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As the negative electrode material of lithium-ion battery, silicon will produce huge volume expansion when it is removed/embedded in lithium, so that it will pulverize itself, resulting in rapid capacity decay. Existing studies have shown that Si nanocrystallization and alloying can alleviate the crushing effect caused by volume deformation. In order to efficiently prepare nano-sized Si-Sn powder materials, plasma arc was used as a heat source to nano-size Si, and then nano-alloying of Si-Sn powder materials was realized by plasma arc. The effects of plasma current on the preparation characteristics of Si and Si-Sn nano-powder materials were studied. The prepared phase was detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical properties of silicon nanowires as anode materials were detected by battery test system and electrochemical workstation. The results show that the use of plasma arc can achieve efficient preparation of silicon nanowires, and the addition of low melting point Sn is beneficial to the homogenization of the diameter scale of silicon nanowires. The efficiency of the two groups of silicon nanowires can be maintained at about 90% after the third charge-discharge cycle. The addition of Sn can further improve the conductivity and stability of the silicon anode. After 60 cycles, the specific capacity of the battery is 117.5 mAh/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tin is one of the few rare metals with important strategic position in our country' but the technical limitations of the comprehensive utilization have led to the increasing scarcity of in ore resources' the large loss rate of useful components' and the increase in the amount of tailings over the years. Tailings not only occupy a lot of land' but also pollute the surrounding environment. Therefore, it has great significance of the green utilization of tin tailings resources to ensure the safety of tin mineral resources in China. In this paper, the current situation and characteristics of tin tailings resources at home and abroad was in reduced. It was summarized that it the key of secondary benefication of the in tailings is to solve the influence of sulfide minerals iron and manganese mineras and slime on comprehensive recovery of tine cassiterite and co-associated valuable components. Meanwhile, the technological characteristics and cases of tin tailings research status are also summarized. At present, the main methods to re-use tin tailings include recovery valuable metals by gravity separation, magnetic separation, flotation and combined beneficiation and metallurgy, used tailings as building materials or mining tailings as a whole, and treated waste stone containing tin as a special tailings to pre-concentrated. The common collectors and regulators of cassiterite flotation and their action mechanism were summarized. The researches which should be strengthen in the future were proposed, including enhancing the recovery of tine cassiterite, enhancing the new gravity separation equipment of cassiterite separation, enhancing the development of new green reagents, and enhancing development of new flotation equipment. The future development trend based on the research hot topic was proposed, with a view to providing reference for the green and efficient utilization of in tailings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industrial Minerals & Processing / Huagong Kuangwu yu Jiagong is the property of Industrial Minerals & Processing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Because of the complex composition of tungsten tailings and low tin content in the tailings, the traditional titration analysis method and colorimetric analysis method are easily interfered by tungsten, copper and other elements, resulting in unsatisfactory results. In this paper, sodium peroxide was used to melt tungsten tailings sample, water leaching, hydroxide precipitation separation of most of the interference elements, supernatant liquid acidification, atomic fluorescence spectrometry was used for determination, which solved the problem of insufficient sensitivity, eliminated the influence of coexisting tungsten, copper and other elements on the determination of tin, and established the accurate determination of tin in tungsten tailings by atonic fluorescence spectrometry. At the same time, the influences of sample treatment method, determination of solution acidity, thiourea-ascorbic acid mixed reducing agent and potassium borohydride concentration on the determination of tin by atonic fluorescence spectrometry were investigated, and the determination parameters of atomic fluorescence spectrometry were optimized. The relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 7) of the determination of tin was less than 5%. The tungsten ore composition analysis standard substance with tungsten content similar to that in tungsten tailings was used for method verification. The absolute value of the relative error was LESS than 5%, and the recovery rate was 94.5%-108%. This method for determining in in tungsten tailings has the advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity, less interference, high accuracy and low cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sparation and recovery of tin, zinc and cadmium from tin smelting dust by sulfuric acid leaching--removing arsenic with oxidation hydrolysis--replacing cadmium with zinc powder were studied. And the effects of various factors on the sparation and recovery were investigated. The results show that the leaching rates of Zn and Cd are 93.25% and 89.35%, respectively, and the leaching rates of Sn are less than 0.1% under the conditions of initial sulfuric acid concentration of 15%, liquid volume to solid mass ratio of 3:1, leaching time of 120 min and leaching temperature of 90 °C. When the amount of hydrogen peroxide is 2% and the control end point pH is 5, the mass concentration of As in the leaching solution can decrease to 0.1 mg/L after arsenic removal. Under the conditions of reaction temperature of 60 °C, dosage of zinc powder 1.0 times of the theoretical amount, stirring speed of 250 r/min and reaction time of 30 min, sponge cadmium with cadmium content above 95% is obtained. The process can realize efficient recovery and utilization of valuable metals in tin smelting dust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effect of magnesium on TiN liquid precipitation in titanium microalloyed steel, the steel was melted in a vacuum induction furnace. The changes in inclusion composition and size in magnesium‑treated steel at different billet positions were analyzed by SEM-EDS and imaging software and were compared with untreated steel. FactSage software was used to calculate inclusion formation. The results revealed that TiN inclusions form in the liquid phase at the solidification front. Higher nitrogen content increases TiN precipitation temperature and amount, and affects Ti4C2S2 and MnS precipitation. Without magnesium treatment, the average sizes of TiN are 2. 48 and 2. 11 μm in the quarter and center of slab, respectively. After magnesium treatment, the sizes decrease to 1. 50, 1. 45, 1. 48, and 1. 38 μm, respectively, with increased number density. Traces of Mg enable the stable existence of MgO·Al2O3, serving as TiN solidification cores, aiding dispersion and reducing the formation of large-size TiN during steel cooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Sn-Bi eutectic alloys with four different Bi compositions (45%, 50%, 55%, and 60%) were studied under free solidification. The crystal growth mechanism of Sn-Bi eutectic alloys and the effect of Bi content on the microstructure of the alloy were investigated. The results showed that the microstructure of as-cast Sn-Bi eutectic alloys consists of primary solid solution phase of Sn and clusters of Sn/Bi eutectic lamellae. With increasing Bi content, the quantity of primary Sn phase with dendritic growth morphology decreased, while its size increased. A large amount of rod-like or dot-like Bi phase precipitated from the solid solution phase of primary Sn, forming a rod-like eutectic structure. In the as-cast microstructure of Sn-Bi hypereutectic alloys, it consists of primary Bi phase and clusters of Sn/Bi eutectic lamellae. The primary Bi phase does not dissolve Sn elements, and it grows in a small plate-like manner, surrounded by a layer of Sn halo phase. At room temperature, the hardness and strength of Sn-Bi eutectic alloys increase with increasing Bi content, while the elongation first increases and then decreases with increasing Bi content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using light gathering technology E5000, are direct reading emission spectrometry is commonly used to measure the contents of silver, boron and tin in geochemical survey samples. The best experimental conditions are that the current of 5 A in the pre-combustion phase keeps 10 s and the current of 14 A in the excitation phase keeps 42 s; integrating time 25 s; on the electricity is very flat head round shape, under the electricity is very fine neck cup; germanium is the internal standard element. The limits of detection of silver, boron and tin were 〇. 016, 〇. 95, 〇.32 |xg/g, respectively. The precision was less than 10%, and the test results were all within the range of standard values. This experimental method has the advantages of simple operation, short test period and little pollution. It is worthy to be popularized when testing the content of silver, boron and tin in geochemical investigation samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous evolution and development, smelting technology has gradually matured. After the tungsten is extracted through the smelting process, a large amount of tungsten smelting slag is piled up, which has a negative impact on human production and life. The composition of tungsten smelting slag is complex, and there is leaching agent remaining on the surface, which is rich in valuable metals, so the selection of suitable process to recover the valuable metals in tungsten smelting slag can not only reduce the solid waste emission, reduce the pollution of soil and water resources, but also improve the resource utilization rate of valuable metals and reduce the cost of tungsten smelting slag treatment. The reduction, environmental protection and resource treatment of tungsten smelting slag are the key parts of carbon emission reduction in the tungsten industry. The recovery of metal tin out of a mixed tungsten smelting slag from treatment of wolframite and scheelite was experimentally studied. In this slag about 87.59% of the tin in the tungsten smelting slag was distributed in the -0.045 mm particle size, which was difficult to sort. The Knelsen vertical centrifugal separator was selected as the roughing equipment, and the optimal conditions for the roughing process were determined by step-by-step optimization experiments, which were 78.15% -0.038 mm of the grinding fineness, 15% of the feed concentration, 90 G/s of separation cone speed, and 2.60 L/min of backflush water flow. In order to further improve the tin grade of the rough concentrate, the four selection methods were compared and tested, and finally with the gravity separation process of "one roughing and one cleaning centrifugal separation, shaking table and centrifugal separation after classification", under the feed concentration 15%, the speed of the separation cone 90 G/s and the backflush water flow rate 2.75 L/min, the tin grade of tin concentrate was 4.03% and the tin recovery was 52.41%, which realized the effective recovery of valuable metal tin in tungsten smelting slag, and provided a certain reference for the reduction and resource utilization of the tungsten smelting slag. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The resistance along the transportation path of the paste pipeline is one of the key factors affecting pipeline design and filling quality in the mining area. This article uses fluent to establish a geometric model of pipeline transportation similar to the actual loop experimental system. Analyze the relationship between resistance losses along different pipelines and the influence of paste ratio parameters on resistance losses along the pipeline. Research has shown that; the velocity and pressure of the paste at the bend in the pipeline undergo sharp changes, with the pressure and velocity on the outer side of the bend being significantly greater than on the inner side, showing a significant gradient. There is a significant gradient in velocity and pressure in the radial direction of the horizontal pipe section, which is characterized by structural flow and is divided into a plunger flow zone and a boundary layer zone. In the pipeline transportation of paste, there is a boundary effect on the velocity and pressure of the paste inside the pipeline. As the flow rate increases, the pipeline resistance increases; As the mass concentration of the paste increases, the resistance loss along the pipeline increases. As the yield stress and plastic viscosity increase, the resistance loss along the way also increases, obtaining the pressure loss of the paste in the horizontal section of different material compositions, pipeline inner diameters, and pipeline flow rates, providing a basis for the selection of the final transport pump and filling pipeline in Datun Tin Mine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The test raw materials for this study are from a tin tailings in Yunnan. The tin grade in the tailings is 0.35%, which is the main valuable element. Cassiterite accounts for 72.39% of the total tin mineral, the yield of -0.02 mm are as high as 67.11%, and the tin occupation is 68.00%. It is difficult to recover by traditional flotation and shaking table processes. In view of the high content of fine particles in the tailings, the centrifugal gravity separation method is chosen for the process. With the centrifugal gravity separation process, a crude tin concentrate with a tin grade of 1.27% and an operating recovery of 70% can be obtained by one stage of rough separation; The tin concentrate with a tin grade of 4.11% and a recovery of 54.10% can be obtained by adopting the process of one roughing and two cleaning. The combined process of centrifugal gravity separation (one rougher and one cleaner) + shaking table (secondary cleaner) can obtain a tin concentrate with a tin grade of 17.57% and a recovery of 17.25%. The results show that the full centrifugal gravity separation process can be used to obtain tin concentrate with high recovery; In order to obtain high-grade tin concentrate products, the combined process of centrifugation and shaking table can be used. Finally, the appropriate process can be determined according to the actual needs, which realizes the further development and utilization of cassiterite in the tailings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electroplating & Finishing is the property of Electroplating & Finishing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An environmentally friendly organic solderability preservative (OSP, coded as SX-04) with excellent performance was synthesized using rosin and imidazole compounds as main film-forming substance with ethanol and isopropanol as solvent. The homemade OSP SX-04 had better stability than the imported counterpart YF-08. When being stored in atmospheric environment, the color of SX-04 didn't change and no precipitation was formed in it until the 25th day, and its pH varied little after 30 days. The corrosion resistance, heat resistance, and weldability of tin coating after being treated with SX-04 and YF-08 respectively were compared by neutral salt spray test, dry and humid aging tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and Tafel plot measurement. The results showed that the specimen treated with SX-04 had better comprehensive properties than that treated with YF-08. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry / Zhongguo Wuji Fenxi Huaxue is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effect of fatty alcohol ethoxylate propoxylate additive JFC-SF on the electrodeposition behavior of tin in a weakly acidic electrolyte comprising SnCl2⋅2H2O 0.1 mol/L and Na3C6H5O7⋅2H2O 0.20 mol/L was studied by cyclic voltammetry. The effects of volume fraction of JFC-SF and current density on the current efficiency of tin electrodeposition and the morphology and phase structure of Sn coating were studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that JFC-SF can increase the cathodic polarization of tin electrodeposition. A smooth, uniform, and compact Sn coating can be obtained by electroplating with 4 mL/L of JFC-SF at current density ranging from 0.6 to 1.2 A/dm². [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a typical metal-sulfide compound, tin diselenide (SnSe2) exhibits excellent performance in the fields of solar cells, supercapacitors and photovoltaic devices. SnSe2 nanosheets (SnSe2-OAM (oleylamine as solvent) and SnSe2-OAC (oleic acid as solvent)) were prepared using stannic chloride pentahydrate (SnCl4•5H2O) and selenium dioxide (SeO2) as raw materials by solvothermic method. The structures and morphologies of SnSe2-OAm and SnSe2-OAc were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser Raman spectrometer, etc, and their sodium storage behaviors in sodium ion batteries were tested. The results show that, compared with SnSe2-OAc, SnSe2-OAm has a thinner nanosheet structure, which is more conducive to electron transport. Compared with the button half battery based on SnSe2-OAc, the button half battery based on SnSe2-OAm has a smaller charge transfer resistance (around 238 Ω) and a higher initial capacity (191 mAh/g), which demonstrate SnSe2-OAm is a potential negative electrode material for sodium ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry / Zhongguo Wuji Fenxi Huaxue is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry / Zhongguo Wuji Fenxi Huaxue is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electroplating & Finishing is the property of Electroplating & Finishing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The grade ol valuable elements in the secondary resource tin tailings of Yunnan Tin Company is low, and the main target minerals tungsten and tin reach the level of 1tdouble zero", considering that the value of target elements in comprehensive recovery is limited. It is necessary to carry out pre-discarding and recovery ol iron minerals in order to reduce the interference ol coarse size and iron minerals on subsequent operations, and save the cost ol subsequent separation. Test studies on screening pre-discarding, low intensity magnetic separation and high intensity magnetic separation ol tin tailings were carried out The test results showed that when the sieve size was 0. 150 mm, the magnetic lield intensity of the magnetic drum was 0. 12 T. The magnetic field intensity ol high gradient magnetic separator was 0. 4 T, pulp flow was 12 L/min, pulsation impulse 200 times/min, magnetic medium was 3. 0 mm. The coarse grade removal rate was 12. 64%, low intensity magnetic separation Fe concentrate grade 54. 83% with a recovery ol 4. 83%, high intensity magnetic separation Fe concentrqte grade 42. 52% with a recovery ol 8. 26% were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrode made of transparent semiconductor indium tin oxide (ITO) can reduce the edge current crowding effect of photoconductive semiconductor switches and improve the utilization of pulse laser. In this paper, 10 nm Ti and TiN layer were inserted into the interface between ITO and GaN, and the influences of Ti and TiN layer on the Ohmic contact performance between ITO and GaN were studied. I-V test results show that with the increase of the annealing temperature, the GaN photoconductive semiconductor switch with Ti insertion layer changes from Ohmic contact to Schottky contact, while the photoconductive semiconductor switch with TiN insertion layer keeps Ohmic contact characteristics. TEM observation shows that when Ti is used as the insertion layer, ITO diffuses through the insertion layer to the interface between the insertion layer and GaN, resulting in the formation of Ti oxide and holes at the interface. The transmission spectra show that the transmittance of samples with Ti insertion layer is less than 38.3% at different annealing temperatures, while the transmittance is 38.8% ~55.0% when TiN is used as the insertion layer. Therefore, the photoconductive semiconductor switch containing TiN insertion layer shows a higher thermal stability and transmittance, which provides reference for the application of GaN photoconductive semiconductor switch in the field of high temperature and high power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to find out the mineralization of tin and copper polymetallic ore in Gaofengshan ore section of the Gejiu mining area in Yunnan, and whether the main elements Sn, Cu, Pb, Zn, W, etc. in the ore body can be recycled. In this paper, the typical ore controlling zone of the Gaofengshan ore block, the granite body depression zone, is sampled and the ore body exposed by the pit drilling is made into thin slices, and the detailed mineral and result observation is carried out under the microscope, to find out the mineral composition, symbiotic relationship, generation sequence, and occurrence form, and at the same time, the quantitative analysis of the ore chemical element properties of all samples is carried out. The analysis elements and composition mainly include: Sn, Cu, Pb, Zn, and WO3, Then the R type cluster analysis was performed by SPSS statistical software. The research results indicate that the tin copper polymetallic ore in the Gaofengshan ore block is the result of multi period and multi stage hydro thermal co location superposition mineralization, and the elements such as Sn, Cu, Pb, Zn, and W are mainly produced in the form of independent minerals, which are easy to dissociate, and are conducive to beneficiation and recovery. It provides basic geological data for the comprehensive evaluation work, the development of the ore mining plan, and the development of a comprehensive recovery and beneficiation process in the future production and exploration process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1 g/L of different non-ionic surfactants i.e. BNO, bone glue, and sesbania gum and anionic surfactants i.e. NES, polyacrylamide (PAM), and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) were added individually to an electrolyte composed of 120 g/L methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and 10 g/L Sn2+ for electrodeposition of tin. The effects of the six kinds of surfactants on the electrodeposition behavior of tin in the MSA electrolyte, and the phase structure, surface morphology, and weldability of the tin coating obtained therefrom were studied by cyclic voltammetry, contact angle measurement, Hull cell testing, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and weldability testing. The results showed that all of the six surfactants can greatly improve the cathodic current efficiency and wettability of the electrolyte to copper substrate and the deposition rate of tin coating. Except for PAM, the said surfactants can inhibit the hydrogen evolution effectively. The electrolyte containing the anionic surfactant NES exhibited the best throwing power, the highest current efficiency, and the fastest deposition rate. The tin coating electroplated from it was smooth, fine-grained, and compact with the characteristic X-ray diffraction peaks of crystal planes (211), (112), and (321), and featured the best weldability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to obtain the full spectrum information of the sample, improve the resolution and sensitivity, and save materials and reagents, an upgraded CCD-1 photoelectric direct reading emission spectrometer was adopted, and the mixture of potassium pyrosulfate, sodium fluoride, alumina, carbon and germanium dioxide was used as the spectrum buffer. When the ratio of the sample to the spectrum buffer was 1 : 1, it was evenly mixed and compacted in the lower electrode, and the problem of sampling was solved by opening a side hole in the lower electrode. At the same time, the selection of upper electrode specifications was investigated, the excitation current and exposure time were optimized, and an analytical method for the determination of trace silver, boron and tin in geochemical samples by solid sampling-CCD photoelectric direct reading emission spectrometry was established. The results showed that the excitation current wass 5 A for 3 s in the pre-combustion stage, and 14 A for 35 s in the excitation stage. The interference spectrum could be corrected accurately, the background was deducted automatically, and the baseline fluctuation of the sample was observed in real time. The calibration curve was drawn by using synthetic silicate reference materials for spectral analysis. The detection limits (3S) of silver, boron and tin in the six national first-class reference materials were 0. 01, 0. 55 and 0. 12 mg/kg respectively, and the relative standard deviations (w=12) were 2. 4%--8. 7%, 5. 8%--9. 4%, and 5. 2%--8. 7% respectively. The measured values were consistent with the standard values, and all the indexes of the method met the requirements of "Quality Management Standard for Laboratory Testing of Geology and Mineral Resources" (DZ/T 0130.4--2006). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yixingzhai Gold Deposit is the largest gold deposit in Shanxi Province. The practical problems urgently to be solved are to explore the deep ore genesis potentials and identify developed concealed ore bodies. With a comprehensive understanding of mineralization characteristics, controlling factors, and ore genesis, the primary halo geochemical method of deposits was utilized to conduct deep mineral exploration prediction research on the Tietang- dong ore section of the Yixingzhai Gold Deposit. The primary halo anomaly shows that there are 2 main anomaly centers for Au at elevations of 400 m to 550 m and 0 m, with the largest scale of gold mineralization near the 0 m elevation. The anomaly area is exactly the inferred range of the ore body. The element axial zoning sequence of the primary halo from top to bottom was obtained as follows: Sb - Mn - Mo - W - Ni - B - Sn - P - Au - Hg - Cr - Co- Cu - Pb - Zn - Ag – Bi – As – Ba. Therefore, it is believed that the Tietangdong ore section has good prospecting potential in the deep. It is speculated that there may be a large-scale ore shoot near the elevation from 400 m to 500 m. The prediction results have been verified through drilling recently deployed, and an additional 8 tons of Au reserve have been added, providing reliable support for further prospecting work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mining & Metallurgy (10057854) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND The Xianghualing mining area in Hunan Province is an important part of the east-west tectonic-magmatic-metallogenic belt in the Nanling area.The ore-forming geological conditions in the mining area are superior, and it is famous for its many types of deposits and complex types of minerals.The tin-lead-zinc deposit in the Xianghualing mining area is a very important polymetallic deposit in the Nanling metallogenic belt.The ore types are mainly cassiterite sulfide tin ore, tin-lead-zinc ore and sulfide lead-zinc ore.Tin, lead and zinc are very important nonferrous metal elements.The abundance and variation characteristics of these three elements can reflect the regional metallogenic conditions, indicate the existence of deposits or mineralization, and are the important basis for studying the metallogenic model, deepening the understanding of the genesis of the deposit, and identifying the metallogenic control factors.Therefore, it is very necessary to accurately determine the content of tin, lead and zinc in the tin, lead and zinc deposits in the Xianghualing mining area, and it is important to study the regional metallogenic conditions The geological characteristics of the deposit, the occurrence state of elements, mineral processing and comprehensive utilization of non-ferrous metal minerals are of great significance.However, the average grades of tin, lead and zinc in the deposit are percentage contents and tin itself is a refractory element.Conventional open acid dissolution or closed acid dissolution in the dissolution of high content of tin, lead and zinc in the ore will have the disadvantages of incomplete digestion and easy precipitation of the solution, resulting in serious low determination results.However, alkali fusion is more capable of decomposing minerals than acid dissolution.As long as the appropriate alkali fusion reagent, temperature and time are optimized, some high content of inorganic elements, even insoluble elements, can be completely decomposed, which is an ideal method of mineral decomposition pretreatment. OBJECTIVES To rapidly and accurately determine the concentrations of tin, lead and zinc in high contents of tin, lead and zinc samples of a tin-lead-zinc deposit in the Xianghualing mining area, Hunan Province. METHODS Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) with alkali fusion was used to determine the levels of tin, lead and zinc.The selection of alkali fusion reagent, reagent dosage, alkali fusion temperature and time as well as the plasma excitation conditions, element spectral lines, button background position and other instrumental determination conditions were optimized.The effects of three kinds of fluxes: sodium hydroxide, anhydrous sodium carbonate and sodium peroxide were compared. RESULTS The measured value of tin was greatly affected by the alkali flux.Under the flux of sodium hydroxide or anhydrous sodium carbonate, the measured value of tin was low, while the measured value of tin was consistent with the standard value under the flux of sodium peroxide.Based on the comparison of the effects of various fluxes on the analysis results, sodium peroxide was selected as the flux, melting at a constant temperature of 750℃ for 20 minutes, and acidification with 20mL of hydrochloric acid after 30mL of boiling water extraction to ensure the complete decomposition of the sample.The calibration series was prepared with blank alkali melt solution as the medium, so that the calibration series matched the sample matrix and eliminated the influence of matrix interference.The national first-class geochemical reference materials were used for method quality evaluation, and the results showed that the absolute value of the logarithmic difference between the measured value and the certified value of the reference material was less than 0.04.The detection limits of the method for tin, lead and zinc were 13.60μg/g, 36.45μg/g and 53.83μg/g, respectively.The precision of the method was better than 8%.The determination range of the calibration curve was between 0 to 100μg/mL. CONCLUSIONS Due to the use of alkali fusion method and blank alkali fusion solution as the standard preparation medium, this method is suitable for the determination of high contents of tin, lead and zinc in cassiterite-sulfide type tin ores, tin-lead-zinc ores, and sulfide type lead-zinc ores, and it has good application prospects.At present, this method has been successfully applied to the analysis of actual samples in the Xianghualing mining area, Hunan Province, with satisfactory results.

Copyright of Nonferrous Metals (Mineral Processing Section) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics is the property of Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Petroleum Refinery Engineering is the property of Petroleum Refinery Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hydrometallurgy of China is the property of Hydrometallurgy of China Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mining & Metallurgy (10057854) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Tin is widely distributed in the crust, and more than 20 kinds of tin minerals are known, mainly in the form of cassiterite SnO2 . Cassiterite is insoluble in hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and aqua regia. Even when sulfuric acid is heated for a long time or treated with hydrofluoric acid-sulfuric acid, only a small part of it is dissolved. Therefore, for the analysis of tin ore, the alkali fusion method is usually used for sample pretreatment. The determination methods of tin in ore include polarography, spectrophotometry, hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry, emission spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry ( ICP -MS). The selection of these methods mainly depends on the characteristics of the ore itself and the content of tin, but also depends on the operating conditions, the selection of reagents and other objective factors. The ICP-OES has high sensitivity,a wide linear range and low matrix effect, which can not only be used to simultaneously determine the main and secondary elements of tin ore, but also has good precision and reproducibility, and can greatly improve the test efficiency. However, when the elemental contents are determined by ICP -OES, traditional sodium peroxide or other oxidizing fluxes introduce a large amount of salts, and the solution after acidification and extraction needs to be further separated or diluted, which not only affects the accuracy of the analysis and the determination limit of lower content elements, but also causes the signal to decrease and cause damage to the instrument during the long-term determination. Lithiummetaborate is a non-oxidizing flux with high melting point and has strong resolution. Since Ingamells reported in 1964 that lithium metaborate is a good flux, it has been successfully applied in the decomposition of soil, silicate rocks, and even some refractory rock and mineral samples. In this study, the analysis of the elemental contents of tin ores are attempted, which are fused by lithium metaborate and measured by ICP-OES. OBJECTIVES: To develop a method for simultaneous determination of Sn, W, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn in tin ores which is decomposed by lithium metaborate and determined by ICP-OES. METHODS: Lithium metaborate, a non - oxidizing flux with a high melting point, was used to replace the traditional sodium peroxide and other oxidizing fluxes to melt the sample. After ultrasonic water treatment, Sn, W, Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn of tin ores were determined by ICP -OES. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX) was used to observe the morphological characteristics of the sample molten beads under different flux amounts and analyze the elemental content in the molten beads. It was found that the surface structure of molten beads changed from loose and brittle to fine and compact with the proportion of flux to sample from small to large. When the ratio of flux to sample reached 7 ∶ 1, the surface morphology of the molten bead had no obvious change. When the ratio of flux to sample was 8 ∶ 1, the Boron element was detected on the surface of the molten bead, indicating that the flux was excessive at this time. In this way the optimal ratio of flux and sample was finally determined. RESULTS: The optimal ratio of flux to sample was 7 ∶ 1, the sample was melted at 1000℃ and extracted by 5% nitric acid solution. The method precision ( RSD) was 1. 20% - 8. 06% by determination of tin ore standard substance GBW07281. The method detection limit was 0. 0012%-0. 0098%. Each element was compared by this method with classical chemical analysis methods and the relative error was within 7%. CONCLUSIONS: The content of tin, tungsten, zinc, copper, iron and manganese in tin ore is determined by ICP-OES method by means of matrix matching. There is no obvious interference between the elements to be measured. The sample pretreatment is simple, the molten salt extraction is fast, the analysis cost is low, and the environmental pollution is small. The method meets the requirement of content analysis of tin, tungsten, zinc, copper, iron and manganese in tin ore. Compared with the traditional chemical analysis method, this method is more convenient, saves a lot of time and cost, and is easy to master. SEM-EDX is used to observe and analyze the morphology characteristics and composition content of sample residue and bead under different flux amounts, which provides a theoretical basis for determining the optimal ratio of flux and sample. The low result of lead in the experiment may be due to the high melting temperature of lithium metaborate and the low melting point of lead oxide, which can be further studied in future work. The limitations of a single instrument in detection sensitivity, resolution, analysis rate and efficiency can be solved by the combination of a variety of analysis means, to obtain more abundant information and accurate results, which is one of the most important directions in the development of modern instrument technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The Xianghualing mining area in Hunan Province is an important part of the east-west tectonic -magmatic-metallogenic belt in the Nanling area. The ore-forming geological conditions in the mining area are superior, and it is famous for its many types of deposits and complex types of minerals. The tin-lead-zinc deposit in the Xianghualing mining area is a very important polymetallic deposit in the Nanling metallogenic belt. The ore types are mainly cassiterite sulfide tin ore, tin-lead-zinc ore and sulfide lead-zinc ore. Tin, lead and zinc are very important nonferrous metal elements. The abundance and variation characteristics of these three elements can reflect the regional metallogenic conditions, indicate the existence of deposits or mineralization, and are the important basis for studying the metallogenic model, deepening the understanding of the genesis of the deposit, and identifying the metallogenic control factors. Therefore, it is very necessary to accurately determine the content of tin, lead and zinc in the tin, lead and zinc deposits in the Xianghualing mining area, and it is important to study the regional metallogenic conditions The geological characteristics of the deposit, the occurrence state of elements, mineral processing and comprehensive utilization of non-ferrous metal minerals are of great significance. However, the average grades of tin, lead and zinc in the deposit are percentage contents and tin itself is a refractory element. Conventional open acid dissolution or closed acid dissolution in the dissolution of high content of tin, lead and zinc in the ore will have the disadvantages of incomplete digestion and easy precipitation of the solution, resulting in serious low determination results. However, alkali fusion is more capable of decomposing minerals than acid dissolution. As long as the appropriate alkali fusion reagent, temperature and time are optimized, some high content of inorganic elements, even insoluble elements, can be completely decomposed, which is an ideal method of mineral decomposition pretreatment. OBJECTIVES: To rapidly and accurately determine the concentrations of tin, lead and zinc in high contents of tin, lead and zinc samples of a tin-lead-zinc deposit in the Xianghualing mining area, Hunan Province. METHODS: Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) with alkali fusion was used to determine the levels of tin, lead and zinc. The selection of alkali fusion reagent, reagent dosage, alkali fusion temperature and time as well as the plasma excitation conditions, element spectral lines, button background position and other instrumental determination conditions were optimized. The effects of three kinds of fluxes: sodium hydroxide, anhydrous sodium carbonate and sodium peroxide were compared. RESULTS: The measured value of tin was greatly affected by the alkali flux. Under the flux of sodium hydroxide or anhydrous sodium carbonate, the measured value of tin was low, while the measured value of tin was consistent with the standard value under the flux of sodium peroxide. Based on the comparison of the effects of various fluxes on the analysis results, sodium peroxide was selected as the flux, melting at a constant temperature of 750℃ for 20 minutes, and acidification with 20mL of hydrochloric acid after 30mL of boiling water extraction to ensure the complete decomposition of the sample. The calibration series was prepared with blank alkali melt solution as the medium, so that the calibration series matched the sample matrix and eliminated the influence of matrix interference. The national first-class geochemical reference materials were used for method quality evaluation, and the results showed that the absolute value of the logarithmic difference between the measured value and the certified value of the reference material was less than 0. 04. The detection limits of the method for tin, lead and zinc were 13. 60μg / g, 36. 45μg / g and 53. 83μg / g, respectively. The precision of the method was better than 8%. The determination range of the calibration curve was between 0 to 100μg / mL. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the use of alkali fusion method and blank alkali fusion solution as the standard preparation medium, this method is suitable for the determination of high contents of tin, lead and zinc in cassiterite-sulfide type tin ores, tin-lead-zinc ores, and sulfide type lead-zinc ores, and it has good application prospects. At present, this method has been successfully applied to the analysis of actual samples in the Xianghualing mining area, Hunan Province, with satisfactory results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nonferrous Metals (Mineral Processing Section) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan University of Science & Technology, Natural Science is the property of Editorial Office of Journal of Henan University of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The influence of the ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen in the protective gas on the haze of high alumina glass in the production process of float glass was studied by using different hydrogen and nitrogen ratios in the tin bath. The samples were characterized by SEM-EDS, spectrophotometer, glossiness meter and X-ray energy spectrum, and the causes of the haze in the float glass production process were analyzed, and countermeasure was proposed. The results show that when the content of hydrogen in the tin bath is too high or the ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen is high, the glass will appear haze. The main reason is that tin oxide will be reduced by hydrogen in the protective gas to form metallic tin and stay on the upper surface of the glass, resulting in haze on the glass surface and reducing the glossiness of the upper surface of the glass. By adjusting the content of hydrogen gas or the ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen, the haze problem can be effectively solved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to increase the wear resistance of copper alloy for architectural decoration, the effects of hard phase TiN concentration and heat treatment on the microstructure, phase composition, hardness and wear resistance of Ni-P electroless coating on copper alloy were studied. Results showed that the decorative copper alloy substrate was mainly composed of CuZn phase and CuZn5 phase, and the amorphous steamed bread peak of Ni and diffraction peak of CuZn could be seen on the surface of electroless coating. The microhardness of the electroless coating was higher than that of copper alloy substrate, and the microhardness of the electroless coating increased with the increase of TiN concentration. When the concentration of TiN was 3～11 g/L, the wear rate of the electroless coating was lower than that of the copper alloy substrate, the wear rate of the electroless coating was the lowest [1.15×10-8 g/(r·N)] when the TiN concentration was 7 g/L, and the wear mechanism was oxidation wear. After the heat treatment at 300～ 600 ℃, the electroless Cu-P-TiN coating was crystallized and formed Ni and Ni3P phases. With the increase of heat treatment temperature, the microhardness of the electroless coating first increased and then decreased, and the wear rate first decreased and then increased. When the heat treatment temperature was 400 ℃, the maximum hardness and minimum wear rate were obtained, indicated that the heat treatment would be helpful to improve the wear resistance of the electroless coating.

Copyright of Electroplating & Finishing is the property of Electroplating & Finishing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The preparation methods of methyltin were reviewed. Combined with the research status of methyltin compounds at home and abroad, the application of methyltin in chemical synthesis, surface metal-organic chemistry, tin film preparation, heat stabilizer, and other fields was introduced. Some limitations of methyltin compounds were pointed out, and the future development of methyltin compounds was prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of mass concentration of isophthalaldehyde on electrodeposition behavior of tin during electroplating in a methanesulfonic acid (MSA) bath and the properties of the tin coating obtained was studied by cyclic voltammetry, polarization curve measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that isophthalaldehyde could increase the cathode polarization for tin electroplating, facilitating the formation of a compact and bright coating. The current efficiency was up to 99.23%, the electrodeposition rate was 57.977 μm/h, and the tin coating obtained was uniform and compact with a strong texture of (220) crystal plane when electroplating with 0.10 g/L of isophthalaldehyde. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ke'eryin area in Sichuan province is one of the large rare metal ore concentration areas in the Songpan-Garze metallogenic belt. Numerous granite pegmatite dikes spread around the Ke'eryin mass. However, locating rare metal dikes in such a large pegmatite field has always been one of the challenges in this region. This paper summarized the geochemical element distribution in the Ke'eryin pegmatite and put forward geochemical indexes, e.g., characteristic element indexes, indicator indexes and grade indexes, to locate rare metal ore in the Ke'eryin area based on a systematic petrogeochemical analysis of two-mica granite, pegmatite microcline albite granite, different pegmatite types and typical deposits. Characteristic element indexes include Li, B, Sn, Rb, Be, Nb and Ta, etc. Indicator indexes for lateral variation are Cs, Tl, F, Zr, Y and ΣREE elements as well as values, e.g., TiO2/Ta, Zr/Hf, Ta/Zr, Nb/Ta, K/Na, etc., while indicator indexes for vertical variation include B, U, Zr, Be, Sn, Rb, Sr, Ba, Tl and In, etc. The variation in these indexes can be used to locate rare-metal-mineralized pegmatite, indicating ore bodies in a deep basin. Grade indexes are aluminum saturation index(A/CNK, A/NK)and rittmann index(o), etc. Li ore grade is positively correlated with aluminum saturation but is negatively correlated with alkalinity. Grade index variation is a good indicator of lithium enrichment in ore bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titanium is widely used in the manufacture of stainless steel due to its stabilizing ability of carbon and nitrogen, the pinning effect on grain growth, and strengthening effect, which are contributed by the formation of Ti(C, N) with different compositions, sizes, and distributions. Due to the excellent corrosion resistance, formability, and mechanical properties, Ti-bearing stainless steel is widely applied to daily life and priority industries, including petroleum, aerospace, nuclear power, and transportation. However, complex inclusions can be formed after Ti addition in the metallurgy process. Moreover, those inclusions have adverse effects on the metallurgy and the quality of stainless steel, including the clogging of the submerged entry nozzle, layered defects, and surface defects. Therefore, it is important to develop the metallurgy of Ti-stabilized stainless steel. This paper discussed and concluded the investigation development of Ti-bearing stainless steel regarding the fundamentals of metallurgy, the formation and control of oxides and TiN, heterogeneous nucleation, and the influence of Ti on the mechanical properties of stainless steel. First, oxides with high melting points, including Al2O3, spinel, and (MgO−Al2O3)rich−CaO−TiOx, generally cause the clogging of the submerged entry nozzle in the Ti-bearing stainless steel. The optimized addition of Al, Ca, and Ti, as well as the control of slag, can decrease the amount of oxides with a high melting point. Second, the formation and growth of TiN and complex TiN inclusions happen during the cooling and the solidification of the titanium-stabilized stainless steel, which can collide and aggregate to form TiN clusters. Moreover, macro-oxides can promote the formation of TiN clusters. However, TiN or complex TiN inclusions can also work as heterogeneous nuclei for δ-Fe during the solidification of stainless steel and promote the generation of an equiaxed fine-grain structure. In addition to forming compounds, titanium can present as a solid solution state in steel and promote the formation of ferrite in austenitic stainless steel or increase the ferrite fraction in duplex stainless steel with its strong ferrite forming ability, which is beneficial to the improvement of the mechanical properties of stainless steel casting.

All-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained significant attention due to their excellent photoelectricconversion efficiency and high stability. However, Pb-based perovskites are easily decomposed into toxic Pb compounds and are fatal to environment, which limit their further application. Despite the great effort carried out to substitute the Pb by a less hazardous element, lead-free perovskites still remain more unstable than lead-containing perovskites, and present lower performance as well. In this paper, Sn is used to partially replace Pb for obtaining all-inorganic tin-lead perovskite thin film, and salicylic acid is added for inhibiting the oxidation of Sn2 + to Sn4 +, so as to achieve the goal of improving photoelectric conversion efficiency cells by a stable phase. The experimental results show that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device increases first and then decreases with the increase of the amount of salicylic acid from 2 mg • mL-1 to 6 mg • mL-1. Through the tests of SEM, XRD, XPS, it is found that the phase stability of the film is the best when the content of salicylic acid is 4 mg • mL-1. Compared with the device without salicylic acid, the short-circuit current density (Jsi,) increases from 14. 7 mA • cm-2 to 15. 1 mA • cm-2significantly, meanwhile, the photoelectric conversion efficiency increases from 5. 8% to 6. 5% . In addition, the initial photoelectric conversion efficiency of the best device can still maintain 50% of the original efficiency after 5 d of storage in the air environment, which further proves that the addition of salicylic acid has a certain role in promoting the stability of tin-lead perovskite phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Mining & Metallurgy (10057854) is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Inorganic Chemicals Industry is the property of Editorial Office of Inorganic Chemicals Industry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The analytical method of sliver, tin and boron in soil or sediment samples was developed by mixed mode inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. A mixture of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid was utilized to digest the sample in a high-throughput closed microwave, and then the mass spectrometry sampling system was optimized and the mass spectrometry analysis mode for determination was adjusted. The mixed acid digestion solution could facilitate thorough digestion of refractory borosilicates and silicon-tin compounds in samples. Microwave sealed digestion method could improve the sample digestion efficiency and effectively avoid the loss of volatile element boron. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) atomizer, atomizer chamber and sapphire central tube could effectively reduce the background value of the instrument introduced by hydrofluoric acid solution medium corrosion quartz injection system. Using helium (He) as collision gas and the kinetic energy discrimination (KED) analysis of silver and tin could effectively reduce the interference of polyatomic ions, especially the interference of polyatomic ions formed by zirconium, niobium, zinc and oxygen, nitrogen and argon with higher geochemical abundance on 107Ag. The boron is basically free of polyatomic ion interference, so it could effectively improve the sensitivity of the method for boron by standard mode (STD). Subsequently, the detection limits of silver, tin and boron were 0.007, 0.12, 0.43 mg/kg, and the precision (RSD, n=12) and error (RE, n=12) of the method were 2.29%-9.53% and -9.95%-6.10%, respectively. Compared with the traditional atomic emission spectrometry method, this method has the advantages of simple process, high efficiency and low detection limit, which is suitable for the simultaneous analysis of multiple elements in large quantities of sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry / Zhongguo Wuji Fenxi Huaxue is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To predict and evaluate the metallogenic potential, the primary halo of Naran Tolgoi gold deposit is systematically studied by using multivariate statistical method combined with geochemical parameter information. The results show that the Clarke values of Au, Ag and Bi in the host rock granodiorite of the deposit are obviously high, which is closely related to the gold mineralization. Au is most closely correlated to Sb, Cu, Pb, Ag, Hg, Zn, As and Bi in the ores. There exists the superposition of rear halo elements (W and Sn) with front halo element (As) in the axial zoning sequence ofprimary halo. Besides, the turning ofzonation indexes such as (As+Sb)/(Bi+Mo) and 100Sb((Bi* Mo) indicates the existence of blind orebody in the deep. Based on the characteristics of primary halo, the prediction model of superimposed halo is established that the blind orebody is probably located near the contact zone between rock mass and strata below 710 m altitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]