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Objective: To look into the security of a second allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) using rabbit anti-human thymocyte immunoglobulin (rATG) . Methods: Twenty-seven patients who used rATG in the first and second allo-HSCT at the Institute of Hematology, Peking University were enrolled in the study. Experienced toxicities associated with the conditioning protocol within 10 days (-5 d to +3 d) following the beginning of the rATG application, including fever, diarrhea, arrhythmia, reduced blood pressure, liver damage, seizures, and other problems. Results: The overall incidence of conditioning regimen early adverse reactions during the first transplantation and the second allo-HSCT conditioning regimen was 96.3% and 77.8% ( P =0.043) . Fever rates were 81.5% and 63.0% ( P =0.129) , diarrhea rates were 59.3% and 25.9% ( P =0.013) , liver damage rates were 22.2% and 25.9% ( P =0.75) , and the rates of other events (cardiac arrhythmia, low blood pressure, and epilepsy) were 3.7% and 18.5% ( P =0.083) . Adverse reactions that occurred during both the first and second course of rATG applications have been improved with symptomatic treatment, and no treatment interruptions occurred. Conclusion: Reusing rATG in a second transplant was risk-free and did not result in higher early toxicities.

Objective: To study the efficacy and safety of anti-human thymocyte immunoglobulin(ATG-F) combined with cyclosporin A(CsA) on patients with severe aplastic anemia (SSA), so as to provide support for clinical work., Methods: From January 2010 to December 2015, 78 patients with SAA admitted in our hospital were divided into 2 groups: ATG-F+CsA group(40 cases) and ATG-F group(38 cases). After treatment for 6 months, the effective rate, side reaction rate and time of effect initiation were compared between 2 groups. The follow-up results were compared between 2 groups., Results: The effective rate and side reaction rate in ATG-F+CsA group were 100.00% and 32.50% respectively, those in ATG-F group were 94.74% and 44.74% respectively and without statistical significant difference(P>0.05). In ATG-F+CsA group, the time of effect initiation in cured patients, remission and obvious inprovement were (44.9±15.4) d, (68.8±15.9) d and (85.4±17.6) d; in ATG-F group, patients with those were (59.6±11.5) d, (94.7±17.8) d and (119.8±21.4) d respectively, the difference showed statistical significance(P<0.05). The follow-up results were not statistically significantly different between 2 groups(P>0.05)., Conclusion: ATG-F combined with CsA can shorten the time of effect initiation, and demonstrates reliable safety.