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[Objective] The purpose of this study is to explore the pollination biology and reproductive characteristics of Rhododendron excellens, providing a theoretical basis for the conservation of small population species. [Methods] In the field, the pollination and reproduction biology of R. excellens were studied by studying the floral characteristics, pollinating insects, flower visiting characteristics, flower odor, and breeding system. [Results] (1) Unlike widespread Rhododendron species, pollen vitality of R. excellens was low whereas stigma vitality was strong, with a longer duration. (2) The main pollinating insect was Apis cerana in the daytime. The main volatile was 1,8-cineole that attracts moths for pollinating at night. (3) Through hand pollination, it was found that R. excellens breeding system was self-compatible with dominant out-crossing. [Conclusion] The flower morphology of R. excellens tends to avoid active self-pollination and have low pollen viability, but sustained strong stigma receptivity may be a strategy to adapt to low pollination efficiency. The main pollinating insect is A . cerana in the daytime, while moth pollination at night cannot be excluded. Its breeding system is self-compatible and is evolving towards a facultatively mixing mating system.

Automatic text summarization (ATS) is a popular research direction in natural language processing, and its main implementation methods are divided into two categories: extractive and abstractive. Extractive summarization directly uses the text content in the source document, and compared with abstractive summarization, it has higher grammatical and factual correctness, and has broad prospects for extractive summarization in domains such as policy interpretation, official document summarization, legal and medicine industry, etc. In recent years, extractive summarization based on deep learning has received extensive attention. This paper mainly reviews the research progress of extractive summarization technology based on deep learning in recent years, and analyzes the relevant research work for the two key steps of extractive summarization: text unit encoding and summary extraction. Firstly, according to the different model frameworks, text unit encoding methods are divided into four categories: hierarchical sequential encoding, encoding based on graph neural networks, fusion encoding, and pre-training-based encoding. Then, according to the different granularity of summary extraction in the summary extraction stage, summary extraction methods are divided into two categories: text unit-level extraction and summary-level extraction. This paper also introduces commonly used public datasets and performance evaluation indicators for extractive summarization tasks. Finally, the future possible research directions and corresponding development trends in this field are predicted and summarized.

A large language model (LLM) is constructed to address the sophisticated demands of data retrieval and analysis, detailed well profiling, computation of key technical indicators, and the solutions to complex problems in reservoir performance analysis (RPA). The LLM is constructed for RPA scenarios with incremental pre-training, fine-tuning, and functional subsystems coupling. Functional subsystem and efficient coupling methods are proposed based on named entity recognition (NER), tool invocation, and Text-to-SQL construction, all aimed at resolving pivotal challenges in developing the specific application of LLMs for RDA. This study conducted a detailed accuracy test on feature extraction models, tool classification models, data retrieval models and analysis recommendation models. The results indicate that these models have demonstrated good performance in various key aspects of reservoir dynamic analysis. The research takes some injection and production well groups in the PK3 Block of the Daqing Oilfield as an example for testing. Testing results show that our model has significant potential and practical value in assisting reservoir engineers with RDA. The research results provide a powerful support to the application of LLM in reservoir performance analysis.

So far， it is still a difficult task to develop electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution systems with comparable or even better efficiency than that of Pt systems. This study proves that the nanoporous gold electrode deposited on a flexible substrate coated with a titanium adhesion layer （Pt/Au-NHs/Ti/K） has excellent electrochemical water decomposition under laser irradiation. Localized surface plasmon resonance under light irradiation increases the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity of the material， which shows that its performance is comparable to that of the commercial Pt electrode. Mechanism studies show that the plasma-excited Au nanoholes structure is an effective source of hot electrons， and the underlying Ti-based adhesive layer can effectively promote the separation of hot electrons and holes. In this system， the thermal effect is negligible， and the sudden change of the current density upon laser irradiation is demonstrated by the rapid generation and injection of charge carriers. The result shows that the Pt/Au-NHs/Ti/K electrode still has good stability under 10 mA·cm-2 constant current density for 28 h.

Pregnant women are a high-risk group for several infectious diseases. Vaccination is the most economical and effective way to prevent infectious diseases in the general population, but for pregnant women, vaccination can present both risks and benefits. On one hand, vaccinated during pregnancy may protect the pregnant woman, fetus, and newborn from harm from vaccine-preventable diseases; on the other hand, it may also increase the risk of adverse events. Therefore, conducting safety assessments of vaccination during pregnancy not only provides evidence-based support for developing immunization program strategies but is also critical for ensuring maternal and infant health and preventing maternal and infant adverse events caused by vaccination. This article classifies relevant vaccines according to the principles of immunization during pregnancy in various guidelines and reviews national and international research on the safety of immunization during pregnancy. By comprehensively understanding the current status of research on the safety of immunization during pregnancy, it provides a reliable basis for improving China′s immunization strategies.

Dendrobium is a traditional, valuable, and nourishing medicinal herb in China. It benefits the stomach, promotes fluid production, nourishes Yin, and clears heat. Polysaccharides are among the main active ingredients of Dendrobium. By reviewing literature over the past decade, the common structures and biological activities of Dendrobium polysaccharides are systematically summarized. The results illustrate that Dendrobium polysaccharides possess various effects, including antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory effects, gut microbiota modulation, blood sugar reduction, and anticataract properties. The chemical structures of these polysaccharides are closely related to their biological activities. Previous studies suggest that polysaccharides rich in mannose and glucose exhibit stronger activity, whereas higher acetylation levels enhance immune activity. Higher uronic acid content corresponds to greater antioxidant ability, which may be due to the presence of (1→4)-α-D-Glcp and (1→4)-α-D-Manp on the main chain. Additionally, chemical modifications such as sulfation, selenization, and acetylation can enhance activity, whereas carboxymethylation decreases it. This article summarizes the research progress in recent years on the structure, biological activity, and product development of Dendrobium polysaccharides both home and abroad, elucidating the structure-activity relationship, aiming to provide important references for their in-depth development and application.

Based on the stratified survey data of Pleonomus canaliculatus in the soil of winter wheat and summer maize rotation field in North China Plain, the vertical activity of Pleonomus canaliculatus in the soil of winter wheat and summer maize rotation fields, the correlation between meteorological conditions and farmland planting management are observed and analyzed, and effects of Pleonomus canaliculatus damage on the yield of winter wheat are analyzed. By combining the insect population weight index with population density index, characteristics of the harm-dormancy activity of Pleonomus canaliculatus are investigated comprehensively in different soil layers. Results show that in the winter wheat and summer maize rotation growing season, there are 3 harm and 3 dormant periods, 3 harm periods appear in the winter wheat regreening-jointing period, the summer maize seedling period and the autumn seedling period of winter wheat, and 3 dormant periods appear in winter wheat overwintering period, winter wheat ripening-harvesting period and summer maize filling-ripening period. Among 3 harm periods, winter wheat regreening-jointing period is the most serious, which could lead to serious yield reduction of winter wheat. Winter is warmer, and spring temperature is warmer early, so Pleonomus canaliculatus exhibits characteristics of going down late and coming up early, which shortens the dormant period in winter and prolong the harmful activity period. Soil temperature, moisture, and the relationship between food and source affect the damage, dormancy, and feeding activities of Pleonomus canaliculatus. The suitable soil moisture content for it is about 15% to 18%, and the suitable soil temperature is 14 to 18 ℃. In summer, Pleonomus canaliculatus may enter dormancy or reduce activity due to lack of food sources or high temperatures and humidity of soil, Pleonomus canaliculatus can enter the dormancy or reduced activity. The analysis of winter wheat yield reduction caused by Pleonomus canaliculatus damage shows that the yield reduction rate is increased by 5.1% with an increase of 10 m-2 in insect population density or with an increase of 1.0 g·m-2 in insect weight. Results provide reference for agricultural production in North China to address climate change and scientifically manage farm to avoid diseases and pests.

In response to the voltage over-limit in distributed photovoltaic （PV） distribution networks， a reactive voltage control strategy considering cluster segmentation of distributed PV is proposed. Firstly， a modularity index based on reactive voltage sensitivity is introduced； taking account of the reactive balance and coupling within clusters， an improved modularity index is obtained and used for cluster segmentation. Then， a strategy for reactive voltage control within over-limit clusters and a coordinated control strategy between clusters are proposed. When overvoltage clusters cannot restore voltage to a safe level internally， the strategy involves selecting lead nodes from safe clusters with adjustable reactive power capacity to allocate the remaining adjustable reactive power capacity to the overvoltage clusters. Finally， simulations are conducted using an IEEE 33-bus distribution network to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

Instant rice is a kind of convenient food, which is easy to eat, simple and quick. Instant rice not only conform to ours people’s habits of eating rice, but also meets the needs of the current fast-paced life, which has developed rapidly in recent years. With the further improvement of domestic fresh rice technology and equipment, the wet instant rice industry, such as frozen instant rice, aseptic instant rice, and short-shelf-life instant rice, will be further developed. This paper summarized the main factors affecting the quality of dry instant rice, including raw material varieties, processing precision, processing technology and conditions, and focused on the key technologies of industrial processing of fresh rice, including aseptic processing, high temperature sterilization, ultra-high pressure treatment, etc. The latest research progress of extrusion and recombination instant rice was also reviewed, and the existing problems and future development direction of instant rice were discussed.

Objective To observe the promoting effect of pulsed shortwave therapy on wound healing in pediatric patients with upper limb burns and explore its underlying mechanisms. Methods A total of 40 children with deep Ⅱ° upper limb burns treated in our hospital from June 2021 to June 2023 were enrolled, and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, with 20 cases in each group. The control group received conventional dressings, and the observation group received conventional dressings combined with pulsed shortwave therapy. The wound healing time, first appearance of skin islands on the wound, and initial number of skin islands were observed and recorded using a camera. The proportion of granulation tissue area in the wound was observed using eKare inSight 3D. The positive rate of wound bacteria was detected by collecting wound secretions for bacterial culture examination. Blood flow perfusion on the wound was measured using a blood flow meter. Results The observation group showed significantly faster wound healing and initial appearance of epithelialization (P < 0.05), and obviously higher rate of granulation tissue growth than the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the observation group demonstrated better control of bacterial infection in the wounds than the control group (P < 0.05). Blood flow measurement results revealed no significant increase in blood flow perfusion after pulsed shortwave therapy in the observation group (P>0.05). However, with the elapse of time, both groups exhibited an increasing trend in blood flow perfusion (P < 0.05). Conclusion Pulsed shortwave therapy effectively promotes wound healing in pediatric patients with burns, by facilitating necrotic tissue clearance and granulation tissue regeneration, which may be associated with its non-thermal effects.

In order to sort out the research process and hotspots of honey safety, this paper was based on the China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI) database and the Web of Science (WOS) core collection, utilizing CiteSpace software to analyze and visualize publication trends, journals, authors, institutions, countries (regions), keywords, and other relevant information. The aforementioned databases yielded a total of 169 Chinese and 281 English literatures. The analysis revealed that the number of publications in Chinese literature on honey safety had been steadily increasing since 2011. The number of publications in English literature had displayed an oscillating upward trend since 2007, with a higher volume of publications in English literature over the past fifteen years compared to Chinese literature. ZHANG Q and GUNDUZ A were the most prolific authors in Chinese and English literature, respectively. While there were established cooperative relationships between researchers in both fields, collaborations between different groups remained relatively limited. Journal of Bee and Food Chemistry were the leading journals for publications on honey safety in English and Chinese, respectively. Both English and Chinese publishing journals primarily focused on the food industry. Yunnan Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Karadeniz Technical University were the research institutions with the highest publication output in Chinese and English, respectively. However, there was limited collaboration between research institutes in China. Turkey was the most influential country among the study countries (regions), followed by China, Poland, and New Zealand. During the initial stages of research, Chinese literature primarily explored topics such as "botulinum toxin" "pollen plants" "Triperygium wilfordii Hook. f." and "honey poisoning". However, after 2000, advancements in technologies such as chromatography, spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy led to the emergence of new keywords like "melissopalynology" and "gas chromatography". Consequently, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, liquid-mass spectrometry, and scanning electron microscopy gained popularity as methods for detecting honey safety in research. During the early stages of research, English literature primarily delved into topics such as "pyrrolizidine alkaloids" "mad honey" "grayanotoxin" and "natural toxicants". This indicates that during this time, the primary emphasis was on studying toxic honey and natural toxins found in honey, specifically pyrrolizidine alkaloids and grayanotoxin. As technologies such as chromatography advanced, keywords like "mass spectrometry" began to emerge. It could be seen that the research in Chinese and English literature was focused on similar topics, such as toxic honey, honey poisoning, and the detection and tracing of toxic components in honey. However, there were slight differences in emphasis. In China, the main toxic nectar plants were Triperygium wilfordii Hook. f., Gelsemium elegans (Gardn. & Champ.) Benth. and Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R. Br., while the main toxic components detected in honey were triptolide and koumine. In foreign countries, honey poisoning incidents were mostly caused by grayanotoxin, pyrrolizidine alkaloids or tutin. This study provides reference for analyzing the research content and development process of honey safety and identifying research hotspots.

ObjectiveTo provide a theoretical basis for different drug decision-making scenarios by conducting a comprehensive clinical evaluation of nusinersen.MethodsBased on the method of multi-criteria decision analysis, a comprehensive clinical evaluation index system of nusinersen was established. This system, including core criterion model and contextualized criterion model, covered multiple evaluation dimensions such as safety, effectiveness, economy, and social attributes. The evidence of nusinersen in various criteria was summarized and integrated through systematic reviews. Then, different stakeholders were assigned weights and scores in various criteria of the core criterion model. Finally, a holistic value of nusinersen was estimatedthrough standardizing and combining the results in contextualized criterion model.ResultsThe criteria, type of therapeutic benefit disease severity (0.08±0.02), unmet needs (0.08±0.01), quality of evidence (0.08±0.01), effectiveness (0.08±0.01) and safety (0.08±0.02) received the greatest weights after standardization. The higher mean scores for nusinersen versus placebo for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy were disease severity (4.8±0.4), innovation of the drug (4.7±0.6), expert consensus or clinical practice guidelines (4.5±0.6), effectiveness (4.0±1.0) and quality of evidence (4.0±0.8).The holistic value of nusinersen was 0.41. The overall impact of the contextualized model on the evaluation of the drug was 0.26, indicating that it may overestimate the comprehensive value of nusinersen.ConclusionsThe method of multi-criteria decision analysis proves the positive role that nusinersen plays in spinal muscular atrophy treatment.

The studies on the batch experiments and transport of 90Sr and 241Am were respectively conducted under unsaturated flow conditions in silty clay column. The results show that the linear correlation coefficient r2 of adsorption and desorption isotherms for 90Sr and 241Am in silty clay medium is greater than 0.9, which indicates that the Freundlich isotherm adsorption model can better describe the adsorption and desorption process of different nuclides in silty clay. The adsorption capacity of strongly adsorbed nuclides 241Am is much greater than that of 90Sr. As for 90Sr, the first-order rate coefficient(named as β) between the dissolved phase and the adsorbed phase was considered in the non-equilibrium adsorption model by transport column. The calculated concentration distribution curve is good agreement with the measured values. The fitting results show that the distribution coefficient(named as Kd) and β of 90Sr in the fine sand aquifer are 3.6 mL/g and 0.55/h. Respectively, in terms of 241Am, the radionuclides concentration distribution curves in equilibrium adsorption model and non-equilibrium adsorption model are in good agreement with the measured values. It shows that the stronger adsorption capacity of the nuclides have the faster rate of the adsorption-desorption in the soil, meanwhile the shorter time for the system reaction equilibrium. At this time, the fitting results of the equilibrium adsorption mode and the non-equilibrium adsorption model are closer to each other. Meanwhile the calculated Kd value by equilibrium adsorption model is 3×103 mL/g.

In this experiment, the migration of 90Sr in the weakly weathered granite was studied by using the penetration curve of 3H and 90Sr with the method of dynamic column experiment. The migration parameters of 90Sr in the weakly weathered granite were obtained. The flow rate was set at 1 mL/h during the test. With 104 Bq 3H, the migration test has been carried out for 120 h. The peak activity concentration appeares at 8.0 hour, with the peak activity concentration of 213.4 kBq/L, and the penetration curve of 3H has no obvious tailing phenomenon. With 5×104 Bq 90Sr, the migration test has been carried out for 132 d. The peak activity concentration appeares on 27.4 day, with the peak activity concentration of 46.26 kBq/L, and the concentration of 90Sr shows an obvious tailing phenomenon in the decreasing stage. By means of numerical simulation, the vertical dispersion of weakly weathered granite is 3.03 cm. By comparing the fitting results of 90Sr in weakly weathered granite under the following four models: equilibrium model, two-site sorption model, dual-porosity model, and dual-porosity model with two-site sorption, it is found that the fitting results of the four models are quite different. Dual-porosity model with two-site sorption can better explain the non-equilibrium adsorption phenomenon during the migration of nuclides in the weakly weathered granite by introducing the water content in the non-moving region, the first-order rate coefficient of solute exchange and the first order rate coefficient of non-equilibrium adsorption. The results show that distribution coefficient of 90Sr in weakly weathered granite is 1.23 mL/g, the first order rate coefficient of solute exchange is 0.227 /d, and the first order rate coefficient of non-equilibrium adsorption is 0.118 /d.

At present, the application of "Internet +" in public health services is developing rapidly, but there is a lack of appropriate data standards, leading to difficulties in the construction process. In addition, the application of "Internet +" in public health services has both public welfare and commercial characteristics, involving multiple stakeholders and interested parties, resulting in imperfect development models, poor supply-demand matching, and insufficient sustainability. In this context, this paper selects two cases, the Shanghai Health Cloud Platform and the Vaccine Comprehensive Management Platform, to analyze the difficulties, solutions, and effectiveness of "Internet +" public health services. On this basis, the characteristics of "Internet+" public health applications are summarized, and corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are proposed to provide a reference for the theory and solutions of "Internet+" public health in other cities in China and global cities.

This article summarizes nursing practice of 1 patient with stuffiness of stomach treated with Bian-stone ironing and rubbing combined with Traditional Chinese Medicine penetration and Baduanjin exercise based on the theory of supporting-yang. On the basis of routine nursing, through the assessment of symptoms, psychological status and sleep quality of the patient, under the guidance of the "Fuyang" theory, the Bian-stone ironing and rubbing combined with Traditional Chinese Medicine penetration and Baduanjin exercise were carried out to relieve the stuffiness of stomach symptoms and improve the health status of the patient. (本文总结基于“扶阳”理论应用砭石熨摩中药透入法联合八段锦治疗1例胃痞病患者的护理经验。在常规护理基础上, 通过对该患者进行症状、心理、睡眠等评估, 在“扶阳”理论指导下, 实施砭石熨摩中药透入法联合八段锦中医护理技术, 旨在缓解患者上腹胀满症状, 改善健康状况。)

This article summarizes the nursing practice of balanced cupping method based on the theory of Du Meridian-regulating in relieving clinical symptoms of a patient after stroke. On the basis of routine nursing care, the balanced cupping method based on the theory of Du Meridian-regulating was used to select cupping methods such as foot sun bladder meridian flash cupping, Du meridian moving cupping, and specific acupoint retention cupping. Combined with changes in cupping time, speed, negative pressure inside the cupping, and manual coordination, different degrees of stimulation are caused, thereby achieving the effect of tonifying deficiency, reducing excess and regulating the Du meridian, improving post-stroke symptoms and improving patient's quality of life. (本文总结1例基于“调督论”实施平衡罐法改善脑卒中后症状的护理经验。在常规护理的基础上, 基于“调督论”的平衡罐法, 通过对足太阳膀胱经闪罐、督脉走罐、特定穴位留罐等罐法操作, 结合走罐时间、速度、罐内负压和手法配合, 形成针对性刺激, 达到补虚泻实、调理督脉的效果, 有效改善患者脑卒中后相关症状, 提高患者生活质量。)

This article summarized the nursing experience of a patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease of liver-stomach disharmony syndrome treated with auricular acupoint comprehensive operation techniques based on the theory of ascending and descending. Based on the theory of ascending and descending, the patient was treated with comprehensive auricular acupuncture techniques, combined with routine nursing measures such as daily living care, differentiated diet, differentiated nutrition support, etc. After treatment, the patient's GerdQ score for gastroesophageal reflux disease decreased from 11 points to 5 points, and the GERD-HRQL score decreased from 21 points to 9 points, effectively improving the patient's symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease, and enhancing the quality of life. (本文总结耳穴综合操作技术治疗1例吐酸病肝胃不和证患者反酸、烧心的效果及护理经验。基于“通降理论”, 在辨证施护基础上, 给予患者耳穴综合操作技术治疗, 配合生活起居护理、辨证施膳、辨证施乐、辨证施养等常规护理措施。经治疗, 患者的胃食管反流病问卷量表(GerdQ)评分从11分降到5分, 胃食管反流病健康相关生活质量量表(GERD-HRQL)评分从21分降到9分, 有效改善了患者的反酸烧心症状, 提高了患者的生活质量。)

By searching ancient books and literature, this paper summarized the development history of Traditional Chinese Medicine hot ironing therapy and its treatment methods, therapeutic effects and application progress in spleen and stomach diseases, and to understand the research status of Traditional Chinese Medicine hot ironing therapy in the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases. Current researches findings showed that Traditional Chinese Medicine hot ironing therapy were effective in the treatment of spleen and stomach diseases, and more in-depth researches should be conducted to improve the clinical practice and ensure the therapeutic effect. (本文通过查找、检索有关热熨疗法的相关古籍及文献资料, 总结中医热熨疗法的发展历史, 以及脾胃疾病治疗方法、治疗效果和应用进展, 旨在了解中医热熨疗法在脾胃疾病中的研究现状。中医热熨疗法治疗脾胃疾病效果良好, 应不断深入研究, 使其能更好地发挥治疗效果。)

Takayasu's arteritis (TAK) is a chronic large vessel vasculitis that involves the aorta and its primary branch arteries, which can result in limb ischemia and organ damage. A clinical practice guideline has been newly developed under the leadership of the National Clinical Medical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases. This guideline provides evidence-based recommendations on 11 key issues in the management of TAK, covering the diagnosis, clinical evaluation, medical treatment, antithrombotic therapy, surgical intervention as well as pregnancy, and aims to guide the diagnosis and treatment of TAK in clinical practice and improve the outcomes of patients in China. This article interprets the key points of this guideline, in order to promote its application.

Energy recovery devices can reduce the specific energy consumption and operation cost of reverse osmosis desalination systems, which is an important core energy-saving equipment. In this paper, four combined processes were proposed, including turbine-free single-stage, single-turbine single-stage, dual-turbine two-stage, and single-turbine inter-stage pressurization for reverse osmosis seawater desalination systems, whilst ensuring the same influent flow rate and recovery rate. The whole process routes and equipment selection were also studied. To evaluate the performance of the combined process, the specific energy consumption ratios were analyzed with two different energy consumption ratio analysis methods. The results showed that energy recovery technology can reduce system-specific energy consumption. Optimizing the combination of turbine energy recovery devices, especially the combination process of dual-turbine double-stage desalination system and single-turbine inter-stage pressurized desalination system can significantly reduce the specific energy consumption and overall cost of the system.

Distributed photovoltaic access to the distribution network has gradually become a trend, but the large-scale distributed photovoltaic grid connection will cause serious power flow reversal, resulting in out-of-limit voltage and network loss increase. Aiming at the out-of-limit voltage problem generated by distributed photovoltaic access to distribution network, a distributed photovoltaic reactive power droop control strategy considering the probability distribution was proposed. Firstly, the influence of probability distribution of photovoltaic output on the current active power of different photovoltaic units of photovoltaic power plants was considered, and the available reactive capacity of each photovoltaic inverter was evaluated and calculated. Then, the reactive power droop coefficient was adjusted according to the current available reactive capacity of each photovoltaic unit, and the reactive power support capacity of the photovoltaic power station was maximized without sacrificing active power. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy was verified by PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software.

[Objective] The iron and steel industry is the largest carbon emitter in the field of energy end-consumption and its carbon emission reduction is closely related to regional economic and social development, thus identifying the resource and environmental impacts of its carbon emission reduction measures and revealing the regional disparities is the key to realizing the high-quality green and low-carbon transformation of this industry in China. [Methods] This study developed a factory-level comprehensive evaluation model of China’s iron and steel industry that reflects the resource, environmental, and economic linkages based on a bottom-up Asian-Pacific Integrated Model (AIM)/Enduse model. This model predicts crude steel demand under different socioeconomic development paths by 2060, and focuses on identifying the resource and environmental impacts of production structural adjustment, permeation of abatement technologies, carbon policies, and carbon neutral technology measures, revealing the regional disparities and spatial pattern of typical environmental emissions. [Results] (1) With the increase of recyclable scrap stock, the share of crude steel production of short-process will increase from 10.6% (2020) to 70% (2060); (2) With the synergistic effect of various emission reduction measures, the total energy consumption of China’s iron and steel industry will decrease by 70%-76% and fuel consumption will be reduced by 92% in 2060, compared with 2020 (with the share of coal decreasing to 0 and biomass increasing by 69%, and the consumption of coke, which has the property of a reducing agent, will fall by 90%), and carbon dioxide emissions will decrease by 89%-91%; but the increase in methane, organic carbon, and mercury emissions needs to be a cause for concern; (3) Under the synergistic effect of multiple emission reduction measures, there are obvious differences in carbon emission reduction at the provincial level in the iron and steel industry under different crude steel demand paths, and there is a larger number of provinces that show an increasing trend of mercury emissions under the scenario of high crude steel demand; [Conclusion] Therefore, carbon emission reduction in China’s iron and steel industry should be strengthened by systematic planning to prevent the “canceling out” effects among environmental emission factors generated by emission reduction measures, and the high-quality green and low-carbon transformation of China’s iron and steel industry should take into full consideration of regional economic and social disparities as well as resource endowment and carrying capacity.

[Introduction] Lithium-ion battery has become the most widely used new energy storage technology. However, it is found that the practical service conditions have great impacts on the actual service behaviors of lithium-ion battery energy storage. This paper aims to study the influence of service conditions on the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery, so as to provide references for the construction of future lithium-ion battery energy storage projects. [Method] The effects of operating charge interval, discharge rate and operating temperature on the actual performance of Li-ion battery were tested and analyzed. [Result] The working SOC range, charge/discharge rage and operating temperature all have great influence on the actual performance of lithium-ion battery. On the one hand, proper adjustment of charge and discharge range can significantly improve the service life. On the other hand, the current commonly used 2 C configuration mode may significantly reduce the service life, while reducing the rete configuration to 1 C is expected to achieve lower levelized cost of energy although it will increase the initial investment. In addition, temperature control is extremely important to the usage of lithium-ion batteries, even single-digit temperature differences can cause significant battery inconformity over long cycle life. [Conclusion] Lithium-ion battery energy storage with advantages of fast response speed, high adjustment accuracy and flexible configuration will further play an important role in the work of "carbon peak and neutrality" and the gradual construction of the power market. Paying attention to the influence of practical conditions on the performance of lithium-ion battery will further improve the use efficiency of lithium-ion battery energy storage. In summary, the design of the battery working condition according to the demand of the practical application can provide lithium-ion battery energy storage system more excellent performance, and play an important role to realize the "carbon peak and neutrality" goal of our country.

In order to investigate the quality of whole wheat bread flour in Chinese market, the physicochemical quality, rheological properties, processing quality and baking quality of 10 representative whole-wheat bread flour(WWBF) were analyzed. The results showed that the moisture content of WWBF ranged from 8.30 g/100 g to 13.39 g/100 g. The ash content of WWBF ranged from 0.6 g/100 to 2.5 g/100 g, with an average of 1.5 g/100 g. The protein contents of WWBF were between 13.92 g/100 g and 15.86 g/100 g. The content of wet gluten ranged from 30.20% to 47.10%. The average dietary fiber was 10.25 g/100 g, and the dietary fiber of 9 samples were between 8.65 g/100 g and 14.31 g/100 g. The content of alkylresorcinol of WWBF in 9 samples ranged from 234.72 μg/g to 508.48 μg/g. There were 7 samples with stabilization time longer than 7 min and 9 samples with stabilization time longer than 5 min. The maximum fermentation height Hm of dough were between 23.8 mm and 42.9 mm. The whole wheat bread with 60% WWBF had a good appearance, bread structure, soft taste and rich flavor. The sensory scores of whole-wheat bread ranged from 77.8 to 102.0. Whole wheat breads were all qualified. In short, WWBF products in China were relatively lack. The dietary fiber content and alkyl resorcinol content of WWBF were higher, and the processing quality and baking quality were good.

In order to realize the comprehensive utilization of asparagus and its by-products, asparagus was dried to prepare asparagus powder and used for the preparation of noodles. The effects of asparagus powder addition (0~10%) on solvent retention capacity (SRC) of mixed powder, water absorption rate, formation time, stability time, weakening degree, retrogradation value of dough, cooking time, water absorption rate, breaking rate, loss rate after cooking, shear force, tensile strength, protein secondary structure and starch digestibility of noodles were systematically studied. It was found that as the amount of asparagus powder added increased, the SRC of the mixed powder increased. Distilled water, sucrose, sodium carbonate, and lactic acid SRC were 79.30%, 111.92%, 99.07%, and 94.34%, respectively, when the amount of asparagus powder added was 10%. The weakening degree C1-C2 value of the dough increased with the increase of asparagus powder addition, reaching a maximum of 799.33 mN·m at 10%, while the retrogradation value C5-C4 decreased with the increase of asparagus powder addition, reaching a minimum of 1060.33 mN·m at 10%. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the breaking rate, water absorption rate, and loss rate after cooking of noodles during cooking as the amount of asparagus powder added increased. However, cooking time, tensile strength, tensile distance, and shear force showed a decreasing trend. As the amount of asparagus powder added increased, the sulfhydryl content in noodles gradually increased, and the disulfide bond gradually decreased, reaching 8.37 and 0.59 μmol/g at a 10% addition, respectively. When adding 8%~10% asparagus powder, the glycemic index significantly decreased (P

Objective: To investigate the differences in volatile odor substances of Cyclocarya paliurus tea from different origins. Methods: Taking Cyclocarya paliurus tea from Changde, Zhangjiajie, Shaoyang in Hunan, Xiushui in Jiangxi, Qiandongnan in Guizhou, and Enshi in Hubei as the research subjects, the gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) coupled with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to investigate the characteristics of different volatiles and their similarities in green strychnine teas from different origins. Results: A total of 120 VOCs, including monomers of some substances and their polymers, were detected in Cyclocarya paliurus tea from different origins, which were 34 aldehydes, 21 olefins, 19 alcohols, 16 ketones, 10 esters, 8 carboxylic acids, 5 furans, 4 pyrazines, 2 ethers, and 1 benzene species, respectively. Among them, γ-pinene, styrene, 4-methyl-1-pentanol, and n-octanal were the main characteristic difference volatiles. Conclusion: There were some differences in the volatile organic compounds of Cyclocarya paliurus tea among different origins(P＜0.05). It is possible to distinguish between different origins of cymbopogon tea based on the characteristic volatile substances. GC-IMS technology can effectively realize the origin identification and quality control of GC tea.

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of chronic inflammatory diseases which predominantly involve spine and/or peripheral joints. SpA can be disabling and seriously affect the quality of life and function of patients. With the increasing clinical use of targeted drug therapy, precise and standardized use becomes the focus. China's first Consensus on Targeted Drug Therapy for Spondyloarthritis was developed by National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases using international norms for consensus development. The consensus addresses 13 important clinical questions, ranging from principles, patient eligibility, pre-treatment screening, treatment initiation, drug selection and switch, co-medication, to adverse event monitoring of targeted drug therapy in SpA, and recommends treatment for specific patients, playing a key role in guiding clinical practices.

Photovoltaic power generation and photothermal power generation are two forms of solar power generation. The development cost of photovoltaic is relatively lower than photothermal, but a certain proportion of energy storage and distributed synchronous condensers are needed to ensure the safe and stable operation of the system. As a result the cost of photovoltaic power generation rises. Photothermal comes with heat storage and output friendliness, so currently there is still a great dispute about the technical route of photovoltaic and photothermal. This paper takes Haixi area of Qinghai province as an example. Firstly, based on the characteristics of solar irradiation resources and output in the same time and space, the power guarantee capabilities of photovoltaic+energy storage and photothermal is compared. Then this paper compares photovoltaic+energy storage+condenser with photothermal from the perspective of power grid security and stability support ability. Finally, this paper compares the economics of solar thermal and photovoltaic based on the forecast of their cost declining trend. Photothermal has both thermal storage and conventional generator functions, providing short circuit capacity, reactive power compensation and moment of inertia support for the system. The results show the economy of photothermal is basically equivalent to, or even better than photovoltaic+energy storage+condenser after the cost reduction in the case of technical equivalence.

Frozen dough is a good carrier for whole wheat food, which simplifies production operations, reduces processing difficulties, and steps up the industrial production of whole wheat food. This paper reviewed the effects of dietary fiber on the quality of dough and frozen dough, the changes of fermentation characteristics and Rheology characteristics of whole wheat frozen dough in the process of freezing and cold storage, and the research on the quality improvement of whole wheat frozen dough by food improvers. By analyzing the deterioration reasons of gluten protein, starch, fermentation properties, Rheology properties, etc. in the whole wheat frozen dough during freezing and cold storage, the theoretical basis and practical reference for improving the quality of whole wheat frozen dough were provided.

Existing studies have clearly demonstrated that people eating more whole grains have reduced risks of many chronic metabolic diseases compared to those eating less. In the past 20 years, the whole grain industry has developed so rapidly in major developed countries and regions. In recent years, whole grains have also attracted extensive attention in our country. The research and development efforts of the whole grain standards in China have been strengthened. This paper introduced the progress of the global definition consensus of whole grain and whole grain food, summarized the international development status of whole grain raw materials and whole grain food related standards in many countries and institutions, such as the Working Group of ISO Whole Grain, the United States, Canada, the Netherlands, Codex Alimentarius Commission, and so on. This paper also reviewed the present situation of definition of the whole grain and whole grain food related standards in China. More than 20 relevant raw materials, food related standards and production technical regulations and the publishment situation of other whole grain standards in China, including national standards and industry standards and local standards and group standards, were summarized, and some whole grain related standards under formulation were also introduced. Finally, the paper puts forward the development direction and suggestions for the construction of whole grain standard system in China, including fully combining with the actual production situation of China’s whole grain food industry, integrating with international standards, and combining standard testing and certification. On the whole, the gradual improvement of the standard system of the whole grain food industry will help guide and regulate the high-quality and healthy development of the whole grain industry in China, and promote the creation of a diversified and healthy grain food ecology, and provide a technical basis for the development of the whole grain industry.

The fumigant has been approved by the World Health Organization for use in grain storage, targeting the eradication of pests in areas where grain is stored or transported to reduce insect and mold activities, thereby minimizing storage losses. Phosphine is featured by its economic viability, application readibility, rapid diffusion, and lack of residue, making it advantageous for comprehensive pest control. It demonstrates high efficacy against various harmful organisms in storage, making it one of major fumigants worldwide. However, the elimination of some fumigants has increased dependence on phosphine. The lack of standardized guidance and inappropriate use of phosphine have led to severe resistance among stored grain pests, posing a threat to the effectiveness and sustainability of phosphine treatment. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current status and trends of phosphine resistance in stored grain pests on the global. It analyzes the genetic basis of resistance, focusing on respiratory and cuticle-related gene expression and detoxification enzyme mechanisms. A comparison of four resistance detection methods—FAO, discriminating does bioassay, rapid knockdown, and molecular identification—is rendered. The study explores key strategies for resistance management, including optimization of fumigation protocols, laboratory and field validations, and application recommendations. The aim is to offer reference information for the scientific and rational use of phosphine and the development of alternative pest control methods in the future.

Objective To evaluate the short-term efficacy and quality of life of primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients after radiotherapy and pregabalin treatment for neuropathic pain with bone metastasis. Methods 32 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma bone metastases were treated with radiotherapy combined with pregabalin treatment.Then, we prospectively studied the analgesic efficacy for neuropathic pain and quality of life, used the brief pain inventory and douleur neuropathique 4 questionnaire (DN4) to evaluate pain at baseline, one and two months after radiotherapy, assessed pain response using the international consensus endpoint definition of bone metastasis, and used European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Research and Treatment Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and bone metastasis module (QLQ-BM22) for quality of life assessment. Results One and two months after radiotherapy, the average DN4 score of neuropathic pain decreased, and the objective pain relief rates were 62.8% and 68.6%, respectively.The physical, emotional, social, and role functional scores of EORTC QLQ-C30 functional scale significantly increased in the first month after radiotherapy.Symptom scale of pain (P=0.015), insomnia (P=0.035), and loss of appetite (P=0.022) improved, and fatigue was aggravated (P < 0.05).Two months after radiotherapy, the mean overall health score and all functional scale scores significantly increased than those at baseline.The scores of all symptom scales decreased, except fatigue, constipation, and financial difficulties (P < 0.05).In addition, pain responders showed significant improvement in emotional function (P=0.025) and physical function (P=0.029) in the functional scale and in pain (P=0.014) and fatigue (P=0.035) in the symptom scale.The QLQ-BM22 score showed that the painful sites (P=0.021) and pain characteristics (P=0.04) of the responders significantly improved compared with those of nonresponders two months after radiotherapy. Conclusion Radiotherapy combined with pregabalin can relieve neuropathic pain caused by bone metastasis from primary hepatocellular carcinoma and greatly improve the quality of life, particularly in pain responders.

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes and complications of posterior spinal fusion surgery in the treatment of neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1)thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis, and to explore the mode of perioperative care for nurses provided to the patients. Methods We used the retrospective analysis on the 134 patients with NF1 thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis admitted to our department from March 2012 to April 2022 and analyzed the clinical outcomes and perioperative complications by using the related statistics. We evaluated the Perioperative care by the nurses in the treatment of NF1 to explore the mode of nursing to the patients with the NF1, by using specific observation points and evaluation indicators. Results NF1 kyphoscoliosis patients had poor preoperative nutritional status and lung function. NF1 kyphoscoliosis underwent longer operation time, lost more blood in operation, had higher osteotomy grade and more postoperative complications. All the patients successfully completed the operation in our group. The correction rate of scoliosis was (52.8±22.7)%, and the correction rate of kyphosis was (57.3±34.6)%. 25 patients had complications but no such serious complications as nerve damage. Conclusions The practice of the perioperative nursing to NF1 type scoliosis patients facilitates the shortening of the recovery period, the prevention or timely detection of complications, and improvement of the therapeutic effect.

According to the environmental conditions of acid rain and fog in Dazu， Chongqing， the corrosion resistance of traditional gold glue paint used for gilding of cultural relics to wet polluted atmosphere was studied by a variety of simulated accelerated aging tests and combining with analytical methods such as infrared spectroscopy， contact angle， and morphology observation.Results showed that atmospheric acid rain pollution accelerated the impact of the alternating wet and dry environment of water on gold glue paint.Additionally， light， humidity and the alternating wet and dry environment of polluted atmosphere had varying degrees of influence on gold glue paint.Among them， the alternating dry and wet environment of polluted atmosphere possessed the most serious damage to the aging resistance of gold glue paint， which eventually led to the corrosion damage of gold gule paint materials.

The tooth profiles at different positions of the non-circular gear pitch curve have the characteristics of equal modulus but unequal curvature radius and polar diameter. The distribution characteristics of the envelope curve of each tooth profile formed during the hobbing process are different, which lead to the unequal envelope error of the tooth profile at different positions. Taking the basic linkage model of hobbing as the motion constraint, the geometric simulation scheme of the tooth profile generated by the intermittent cutting of the hob is constructed, and the correlation characteristics between the envelope distribution and the curvature radius of the pitch curve and the polar diameter are analyzed. The concept of equivalent hobs is introduced, the relationship model between envelope error and equivalent gear tooth number and equivalent hob groove number is built, and the calculation and position distribution of the maximum envelope error of different tooth profiles are analyzed. A hobbing model to improve the envelope error is proposed. The model can realize the change of the equivalent hob groove number at different positions of the non-circular curve through the hob shifting method, thereby the maximum value and uneven distribution of the envelope error are improved. This study provides theoretical support for the analysis of the tooth profile envelope error of the non-circular gear hobbing, which can predict the envelope error and guide the formulation of a reasonable machining plan.

Whole grains have gained great attention due to their important roles in nutrition and health. Fresh brown rice noodles, which have been considered as a nutritious and healthy whole grain staple food, are more prone to be spoiling, aging, hardening and easy broken with high cooking loss rate. The factors affecting the quality of fresh brown rice noodles were systematically described, and the changes in water content, pH value, cooking quality, water migration, texture and microstructure of fresh brown rice noodles during storage were also summarized. The mechanism of quality deterioration of fresh brown rice noodles was elaborated and analyzed. Furthermore, the latest research progress (from the year 2016 to 2023) on the quality control technology of fresh brown rice noodles was reviewed, including the selection of raw materials for brown rice, the addition of exogenous additives, the whole grain grinding of brown rice, and the backfilling method of rice bran for preparing brown rice noodles. This review could provide the references for the quality control and improvement of fresh brown rice noodles.

Headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and sensory evaluation were used to investigate the aroma characteristics of different dark tea products (Fu brick tea, Dark brick tea, Tibetan tea, Liupao tea, and Tianjian dark tea). Sensory evaluation results showed that the aroma characteristics of the five dark tea samples differed remarkably. Fungal and stale aromas were the major aroma profiles of Fu brick tea. Results showed that, Liupao tea had obvious persistent areca-like and stale aromas, Tibetan tea had a persistent stale aroma, and Dark brick tea exhibited a pure aroma feature. Furthermore, Tianjian dark tea showed a persistent smoked aroma. The following rank order of the score of the sensory evaluation in the five dark teas was observed: Tibetan tea (91.35) > Fu brick tea (90.15) > Dark brick tea (89.05) > Liupao tea (88.85) > Tianjian dark tea (86.33). A total of 56 volatile compounds were identified in the five dark teas. The composition and content of aroma components varied significantly among the different dark teas. Contents of the volatile compounds in the five dark teas with the following rank order: Fu brick tea (6355.30 μg/L) > Tibetan tea (5858.73 μg/L) > Dark brick tea (5789.71 μg/L) > Tianjian dark tea (4801.37 μg/L) > Liupao tea (3740.14 μg/L). Multivariate statistical analysis and odor activity values analyses showed that 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene was the characteristic volatile component of the stale aroma of Tibetan tea. (E,E)-2, 4-decadienal, (E,E)-2, 4-nonadienal, citral I, citral II, hexanal, and methyl salicylate contributed to the fungal aroma of Fu brick tea, while 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene was the key contributor to the stale aroma of Fu brick tea. In Liupao tea, (+)-cedrol was a major contributor to the areca-like aroma. (E,E)-2, 4-decadienal, (E,E)-2, 4-nonadienal, hexanal, and phytol were the main contributors to the pine-smoked aroma of Tianjian dark tea. The pure aroma of Dark brick tea was formed by the comprehensive action of many volatile components, including benzene ethanol, neroltertiary alcohol II, and oxidized linalool I. This study would provide a statistical basis for exploring the aroma quality of different types of dark teas.

BackgroundLaser cladding, recognized for its cost-effectiveness and high efficiency, has become a focal point in the field of laser remanufacturing. GX4CrNi13-4 martensitic stainless steel produced by laser cladding is a widely used structural material in nuclear power plants.PurposeThis study aims to enhance the mechanical properties of GX4CrNi13-4 martensitic stainless steel, fabricated using laser cladding technology, through different heat treatments that cause microstructure modification.MethodsThe GX4CrNi13-4 stainless steel sample was prepared using laser cladding technology, and its heat treatment microstructure was studied in details. Firstly, thermal expansion experiments identified the onset temperature of austenitic phase transformation of sample at 620 °C, serving as a pivotal reference for developing heat treatment schemes. Two distinct heat treatment processes, i.e., solution treatment plus aging (STPA) at 1 050 °C for 1 h followed by a similar treatment at 550 °C for 4 h and single aging (SA) at 620 °C for 2 h, were applied to experiments. The effects of these treatments on the microstructure and mechanical performance of the cladding were comparatively analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to characterize the post-treatment microstructure and phase distribution. Tensile tests at room temperature were performed on samples before and after heat treatment.ResultsExperimental results indicate that the as-cladded GX4CrNi13-4 stainless steel exhibits a dual-phase microstructure primarily comprising martensite and ferrite, with continuous network-like ferrite precipitated along martensitic boundaries, accompanied by a minor presence of residual austenite. Post STPA, the matrix still predominantly comprises martensite and ferrite, but the continuous network-like ferrite decomposes, and numerous micrometer-scale transgranular precipitates within the martensite are observed. This led to a slight improvement in plasticity but a significant decrease in strength. The SA treatment of the cladded samples, performed at the critical temperature for austenitic phase transformation, induces the formation of the reversed austenitic phase. This phase, during tensile deformation, triggers the transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) effect. Furthermore, the network-like ferrite precipitated along the martensite decomposes into a dispersed distribution post-SA. The combined effect of TRIP and ferrite decomposition notably enhances the plasticity of the laser-cladded GX4CrNi13-4 stainless steel while effectively maintaining its strength.ConclusionsThe use of austenitic phase transition temperature for aging in this study, coupled with the synergistic effect of reversed austenite TRIP and ferrite decomposition, successfully achieves a balanced strength-plasticity performance in laser-cladded GX4CrNi13-4 stainless steel. Appropriate heat treatment and microstructural control emerge as effective strategies to improve the comprehensive mechanical properties of materials.

BackgroundSteam generator tube rupture (SGTR) accidents in lead-bismuth cooled fast reactors result in the generation of numerous steam bubbles owing to the interaction of the high-temperature liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) from the primary circuit and high-pressure subcooled water of the secondary circuit. These steam bubbles carried by the LBE may enter the core, causing local heat transfer deterioration and a power transient, seriously affecting reactor safety.PurposeThis study aims to elucidate the movement and dynamic behaviors of steam bubbles in liquid LBE and develop a drag coefficient model applicable to bubble migration in LBE for assessing the safety of the core during SGTR accidents.MethodsBased on the coupled level-set and volume-of-fluid (CLSVOF) method, a three-dimensional numerical model for calculating the drag coefficient of steam bubbles in LBE was established to study their movement and dynamic behaviors. Firstly, the deformation, velocity, and trajectory characteristics of bubbles in LBE were analyzed, and their drag coefficients were estimated. Then, the simulated drag coefficient values were compared with those from existing models whilst the prediction performance of the model proposed by Tomiyama was superior to those of the others. Finally, Tomiyama's drag model was optimized by introducing the We number, and its applicability was analyzed.ResultsAnalysis results show that the errors of the existing drag coefficient models are large under the condition of bubble–LBE two-phase flow, and the calculation error of the optimized model for the bubble drag coefficient in LBE is within 15%.ConclusionsThe feasibility of drag calculation model optimized in this study is verified, demonstrating its suitability for calculating the drag coefficient of steam bubbles in LBE.

[Objective] The construction method for an urban ecological network based on morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and ecological protection importance evaluation were studied in order to provide a scientific reference for the planning and construction of urban ecological network. [Methods] The importance of ecological protection at Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province was evaluated using the topological superposition of MSPA analysis results, and the birth source area was comprehensively obtained. We used the minimum resistance model to extract potential ecological corridors in the study area, and combined them with gravity models for importance classification. We optimized the ecological network structure from three aspects: source supplement, corridor supplement, and stepping stone supplement. [Results] ① The MSPA analysis results showed that the core area of Mudanjiang City had the highest proportion of landscape types (accounting for 87.41%) and that forest land was the main landscape type. ② There were 10 main ecological sources and six secondary ecological sources at Mudanjiang City. ③ There were 16 potential important ecological corridors and 104 general ecological corridors at Mudanjiang City. ④ Ecological network closure (α index) before optimization was 0.53, and 0.66 after optimization. Number of network connections (γ index) was 0.69 before optimization, and 0.77 after optimization. Line point rate (β index) was 2.0 before optimization, and 2.26 after optimization. [Conclusion] The application of the comprehensive MSPA analysis method and the ecological protection importance evaluation method in ecological network construction can help improve the structure and functionality of the ecological network.

The aim of this study was to assess the risk of food poisoning caused by Listeria monocytogenes in Jinhua ham processed using modern processing techniques. The parameters affecting the growth of Listeria monocytogenes during the production and sale of Jinhua ham, such as pH, water activity, temperature, lactic acid bacteria quantity, were investigated. The initial contamination rate of Listeria monocytogenes in raw pork was also evaluated. Listeria monocytogenes growth model and deactivation model were used to evaluate the exposure levels to Listeria monocytogenes in Jinhua ham. The risk of listeriosis after consumption of ready-to-eat Jinhua ham slices in different populations was explored. The results showed that the contamination level of Jinhua ham in the market was −9.47~7.05 lg CFU/g (90% confidence interval). The probability of listeriosis from ready-to-eat Jinhua ham slices consumption per portion consumed in healthy adults and at-risk populations were estimated with average values of

In this study, octenyl succinic anhydride-modified starch (OSA starch) with different degrees of substitution (DS) was used as raw materials, which was combined with chitosan (CS) to make a complex. The effects of DS on the change of functional groups and wettability of the complex were studied. Pickering emulsions stabilized by OSA starch/chitosan complexes with different volume fractions of oil phase (20%, 50%, 80%) were prepared, and the effects of DS and volume fractions of oil phase on the stability of the emulsion were investigated. The results showed that the hydrophobicity increased significantly with the DS of OSA starch increasing. When the addition amount of octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) was 2%, the contact angle of the complex was closest to 90°, which showed the suitable wettability. With the DS or the volume fraction of oil phase increasing, the diameters of emulsion particles increased, the droplet distribution became more even and dense, and the emulsion state got closely to solid. Moreover, the volume fraction of oil phase had more prominent effects on the emulsion. When DS was 0.00895 and the volume fraction of emulsion oil phase was 80%, the emulsion average particle size was 27.4±1.4 μm and had gel network structures. After storaging under −4 ℃ for 30 days, the emulsion had no creaming phenomenon and exhibited good ionic and temperature stability. This study further explored the parameter settings of Pickering emulsion stabilized by OSA starch-polysaccharide complexes, which was expected to promote the development and application of this emulsion.

The microbial induced carbonate precipitation(MICP) technology is proposed in the field of backfill mining to tackle high emission and high energy consumption in the current backfill system.Specifically, mechanical properties of microbial cemented backfill materials are investigated, and a proposal of microbial cemented backfill mining technology is presented in this paper.Results show that the strength of mixed and grouted microbial cemented backfill first increases and then decreases with the increase of cementation solution concentration and bacterial solution dosage.The average strength is 0.88 MPa and 17.95 MPa respectively.The effective CaCO3 crystal in the microbial backfill material is the key to its consolidation.The CaCO3 crystal of the mixing sample exists in the form of calcite and vaterite, and mainly calcite in the grouted sample.Microbial cemented backfill mining technology has significant environmental benefits such as energy conservation and emission reduction.There is happy prospect for this technology under current environmental needs and policies.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks on campus in Shandong Province as a reference basis for effective prevention and control of foodborne diseases on campus.MethodsThe surveillance data of foodborne disease outbreaks on campus in Shandong Province reported by the National Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance Network from 2014 to 2021， were collected. The epidemiological characteristics， such as onset time， onset area， pathogenic factors， causative foods and initiating links， were analyzed.ResultsA total of 425 foodborne disease outbreaks on campus were reported in Shandong Province， with a total of 5 147 cases， with an average annual incidence of about 643 cases， 653 cases of hospitalization， and 0 cases of death. No pathogenic factors were identified in 83.1% （353/425） of the outbreaks， and no causative food was identified in 22.4% （95/425） of outbreaks. The number of outbreak events caused by microbial factors was the largest， accounting for 76.4% （55/72） of the outbreak events with known etiology. Bacillus cereus and Salmonella were the most common pathogens， accounting for 25.5% （14/55） and 21.8% （12/55） of microbial outbreak events， respectively. The most common reasons were mixed food （18.1%，77/425）， a variety of foods （15.3%，65/425）， meat and meat products （13.7%，58/425）， and grain products （8.9%，38/425）. September is the high month； the trigger factors were multiple， followed by improper processing， improper storage and misuse of food.ConclusionSchools and relevant departments of food safety management should conduct regular training for cafeteria staff and food safety education for students， strictly keep food samples for each meal， and strengthen collaboration among all departments to improve incident identification rates.

Usually, radon detector must be calibrated every year, commonly used solid radon source calibration method and radon chamber calibration method. The former has the problems of radon source device aging, complex operation and radioactive substances vulnerable to transport control. The latter has problems such as calibration time principal and inability to achieve on-site calibration. Based on the above facts, this paper proposes an experimental method for the calibration of radon measuring instrument using uranium waste rock, which is used to realize the field calibration of seismic radon measuring instrument. The results show that the radon concentration control method has high accuracy and stability, and the relative error between the output gas radon concentration and the preset target is 1%. The comparison between the calibration experiment of uranium mine waste rock and the calibration experiment of standard radon chamber shows that the calibration values of the calibration coefficient of the two are in good agreement, the relative error is only 1.14%, and the normalized error En is only 0.135 6, which is within the expected range. It can provide theoretical support for the subsequent development of portable radon detector calibration device.

Whole grains retain the nutrients found in whole grains, which can help maintain a healthy weight and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, type Ⅱ diabetes, bowel cancer and other diseases when eaten regularly. However, whole grain is difficult to be accepted by consumers due to its poor palatability and cooking characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to improve traditional processing technology and develop new whole grain foods. As a whole grain food, grain tea not only improve the taste of whole grain, but also retain nutritional value and health effect. This paper reviews research on the changes of flavor substances and functional properties of grain tea by baking, sprouting and fermentation. In addition, the formation mechanism and inhibition methods of acrylamide and end-products of advanced glycation during the processing of grain tea discussed. This paper would provide theoretical reference for the development and utilization of whole grain drinks.

Different color protection agents were used to soak and spray the asparagus for color protection due to improve and compare the browning problem of asparagus during the process of hot air, vacuum freezing and microwave drying. The results showed that the quality of nutrition and color of asparagus powder with color protection was better than that without color protection. The color protection effect of Hu3 was significantly better than that of Hu2 and Hu1 (P

[Objective] Surface gas transmission pipelines suffer serious internal corrosion. To ensure the service safety of pipelines, it is necessary to accurately predict their internal corrosion rate. [Methods] The main control factors that affect corrosion were screened based on the Rough Set(RS) theory, and the reconstructed data set was used as the input while the corrosion rate was used as the output to train the Kernel Based Extreme Learning Machine(KELM) model. Additionally, the Improved Seagull Optimization Algorithm(ISOA) was used to optimize the model hyperparameters, and a prediction method of internal corrosion rate based on the RS-ISOA-KELM model was proposed. The prediction precision was compared with that of other combination models, and the long-term prediction effect and model universality were analyzed. [Results] The convergence analysis for the ISOA algorithm was conducted on five benchmark functions including Sphere, Schaffer, Rosenbrock, Rastrigin, and Griewank, and it was found that the ISOA algorithm had better performance in terms of solution precision and calculation stability. The model was verified using actual operating data from a gas field block. For the selected data set, the temperature, CO2 partial pressure, H2S partial pressure, flow rate, Cl-content, moisture content, and corrosion inhibitor residual concentration were crucial factors that affect internal corrosion. Among them, H2S partial pressure, flow rate, and corrosion inhibitor residual concentration had the largest weight. The RS-ISOA-KELM model was used to predict the corrosion rate, and its average relative error was 1.498%, root mean square error was 0.002 1 mm/a, and coefficient of determination was 0.999 3, which were all better than other common comparison models. [Conclusion] The combined model has strong generalization performance and high prediction precision. By expanding and updating the original database,it can predict the medium-and long-term corrosion rate of pipelines.With different corrosion parameters,data sizes,and training test ratios,the model still maintains a good prediction effect.