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Three cases with age-related cerebral small vessel disease and normal pressure hydrocephalus in the Department of Neurology of Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively reviewed. All the patients exhibited gait disturbance, cognitive impairment and urinary incontinence. Meanwhile, the Craniocerebral imaging demonstrated cerebral small vessel disease and communicating hydrocephalus. The cerebralspinal fluid (CSF) Aβ42 levels decreased, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes were ε3/ε4,ε3/ε3,ε2/ε3, respectively. After treatment in an all-cause individualized manner, the symptoms of 3 patients were stable or improved.

Objective: To investigate whether the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ) 677C/T polymorphisms were related to the prevalence of 46,XX premature ovarian failure (POF) in Chinese Han women., Methods: Infertile Chinese Han women were divided into 2 groups: POF group ( n =147) and control group ( n =166).The expression of MTHFR gene in peripheral blood was determined by RT-PCR. The 677C/T genotype of MTHFR gene was identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Genotype frequencies and allele frequencies were counted. PCR product were randomly examined for gene sequencing to verify whether the amplified fragment. Relationship between MTHFR gene polymorphism and clinical characteristics of idiopathic POF was analyzed., Results: The results of gene sequencing showed that the PCR amplification fragment was the target gene fragment, and the sequencing showed that the genotype was 100% consistent with the enzymatic display genotype. The MTHFR 677C/T genotype distribution in both the POF group and the control group was consistent with the Hardy-Weinbreg balance law ( P >0.05). The frequencies of CC, CT and TT genotypes of MTHFR 677C/T were 48.3%, 40.8% and 10.9% in the POF group, and 37.3%, 47.6% and 15.1% in the control group, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of genotypes between the two groups ( χ 2 =4.04, P >0.05). The T, C allele frequencies were 31.3% and 68.7% in POF, 38.9% and 61.1% in control group, there were no significant differences in the frequencies of T, C alleles between the two groups ( χ 2 =3.90, P =0.05). Subgroup analyzes in POF group, no significant difference were detected between CC and CT+TT genotypes in menopause age, FSH, E2, endometrial thickness and antral follicle number., Conclusions: The distribution of the MTHFR 677C/T polymorphisms in Chinese Han POF population was not significantly different from controls, implying that MTHFR gene polymorphisms may not be the risk factor of idiopathic POF occurred in Chinese., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition).)

This paper is in order to study the anti-feeding and growth inhibition activity of toatal ginsenoside of ginseng stems and leaves against 4th-instar Mythimna separata larvae. Simulating natural growing condition indoors, on the base, To study the anti-feeding and growth inhibition activity of toatal ginsenoside against 4th-instar M. separata larvae by leaf disc test. The toatal ginsenoside appeared to be of significant antifeeding activity against 4th-instar M. separata larvae. The 4th-instar M. separata larvae fed on the leaves of Sorghum bicolor treated with 20, 10, 5 g · L(-1) toatal ginsenoside. At 8 h, non-selective anti-feeding rate were 88.67%, 64.40% and 47.36%, and selective anti-feeding rate were 62.49% , 44.29% and 34.19%; Compared with the photographic, The toatal ginsenoside conld make the development period had prolonged 13h in treated group. The toatal ginsenoside had significant inhibition effect on feeding and growth and development against 4th-instar M. separata larvae, and inhibition effect increases as the increase of concentration ginsenoside.

Under indoors simulating natural growing condition, the 4th-instar Mythimna separata larvae were fed by using poi- son leaf disk method. The effect of total ginsenosides on the protective enzymes (PPO, T-SOD, CAT and POD) of M. separata larvae was studied. The total ginsenosides could influence the protective enzymes of 4th-instar M. separata larvae significantly. After treated by total ginsenosides, the PPO activities increased firstly then decreased, and tended to equilibrium, and reached the maximum after 48 h. Furthermore, the total ginsenosides disturbed the dynamic balance of SOD, CAT and POD of M. separata larvae, and the yield of O2-* speeded. The results suggest that the total ginsenosides influence the protective enzymes of 4th-instar M. separata larvae, and disturb the original dynamic balance of protective enzymes. Consequently the insect suffers from the harm of O2-*.

Objective: To investigate the preventing effect of Fukang oral liquid (fuk) in intrauterine adhesions and its effects on the expression of TGFbeta-1, PAI-1 and MMP-9 in endometrium of rats with intrauterine adhesions., Methods: 50 female wistar rats were divided into high, medium, low dose of Fukang oral liquid group (Hfuk, Mfuk, Lfuk), blank control group (Bcon), and model control group (Mcon) (n = 10 in each group). The rats in Hfuk, Mfuk and Lfuk groups were treated with intragastric administration of 4 mL, 2 mL and 1 mL Fukang Oral Liquid per day, while the rats in Mcon group and Bcon group received 2 mL physiological saline intragastric administration per day. All of rats were executed on 10th day and the sample of endometrium was harvested for the study of histology and morphology and the expression of TGFbeta-1, PAI-1 and MMP-9., Results: Under the light microscope, the organizational structure of the uterine cavity and uterine wall was clear in Bcon group, the uterine cavity disappeared in Mcon group, and the layers structure remained normal arrangement in three fuk treated groups. TGFbeta-1 and PAI-1 protein expressions in Hfuk, Mfuk, Lfuk groups were less than those in Mcon group (P < 0.001), but MMP-9 protein expressions were higher. (P < 0.001)., Conclusion: Fukang oral liquid show preventing effect on IUA, the mechanism may be related to its effects on the expressions of TGF-beta1, PAI-1, and MMP-9 in the endometrium.

Objective: This study aims to reveal the effect of total ginsenoside on the protein content and digestive enzyme activities of 4th-instar Mythimna separata larvae, including alpha-amylase and cellulose, and explore the ecological function of total ginsenoside., Method: While simulating natural growing condition indoors, 4th-instar M. separata larvae were fed by poison leaf disk method. The protein content was tested by Lowry Protein Assay Kit method, the activity of alpha-amylase was measured by dinitrosalicylic acid test, and the activity of cellulase was determined by the filter paper method., Result: The total ginsenoside could reduce the content of protein of 4th-instar M. separata larvae significantly, and the activity of digestive enzyme, including alpha-amylase and cellulase. The protein content, alpha-amylase and cellulase activity of treatments were obviously lower than that of the control. Inhibition ratio of alpha-amylase and cellulase activity was positively correlated with total ginsenoside concentration: i. e. 20 g x L(-1) > 10 g x L(-1) > 5 g x L(-1)., Conclusion: The results suggest that the inhibition effect of total ginsenoside on protein content and digestive enzymes may be one of the causes to antifeedant and dysplasia of M. separata larvae.

Objective: To study the anti-feeding effect of total ginsenoside of ginseng stems and leaves on Heliothis dipsacea larvae., Method: The natural growing condition for lavae was simulated indoors. The anti-feeding effect of total ginsenoside on Heliothis dipsacea larvae was studied by leaf disc test., Result: The total ginsenoside appeared showed a significant antifeeding effect. The Heliothis dipsacea larvae fed with the leaves of soybean treated with 2.0%, 1.0% and 0.5% total ginsenoside, respectively. At 8 h, non-selective anti-feeding rate were 93.40%, 83.42% and 75.19%, and selective anti-feeding rate were 77.53% , 73.58% and 58.86%., Conclusion: The toatal ginsenoside had significant inhibition effect on Heliothis dipsacea larvae, and inhibition effect increases as the increase of concentration ginsenoside.

Objective: To screen and analyze CD34(+) cell specific microRNAs (miRNAs) from the patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and their expression., Methods: CD34(+) cells were sorted from AML patients or the mobilized peripheral blood of the donors of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (normal control subjects) and followed by the extraction of the cell total RNAs. The differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs, miR) were selected after hybridizing with miRNA microarray, real time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) was subsequently applied to confirm the expression of the selected miRs, and PCR products were further cloned and sequenced to check their specificity., Results: Of the differentially expressed miRNAs, 191 were found to be at least one-fold change in the CD34(+) cells between the AML patients and the normal control subjects. Of the 191 miRNAs, the expression difference of 94 was significant (P < 0.05). Among these 94 miRNAs, the expression of 44 miRNAs was increased and the other 50 miRNAs was decreased in the CD34(+) cells from the bone marrow of AML patients compared with the CD34(+) cells from the mobilized peripheral blood of the normal control subjects. Real time PCR verified that the expression level of miR-10a and miR-220c in the CD34(+) cells from the bone marrow of AML patients was 19.6% and 19.0% of that of CD34(+) cells from mobilized peripheral blood of the normal control subjects. DNA sequencing and BLAST DNA database searching results indicated that the PCR products were really miR-10a and miR-220c., Conclusion: A variety of differentially expressed-miRNAs are existed between AML and normal control subjects CD34(+) cells, the expression of miR-10a and miR-220c was significantly down-regulated in the CD34(+) cells from the bone marrow of AML patients.

A little is known about the specific marker on the surface of acute leukemia cells, leading to the lack of the specific diagnosis method for acute leukemia. Therefore, in this study, cell-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (cSELEX) was performed to screen the aptamers binding to CD33(+)/CD34(+) cells from the patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) of M(2) subtype (AML-M₂) so as to provide the basis for finding the specific marker on the surface of AML-M(2) CD33(+)/CD34(+) cells. Firstly, AML-M₂ CD33(+)/CD34(+) cells were sorted and used as targeted cells, and normal CD33(+)/CD34(+)cells were used as counter-targeted cells; the aptamers binding to CD33(+)/CD34(+) cells from patients with AML-M₂ were screened from the single strand deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) library by cSELEX. Subsequently, each aptamer structure was analyzed after cloning and sequencing. The results indicated that after 13 round of screenings, the enrichment of aptamers in the ssDNA library was ranged from 0.7% to 52.9%, and reached steady state at 13th round screening. Sequence analysis for 30 aptamers showed that most of the aptamers born one of the three conserved sequences of CCCCT, CTCTC, and CTCAC. Secondary structure analysis indicated that three different secondary structures existed in these aptamers. It is concluded that the aptamers binding to the AML-M(2) CD33(+)/CD34(+) cells are successfully screened, which lay the basis for further looking for the specific marker on the surface of AML-M₂ CD33(+)/CD34(+) cells, and the molecular diagnosis of the AML-M₂ leukemia.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic intracranial artery stenosis in middle-aged and elderly population in the community of Foshan city, Guangdong province., Methods: Subjects from residential communities were chosen through Cluster sampling method. Physical data and history were collected. Serum fasting glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations were tested with venous blood samples. Intracranial artery stenosis was diagnosed by transcranial Doppler (TCD). Data was analyzed by the software SPSS 18.0., Results: 1405 subjects met the inclusive criteria, among which 163 (11.6%) were found one (7.4%) or more (4.2%) stenotic arteries, and the standardized rate was 10.3%. 9.89% of the SICA, and 3.05%, 2.29%, 1.59%, 1.38%, 0.89% of basilar artery, middle cerebral artery, anterior cerebral artery, vertebral artery, posterior cerebral artery were found stenotic respectively. Data from the age-stratified analysis showed that the prevalence in these above 70 (27.8%) was significantly higher than that under age 70 (7.5%) (P = 0.000). Single factor and logistic regression analysis demonstrated the history of diabetes mellitus and elevated systolic pressure present were significantly different between stenotic group and the non-stenotic group (P = 0.000, P = 0.000), which were the independent risk factors of asymptomatic stenosis of intracranial arteries (OR = 2.362, 95%CI: 1.194 - 4.674;OR = 1.024, 95%CI: 1.016 - 1.031)., Conclusion: Comparatively high prevalence of asymptomatic intracranial artery stenosis in middle-aged and aged community population was found in the Southern part of China, especially among the age group above 70. History of diabetes and elevated systolic pressure seemed to be the independent risk factors of asymptomatic stenosis of intracranial arteries.

Constitutive activation of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) exists in a variety of leukemia, and induction of apoptosis through blocking NF-κB activation may be an alternative strategy for leukemia treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the inducing effect of modified adenovirus 5-based adenovirus vector (i.e. chimeric Ad5F35 Vec)-mediated expression of mutant IκBα (IκBαDN) on apoptosis of HL-60 cells. The recombinant Ad5F35-IκBαDN Vec carrying IκBαDN cDNA which deleted the first 1-70 amino acids coding sequences at 5' terminal of human IκBα was transfected into HL-60 cells. The apoptosis, NF-κB DNA binding activity, the expressions of IκBα, cIAP-2 and xIAP in HL-60 cells were detected by DNA binding assay, flow cytometry, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot respectively. The results showed that apoptosis rates were 22.53 ± 2.999%, 6.08 ± 2.464% and 4.86 ± 1.366% for Ad5F35-IκBαDN Vec-infected or blank vector of Ad5F35-EGFP Vec-transfected and untransfected HL-60 cells respectively, which showed a significant difference between Ad5F35-IκBαDN Vec-transfected and untransfected cells (p < 0.001) and between Ad5F35-IκBαDN Vec-transfected and Ad5F35-EGFP Vec-transfected cells (p < 0.001, p < 0.002), while NF-κB DNA binding activity was decreased, the truncated IκBα was expressed, and IκBα mRNA expression was up-regulated, but the expression of cIAP-2 and xIAP mRNA was down-regulated after transduction for 48 hours. It is concluded that the chimeric Ad5F35 Vec can effectively mediate the expression of IκBαDN cDNA in HL-60 cells, leading to the inhibition of NF-κB DNA binding activity and inducing apoptosis of HL-60 cells.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between abdominal obesity and intracranial artery stenosis and the underlying mechanism., Methods: By cluster sampling, 1405 adult Han people were selected from the residential communities. Among them, 1035 people conformed to the inclusion criteria. Medical history was documented and body height, body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure were measured. Venous blood samples were collected to detect the serum concentrations of fasting glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides. Serum nitric oxide (NO) level was determined by cadmium reduction method. Middle cerebral artery stenosis (MCAS) was diagnosed by transcranial Doppler. The SPSS 11.0 software package was used for data analysis., Results: MCA stenosis was found in 66 subjects (6.4%). Univariate analysis showed history of hypertension, history of ischemic heart disease, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were the risk factors for MCAS and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was a risk factor only in males. Logistic regression demonstrated history of hypertension was an independent risk factor for MCAS both in males and females (P = 0.011, P = 0.009) and WHR for MCAS only in males (P = 0.030). Among males and females over 55 years old, the NO levels were higher in people with a higher WHR and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.042, P = 0.016); however the NO levels for people with a varying WHR showed statistically insignificant difference among females under 55 years old (P = 0.228)., Conclusion: Hypertension and abdominal obesity are important risk factors for MCAS. Endothelial cell dysfunction and an elevated level of oxidative stress may be involved in the atherogenetic mechanism of abdominal obesity while estrogen may play a protective role in it.

Objective: To compare the morphology and proliferation of primordial and primary follicles in fresh and vitrificated human ovarian tissues., Methods: Human ovarian tissues were cryopreserved by direct cover vitrification (DCV) for 2 weeks. The morphology of the primordial and primary follicles from the frozen-thawed tissues was compared with those from the fresh tissues. Both fresh and cryopreservation tissues were cultured for 48 hours before the tissues were embedded in paraffin block for immunohistochemical staining for PCNA., Results: The distribution of primordial and primary follicles in the fresh ovarian tissues was not different from that in the frozen tissues. The cryopreserved tissues had less abnormal morphology in primordial follicles than in primary follicles, but no difference was found between the cryopreserved tissues and fresh tissues. Positive staining on PCNA expression in granulsa cells and oocyte of transitional follicles and primary follicles as well as stromal cells were found in fresh, fresh cultured and cryopreserved cultured ovarian tissues. The fresh tissues had less positive staining on PCNA in the follicle than in the fresh cultured and cryopresered cultured tissues., Conclusion: Cryopreserved human ovarian tissues by DCV can maintain partial primordial and primary follicles. Follicles in cryopreserved ovarian tissues can initiate development in vitro culture.

Objective: To explore the risk factors of breast cancer for better control and prevention of the malignancy., Methods: The clinical data of 232 patients with pathologically established breast cancer were investigated in this 1:1 case-control study to identify the risk factors of breast cancer., Results: The history of benign breast diseases, family history of carcinoma and multiple abortions were the statistically significant risk factors of breast cancer, while breast feeding was the protective factor., Conclusion: A history of benign breast diseases, family history of carcinoma and multiple abortions are all risk factors of breast cancer.

Objective: To compare the accuracy of 64-slice computed tomography and coronary angiography in the diagnosis of coronary atherosclerosis., Methods: The imaging data of both 64-slice computed tomography and coronary angiography in 65 patients were analyzed retrospectively., Results: Among the 455 coronary arteries evaluated, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 64-slice computed tomography were 54.6%, 95.1%, and 85.5%, respectively., Conclusion: 64-slice computed tomography has a good potential in the diagnosis of coronary atherosclerosis with excellent sensitivity and specificity.

Objective: To determine the level of NO in the peritoneal fluids in patients with endometriosis and to evaluate the impact of NO on human sperm motility., Methods: Peritoneal fluids were taken from 19 patients with Endometriosis, 16 infertile patients with Endometriosis, and 21 patients without Endometriosis (control group). The macrophages in the peritoneal fluids were segregated and cultivated. The concentrations of NO metabolin (nitrate and nitrite) were measured. Human sperms were incubated with the culture fluids to detect the motility of the sperms., Results: The patients with Endometriosis had significant higher levels of NO in the peritoneal fluids than the controls (P < 0.05). The motility of sperms declined significantly in the culture fluids of infertile patients with Endometriosis compared with the fertile patients with Endometriosis and the controls (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Elevated NO in the peritoneal fluids in patients with endometriosis may play a role in the pathogeneses of Endometriosis-associated infertility.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of progesterone in the peritoneal fluid on human sperm motility in the infertile patients with endometriosis., Methods: Peritoneal fluids were collected from 41 patients by laparoscopy, of which 17 were infertile patients with endometriosis, 11 were fertile patients with endometriosis and 13 were fertile controls. The concentrations of progesterone in the peritoneal fluids were measured by the immulyze-enzyme amplified luminescence system. After 4 h of incubation in vitro with the collected peritoneal fluids, sperm motility was assessed by the computer-assisted analyzer (CASA)., Results: The concentrations of progesterone in the peritoneal fluids in the patients (infertile patients with endometriosis, fertile patients with endometriosis and the fertile controls) did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) in the proliferate phase. The sperms incubated with the peritoneal fluids from the patients with endometriosis had significant lower sperm motion parameters (A, VCL, VSL, VAP, ALH) than those of the fertile controls (P < 0.05). Although the sperm motility incubated with the peritoneal fluids from the patients with endometriosis was enhanced by the exogenous progesterone, no significant correlation was established between the concentrations of progesterone in the peritoneal fluids and the sperm motility (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: The peritoneal fluids of infertile patients with endometriosis inhibit the sperm motility. The inhibition is not associated with the concentrations of progesterone in the peritoneal fluids. However, the sperm motility can be enhanced by adding exogenous progesterone to the peritoneal fluids.

Objective: To explore the risk factors of middle cerebral artery stenosis (MCAS) in a dynamic manner so as to supply evidence to help prevent cerebral stroke based on the results of epidemiological study., Methods: 2500 residents were sampled randomly from the residents of Rongqi town and underwent questionnaire survey, physical examination, transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD), and detection of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) in 2002, and 1068 of them that conformed with the criteria: (1) without symptoms of brain ischemia, (2) with temporal window to conduct TCD, and (3) having undergone the questionnaire survey and blood biochemical examination, were enrolled for lone-term study. In 2006 844 of the 1068 residents remained, 277 males and 567 females, aged 60 +/- 10 (12.5 - 88) who still conformed to the criteria. Based on the results of TCD examination of MCA the residents were divided into two groups, MCAS group and non-MCAS group. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the data., Results: The morbidity of MCAS of the asymptomatic residents was 2.73% in 2002 and 4.62% in 2006. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that history of diabetes mellitus (GM) and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) were the risk factors of MCAS based on the data of 2002. But, 4 years later, history of hypertensive disease, coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes mellitus and HHcy were the risk factors and marriage status was also a factor. The changes of coronary heart disease, DM and BMI were the risk factors of MCAS., Conclusion: MCAS exists in the asymptomatic residents. History of hypertensive disease, DM, CHD and HHcy are the risk factors of MCAS Heart attack and changes of body weight contributed to MCAS.

Objective: To study the features of hypertension and vessel endothelium functional parameter in people living at the community level as well as the risk factors of hypertension. Differences of angiotensin II (Ang II ), prostacyclin (PGI2) and nitric oxide (NO) among normal group and three hypertension groups were also studied., Methods: By cluster sampling, 1134 adult Han people were selected from the residential communities. Medical history was documented and measurements of body height, body weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure were performed. Serum NO levels were determined by cadmium reduction method while plasma Ang II and PGI2 concentration were determined by radioimmunoassay. SPSS 13.0 was used for data analysis., Results: The total ratio of hypertension from people living at the community was 44.5%, with the standardized prevalence of hypertension as 15.3%. With the increase of age, the prevalence of hypertension also increased. Overweight and obesity seemed to be independent risk factors for hypertension. History of smoking and drinking and gender did not enter the logistic equation for hypertension. The amount of plasma Ang II concentration of the three hypertension groups was significantly lower than that in the normal group while the lowest group appeared to from the one that hypertension was under control. The NO and PGI2 levels of the two groups whose hypertension had been known were significantly higher than in the normal group while the difference between the group whose hypertension had not been measured and the normal group was not found., Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension had been increasing. Control of body weight seemed to be a useful way for prevention of hypertension. We assumed that the negative feedback regulation of renin-angiotonin-aldosterone system in hypertension patient still existed which called for the research on the mechanism of hypertension.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of rosiglitazone (ROS) on integrin beta1 expression and apoptosis of proximal tubular cell exposed to high glucose., Methods: The proximal tubular cells of rats were cultured in vitro and divided into 6 groups: control group, normal glucose (5 mmol/L) group, high glucose (30 mmol/L) group, only ROS (10 micromol/L) group, glucose (30 mmol/L)+ROS (5 micromol/L) group, and glucose (30 mmol/L) +ROS (10 micromol/L) group. The cells were cultured for 48 hrs and the integrin beta1 expressions were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR; The apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry after the cells were cultured for 24, 48, 72 hrs., Results: The expressions of integrin beta1 protein and mRNA of high glucose (30 mmol/L) group were significantly increased as compared with control group and normal glucose (5 mmol/L) group. The integrin beta1 of glucose (30 mmol/L)+ROS (5 or 10 micromol/L) group was decreased as compared with high glucose group (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry demonstrated the decreased apoptosis to be with time-dependence., Conclusion: ROS can strikingly inhibit the expression of integrin beta1 in proximal tubular cells exposed to high glucose, with a marked dose-dependent manner. The effect of ROS on cell apoptosis may be relevant to integrin beta1.

Objective: To study the active efflux gene qacB, qacJ and smr in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and to investigate their effect on the multi-drug resistance (MDR) of MRSA., Methods: The three pairs of ideal primers of active efflux gene qacB, qacJ and smr were designed by computer with Primer Premier 5.0 software. A total of 124 clinical isolates of MRSA were amplified respectively by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with above mentioned primers. The PCR products were separated by electrophoresis on an 1.5% agarose gel with 0.5 microg/ml ethidium bromide. Reserpine inhibition test was used to observe the changes of the susceptibility to antibiotics of MRSA which had qacB, qacJ and smr genes separately., Results: Of the 124 strains of MRSA, 86 strains had qacB, 45 strains had qacJ and 32 strains had smr gene. Reserpine inhibition test showed that the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) decreased 2 to 32 times for MRSA to levofloxacin and rifampin., Conclusion: MRSA have qacB, qacJ and smr active efflux systems, which play a very important role in multiple antibiotic resistance.

The study was aimed to investigate the expression of VEGF mRNA and VEGF protein in HL-60 cells treated with diallyl disulfide (DADS), and to explore the antileukemic mechanism of DADS in respect of VEGF production. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA were used to detect the expression of VEGF mRNA and secretion of VEGF protein in HL-60 cell lines treated by DADS respectively. The results showed that the expression of VEGF mRNA and secretion of VEGF protein were found in HL-60 cells. The expression of VEGF mRNA and secretion of VEGF protein in HL-60 cells could be down regulated by treatment with 0.625, 1.25, and 2.5 microg/mL DADS for 48 and 72 hours and the effects had a dose dependent relationship (r > 0.9, P < 0.01). The differences between DADS treated HL-60 cell groups and the control group were statistically significant (P < 0.01), there were also statistically significant differences among three DADS-treated HL-60 cell groups (P < 0.05). It is concluded that DADS effectively inhibits the proliferation of human leukemia cell line HL-60 cells; DADS exerts its antileukemic effects by reduction of the expression of VEGF mRNA and VEGF protein secretion.

Objective: To investigate the susceptibility and genotype characteristics of gram-negative bacteria producing plasmid-mediated class I cephalosporinase (AmpC beta lactamase) epidemic in Southern China., Methods: A total of 1,187 clinical isolates of nonrepetive gram-negative bacteria were collected from different cities in Southern China. AmpC beta lactamase producing isolates were identified by cefoxitin three-dimensional test, and antimicrobial susceptibility test was identified by Kirby-Bauer agar diffusion test; plasmid conjugation, plasmid extraction, universal PCR for gene amplication of corresponding group was done, and the PCR products were sequenced subsequently., Results: The positive rate of cefoxitin three-dimensional test in gram-negative bacteria was 5.9% (70/1,187), and the prevalence of plasmid-mediated AmpC beta lactamase was: E. coli: 4.2% (19/451), Klebsiella: 4.7% (16/339), Enterobacter: 2.1% (4/190), Alcaligenes: 5.3% (1/19), Acinetobacter: 2.2% (1/45) and the total positive rate was: 3.5% (41/1,187). The susceptibility test showed that compared with the clinical isolates, the transconjugations remained resistance to cephamycins and ampicillin, and susceptible to cefepime and imipenem. PCR amplication and sequencing confirmed them to be bla(DHA-1) gene and bla(ACT-1) gene, and they were mainly distributed in Klebsiella and Escherichia., Conclusions: DHA-1 and ACT-1 were the most common genotypes in plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase produced by clinical isolates in Southern China. Fourth-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems could be better choices for the treatment of infection caused by AmpC betalactamase producers.

Objective: To investigate the molecular mechanism of transferable multiple-antibiotic resistance in extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing isolates., Methods: Antibiotics susceptibility was tested by E-test method, and multi-resistance plasmids were screened and isolated by extracting transformant plasmids. Inserted gene Cassettes of class 1 integron were amplified and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing., Results: Eight of the nine ESBL-producing plasmids were found to comprise class 1 integron sequence, of them 7 harbored 1 or 2 antibiotic resistant gene cassettes which encoding resistance to aminoglycosides (aacA4, aadA2 or aadA5), trimethoprim (dhfrA12 or dfrA17), rifampicin (arr-3) and chloramphenicol (cmlA6). The function of these gene cassettes corresponded to the resistance profiles of their electro-transformants., Conclusion: Multi-resistance gene cassettes located on plasmids and mediated by class 1 integron may play an important role in causing the development and dissemination of multiple-antibiotic resistance in ESBL-producing clinical isolates.

The study was carried out in 25 postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease (CHD) and 25 matched controls. Age, menopausal time, body mass index, hypertension, smoking and occupation in CHD were not different from those in the control group. Serum lipids, apolipoproteins (apo), sex hormones and gonadotropin hormones were measured. Serum TG and apo AI/apoB100 ratio increased more significantly in CHD than in the control group. Serum apo A II decreased more significantly in CHD than in the control group. Other serum factors in CHD were not significantly different from those in the control group. Matched logistic regression analysis showed that serum TG and apo A I were probable risk factor, serum apo A II was a protected factor of CHD, and all of them were important predictors for CHD in postmenopausal women. Our results suggest that sex hormones seem to have important effects on the occurrence of CHD by esterone (E1) and progesterone (P) interrupting serum lipid and apolipoprotein metabolism. Serum E1 is related with TG, P is positively related with apo B100.