

Objective To investigate the direct effects of carboxyamidotriazole(CAI)on the survival and apoptosis of colon cancer cells(MC38 and C26)and its indirect effects through enhancing the anticancer effects of spleen lymphocytes in mice. Methods MC38 and C26 cells were cultured in vitro,spleen lymphocytes of mice were isolated,MC38 and C26 cells were co-cultured with spleen lymphocytes of mice,and the cells were treated with different concentrations of CAI. CCK-8 method was used to detect cell survival,flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis and the proportion of CD4+CD3+ T cells and CD8+CD3+ T cells in spleen lymphocytes of mice. Results The number of living cells of MC38 and C26 cells decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01 and P＜0.001)and the apoptosis rate was increased(P＜0.01 and P＜0.001)after being treated with different concentrations of CAI. The number of living cells of MC38 and C26 cells was decreased(P＜0.001)upon being co-cultured with spleen lymphocytes of mice for 48 h, and the apoptosis rate was increased(P＜0.001). The number of living cells of MC38 and C26 cells in co- culture groups treated with different concentrations of CAI for 48 h further decreased(P＜0.001)and the apoptosis rate increased(P＜0.05 and P＜0.001)as compared with those co-cultured with spleen lymphocytes of mice without CAI. The proportion of CD4+CD3+ T cells and CD8+CD3+ T cells in spleen lymphocytes of mice was significantly increased(P＜0.05 and P＜0.01)after 48 h treatment with different concentrations of CAI. Conclusions CAI can inhibit the survival and promote apoptosis of MC38 and C26 cells,and enhance the effects of spleen lymphocytes in mice on inhibiting the survival and promoting apoptosis of MC38 and C26 cells through a potential mechanism of increasing the proportion of CD4+CD3+ T cells and CD8+CD3+ T cells in spleen lymphocytes of mice.

Background: Critically ill neonates receive care in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Unfortunately, some neonates pass away in the NICU. Providing comprehensive neonatal palliative care and hospice services is crucial in supporting parents through the loss of their offspring. In our NICU, we identified that only 74.5% of nurses are able to properly recognize the need for palliative care and only 55% are able to implement the necessary procedures. Purpose: A project was designed and implemented to enhance the ability of nursing staff to recognize the need for and properly implement palliative care to improve the quality of this care in the NICU. Resolutions: We organized an on-the-job education and training program within our NICU with the goals of heightening awareness among nursing staff. In addition, a specialist palliative care operation flow chart, process preparation checklist, and palliative-care-related tools were created to facilitate the care process. Results: After program implementation, among nursing staff in our NICU, the palliative care recognition accuracy rate rose to 100% (from 74.5%) and the implementation rate rose to 94.8% (from 55%). The quality of provided neonatal palliative care and hospice services was significantly improved. Conclusion: The developed program was shown to significantly improve nursing staff recognition and implementation of neonatal palliative care in our NICU. This experience provides a reference for improving palliative care quality and for helping families effectively manage end-of-life challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The operation and maintenance of the internet data center (IDC) is critical and arduous.Operators urgently need to consider how to introduce inspection robots to improve the level of intelligent operation and maintenance.The development status and technology maturity of the inspection robot industry were introduced and the overall structure of the inspection robot data acquisition system was proposed.Combining with the actual network demand of data center inspection robots,technical breakthroughs in intelligent operation and maintenance of data centers and mining and application of collected data were discussed in depth.

本研究主要目的在探討家庭資源、學習態度、多元入學管道與學習成效之間的關係。研究對象主要是個案大學的大一學生，並控制學生之背景變數，建構以家庭資源為自變數，學習態度、多元入學管道與學習成效為依變數的廣義結構方程模型。有別於過去的研究，本研究將學習成效分為智育及服務學習之學習成效，且智育之學習成效包含較具客觀性的會考成績。研究結果顯示，家庭資源愈豐富，學生智育與服務的學習成效反而愈差。其次，家庭資源愈豐富的學生傾向於選擇甄選入學管道。最後，學生的學習態度愈佳，則無論智育或服務之學習成效也會愈好。 This study analyzed the interrelationships between family resources, learning attitudes, university admission channels, and learning performance. This study used first-year college students enrolled at the case university as the research sample. This research applied the generalized structural equation model and used family resources as its independent variable and learning attitude, university admission channels, and learning performance as dependent variables. Learning performance was separated into intellectual and service learning performance. The empirical results indicated that students with more family resources were less likely to exhibit high intellect and high service learning performance. In addition, students with more family resources were more likely to enter the university through recommendations and screening. Finally, students with superior learning attitudes were more likely to exhibit high intellect and high service learning performance.

From the perspective of some enterprises' big data value technology, despise application, value construction and despise operation problems, the importance of business innovation for big data transformation of enterprises was discussed, the characteristics of big data business innovation were analyzed and combined with the characteristics of telecom operators business and data, the big data business innovation mode suitable for telecom operators was studied, the functional framework of business innovation support system was designed, the implementation strategies and suggestions were proposed.

In order to explore whether working memory capacity of migraineurs was impaired or not, N-back Test was applied in 23 migraineurs and 25 healthy controls who were matched in sex, age, education, Verbal Fluency Test (VF), Digit Span Test (DS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) with migraineurs. It showed that when these migraineurs dealed with primary task of N-back Test (0-back), they showed higher accuracy rate (t = 2.627, P = 0.017) but slower reaction time (t = 1.483, P = 0.012). However, there were no significant differences between 2 groups when they dealed with advanced task of N-back Test (1-back: accuracy rate t = 1.399, P = 0.387, reaction time t = 1.069, P = 0.335; 2-back: accuracy rate t = 0.016, P = 0.209, reaction time t = 3.736, P = 0.777). As a result, working memory capacity of migraineurs was basically matched with healthy controls. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.01.014

A new multi-scale framework based on diffusion wavelets was proposed to analyze the homogeneous relationships,which can be used to conduct multi-scale analysis on structures,contents and user behaviors.The diffusion operator of diffusion wavelet only considers the local similarity in this framework.The experiments on both synthetic and real-world networks show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the typical algorithms in multi-scale analysis without parameters.

Insomnia is one of the common complaints among all clinical departments. In recent years, some studies have demonstrated that insomnia symptoms can be improved or treated by some antidepressants. Based on literature search both at home and abroad, this paper summarized the effect of various antidepressants with different pharmacological properties on sleep, and the progress of clinical application of antidepressants in treating insomnia according to the classification of antidepressant drugs. doi：10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2013.11.012

With the rapid development of the Internet and the tremendous proliferation of video applications,video privacy protection has garnered significant attention nowadays.It is a key problem to protect privacy while ensuring normal application.A survey of video privacy protection technologies was presented,and summary,comparison and analysis were mainly in three aspects:privacy extraction,privacy protection and access control.Moreover,some distinctive issues that correlate to privacy protection in video surveillance,such as privacy definition and perceptive security evaluation were also addressed.Finally,challenges and perspectives of video privacy protection technology were discussed.

For the key leak problem in identity-based blind signature, a blind signature scheme based on the trusted plat-form control module (TPCM) was presented. The message which will be signed is unknown to the signer, and the infor-mation of the signature cannot be tracked. In the blind signature scheme, the secret share distribution center and the TPCM cooperate to generate the user's signature key, and the user's private key is not alone to be produced. So it solves the key escrow problem, and can also be effective to prevent disclosure of the user's key and protect the user's anonymity and the no track of the signature. Finally random oracle was used to prove the security of the scheme. Compared with the traditional scheme, the proposed scheme has better computational efficiency.

It is a trend that cloud media will supply media service instead of traditional media server in the network. Cloud media is mainly used to process voice/video/data stream in the communication. Based on the requirements of video conference system and the study of the structure of cloud media used in the video conference filed, the key technology points in the application were discussed.

譯者前言：任教於德國科隆大學的Weigend 教授，應法務部及許玉秀教授之邀，於2012 年3 月到臺灣進行參訪與演講，3 月12 日Weigend 教授在交通大學科技法律研究所發表有關公司刑事責任的演講，本篇文章為當日演講內容之譯稿。能夠獲邀在此所歷史悠久且國際學術地位崇高的大學演講，令人感到十分榮幸與喜悅，十分感謝貴校的邀請；我將討論「公司刑事責任」的議題，希望大家對於這個在大陸法系與英美法系有不同的平行發展的議題能感到興 趣。首 先 ， 我們身處在一個公司（ corporations ） 各方面不當行為（misconduct）激增的時代，從造成信任危機（crises）與深遠影響的銀行與保險業詐騙性商業行為（ fraudulent business practices ） ， 到跨國公司（international business firms）利用武裝衝突（armed conflicts），而可能引發種族屠殺（genocide）等侵犯人性尊嚴的嚴重國際犯罪；第二個相關的影響，就是無論國內或國際間的立法潮流，都漸漸傾向對公司或法人（legal persons）科以刑罰，而就我所知中華民國也是其中之一。由實務或理論面探討是否應將刑事責任（criminal liability）延伸至法人的文獻，可說是汗牛充棟。在今天有限的時間裡，雖然可能無法呈現完整的討論，但我將試著呈現公司刑事責任的概念對刑事法學帶來的改變；同時，在全面擁抱這個看似打擊犯罪的利器以前，我認為這些改變都必須經過審慎的評估。

近年來，各大學或學院紛紛著手改革通識教育，以求達到「博雅教育」與「全人教育」的理想。本文希望藉由研究者通識課程的教學經驗，探討通識課程中視聽媒體的運用，以收拋磚引玉之效。首先，探討視聽媒體運用於通識教育的目標，及運用視聽媒體於通識課程的原則；其次，以研究者所教授的「民主與法治」課程為例，提出三個例子，包括：一、納粹主義與「戰地琴人」片段；二、婦女人權與「北國性騷擾」片段；三、民主指標與「自由之家」網站，分析課程流程。最末，提出結論探討視聽媒體運用於通識課程的挑戰與限制。 Recently there were revolutions in General Education in universities or colleges in Taiwan to pursue the prospect of “Liberal Education” or “Holistic Education”. This paper aimed at exploring the application of audiovisual media in General Education with the author’s teaching experience in the Center for General Education of National Chia-Yi University. At first, it will explore the goals and principles of application of audiovisual media in General Education. Secondly, it will use three examples in the course “Democracy and the Rule of Law” to analyze the process of application in this course. Finally, it concludes how to challenge the limits of application of audiovisual media in General Education.

本研究旨在依據正向心理學的解釋風格理論，發展適合國小二年級的樂觀課程，分析樂觀課程實施的歷程與遭遇困境，探討實施樂觀課程後學童的改變與成長。本研究採行動研究，以高雄縣某公立國小二年級27位學童為研究參與者，在綜合活動學習領域實施八節樂觀課程，以觀察、訪談、文件分析等方法進行資料蒐集與分析。研究發現：一、以學童生活事件或親身經驗為教材，能引起學習動機；二、多元化教學策略以「體驗學習」、「讚美和分享」最受學童喜愛；三、「六頂思考帽」口訣能引導學童聚焦思考；四、學童能運用「樂觀秘笈」改變想法和調整情緒，但問題解決行動有待加強；五、書寫「情緒日誌」，有助於學童自我省思與實踐。最後，根據研究發現，提出若干建議，提供國小教師實施樂觀課程與教學之參考。 This study aims to achieve three purposes: (1) To develop optimism program which is suitable for the second grades of the elementary school. (2) To analyze the process and difficulties of carrying out the optimism program. (3) To discuss the students’ change and growth after implementing the optimism program. This study adopts action research. There are 27 students participate in this study and the data collected include instructional diary of classroom observation, children’s performances and learning records, and interviews. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Teaching materials which are close to the students’ experience of daily life or their personal experience could arouse the schoolchild learning motivation. (2) Among multiple teaching strategies, “experience learning” and “praises and shares” are the most popular for students. (3) The application of “six thinking hats” could help pupils to concentrate on thinking. (4) The students can use the ways of “optimistic secrets” to change negative ideas and adjust their emotions, but the effect of solving problems leaves some room to improve. (5) Writing “emotional journal” is helpful to let students thinking about themselves and practice. Finally, based on the conclusions mentioned above, the authors propose some suggestions for elemental school teachers to improve their curriculum design and implementation of optimism program in their teaching.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the basic features of the exchange rate pass-through in Taiwan using industrial import price indices and then to analyze the preliminary characteristics of parameter instability. We build up a mark-up model with transaction cost to derive the empirical estimation formula in order to understand the imported exchange rate pass-through. In order to prevent possible dynamic aggregation bias, we estimate the sectoral exchange rate pass-through using industrial import price indices. Of importance, we found that the degrees of exchange rate pass-through were dramatically different across sectors, and there are the problems of instability. More specifically, the variability of exchange rate pass-through in the final goods sector is much bigger than that in the intermediate goods sector. Finally, the transportation cost plays a non-trivial role only in aggregate imports and some sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Problems: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is an impor tant issue in patient safety. After investigation, we identified the causes of the low rate of resuscitation completion in our emergency department as: incomplete utilization of available first-aid equipment, lack of standards related to task allocation, unclear moving line and instrument placement, lack of teamwork, and poor resuscitation-related communications during the COVID-19 pandemic. Purpose: The project aimed to improve the resuscitation performance completion rate. Resolution: The project included designing equipment reminder cards and an airway car, designating specific responsibilities for each team member, establishing standard layouts and traffic flows, and providing situational simulation and team resource management training. Result: After the intervention, the resuscitation performance completion rate had risen to 91.6% from the pre-intervention rate of 69.1%. This has since further risen to a relatively constant completion rate of 98.1%. Conclusions: The implementation of the team resource management and situational simulation training intervention in our ED improved both the resuscitation completion rate and the rate of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Problems: The ext racorporeal membrane oxygenat ion (ECMO) system can provide cardiopulmonary support to and reduce the mortality rate in severely ill newborns. According to our investigation, completion rate of the care process among staff nurses was only 63.5% in our ward. We assumed that the reasons for the above problems included: lack of care awareness, unfamiliarity with the ECMO operation process, inadequate instruments preparation, improper ECMO pipeline fixation, lack of designated space in the unit for placing ECMO supplies, lack of specialty care guidelines, lack of a regular inspection system, and lack of regular on-the-job education. Purpose: Improve awareness related to assisting ECMO placement among nurses in the neonatal intensive care unit and the completeness of care. Resolutions: 1. Create a care process guidebook describing the procedures for ECMO system placement in newborns to help nurse accomplish proper placement. 2. Establish the ECMO system consumables checklist and install an ECMO system-specialized toolbox to reduce the preparation time and smooth the process. 3. Regularly organize comprehensive nurse training and develop performance indicators to enhance ECMO system placement awareness and skills. Results: The cognitive accuracy rate for the assisted placement of ECMO among nurses in the neonatal intensive care unit increased from 51.9% before improvement to 89.9% afterward. Also, the complete care rate of ECMO placement increased from 63.5% before improvement to 100% afterward. Conclusion: This project effectively improved the accuracy rate of nurses involved in assisting with ECMO placement, made the ECMO system placement process easier to implement, improved the care process completion rate, and improved newborn care quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Problems: Nutrition is very important for premature infants. Our recent research showed that the accuracy of recognition related to tube feeding was 74.8%, and the completeness of tube feeding was 74.3%. After analyzing this situation, the reasons found to be significantly associated with the low rates of tube-feeding recognition accuracy and completion included: inconsistent treatment of gastric residual by nurses in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), lack of sufficient assessment tools in the NICU, out-of-date specialist care guidelines, and lack of a regular inspection system. Purpose: Our aim was to improve tube-feeding-related recognition accuracy and completion to reduce the incidence of feeding intolerance. Resolutions: The intervention included developing a guideline manual for feeding procedures and making a gastric residual color card as a clinical-care reference. Holding on-the-job training and monitoring the quality of nursing care can reduce the incidence of feeding intolerance in preterm. Results: The accuracy of tube-feeding recognition increased from 74.8% to 93.7%. The completion of tube feeding increased from 74.3% to 95.5%. The incidence of feeding intolerance in premature infants decreased from 71.8% to 39.0%. Conclusions: The results and process of this project provides a reference for improving the clinical care model for preterm infants in the NICU and for improving the enteral nutrition of preterm infants. The implementation of this project may improve the quality of nursing care and enable preterm infants to receive safer and more-complete care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Problems: The most effective treatment currently available for perinatal asphyxia-induced hypoxicischemic encephalopathy is therapeutic hypothermia, which reduces the mortality rate and neurological disorders in newborns. The earlier this therapy is performed, the better the protective effects on the nerves of the patient. In our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), we discovered that nurses lack experience caring for patients undergoing hypothermia therapy due to the limited number of cases. In addition, outdated guidelines, the disorganized placement of equipment, and the paucity of hands-on simulations exacerbate the unfamiliarity of the nurses with this therapy. Purpose: To expand the knowledge of nurses regarding therapeutic hypothermia in the NICU and to increase the rate of completion of the therapeutic hypothermia procedure. Resolutions: 1. Regular care training programs and scenario-based simulations were conducted to help nurses obtain related knowledge and become more familiar with therapeutic hypothermia. 2. In order to reduce the preparation time, a specific preparation kit and an instruction folder for therapeutic hypothermia was developed that included a material placement checklist. 3. The procedure guidance booklet for therapeutic hypothermia was revised and a monitoring system was established. Results: The accuracy of nurses' knowledge regarding therapeutic hypothermia in the NICU improved from 82.0% to 94.5%. The completion rate for the therapeutic hypothermia procedure rose from 75.6% to 100.0%. Conclusions: This project successfully enhanced the accuracy of nurses' knowledge regarding therapeutic hypothermia and increased the rate of completion for this care procedure, resulting in a safer and more-standardized procedure for neonates undergoing therapeutic hypothermia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Problems: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common healthcare-associated infection in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The average VAP infection density was 4.7‰ in our unit between June and August 2015. The results of a status survey indicated that in-service education lacked specialization, leading to inadequate awareness among staffs regarding the proper care of newborns with VAP and a lack of related care guides. This, in turn, resulted in inconsistencies in care measures for newborns with VAP. Purpose: To improve the accuracy of implementation of preventive measures for VAP among medical staffs and reduce the density of VAP infections in the NICU. Resolutions: Conduct a literature search and adopt medical team resources management methods; establish effective team communication; establish monitoring mechanisms and incentives; establish mandatory in-service specialization education contents and a VAP preventive care guide exclusively for newborns as a reference for medical staffs during care execution; install additional equipment and aids and set reminders to ensure the implementation of VAP preventive measures. Results: The accuracy rate of preventive measure execution by medical staffs improved from 70.1% to 97.9% and the VAP infection density in the NICU decreased from 4.7‰ to 0.52‰. Conclusions: Team integration effectively improved the accuracy of implementation of VAP-prevention measures, reduced the density of VAP infections, enhanced quality of care, and ensured that newborns received care that was more in line with specialization needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the progress and innovation of technology, the uses of computers and the Internet have become much easier and have gained its popularity. The variety of social interaction and business behavior gradually move from real lives to the virtual Internet world. Thanks to the convenience the Internet has brought, shopping is no longer confined to time and ground. As to on-line shopping, in addition to the quality of the product itself, designing and decorating the website would be a key feature that makes it stand out in the keen competition. Therefore, web aesthetics is a crucial issue. The two main purposes of this research are: 1. To investigate the relationship between the web aesthetics cognition of on-line shopping users and e-loyalty. 2. To define the moderating roles between the relationship of web aesthetics cognition of on-line shopping users and e-loyalty. 326 valid copies were collected. The research result shows that the appropriate layout aesthetics has a significant impact on e-loyalty, and space-time convenience motivation plays the moderating role between the relationship of web aesthetics cognition of on-line shopping users and e-loyalty. It is expected that the research result could provide the enterprises references when they design the appropriate website to enhance the e-loyalty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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High nurse turnover rates and the related rise in patient-to-nurse ratios correlate with the integrity and maturity of nursing organizations and patient safety issues. Previous studies indicate bullying among nurses to be significantly related to high turnover rates and to impact negatively on the physical and mental health of nurses. The situation has been severe enough to lead to nurse suicides (Yildirim & Yildirim, 2007). In light of such, the International Council of Nurses (ICN) reviewed the literature about nursing workplace bullying and proclaimed the importance of fostering a positive work environment in 2007. Most studies on nursing workplace bullying have focused on western societies. In order to clarify the state of nursing bullying in Taiwan, this paper worked to summarize observations in the literature regarding the causes of and management strategies for nursing workplace bullying in order to increase the attention of nursing managers and staff toward this issue. The authors hope that this article may help raise awareness and both prevent nursing workplace bullying and reduce currently high turnover rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study investigated the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA)/chitosan (CS)-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) composite coatings on titanium surfaces, as well as on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts., Methods: HA/CS-TGF-β1 composite coatings were prepared on titanium surfaces by physical, chemical, and biological modifications. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and other methods were employed to analyze the chemical composition and surface topography of the composite coatings. CCK-8 and immunofluorescence assays were used to analyze the effects of the coatings on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts., Results: HA/CS-TGF-β1 composite coatings were successfully prepared. Their contact angle was almost zero. These composite coatings were applied in vitro, with a drug released early and a burst release effect. The growth of osteoblasts was not inhibited on it and it had obvious promoting effect on the adhesion and early proliferation of osteoblasts., Conclusion: The composite coatings significantly promote the adhesion and early proliferation of osteoblasts in vitro. This finding shows that the proposed method demonstrates a good prospective application in surface modification of titanium.