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An elevated thunderstorm hail event occurred in Chenzhou and its vicinity in the Nanling region during March 22-23, 2023. A wide range of hail with diameters reaching up to 20 mm was reported, which was rare in elevated convection. In order to enhance the capability of forecasting and early warning of such hail events, this paper uses conventional meteorological observation data and SA-band dual-polarization radar products to analyze its weather conditions and dual-polarization radar echo characteristics. The results are as follows. (1) This event occurred in the cold area on the north side of the surface front, which was a typical elevated thunderstorm process. The hail-falling area was located 140 km to the north side of the surface front, and the large hail of 20 mm in diameter was caused by a supercell storm. (2) The storms that caused large hail in southern Chenzhou can be divided into four stages, which are the initial stage, the rapid development stage, the hail-falling stage, and the weakening stage. During the rapid development stage, the strong echo center increases rapidly and the vertical cumulative liquid water content (VIL) increases sharply. The differential reflectivity (ZDR) column extends to 4~5km above the 0 ℃ layer. A stronger updraft provides favorable conditions for hail development. During the hail-falling stage, with the rapid decrease of the strong echo center, the weak echo region (WER) disappears, and the height of the ZDR column decreases significantly. The values of ZDR and specific differential phase (KDP) gradually increase as the melting hail falls toward the ground. While the footprints of KDP correspond well with the hail-falling region. (3) The three-body scattering (TBSS) characteristics of large hail showed that the ZDR value at the root was large, which then decreased rapidly with the increase of radial distance, and the cross-correlation coefficient (CC) was significantly low. The sidelobal echo features of large hail indicate a low ZDR and low CC signature. These dual polarization features are key concerns for the large hail warning.

[Introduction] Lithium iron phosphate battery storage power plants are an important basis for new power systems to consume large-scale new energy, however, the thermal runaway of battery cells seriously threatens the operational safety of storage power plants. It is important to conduct real-time monitoring and scientific warning of local overheating in storage power plants. [Method] In this work, a thermal microcapsule with the ability to sense overheating temperature and produce colour changes was prepared and added in appropriate amounts to an epoxy resin matrix to form a composite insulating material with the characteristics of sensing external overheating temperature fields. [Result] Test results show that the colour of the prepared thermosensitive microcapsule/epoxy insulating temperature indication coating can change sensitively with external temperature changes, with a sudden colour change occurring at around 60 °C. When the doping mass fraction of the thermosensitive microcapsules is 0.25%, the insulation strength and dielectric properties of the composite coating are comparable to those of the pure epoxy resin material, maintaining good intrinsic electrical properties. [Conclusion] The thermosensitive colour-changing composite insulation coating proposed in the study can visibly change the temperature of the external local overheating state, providing a new technical route for the application of thermal runaway warning in energy storage power plants, which has certain engineering application value.

In the traditional rail transit signal system, the key subsystems are realized by the vital computer platform based on bus communication. On this platform, all devices share the same bus, so usually a variety of measures and a complex communication mechanism need to be implemented and designed. This not only seriously affects the efficiency and quality of software development, but also restricts the performance of bus communication with the increase of operation demand. Therefore, this paper proposes a data-centric communication management mechanism of vital computer platform for rail transit. The platform uses dual-network redundancy architecture, and all devices exchange data through Ethernet. With the application of a publish-subscribe message mechanism, the platform achieves loose coupling, greatly reduces the complexity of system development, significantly improves development efficiency and product quality, and realizes higher bandwidth and better communication performance. Experiments show that the data-centric vital computer platform features high throughput and low latency, which can meet the requirements of real-time and high-performance applications of rail transit signal systems.

Fruitful achievements have been made in shale gas exploration in the middle and deep areas from the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation to the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the southeastern Sichuan Basin, and in the research on shale reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors. As the key direction of current shale exploration, the deep and ultra-deep areas are limited by drilling and other factors, and the research on reservoir development characteristics and differences with the middle and deep shale reservoirs is insufficient. In order to clarify the characteristics of the deep and ultra-deep shale reservoirs of the Wufeng-Longmaxi formatiosns, four typical shale gas wells at the depth of 2 000-6 000 m in the southeastern Sichuan exploration area were selected to systematically carry out a comparative study of deep and ultra-deep shale reservoir development characteristics and differences, and the causes of pore development were discussed. The results show that: (1) With a burial depth of less than 6 000 m, the shale reservoirs of the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations are effective reservoirs with high porosity, and the porosity has no obvious change with the change of burial depth. However, there are certain differences in the morphology, structure and connectivity of organic matter pores, that is, with the increase of burial depth, the size of organic matter pores relatively decreases, and the pore connectivity deteriorates; (2) It has been clarified that biogenic silica is the foundation of pore development, and fluid overpressure is the key to maintaining reservoir pores. Under the combined action of biogenic silica and biogenic silica, the deep and ultra-deep shale reservoirs with high porosity and high quality can be developed and maintained; (3) Based on the research of reservoir development, shale gas exploration will be extended to 6 000 m, which provides a clear direction for shale gas exploration in the next step. It is preliminarily assessed that the deep and ultra-deep shale gas (buried depth of 4 000-5 000 m) resources in the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in the Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas exceed 2×1012 m3.

The most important thing for wetlands as terrestrial ecosystems is carbon, which is an important way to slow down the rise of dihydride carbon content in the global atmosphere and global warming. At present, most studies focus on carbon storage and carbon density in natural wetlands. However, there are relatively few studies on carbon density and its changes in coal mining collapse wetlands. Based on the investigation of carbon content and influencing factors in water bodies and sediments of coal mining subsidence wetlands, this paper studies the carbon exchange fluxes of different forms at the sediment-water interface of coal mining subsidence wetlands, evaluates the source/sink characteristics of sediments for carbon in overlying water, and discusses the changes of the exchange fluxes of various forms of carbon at the sediment-water interface under the single and interactive interaction of different environmental factors. The sediment and overlying water were collected in December 2020, April 2021 and August 2021, respectively, to analyze the occurrence characteristics of carbon in the sediment and water and the key factors affecting carbon content in the coal mining collapse wetland of Jiuli Lake. The dissolved carbon exchange fluxes at the sediment-water interface were studied through laboratory simulation experiments, and the effects of major environmental factors on dissolved carbon exchange fluxes were discussed. Finally, a regression model of dissolved carbon exchange flux at the sediment-water interface was constructed based on the response surface method to predict the minimum release conditions of dissolved carbon in coal mining subsidence wetlands and estimate the total amount of dissolved carbon release in coal mining subsidence wetlands. The results are as follows: temperature increase leads to the increase of dissolved carbon exchange flux, while pH has little effect on it; The exchange fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) were relatively high under high oxygen (9.0 mg/L) and low oxygen (3.0 mg/L) conditions, and relatively small under medium oxygen (6.0 mg/L) conditions. The optimal conditions under the interaction of environmental factors are obtained. When the temperature is 5.69 ℃, the pH is 7.18, and the DO is 6.38 mg/L the minimum exchange flux region of DOC and DIC is 2.32 and 3.54 mg/(m2·h), respectively. It was estimated that the total amount of DOC and DIC released in wetland sediments in August was the highest, which was 1.75 t and 5.76 t respectively. The total release of DOC and DIC was the lowest in December, which were 0.98 t and 2.01 t, respectively. The results showed that the environmental factors had different degrees of influence on the exchange fluxes of DOC and DIC, and the exchange fluxes of DOC and DIC increased with the increase of temperature by changing the adsorption capacity and biological activity. pH affects the solubility of carbonate in the sediment, so DIC does not increase significantly in alkaline environment, but has little effect on DOC exchange flux. The variation law of total release of DOC and DIC is consistent. The high temperature in summer and strong microbial activity in sediments promote the release of DOC and DIC in the upward overlying water, while the low temperature in winter significantly reduces the release effect. Only temperature, pH and DO are considered for dissolved carbon exchange fluxes at the sediment-water interface. However, factors affecting the migration and transformation of substances at the sediment-water interface include the characteristics of sediments themselves, bioturbation and heavy metals, etc. For wetlands formed by coal mining, the release of dissolved carbon by metal ions in sediments should be paid more attention. In the following research, microorganisms can be used as the starting point to explore the critical conditions for the conversion of sediment carbon “source” and “sink”.

Objective To explore the influencing factors of herpes zoster neuralgia in order to provide reference for the diagnosis and the treatment of this disease. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 89 cases of craniofacial herpes zoster and 168 cases of non-craniofacial herpes zoster hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College from January, 2019 to December, 2019. The demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between these two groups. Pearson analysis was used to determine the correlation between NLR and pain score and severity score of the skin lesions. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for herpes zoster neuralgia. Results There were no significant differences in age, gender, pain score and severity of skin lesions between the two groups when admitted to hospital. Patients with craniofacial herpes zoster had a higher rate of pustules, blood blister and necrosis than that with non-craniofacial herpes zoster (25.84% vs. 15.48%, χ2=4.05, P=0.044). Moreover, the NLR were higher in patients with craniofacial herpes zoster than that with non-craniofacial herpes zoster (4.11±1.62 vs. 2.35±1.51, t=6.27, P

The flower bud differentiation process, morphological features and endogenous hormone changes during single-flowered Paeonia suffruticosa cultivar ‘Lihua Fen’ and lateral-flowered cultivars ‘Zimei Youchun’ and ‘Yun’e Fen’ were compared. The flower bud differentiation process of ‘Lihua Fen’, ‘Zimei Youchun’ and ‘Yun’e Fen’ were observed by anatomy and paraffin sections. The contents of auxin (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA3) and zeatin nucleoside (ZR) in ‘Lihua Fen’ and ‘Zimei Youchun’ at different differentiation stages were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were as follows: (1)The flower bud differentiation of ‘Lihua Fen’ was only 6 stages and that of ‘Zimei Youchun’ and ‘Yun’e Fen’ were 11 stages. The top flower primordium differentiated earlier than the lateral flower primordium. (2) The contents of ABA, GA3 and ZR of ‘Zimei Youchun’ and ‘Lihua Fen’ increased during the leaf primordium differentiating to the bract primordium, while the content of IAA decreased. As for ‘Zimei Youchun’, ABA and GA3 contents decreased at the initial stage of lateral flower primordium, while ZR and IAA increased. (3) The ABA/IAA of ‘Lihua Fen’ was the lowest at morphological differentiation stage. The study reveals that the lateral-flowered cultivars have earlier and longer flower bud differentiation compared with the single-flowered cultivar, parts of the floral organ differentiation stage of apical and lateral flowers overlaps. Higher ZR and IAA levels and lower ABA and GA3 levels are beneficial to initiate lateral flower primordium differentiation. The results provide a reference for the long florescence breeding of tree peony.

Objective To explore the mechanism of peripheral neurons FcγRⅠ regulating pain caused by rheumatoid arthritis. Methods Rheumatoid arthritis models were established in 14 wild-type SD rats and 7 Fcgr1 conditional knockout rats. Wild-type rat control group (control group), rheumatoid arthritis group of wild-type rat (RA group) and rheumatoid arthritis group of Fcgr1 conditional knockout rat (RA+CKO group) were established. Pain behavior was used to detect the changes of mechanical pain threshold and thermal pain threshold 3 and 1 days before modeling and 3, 5, 7 and 9 days after modeling. The expression of Fcgr1 mRNA in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of Fcgr1 conditional knockout rat was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the changes of IL-1β and IL-18 expression in the DRG and activation of glial cells in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH). Results Compared with the control group, the threshold of mechanical and thermal pain in RA group and (RA+CKO) group were decreased (P＜0.05), the mechanical and thermal pain thresholds of the (RA+CKO) group were significantly higher than of RA group(P＜0.05). Compared with the RA group, the expression of pNF-κB, NLRP3, IL-1β and IL-18 and the protein level of GFAP and Iba1 in the SDH of (RA+CKO) rats were significantly decreased (P＜0.05). Conclusions FcγRⅠ of DRG neurons may promote the synthesis and release of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 through NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, and cause glial cells activation in the SDH, which may play a role in the mechanism causing pain of rheumatoid arthritis.

The research of shale petrofacies is significant for the exploration of shale gas "sweet spots". Different petrographic division schemes have been proposed but no consensus has been reached. This paper has studied the criteria and boundary values of the petrographic classification reference parameters of the Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi formations in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery by considering shale quality and compressibility. (1) There are three petrofacies: marlstone, silicolites and claystones with >50% of calcium content, >75% of siliceous content and >50% of clay content, respectively. (2) Four organic petrofacies have been classified as low-carbonaceous shale, medium-carbonaceous shale, high-carbonaceous shale and enriched carbonaceous shale with 1%, 2% and 4% of organic matter as boundaries, respectively. There are five inorganic petrofacies, such as low-siliceous shale, medium-siliceous shale, high-siliceous shale, low-calcareous shale and medium-calcareous shale with 25% and 50% of silicon or calcium mineral components as boundaries, respectively. This set of petrographic comprehensive division schemes based on organic carbon-mineral components and combined with siliceous genetic analysis has strong applicability and popularization in scientific research and practical applications, which is significant for the study of the lithofacies distribution law in the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations.

As the hydrocarbon generation and storage mechanisms of high quality shales of Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation- Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation remain unclear, based on geological conditions and experimental modelling of shale gas formation, the shale gas generation and accumulation mechanisms as well as their coupling relationships of deep-water shelf shales in Wufeng–Longmaxi Formation of Sichuan Basin were analyzed from petrology, mineralogy, and geochemistry. The high quality shales of Wufeng–Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin are characterized by high thermal evolution, high hydrocarbon generation intensity, good material base, and good roof and floor conditions; the high quality deep-water shelf shale not only has high biogenic silicon content and organic carbon content, but also high porosity coupling. It is concluded that: (1) The shales had good preservation conditions and high retainment of crude oil in the early times, and the shale gas was mainly from cracking of crude oil. (2) The biogenic silicon (opal A) turned into crystal quartz in early times of burial diagenesis, lots of micro-size intergranular pores were produced in the same time; moreover, the biogenic silicon frame had high resistance to compaction, thus it provided the conditions not only for oil charge in the early stage, but also for formation and preservation of nanometer cellular-like pores, and was the key factor enabling the preservation of organic pores. (3) The high quality shale of Wufeng–Longmaxi Formation had high brittleness, strong homogeneity, siliceous intergranular micro-pores and nanometer organic pores, which were conducive to the formation of complicated fissure network connecting the siliceous intergranular nano-pores, and thus high and stable production of shale gas. Key words: hydrocarbon generation and storage mechanism, Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation, Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation, deep-water shelf, siliceous shale, Sichuan Basin, pore preservation

Objective To retrospectively analyze the characteristics of ambulatory electroencephalogram (AEEG) in postcraniotomy patients, with epileptic seizures and without seizures after reduction of preventive antiepileptic drugs, and qualitatively and quantitatively investigate the relationship between AEEG waveforms and seizures, in order to explore the guiding value of AEEG for the reduction of prophylactic antiepileptic drugs. Methods A total of 166 postcraniotomy patients with epileptic seizures after discontinuation of prophylactic antiepileptic drugs admitted in our department from 2010 to 2017 were recruited and subjected to seizure group in this study. Another 166 postcraniotomy patients without seizure who have the similar proportions in age, gender, etiology, location with the seizure group in our department during the same period served as non-epileptic seizure group. The 2 groups of patients were followed up for 1 to 8 years. Referring to the classification of Hughes J R, we divided them into following types: R type (rare), R-M type (rare-moderate), M type (moderate), M-L type (moderate-large), L type (large), NS type (non-sharp spike), RS type (rare sharp spike), MS type (moderate sharp spike), and LS type (large sharp spike). The waves were also assigned into S type (scattered), F type (focal), and P type (paroxysmal) according to the appearance of slow waves. The differences of AEEG waveforms were compared between the 2 groups before the discontinuation of prophylactic antiepileptic drugs. The seizure group was further divided into a controlled subgroup and a non-controlled subgroup according to whether the epilepsy be controlled after taking the drugs again. The number of spike-wave between the 2 subgroups was compared. Results ① Significant differences presented in AEEG type composition ratio between the patients in the seizure group and non-epilepsy seizure group (P < 0.01). The main type was M-type in the seizure group, and R-type in the non-epilepsy seizure group. There were more patients (91/166, 54.8%) with M, M-L and L types in the seizure group, significantly higher than the other group (14.5%). For the slow waves, the main type was P-type in the seizure group and S-type in the control, and there were 107 patients (107/166, 64.4%) with P type in the former group, significantly higher than the other group (34.3%). For the number of spike-waves. The former group mostly had MS-type, while the control mainly had RS-type, and the patients with MS- and LS-type (116/166, 69.8%) were larger than those in the control group (22.9%). The high-risk waveforms of seizures after discontinuation of prophylactic antiepileptic drugs were slow waves of M, M-L, L, P types and spike-waves of MS and LS types (OR>1). ②After taking the drugs again, the number of patients in the control group were gradually decreased from RS-type to LS-type, and the numbers in the uncontrolled group were gradually increased. Conclusion The high-risk waveforms for postcraniotomy seizures after discontinuation of anti-epileptic drugs are slow waves of M, M-L, L and P types and spike waves of MS and LS types. AEEG is of certain guiding value in the prevention and treatment of antiepileptic drugs in patients undergoing neurosurgical craniotomy.

[Objective] Subsurface drains are commonly used in drainage system. This paper investigates the effect of their spacing and depth on water movement and salt transport in field soil under flood irrigation in Hetao Irrigation District.[Method]The study was based on data measured from a field, which were used to calibrate the HYDRAS-2D model. The validated model was then used to predict spatiotemporal changes in water flow and salt transport when the drain depth was 1.5m by varying the drain spacing from 5 to 100 m, and when the drain spacing was 25 m by varying the drain depth from 0.6 to 2.5 m.[Result] 1 The model is accurate for simulating both water flow and salt transport, with the coefficient of determination R² for soil profile moisture and salinity being 0.81 and 0.71, the RMSE error being 0.038 and 0.026, and the Nash coefficient NSE being 0.93 and 0.86, respectively. 2 The cumulative displacement and salt discharge increased with the decrease in drain spacing and the increase in drain depth. When the drain depth was 1.5 m, decreasing drain spacing from 100m to 5m increased total drainage by 4.96 times and increased the salt discharge by 5.06 times. When drain spacing was 25 m, increasing drain depth from 0.6 m to 2.5 m increased the total drainage by 64.24 times, and the total salt discharge by 60.08 times. 3 The water content in the soil profile decreased with the decrease in drain spacing and drain depth during the drainage period, and the decrease decreased as time elapsed. The salt content in the soil profile decreased with the decrease in drain spacing and depth in non-drainage period, and the decrease increased as time elapsed. 4 Horizontally, salt content in the soil increased with the increase in the distance from the drain in non-drainage period, and the increase decreased with an decrease in drain spacing and an increase in drain depth. When drain depth was 1.5 m, the difference in soil salinity between the drain spacing 5 m and 100 m increased from 26.67% in the region proximal to the drains to 39.88% in the middle of the drains. When the drain spacing was 25 m, the difference in soil salinity between the drain depth 0.6 m and 2.5 m increased from 30.56% in the region adjacent to the drain to 50.39% in the middle of the drains. Vertically, soil water content varied in a "sickle" shape with the increase in soil depth. The initial drainage of salt increased with the increase in drain depth, while in non-drainage period it decreased with the increase in drain depth.[Conclusion]Reducing drain spacing or increasing drain depth can improve the drainage and salt discharge, thereby reducing water storage in soil profile during drainage period and soil salt content during non-drainage period. Our results suggested that the optimal drain spacing was 15-50 m and the drain depth was 1.0-2.0 m for Hetao irrigation district. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the clinicopathological features of intermediate trophoblastic tumor (ITT) in the pineal region. Methods A retrospective study was performed to analyse the diagnostic and therapeutic process of 1 case with ITT in the pineal region. The specimen obtained from the surgery was dealt with common tissue processing mode and cut into slices. HE staining was performed to observe histophathological features. Immunohistochemical staining (SP two⁃step method) was performed to analyse the expression of tumor markers. Related literatures were reviewed. Results A 6 ⁃ year old boy with clinical manifestations of penis enlargement and rapid growth for more than one year, presented a mass in his pineal region through MRI. The tumor was surgically excised after it is refractory to 10 times experimental radiotherapy as germinoma. The level of β ⁃ human chorionic gonadotropin ( β ⁃ hCG) in his postoperative blood was decreased to normal, but gradually increased, once again followed to normal after three times chemotherapy. Patient was normal almost postoperative 6 months later by follow ⁃ up. Pathological examination showed sheets necrosis with multiple calcification and scattered fresh blood cells, epithelioid tumor cells with solid growth pattern. The tumor cells were atypical mononuclear cells with relative uniform (between heterotypic cells) and partially surrounding and invasing the vascular walls. The cytoplasm of tumor cells was eosinophilic or clear, the nucleus was round or irregular in shape and some with intranuclear pseudoinclusions, and its mitotic figures were rarely seen under light microscopy. The tumor cells showed strong positive for AE1/AE3, cell adhesion molecules 5.2 (CAM5.2), human placental lactogen (hPL), octamer⁃binding transcription factor 3/4 (Oct3/4), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and E⁃cadherin. P53 was also expressed. The positive rate of Ki⁃67 was about 10%, and β⁃hCG was expressed in the extremely tumor cells. The tumor cells were negative for placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), alpha⁃feto protein (AFP), CD30 (Ki⁃1) and P63. Conclusion ITT in pineal region is very rare, and has partial morphological characteristics of placental site trophoblastic tumors (PSTT) and epithelioid trophoblastic tumors (ETT). This case got a good control through radiotherapy, operation excision combined with chemotherapy. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.04.017

In recent years, ionic liquids as a new ideal 'green solvent' have been widely used in hydrometallurgy industry. Compared with traditional organic solvents, it is more prominent in the extraction and separation of metal ions. This paper mainly expounds the development, types and properties of ionic liquids, and reviews the research progress of ionic liquids as extraction solvents for separation of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, heavy metals and transition metal ions, and expounds their extraction results. It is found that the addition of chelating agent m imidazolium ionic liquids could improve the extraction rate, and the imidazolium ionic liquids containing alcohol-sulfur functional groups have obvious effects on the extraction and separation of many metal ions. Alkali metals and alkaline-earth metals can be successfully separated by ionic liquid extraction combined with electrical sedimentary faces. There are also some functional ionic liquids with high extraction efficiency for heavy metal ions in industrial wastewater and public sewage. The weak ability of ionic liquids to extract transition metal ions needs to be enhanced by adding other extract ants. In this paper, the application status of ionic liquid extraction separation is pointed out, and the future development direction of ionic liquid in the field of extraction is prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, two japonica/indica hybrids (JIH) (Yongyou 1540 and Yongyou 4540 with the total growth duration ranged from 169 to 171 days) of Yongyou series, two japonica conventional (JC) varieties (Zhendao 13 and Wuyunjing 30 with the total growth duration ranged from 159 to 160 days), and two indica hybrids (IH) varieties (Liangyoupeijiu and Yangliangyou 6 with the total growth duration ranged from 140 to 141 days) were grown to compare the characteristics and differences of above-ground biomass accumulation after transplanting among three variety types in 2015 and 2016. Grain yield of JIH was averaged 12.4 t hm-2 for two years, and 7.8% and 23.3% higher at P < 0.05 than that of JC and IH, respectively. Compared with JI and IH, JIH had lower panicle per m2, filled-grain percentage, and 1000-grain weight, while more spikelets per panicle. JIH also had higher total biomass weight at maturity stage, while lower harvest index. The biomass weight in stem and leaf and their ratio at maturity stage were the highest in JIH and lowest in IH. JIH had the highest panicle weight while IH had the lowest panicle weight, and the opposite trend was observed in the ratio of panicle weight to the total biomass weight at maturity among three variety types. The above-ground biomass accumulation dynamics after transplanting of JIH, JC, and IH were all well fitted by Gompertz equation. The above-ground biomass accumulation rate of different variety types showed a single-peak curve of increasing trend and then a decreasing trend after transplanting. The maximum biomass accumulation rate of JIH, JC, and IH was observed at 61-62, 64-66, and 63-64 days after transplanting, respectively. The maximum biomass accumulation rate of JIH was 17.7% and 17.3% higher than that of JC and IH, respectively. Compared with JC and IH, JIH had higher mean biomass accumulation rate in the early, middle, and late stages; and JIH had lower duration days in the early and middle stages and higher duration days in the late stages. Compared with JC and IH, JIH had higher biomass accumulation in the early, middle, and late stages. In this study, a Gompertz model was established that conformed to the dynamic characteristics of above-ground biomass accumulation after transplanting in different variety types. Compared with JC and IH, JIH had superior biomass accumulation in the early, middle, and late stages; the higher biomass accumulation in the early and middle stages were due to the higher biomass accumulation rate, and higher biomass accumulation in the late stage was due to its higher biomass accumulation period and accumulation rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive impairment is one of major disorders after brain injury. With the rapid development of rehabilitation medicine in China, more and more attention was focused on it. The methods of assessment and rehabilitation therapy of cognitive impairment are more widely used in clinic. Based on traditional methods of assessment and rehabilitation therapy, driven by the development of computer, Internet and Internet of Things, more and more new methods emerged. This article intends to review the commonly used assessment and rehabilitation therapy of cognitive impairment and their progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the arousal of people with high stress-related sleep vulnerability and the effect of music intervention on hyperarousal. Methods A total of 33 healthy subjects from China Rehabilitation Research Center were enrolled in this study. Based on the median value (17 score) of Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test-Chinese Version (FIRST-C), they were divided into 2 groups: 16 cases of high stress-related sleep vulnerability and 17 cases of low stress - related sleep vulnerability. Multi-parameter physiological indexes monitoring system of Thought Technology Ltd. was used to gather physiological indicators [blood volume pulse (BVP), skin temperature, skin conduction, respiration rate, respiration amplitude and heart rate], and brain wave [δ wave, θ wave, low α wave and high α wave, α wave, sensory-motor rhythm (SMR), low β wave and high β wave]. Results Compared with low vulnerability subjects, high vulnerability subjects had significantly higher skin conduction (P = 0.003, 0.001), amplitude of SMR (P = 0.015, 0.031) and low β wave (P = 0.000, 0.001) before and after treatment, while had significantly increased high β wave after treatment (P = 0.004). After treatment, all subjects had significantly reduced BVP (P = 0.000), increased skin temperature (P = 0.000), increased respiration rate (P = 0.008) and reduced heart rate (P = 0.000). Compared with before treatment, high vulnerability subjects had significantly reduced skin conduction (P = 0.001), respiratory amplitude (P = 0.032), high α wave (P = 0.017) and low β wave (P = 0.013) after treatment. Compared with before treatment, low vulnerability subjects had significantly reduced skin conduction (P = 0.039), low α wave (P = 0.035), high α wave (P = 0.031), α wave (P = 0.044) and low β wave (P = 0.015) after treatment. Conclusions Both physiological and cortical hyperarousal are presented in people with high stress-related sleep vulnerability in resting state. Music intervention can improve the hyperarousal of high vulnerability people, especially their physiological indicators. It can be used as a health management technique to prevent people with high stress-related sleep vulnerability from developing into chronic insomnia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study unextendible maximally entangled bases and mutually unbiased bases which play important roles in quantum computation and quantum information processing, the unextendible maximally entangled bases in space C²...C³are studied firstly. Then two sets of mutually unbiased bases from the unextendible maximally entangled bases in C²...C³ are constructed. The general form are presented, which extend the results in and provide more generalized was of constructing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of high temperature and humidity stress [(40±2) °C/ (30±2) °C, RH (95±5)% / (70±5)%, 10 h/14 h (day/ night)] at the physiological maturity stage of two spring soybean cultivars (Xiangdou No. 3 and Ningzhen No. 1) on seed vigor indices, main nutritional components and coat anatomical structure. High temperature and humidity stress were found to cause the decrease of seed viability, germination potential, and germination percentage as well as the dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activities, but increased the seed cell membrane permeability as well as H+, soluble sugar and leucine levels in the seed soaking liquid of each cultivar. Moreover, the stress led to irregular changes of seed oil and protein contents and alteration of anatomical structure of episperm and hilum in the two cultivars. A shortterm stress (less than 5 h) had no significant impact on seed vigor, but a long-term one (more than 48 h) caused rapid decrease of seed vigor indices. Xiangdou No. 3 showed less decreases in seed germination potential and enzyme activities, and less increase in extravasation content in the seed soaking liquid, had compact seed coat and intact hilum, suggesting it was more resistant to high temperature and humidity stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although it is a Chinese poetic tradition that poetry is an expression of thought and feeling, the ancient Chinese poems usually do not use the first person pronouns to express one's thought and feeling. Comparing the original poem 'Returning to Live in the Country' with its English and French translations in four aspects, i.e. 'looking into oneself with a subjective vista', 'looking into objects with a non-subjective vista', 'no differentiating narrator from other joiners', and 'narrator's thinking caused by a feeling of objects', we have found that there are obvious differences in discourse method between ancient Chinese poems and their English and French translations. The original poem does not have a poetic discourse with the first person subject, while their English and French translations frequently use it instead, which violates the original intention of the poem. But comparatively speaking, the translator of the French version seems to be aware of the problem, who, as a Chinese scholar, tries to avoid the first person in the lines where the English one uses the first person expressions. The different uses in the poetic discourses with or without 'I' may he taken as methods of creating vista difference between Chinese and western poems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To assess the anesthesia effect of of mivacurium and CIS atracurium besilate in pediatric anesthesia in tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Methods A total of 68 children patients underwent selective tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in this hospital from February 2014 to May 2014 were divided into the mivacurium compound anesthesia group (group M) and CIS atracurium besylate atracurium besilate compound anesthesia group (group C) using the method of random number table. Group M and group C were induced and maintained anesthesia with mivacurium and CIS atracurium respectively. It was observed the cerebral vascular hemodynamics indexes at the time of entering room(T0) , 3 mm before intubation(T1) , 3 mm after intubation (T2) ,10 mm after the operation(T3) ,extubation(T4)and recorded the intubation rating,parameters at recovery period and adverse reactions of the two groups. Results There was no statistical significance between the two groups concernning changes of hemodynamics and intubation effect rating at different time point(P>0.05). The indexes of group M in the recovery period were obviously shorter than those of group C ,whose difference was statistically significant(P>0.05). It had no report on the occurrence of children with adverse reaction of the two groups. Conclusion The combination of mivacurium and CIS atracurium besilate in children's tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy may obtain a satisfied anesthesia effect, maintaining stable hemodynamics , especially mivacurium may help muscle relaxation faster without accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil polluted by heavy metals (HMs) is an important environmental issue in China, and regional geological background is a vital factor that influences the enrichment of HMs in soils. Previous studies have shown that soils derived from black shales are commonly enriched in HMs and present high potential eco-environmental risks. However, few studies have investigated the HMs in different agricultural products, which inhibit the safe use of land and safe production of food crops in black shale regions. This study investigated the concentrations, pollution risks, and speciation of HMs in soils and agricultural products from a typical black shale region in Chongqing. The results showed that the study soils were enriched in Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Se but not in Pb. Approximately 98.7% of total soils exceeded the risk screening values, and 47.3% of total soils exceeded the risk intervention values. Cd had the highest pollution level and potential ecological risks and was the primary pollutant in soils of the study area. Most of the Cd resided in ion-exchangeable fractions (40.6%), followed by residual fractions (19.1%) and weak organic matter combined fractions (16.6%), whereas Cr, Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn were dominated by residual fractions. Additionally, organic combined fractions contributed to Se and Cu, and Fe-Mn oxide combined fractions contributed to Pb. These results indicated that Cd had higher mobility and availability than those of other metals. The agricultural products presented a weak ability to accumulate HMs. Approximately 18.7% of the collected samples with Cd exceeded the safety limit, but the enrichment factor was relatively low, indicating low pollution risks of the heavy metals. The findings of this study could provide guidelines for safe use of land and safe production of food crops in black shale regions with high geological background.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Compound Chamomile and Lidocaine Hydrochloride Gel for postoperative hypospadias in children., Methods: From January to December 2020, we treated 116 children with distal hypospadias in the Department of Urology, Department of Pediatrics and the Seventh Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, 58 by primary Snodgrass urethroplasty only (the control group) and the other 58 with Compound Chamomile and Lidocaine Hydrochloride Gel smeared on the penis postoperatively in addition (the trial group). We compared the operation time and postoperative pain score, edema regression and incidence of infection between the two groups, followed by statistical analysis using T test and Chi-square test., Results: All the operations were successfully completed by the same surgeon under general anesthesia. There were no statistically significant differences between the trial and control groups in age (［2.5 ± 0.8］ vs ［2.4 ± 0.6］ yr, P > 0.05) or operation time (［95.6 ± 14.5］ vs ［97.1 ± 15.2］ min, P > 0.05). No incision infection occurred in any of the cases. The pain scores at dressing removal were remarkably lower in the trial than in the control group at 2 hours (1.4 ± 1.0 vs 2.6 ± 1.3, P < 0.05), 24 hours (2.2 ± 1.3 vs 3.9 ± 1.6, P < 0.05), 48 hours (1.2 ± 0.7 vs 1.6 ± 0.9, P < 0.05) and 72 hours after surgery (2.5 ± 0.8 vs 3.7 ± 1.8, P < 0.05). Significantly more cases of edema regression were achieved in the trial than in the control group at 2 weeks postoperatively (35 vs 19, P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Compound Chamomile and Lidocaine Hydrochloride Gel can effectively relieve pain, reduce edema and accelerate edema regression after surgery in children with hypospadias, and therefore deserves wide clinical application.、.

Background: Middle-aged and older individuals suffer from skeletal muscle loss due to aging, increasing the risk of sarcopenia. Muscular dystrophy reduces lower-extremity muscle endurance. The annual incidence of falls in the community is about 30-40%. Falls contribute to disability and fractures, affect quality of life, reduce mental health, and, in severe cases, result in death. Therefore, preventing lower limb muscle weakness in middle-aged and older individuals should be taken seriously., Purpose: The purpose of this study was to promote community health with a focus on older, community-dwelling individuals. The effects of a lower-extremity exercise intervention on middle-aged and older individuals in terms of improving functional fitness, physiological indexes, exercise self-efficacy, sleep quality, and mental health were explored., Methods: This study used convenience sampling to recruit community residents over 55 years old as participants, with 50 participants assigned to the control group and to the experimental group, respectively. The experimental group participated in a 50-min lower extremity exercise intervention three times a week for 12 weeks. Differences in functional fitness, basic physiological index, exercise self-efficacy, sleep quality, and mental health variables between the two groups were assessed at the conclusion of the intervention., Results: The lower-extremity muscle exercise program significantly improved functional fitness, physiological indexes, exercise self-efficacy, sleep quality, and overall mental health status in the experimental group, as compared to the control group (p < .05)., Conclusions / Implications for Practice: It is recommended that the concept and application of lower extremity movement intervention should be popularized among middle-aged and older individuals to promote physical and mental health, prevent the decline and loss of lower extremity muscle strength, and help realize healthy aging goals.

Young leaves of Kabuli chickpea as well as soybean Xiangdou No.3, which are the current plants that studied in our laboratory were selected as materials. Effects on protoplasts yield and survival rate of different enzyme combination, concentration of D-Mannitol in enzyme combinations, pH of enzyme combinations and enzymolysis time are detected. The results showed that, the best condition for Xiangdou No.3 leaf protoplasts isolation is to rotate the cut materials for 6 hours in enyzme solution under temperature of 27 ℃ and rotate speed of 45 r/min for 6 h. Onozuka R-10 (0.5%), Hemicellulase (0.8%), Macerozyme R-10 (0.8%) in combination with Pectolyase Y-23 (0.4%) dissolving in CPW solution with MES (0.1%) and Mannitol (10%), pH 6.0 was found best for protoplasts isolation of Xiangdou No.3 leaves.The best condition for protoplasts isolation of Kabuli chickpea is to put the cut materials into enzymatic hydrolysate enzymolyse for 7 to 8 hours under temperature of 27 ℃ and rotate speed of 45 r/min on water bath shaker, the optimum combination of enzyme consists of Onozuka R-10 (0.5%), Hemicellulase (0.8%), Macerozyme R-10 (0.8%), MES (0.1%) and Mannitol (10%) dissolved in CPW solution with pH 4.8. The protoplasts prepared with the methods above are used in subcellular location and the effects show well.

We report a rare case of HBsAg seroconversion after 7 years of entecavir therapy in a 48-year-old HBeAg-negative CHB male patient with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). After a poor response to a 48-week interferon-α 2b therapy, the patient received long-term entecavir therapy. Serum ALT levels became normal and HBV DNA viral load was undetectable at the 10th week after commencement of entecavir treatment, and seroconversion of HBsAg was detected after 7 years of entecavir therapy.

Background: Being overweight is a common problem among chronic schizophrenic patients. However, these patients lack related exercise interventions that are both effective and convenient., Purpose: To explore the effects of a biosensing game intervention on the health-related fitness of chronic schizophrenic patients., Methods: Two rehabilitation wards at a psychiatric hospital in New Taipei City were selected as the study sites. Simple random sampling was used to recruit participants. Participants in the experimental group received a 12-week biosensing game intervention, while participants in the control group received routine nursing care only. The study instruments included a demographic data sheet and anthropometric measurements. In addition, health-related fitness variables including cardiovascular endurance, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition (e.g., body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio, and body fat) were used as outcome indicators., Results: A total of 35 patients participated in the experimental group and 35 patients participated in the control group. The results showed that the mean differences between the pre-test and post-test values for body weight (t=6.07, p<.01), BMI (t=5.79, p<.01), and waist-hip ratio (t=2.87, p<.05) differed significantly, with the experimental group performing better than the control group on all three indicators., Conclusions / Implications for Practice: The results indicate that this 12-week intervention holds the potential to help chronic schizophrenic patients improve their health-related fitness, especially in terms of body weight, BMI, and waist-hip ratio. This study may be used as a reference for the promotion of health-related fitness programs in psychiatric institutes in the future.

Objective: This study sought to identify risk factors of ischemic events and predictors of outcome for spontaneous cervical artery dissection (sCAD)., Methods: One hundred and sixty one patients diagnosed as sCAD were classified as patients with (n=77) and without (n=84) cerebral ischemia. Demographics, vascular risk factors and imaging features were compared between the two groups. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of primary end-point events (all cause stroke and death) at follow-up., Results: Patients with cerebral ischemia had a higher prevelence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus (62.3% vs 41.7%, 14.3% vs 6.2%, P<0.05). Patients with cerebral ischemia were more likely to present with stenosis (61.0% vs 23.8%, P<0.001) and less likely to present with aneurysmal dilatation (19.5% vs 44.0%, P<0.001) and double lumen (22.1% vs 38.1%, P<0.05). There was significant positive association of diabetes mellitus (odds ratio 3.095; 95% confidence interval, 1.273 to 7.524, P=0.013) and stenosis (odds ratio 4.335, 95% confidence interval, 2.123 to 8.854, P<0.001), and an inverse association of aneurysmal dilatation (odds ratio 0.429, 95% confidence interval, 0.198 to 0.930, P=0.032) with occurrence of ischemic events in patients with sCAD. At a mean follow-up of 16.0 months, overall incidence of primary end-point was 9.3% (n=15). Cox regression analysis showed cerebral ischemia at onset, arterial occlusion, obesity or overweightness were significant predictors of the primary endpoint., Conclusions: This study confirms that diabetes mellitus and arterial stenosis are risk factors of ischemic events for sCAD patients. Cerebral ischemia at onset, arterial occlusion, obesity or overweightness are predictors of primary endpoint at follow-up.

Objective: To study the volatile compounds of Salix babylonica, and to provide scientific basis for efficacy of attracting natural enemies and medicinal value of Salix babylonica., Methods: The volatile compounds were collected from Salix babylonica by dy- namic headspace absorption method, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrum( GC-MS)., Results: Forty-one volatile com- pounds were identified from Salix babylonica. Intact plant of Salix babylonica had thirty-three kinds of volatile compounds and aphid-in- fested plant of Salix babylonica had thirty-eight kinds of volatile compounds. The volatile components of intact plant and aphid-infested plant had significant differences in the composition and proportion. Among them,the volatile components of aphid-infested plant added six kinds of vinyl materials,one kind of aldehyde and one kind of ketone., Conclusion: Adding volatile components,which included vinyl materials,aldehydes and ketones,might have the efficacy of attracting natural enemies. The volatile components might play an important role in the ecological protection for Salix babylonica. The functional components from the volatile compounds had good medicinal value, which are worthy of further research.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haploidentical stem cell transplantation in nonmalignant hematologic diseases., Method: To analyze the outcome of 13 patients with nonmalignant hematologic diseases who underwent HLA haploidentical stem cell transplantation from September 2001 to October 2013., Results: Thirteen patients including 9 of severe aplastic anemia, 3 of severe β thalassemia, 1 of congenital pure red cell aplastic anemia underwent HLA haploidentical stem cell transplantation. Three HLA loci mismatched in 4 cases, two HLA loci mismatched in 8 cases and one HLA locus mismatched in 1 case. The conditioning regime consisted of Fludarabine (30 mg×m(-2)×d(-1)×5 d ), Busulfan(0.8 mg×kg(-1)×6h(-1)×4 d), Cyclophosphamide (60 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1)×2 d ), rabbit anti-human lymphocyte globulin ( 2.5 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1)×5 d ). To prevent from graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), cyclosporin A and short term methotrexate (MTX) were used. All patients were successfully engrafted. The incidence of grade 1-2 acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) was 3/13, and that of grade 3-4 was 1/13. The cumulative incidence of total chronic GVHD (cGVHD) was 3/13. Eleven patients survived free of disease at a median follow-up period of 13 months (2-145)., Conclusion: HLA haploidentical stem cell transplantation is an effective and safe therapy for nonmalignant hematologic diseases.

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of high temperature and humidity stress [(40 +/- 2) degrees C/(30 +/- 2) degrees C, RH (95 +/- 5)%/(70 +/- 5)%, 10 h/14 h (day/night)] at the physiological maturity stage of two spring soybean cultivars (Xiangdou No. 3 and Ningzhen No. 1) on seed vigor indices, main nutritional components and coat anatomical structure. High temperature and humidity stress were found to cause the decrease of seed viability, germination potential, and germination percentage as well as the dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activities, but increased the seed cell membrane permeability as well as H+, soluble sugar and leucine levels in the seed soaking liquid of each cultivar. Moreover, the stress led to irregular changes of seed oil and protein contents and alteration of anatomical structure of episperm and hilum in the two cultivars. A shortterm stress (less than 5 h) had no significant impact on seed vigor, but a long-term one (more than 48 h) caused rapid decrease of seed vigor indices. Xiangdou No. 3 showed less decreases in seed germination potential and enzyme activities, and less increase in extravasation content in the seed soaking liquid, had compact seed coat and intact hilum, suggesting it was more resistant to high temperature and humidity stress.

Objective: To study the volatile compounds of fresh tea leaves from Yaoluoping Nature Preserve, and to provide scientific basis for the quality and medicinal value of tea from high mountainous area., Methods: The volatile compounds were extracted from fresh tea leaves by simultaneous distillation and extraction, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GC-MS)., Results: 41 volatile compounds were identified from two tea cultivars, Shifoxiang and Shifocui. Shifoxiang had 32 kinds of volatile compounds and Shifocui had 38 kinds of volatile compounds. The main volatile components of Shifoxiang and Shifocui were green leaf volatiles. The kind and relative content of terpenes of Shifocui were more than that of Shifoxiang. Also the kind and relative content of ketones of Shifocui were more than that of Shifoxiang. There was one kind of heterocyclic compound of Shifocui., Conclusion: The main volatile components of Shifoxiang and Shifocui had an important role for the formation of unique aroma of high mountain ous tea. The composition and proportion of volatile components between Shifoxiang and Shifocui had certain differences. Some trace components may be associated with defense in the process of tea plant growth. The functional components from the volatile components had good medicinal value, worthy of further research.

Background & Problems: The Bureau of Health Promotion provides oral mucosal screening services for those at high-risk of oral cancer in order to detect and treat early-stage oral cancer. However, the low rate of follow up for abnormal cases been associated with a rising mortality rate., Purpose: This project seeks to improve the follow-up rate of patients with abnormal oral mucosal diagnoses at our hospital., Resolutions: We analyzed the current data and found that reasons for poor follow up included: patients' lack of knowledge, inconvenience in accessing the hospital, unwillingness to pay additional fees, and inadequate health education from healthcare providers. Therefore, we proposed several action measures that were developed between June and October 2012. These measures included: designating healthcare staff for oral mucosal screening, improving procedures in oral mucosal screening, tracking and referral of abnormal cases, encouraging medical staff to provide more health education in clinical sessions, and increasing distribution of health-education materials., Results: After implementation, the follow-up rate for abnormal oral mucosal cases in our hospital increased from 64.2% to 95.3%., Conclusions: This project significantly improved the follow-up rate for abnormal oral mucosal cases as part of our overall goal of the early detection and treatment of oral cancer.

Objective: To observe the effects of increased-intensity conditioning regimen with FBCA (Fludarabine, Busulfan, Cyclophosphamide, and Antithymocyte globulin) for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in acquired severe aplastic anemia (SAA)., Methods: From January 2000 to June 2011, twenty-two patients (male 12, female 10) with SAA underwent allo-HSCT with FBCA conditioning regimen which consisted of fludarabine (30 mg·m⁻²·d⁻¹×5 d), busulfan (3 mg/kg×2 d), cyclophosphamide (60 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹×2 d) and ATG (2.5 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹×5 d). GVHD prophylaxis was performed by cyclosporine and short-term course methotrexate. Nine patients received mobilized peripheral blood stem cells transplantation and 13 patients underwent mobilized peripheral blood combined with bone marrow stem cells. Fourteen cases were human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched related donors, while the other 8 cases were HLA-haploidentical transplantation. Engraftment was documented by short tandem repeats with polymerase chain reaction (STR-PCR) on approximately day + 30, + 90, + 180, + 1 year and + 2 year, respectively. Long-term survival and transplantation-related complications were analyzed., Results: All patients obtained prompt and sustained hematopoietic reconstitution. Median time for neutrophil and PLT engraftment was 15 (range: 11-22) days and 16 (range: 12-27) days, respectively. All patients were full donor chimerism identified by STR-PCR. 2 of the total 22 cases (9.1%) had grade I-III acute GVHD and 3 (15.8%) was chronic GVHD. Three patients (13.6%) died of transplantation related mortality and the other 19 cases were disease-free survival with a median time of 24 (range: 0.5-140.5) months. The causes of death were cytomegalovirus pneumonia (n=1), acute GVHD (n=1) and severe pulmonary infection (n=1)., Conclusion: Increased-intensity of FBCA conditioning regimen could favor donor stem cell sustained engraftment for allo-HSCT in SAA.

To study the effect of different human target's spectral reflective characteristic on low light level (LLL) image intensifier's distance, based on the spectral characteristics of the night-sky radiation and the spectral reflective coefficients of common clothes, we established a equation of human body target's spectral reflective distribution, and analyzed the spectral reflective characteristics of different human targets wearing the clothes of different color and different material, and from the actual detection equation of LLL image intensifier distance, discussed the detection capability of LLL image intensifier for different human target. The study shows that the effect of different human target's spectral reflective characteristic on LLL image intensifier distance is mainly reflected in the average reflectivity rho(-) and the initial contrast of the target and the background C0. Reflective coefficient and spectral reflection intensity of cotton clothes are higher than polyester clothes, and detection capability of LLL image intensifier is stronger for the human target wearing cotton clothes. Experimental results show that the LLL image intensifiers have longer visual ranges for targets who wear cotton clothes than targets who wear same color but polyester clothes, and have longer visual ranges for targets who wear light-colored clothes than targets who wear dark-colored clothes. And in the full moon illumination conditions, LLL image intensifiers are more sensitive to the clothes' material.

Objective: To investigate polysomnographic determinants of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and potential relationship in Chinese patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAS)., Methods: A total of 410 patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome were analyzed retrospectively who were obtained in Sleep medicine center of West China hospital from January to April in 2010. All of the patients with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) greater than 5 h(-1) were evaluated using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and sleep disorders questionnaire. The patients who ESS score was more than 10 were defined as EDS; otherwise, the other was considered to without EDS., Results: A total of 176 patients with EDS (ESS: 15 ± 3) and 234 without EDS (ESS: 6 ± 3) were studied. Patients with EDS were slightly higher BMI (28 ± 4 vs 26 ± 4) and shorter REM sleep latency (99 ± 65 vs 125 ± 81) than patients without EDS. Furthermore, there were significant difference in awake SaO2, AHI, minimum SaO2, oxygen desaturation index and arousal index between EDS group were No-EDS group (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in waking SaO2 of severe OSAS between both groups., Conclusion: Long-term chronic hypoxia already exists in severe OSAS patients with prominent sleepiness. Waking SaO2 may play a role as a predictor in evaluation and diagnosis in patients with OSAS.

Objective: To evaluate the results in patients who had ossicular chain reconstruction with a new type ossicular prostheses mixed bone morphogenetic protein and hydroxyapatite., Method: Analyze The effect of ossiculoplasty were analyzed in 59 cases. Ossiculoplasty using HA-BMP prostheses was performed in 26 ears,PORP was performed in 19 ears, TORP was performed in 7 ears., Result: The hearing success rate was 92.3% of 26 ears and no extrusion were found in HA-BMP group. There was a significant difference in mean postoperative air-bone gap between HA-BMP prostheses and autograft bone., Conclusion: The new type HA-BMP prostheses can provide stable hearing results with high success rate over time.

Excessive crying and fussing in young infants, often called "infantile colic", is a common and often serious problem for parents. It is also associated with infant sleep disturbance and possible disruptions in family life. As such, parents may undertake a variety of actions to stop excessive infant crying, some of which may be detrimental to infant health (e.g., physical shaking). Despite its potentially substantial negative health consequences, there remains no consensus regarding a definitive definition of excessive crying. Available definitions mostly focus on infant crying duration and its effect on parents. A number of different definitions, measurements, causes of crying, and settling management are presented in this article to help foster an understanding of this issue among nurses and to assist parents to cope effectively.

Fatigue is a common symptom in children with cancer who are receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Because the treatment of cancer in pediatric oncology patients involves intensive chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatment aimed at curing the condition, fatigue tends to be ignored by health care providers. This article aims to discuss "fatigue" from the following perspectives: definition, related conceptual/theoretical framework, studies related to pediatric oncology patients, assessment of fatigue, factors related to quality of life. The ultimate goal of this review is to provide guidelines for health care providers dealing with fatigue in pediatric oncology patients.

Objective: To look for a simple and convenient surgical method to treat the maxillary sinus polyp and cyst., Method: By means of Rudolf 4.5 mm cannula paracentetic needle trough inferior nasal meatus the polyp and cyst were be cut by cutter., Result: For half a year, 50 cases were followed and no relapse was found by X-ray or CT., Conclusion: Maxillary sinus polyp and cyst can be excised by endoscope surgery through inferior canal, and it is a minimally invasive operation. The effective is positive.

From Oct. 1987 to Oct. 1993, 704 patients with femoral shaft fracture were managed at our hospital. Among these, 12 patients were with combined femoral shaft and neck fracture (2%). The age ranged from 17 years to 58 years (average 38.2 years). Eleven patients were victims of traffic accidents and another 1 fell from a height. Most of them had associated injuries, including fractures elsewhere, head injury, chest and abdominal trauma. Five of them were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with Huckstep intramedullary nail, 2 with Kuntscher nail and Knowles' pin, 2 with plate and compression hip screw, 2 with plate and Knowles' pin and one patient was managed with Kuntscher nail and traction. Ten patients were followed up for more than 3 years, and the other 2 lost follow-up at 5 months and 12 months. The fractures were all united with 2 malunions. Complications included 3 deep infections and one avascular necrosis.

From March 1991 to June 1992, thirteen patients with humeral shaft fracture were managed at our hospital with closed reduction and internal fixation with Ender nails. These patients were mainly victims of traffic accidents and falls and had fractures, head injuries, and chest trauma. The follow-up period was more than 1 year. Operations were performed under C-arm guide and, according to the method of Hall and Pankovich, divided into antegrade and retrograde methods. The average operation time was 104 minutes, ranging from 70 to 160 minutes, and blood loss was less than 100 ml. Twelve patients were available for follow-up with 11 unions (91.6%), and the functional results were satisfactory. Complications included 2 nails backing out and one iatrogenic fracture. There was no infection and no radial nerve injury. We concluded that for those humeral shaft fractures with surgical indication, Ender nailing was a good choice. The advantages include a simple procedure, lower infection rate and less nonunions.

Due to the development of newer generation of lithotriptor, the anesthesia for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) was variable recently. To compare opioid analgesia with epidural lidocaine for their efficacy in pain control, hemodynamic changes, side effects and patient acceptance during ESWL, sixty unpremedicated patients undergoing elective ESWL for upper urinary calculi with second generation Dornier MFL 5000 nonimmersion lithotriptor were randomly assigned equally into one of the following managements: Group E: 1% epidural lidocaine with 1:200000 epinephrine; Group A: 15 micrograms/kg alfentanil initially and 7 micrograms/kg on demand intravenously; Group F: 4 micrograms/kg fentanyl initially and 2 micrograms/kg on demand intravenously. Significant hypotension and bradycardia occurred in Gp.E as compared to baseline value (p < 0.05). Early respiratory depression was observed in both Gp. A and Gp. F, but Gp. A showed significantly shorter period (2 to 5 minutes) as compared to Gp.F (2 to 15 minutes). Under the insufflation of oxygen by nasal cannula, mean PaCO2 increased maximally to 50 mmHg, but no arterial oxygen desaturation (< 90%) was noted in Gp.A and Gp.F. The incidence of post-ESWL nausea was higher in Gp.F (p < 0.05), shivering and delayed recovery time were the main disturbing problems in Gp.E (p < 0.01). Although five-point verbal pain scale was significantly higher in Gp.A and Gp.F (at 30 to 45 minutes during ESWL) as compared to Gp.E, acceptance among patients was high throughout the course. We conclude that different anesthetic plans should be determined on different lithotriptors settings and patient's physical condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The patient undergoing open-heart surgery depends on hypothermia and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to maintain organ perfusion during cardiac arrest. Increased blood viscosity during hypothermic CPB might be life-threatening, so hemodilution is imperative. Fourteen open-heart patients of ASA class II-III were included in this study. Pre- and intra-CPB viscosity changes were observed. Before CPB, 6 ml blood sample was drawn out from open-heart patients after systemic heparinization and another 6 ml blood sample was drawn out from the oxygenator after CPB was established. The hematocrit and relative viscosity of each sample in different temperatures were measured. The result revealed that as the temperature decreases, the viscosity of each sample increases apparently. As compared to the pre-CPB blood sample, the hematocrit of blood obtained intra-CPB decreases from 36.81 to 27.04, (p < 0.001), and the viscosity also decreases at all different temperatures (p < 0.001). Blood viscosity obtained at 37 degrees C pre-bypass is not statistically different from the sample at 25 degrees C during bypass. Obviously, increased viscosity due to hypothermia is buffered by hemodilution after using large amount of fluid as priming solution during CPB. Therefore, the hematocrit and viscosity remain within physiologic ranges.

Ten children, diagnosed as having typhoid fever, were enrolled in this study between April and September, 1989. Ceftriaxone was administered intravenously, in two dosages adding to 50-100 mg/kg/day over as short a period as five days. The mean period of defervescence was 3.2 days. No adverse reactions to the drug occurred; all those fulfilling the prescribed course were cured. To date, no relapse has been reported nor has any patient become a chronic carrier. Shortterm use of Ceftriaxone had the advantages of rapid response, abscence of serious side effects, and low failure rate in treating children with typhoid fever.

Barium intoxication, a rare cause of hypokalemia, can sometimes result in respiratory paralysis and ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Herein, we report one such case. A 29-year-old man swallowed barium-contaminated fried flour-coated sweet potatoes. Then, abdominal discomfort, vomiting, diarrhea, progressive muscular weakness, apnea and ventricular tachycardia developed and laboratory data revealed profound hypokalemia. He regained his health after mechanical ventilation, anti-arrhythmic agent and aggressive potassium chloride supplement. Analysis of blood, urine and contaminated flour showed the presence of barium carbonate. Barium intoxication is a medical emergency which requires rapid therapy to prevent mortality.

Cavernous hemangioma of the heart is a very rare disease. A 57-year-old male patient was admitted due to frequent onset of dull chest pain, which had been occurring for about 1 year. The pain was not related to exercise and was not relieved with nitroglycerin. On echocardiographic examination, a tumor was shown in the outflow tract of the right ventricle and was confirmed with computer tomography. He underwent open heart surgery for resection of the tumor. After a median sternotomy and opening of the pericardial cavity, a reddish-brown-colored tumor, 3 cm in diameter, was found protruding from the epicardial layer of the right ventricular outflow tract. The tumor involved all layers of the ventricle and could be resected only with the help of the cardiopulmonary bypass technique. The defect in the right ventricle was repaired with a woven dacron patch. The patient recovered without incident after the operation, and experienced no chest pain during 7 months of follow-up. Histology showed it to be a cavernous hemangioma.

Assessment of the size of the anterior fontanel is used as an index of cranial development from birth to the second year of life. From January to May, 1988, measurements of anterior fontanel size were collected for all available newborns and infants from the nursery and well-baby clinics. The size of anterior fontanel was measured as the average value of the length (anterior-posterior dimension) and the width (transverse dimension), as proposed by Popich in 1972. Any fontanel too small to be measured was judged to be closed. Totally 704 subjects, divided into 10 groups by age (3 days, 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 24 months) were measured. Results showed that the mean size of anterior fontanel in these 10 groups was 26.7 mm, 25.8 mm, 24.9 mm, 25.7 mm, 20.2 mm, 14.9 mm, 11.5 mm, 10.2 mm, 13.0 mm, and 12.1 mm, respectively. Results also showed a variation of fontanel size in all groups. There was a tendency toward decrease in fontanel size after six months of age. There were no significant differences in size and age of closure of the anterior fontanel between two sexes. Closure of the fontanel was first noted in about 5% of the babies 6 months after term, but in about 8% of the babies at 24 months of age, the fontanel had not closed. The median age of fontanel closure was 14.5 months in males and 14.3 months in females.