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Objective: The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is a multifunctional diaphyseal flap used to reconstruct head and neck defects. The location, destination, and source of the perforator vessels are crucial for developing a reasonable surgical plan. The small FOV technique can narrow the reconstruction field, increase image resolution, and enhance the spatial resolution of perforator vessels. The two-stage contrast injection method enhances peripheral vessel filling pressure. Multiplanar reformation (MPR) allows coronal reconstruction of the area of interest permitting observation of the distribution of the distal perforator vessels of the lateral circumflex femoral artery. Curved multiplanar reformation (CPR) generates a curved image of the perforator vessels by integrating the curved path of the perforator vessels with the volume-rendering image of the lateral circumflex femoral artery to determine the location and course of the perforator vessels. This study was performed to improve perforator flap vessel visualization using various computed tomography angiography (CTA) scanning and post-processing techniques. Methods: The study group consisted of 13 patients with head and neck tumor defects who underwent improved preoperative CTA scanning between January 2018 and August 2021 at our hospital’s Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery. The control group included 13 patients with no significant lesions in the femoral artery or its branches who underwent non-spectral CT angiography of the bilateral lower extremity arteries between September 2020 and April 2023 at the Radiology Department of Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University. Vascular imaging quality was subjectively scored, and the contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) and signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of the lateral circumflex femoral artery were objectively evaluated. Results: While SNR in the intervention group was slightly higher than that in the control group, no significant difference was observed between the two groups. The average CNR in the study group was 18.25±7.38, while that in the control group was 7.26±2.64. The CNR in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group, with a statistically significant difference between the two groups. No significant difference in subjective image quality scores was observed between the study and control groups. All perforator vessels detected on preoperative CTA in the study group were confirmed intraoperatively. Conclusions: Comprehensive application of multiple techniques increased the contrast between the perforator vessels and surrounding tissues, resulting in satisfactory CT image quality. These methods improve the accuracy of image analysis and provide better technical support for clinicians in analyzing the location, course, and source of blood vessels.

To examine how different harvesting periods affect the storage quality of 'Satsuma' plum fruits, this study analyzed 13 quality and physiological metrics post-harvest and utilized principal component analysis (PCA) and mathematical models to assess (0±0.5)℃ low temperature storage quality across three different harvesting periods (100 d after flowering, 103 d after flowering, 106 d after flowering). The results showed that harvesting at 103 days after full bloom led to the best preservation effect. Additionally, the hardness and total acidity of plum fruit decreased by 37.37% and 27.06% respectively until the end of the storage period, which was the slowest. Furthermore, changes in relative conductivity, anthocyanins, total soluble solids, malondialdehyde, total phenols, and flavonoids were relatively smooth. The activity of polyphenol oxidase was low, while peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities were high, specifically catalase activities. After conducting PCA analysis, it was determined that PC1, PC2, and PC3 accurately capture 87.472% of the relevant information. These results suggested that varying harvesting periods would have significant impacts on all indicators. The mathematical model analysis revealed that the plum fruits harvested at 100, 103, and 106 days after bloom, and stored for 56 days, had comprehensive scores of 1.06, 0.99, and 2.69, respectively. Lower comprehensive scores indicated better quality, so the order of preservation effect was as follows: 103 days after bloom>100 days after bloom>106 days after bloom. The study provides a theoretical framework for evaluating postharvest preservation and quality of plum fruits, along with technical parameters to enable timely harvesting.

The Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) belonging to Pleuronectiformes, Cynoglossidae, Cynoglossus, is distributed in the sea areas of Korea, Japan and China. C. semilaevis has limited natural resources and no long-distance migration, which is suitable for the development of aquaculture in coastal areas. After more than ten years of artificial domestication, C. semilaevis has become one of the main mariculture species. Water temperature is an important environmental factor affecting the growth and development of fish. High temperature in summer can cause stress and even death of C. semilaevis, which is one of the important factors affecting factory farming and the promotion in the southern coast. However, the physiological and molecular changes of C. semilaevis in response to acute high temperature stress was still unclear to date.When fish are stimulated by high temperature, it can cause oxidative stress, resulting in a variety of toxic effects. It has been found that there is a significant correlation between high temperature and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in many aquatic animals. Therefore, changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes can be used as an important indicator when fish are in a state of oxidative stress under high temperature stress. As a tissue related to detoxification metabolism and immunity of fish, liver plays an important role in response to high temperature stress, thus the tissue structure and apoptosis are also important indicators of liver health status after high temperature stress. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a class of common biological stress proteins, which have biological functions such as anti-stress, anti-oxidation, and regulation of apoptosis. HSPs are also involved in the resistance of fish to heat stress. Recently, it has been found that zebrafish (Danio rerio) is extremely sensitive to temperature changes after knockout of dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (dusp1) gene, and dusp1 has the possibility of maintaining redox homeostasis, so it was speculated that dusp1 gene may plays an important role in fish resistance to heat stress. In this study, heat shock protein family A member 1A (hspa1a) in the heat shock protein HSP70 family, heat shock protein 90 beta family member 1 (hsp90b1) in the HSP90 family, and dusp1 gene were selected to study the temporal expression characteristics under high temperature stress.In order to explore the effects of high temperature stress on physiological and molecular changes in the liver of C. semilaevis, a full-sib family of C. semilaevis was selected as the experimental object to detect the oxidative damage and heat stress-related gene expressions. After continuous heating to high temperature stress conditions (35 ℃), liver tissues were collected at 0 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) were used to observe cell damage, antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured, and the expression changes of stress-related genes hspa1a, hsp90b1 and dusp1 were detected. The results showed that acute high temperature stress could cause obvious pathological changes and apoptosis in the liver tissue of C. semilaevis. The activity of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and the content of MDA in the high temperature stress group was significantly higher than that of the control group at 6 h, 12 h, 0 h and 24 h, respectively (P

Within the intricate environment of integrated space-terrestrial network, VNE algorithms face novel challenges due to the high variability in user demands, stringent limitations of heterogeneous resources, expansive spatiotemporal scales, and the dynamic nature of network topologies.In light of this, scholars worldwide have delved deeply into the VNE issues pertaining to these networks.This review firstly summarized the three core challenges faced by VNE in these networks based on their characteristics.It then elucidated the current state of research from two major perspectives: scenario modeling and algorithmic solutions, primarily encompassing Quality of Service (QoS) aware VNE, multi-layer cross-domain heterogeneous network VNE, dynamic VNE, and problem-solving algorithms for VNE.Both theoretical and practical strategies to address the VNE challenges in integrated space-terrestrial networks were analyzed in depth.Finally, it provided a foresight into future research directions, aim to offer valuable insights for subsequent studies.

Eriocheir sinensis is an important fishery resource in the Yangtze River basin, which has brought about huge socio-economic benefits. The estuarine spawning grounds of E. sinensis, however, has experienced negative effects, such as habitat alteration and degradation of the water environment, in the mid- to late 1980s as a result of the construction of water conservation projects, land reclamation along the estuary, and pollution input. In addition, the overexploitation of E. sinensis resources has contributed to a sharp decline in its resources. To develop rational and scientific habitat management plans, the estuarine spawning habitats of E. sinensis have received attention in recent years. Currently, the distribution pattern and habitat characteristics of E. sinensis spawning grounds in the Yangtze River estuary have been explored from the perspective of resource distribution; however, habitat quality has not been further investigated. Studies on habitat quality can more effectively support the development of fishery habitat management strategies by serving as a tool to objectively assess the functional status of aquatic habitats. The habitat quality of the Yangtze River estuary has a substantial impact on the resources of E. sinensis as it is the only spawning ground for this species in the Yangtze River basin and is also the largest in China. Therefore, the behavior of E. sinensis during reproduction and spawning, which reflects the habitat quality of the spawning grounds, served as the foundation for this study. The evaluation of the habitat quality of E. sinensis spawning grounds was based on the parameters of reproductive performance and quantitative distribution. The habitat quality index (HQI) of E. sinensis spawning grounds was built by screening evaluation indices, weight analysis of evaluation indices, and construction of evaluation criteria. To provide the necessary scientific tools for examining E. sinensis spawning grounds in the Yangtze River estuary and to establish a solid scientific foundation for managing estuarine spawning grounds for this species. The spawning grounds of the Yangtze River estuary were monitored using egg-holding crabs of E. sinensis, and sampling was performed using gillnets positioned at certain locations. Key environmental parameters influencing the spawning activity of E. sinensis, such as water depth, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO) in bottom water, salinity (SAL), and temperature (T) were gathered during the sampling process. Through anatomical measurements of collected egg-holding crabs, physiological characteristics including carapace width, absolute fecundity, relative fecundity, condition factor, hepatopancreas index, and reproductive effort were gathered and collected. The characteristics of egg-holding crab population distribution and reproductive success were key factors considered when choosing the evaluation indices. The catch per unit effort of egg-holding crabs is a quantitative distribution characteristic, and the reproductive performance characteristics primarily rely on correlation analysis to determine the traits that can objectively respond to the reproductive performance of egg-holding crab, which are RF and HSI. Subsequently, a hierarchical evaluation system is created based on the characteristics of the evaluation indices. The response relationship between the environmental elements and each evaluation index serves as the foundation for the weight analysis of the evaluation indices. The environmental factors were analyzed separately with each evaluation index for redundancy analysis (RDA), and the results of the RDA were used to understand the degree of influence of each evaluation index on environmental characteristics. It is also used as the basis for the weight value of the evaluation indices, and the weight value of each evaluation index is determined by combining the hierarchical analysis method. Finally, a multi-index comprehensive scoring technique was used to determine the HQI of the E. sinensis spawning grounds, and guidelines for evaluating habitat quality were developed. The findings revealed a strong response relationship between egg-holding crab reproductive performance characteristic indicators and environmental factors (91.9%, F=9.0, P=0.042), which has significant application value when assessing the habitat quality of their spawning grounds. The evaluation revealed that the survey sites´ HQIs ranged from 0.33 to 0.84, and 47% of the survey sites assigned a "medium" or higher rating to the habitat quality level. Overall, the northern bank of Hengsha had a greater habitat quality than the deepwater canal. The HQI developed in this study has obvious advantages in quantitatively assessing the habitat quality of E. sinensis spawning grounds because it has a greater interpretation rate of environmental elements (94.9%, F=12.0, P=0.038) than quantitative distribution characteristics. The maximum percentage of HQI was explained by DO, SAL, and T when each environmental factor was used as an independent explanatory variable, accounting for 74.0% (F=22.7, P=0.004), 44.0% (F=6.3, P=0.044), and 33.0% (F=3.9, P=0.076), respectively. DO, SAL, and T were the key environmental factors influencing the habitat quality of E. sinensis spawning grounds. In this study, the Yangtze River estuary was chosen as the spawning ground for E. sinensis, and the quantitative distribution and reproductive performance characteristics of this species were employed as the foundation for evaluating habitat quality. The spawning grounds of the Yangtze River estuary for E. sinensis were further investigated in terms of habitat function using the HQI, which was built based on the characteristics of the evaluation indices. This study identified the major habitat factors that influence the habitat quality of these spawning grounds.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) presents as myocardial fibrosis, left ventricular hypertrophy, and myocardial diastolic abnormalities. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) technology can quickly and accurately determine the myocardial structure and cardiac function of diabetic patients and plays a crucial role in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of subclinical DCM. Evaluation of subclinical DCM using CMR technology primarily involves cardiac magnetic resonance-feature tracking (CMR-FT), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), T1 mapping technology, and magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion imaging. This paper reviews the research progress of CMR technology in the diagnosis of subclinical diabetic cardiomyopathy.

【Objective】This study aimed to explore the downstream response genes of Dendrobium catenatum Lindl. DcCIPK24, and provided guidance for studying the molecular regulatory pathway of DcCIPK24 to improve salt tolerance.【Method】The DcCIPK24 transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and wild type plants under 200 mmol/L NaCl treatment and normal conditions were used for RNA-seq on the illumina NovaSeq 6000 sequencing platform. The enrichment pathway of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was analyzed, and their expression patterns were verified by quantitative real-time PCR.【Result】A total of 96 DEGs were identified from transgenic A. thaliana and wild type plants under salt stress. GO annotation analysis showed that 96 DEGs were mainly enriched in molecular function pathways. KEGG enrichment analysis found that DEGs enriched in amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, plant MAPK signaling pathway and glycerolipid metabolism. The DEGs including four upregulated genes (AtGPAT5, AtSIRK, AtMEE25, and AtUGE5) and four downregulated genes (AtAMT1-2, AtATTI3, AtCYP71A25, and AtLHCB4.3) were selected for qRT-PCR validation. The results showed that the trends of 8 DEGs' expression were basically consistent with the RNA-seq data.【Conclusion】DcCIPK24 responded to salt tolerance mainly through amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, plant MAPK signaling pathway, and glycerolipid metabolism.

Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) primarily affects the respiratory system, this disease can affect multiple systems, including the musculoskeletal system. However, studies regarding the effect of COVID-19 on musculoskeletal system are limited. This study analyzed the bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition of 33 patients with COVID-19 using their chest CT scans at admission, discharge, and one-year follow-up. Among the patients, 2 were asymptomatic, 8 had mild symptoms, 19 had ordinary symptoms, and 4 had severe symptoms, and no critical patients were included. The mean length of hospital stay was (29.5±9.6) days, and the mean duration to follow-up was (423.0±53.6) days. The study found no significant changes in BMD of segmental or total thoracic vertebrae at admission, discharge, and one-year follow-up. No significant changes were observed in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area, and total adipose tissue (TAT) of the mid-slice of the T12~L1 intervertebral disc. However, the asymptomatic and mild group had a higher average BMD of the T1~T12 than that of the common and severe group at admission and one-year follow-up. The common and severe group had higher VAT and TAT area than those of the asymptomatic and mild group at admission and one-year follow-up. This study provides valuable insights into the effects of COVID-19 on the musculoskeletal system and suggests that COVID-19 does not significantly affect thoracic BMD and abdominal adipose tissue after one year of infection.

The integrated space-terrestrial networks (ISTN), characterized by the high-dynamic of topology, the diversifi cation of services and the constrained resource of satellites, face great challenges in the integration of networking.To achieve network capabilities of intelligent reconstruction, on-demand adjustment, eff ective management and control, the intelligent networking method for ISTN by applying SDN, NFV and artifi cial intelligence were studied.In-depth analysis of the development status of the world-earth fusion network, an intelligent and virtualization-driven world-earth fusion network architecture was proposed.On this basis, to addressed the challenges of intelligent networking brought about by network element heterogeneity, large space-time scale, and diff erentiated service requirements, the multidimensional heterogeneous data plane resource pooling, multi-domain collaborative sensing function on-demand deployment, multi-layer multi-domain hybrid network autonomous control, centralized and distributed network intelligence for ＆quot;cloud-edge＆quot; collaboration, etc.were proposed, which realized on-demand reconstruction of the world-earth fusion network and intelligent service guarantee capabilities.

In order to reveal the effect of main phenolic substances on the growth of black spot Alternaria alternata after fruit harvesting, and on the basis of the analysis of the content of Pingguoli pear peel phenolic substances during the development and storage period, this paper studied the effects of seven phenolic substances in the Pingguoli pear peel on the spore germination, mycelium growth, mycelium dry weight and melanin formation. The results showed that, in addition to arbutin, phenolic acids and flavonoids had a certain inhibitory effect on the germination of A. alternata, and there was a concentration dependence, and the inhibitory effect was phenolic acids> flavonoids> simple phenols, in turn. The inhibitory effect of ferulic acid was strong, and the spore germination, mycelial growth and dry weight of mycelium treated with 3 mg/mL ferulic acid were reduced by 98.5%, 29.4% and 22.2% respectively compared with the control (0 mg/mL). At the same time, the content of A. alternata melanin was increased in varying degrees after the treatment of seven phenolic substances. It can be seen that phenolic substances in Pingguoli pear peel have an important regulatory effect on the growth and pathogenicity of A. alternata.

In order to explore the differential expression gene information of theabrownin from Pu-erh tea (TB) on the growth-process of metabolic syndrome rats (MS). The study was based on high quality transcriptomic data obtained from metabolic syndrome rats’ liver, and the Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) software was used to analyze the trend of differential genes (DEGs). Then the significant trends were be analyzed by GO and KEGG enrichment. The results showed that 3009 DEGs copolymer classes in 7 significant gene expression patterns. Among them, 493 DEGs clustered in 1 significant upward trend (profile19); 248 DEGs clustered in 1 significant downward trend (profile0). The results of GO enrichment analysis showed that the significant upward trend contains DEGs enriched in 40 GO entries and the significant downward trend contains DEGs enriched in 35 GO entries. And the largest number of enriched genes were all cells, followed by cell parts and cell processes. The results of KEGG metabolic pathway enrichment analysis showed that Gnpda2, Ugp2, Cyp7a1, Sec11a, Sec61a1, Per3, Gmppa and Spcs3 gene expression in MS rats showed a linear increase after gavage different doses of TB. As the TB concentration increased, the expression of these genes also increased. However, the expression of Ste2, Mpv17l, Elovl5, Cry1, Plin2, Angptl4, Cyp4a8, Eci1, Pex11a, Cyp26b1, Cyp26a1, Crat, Pmvk, Cyp2d4, Acot5, Akr1c1, Acot4 genes showed a decreasing pattern, indicated that the expression of these genes had a linear inhibitory effect on the expression of these genes. This experiment provides TB liver gene expression profile and gene differential expression information to MS rats, reveals the gene expression rules, and provides reference and contrast for further exploration of the molecular mechanism of hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering of theabrownin from Pu-erh tea in the future.

In order to deeply study the quality change characteristics of different tissues of boiled mutton during low-temperature storage, the lean meat, fat lean phase and fat meat part of boiled mutton were used as the main raw materials. The changes of pH, texture characteristics, color difference, total volatile base-nitrogen (TVB-N), total number of colonies and sensory evaluation were studied during its storage at 4 ℃ or low temperature for 28 days (samples were taken every 1 week) by vacuum packaging. The results showed that the pH value of different tissues of cooked mutton decreased first and then increased when stored at 4 ℃. The texture characteristics of fat meat were higher than those of lean meat and fat lean meat. During storage, the L* value and a* value of different tissues of mutton decreased gradually (P

In order to explore the deformation behavior of materials during the preparation of magnesium/aluminum composite pipes by offset spinning, and the influence of various factors on the formability of composite tubes, in this study, the effects of parameters such as spinning temperature, thickness reduction, and feed ratio on the coordination of deformation of the inner and outer tubes were analyzed by using finite element simulation. The results show that improving spinning temperature and reduction rate is helpful to improve the deformation coordination and forming quality of inner and outer tubes, and increasing the feed ratio appropriately can improve the surface forming precision of composite tubes. When the spinning temperature is 350 ℃, the reduction is 30%, and the feed ratio is 1 mm/r, the forming quality of the composite tubes is better. The radial equivalent stress of the composite tubes shows a gradient distribution, which causes the discontinuity of the plastic strain of the inner and outer tubes. Reliable machining intervals were obtained through numerical simulation, which provides a theoretical basis for actual forming.

The large-scale deployment of 5G brings bandwidth and lower delay requirements to transport network.As a 5G oriented multi-service transport platform,SPN will transport wireless service,home broadband service,enterprise service and private line service.SPN distribution layer and core layer network will need huge bandwidth and support long range transport.The SPN optical layer key technology and network scheme were studied,also implemented to verify the function and performance of SPN optical layer.

Image object detection is to find out the objects of interest in the image and determine their classifications and locations.It is a research hotspot in the field of computer vision.In recent years,due to the significant improvement in the accuracy of image classification with deep learning,image object detection models based on deep learning have gradually became mainstream.Firstly,the convolutional neural networks commonly used in image object detection were briefly introduced.Then,the existing classical image object detection models were reviewed from the perspective of candidate regions,regression and anchor-free methods.Finally,according to the detection results on the public dataset,the advantages and disadvantages of the models were analyzed,the problems in the image object detection research were summarized and the future development was forecasted.

One important aspect of ubiquitous power internet of things (UPIoT) construction is to realize the access of more terminal small and micro devices, make the data acquisition more massive and diversified, and realize the deep integration of data flow and energy flow, while the integrated energy system (IES) is an important value realization form of UPIoT. The IES planning for the UPIoT was studied, from the principles to be followed in the IES planning, the basic model method in the system planning and design, to the comprehensive benefit evaluation system of IES, and a complete set of IES planning system methods was put forward, aiming to provide theoretical support for the construction and implementation of the IES in China.

Traffic flow modeling plays an important role in routing，MAC algorithm and protocol designs in vehicular Ad Hoc networks （VANET）. An accurate traffic flow model is crucial to traffic management of an intelligent transportation system （ITS）and information safety in a VANET. Based on Shanghai’s traffic flow data，the performance of the two different models was compared using auto regressive（AR）model and back-propagation（BP） network model，and the corresponding prediction result was given. Research finds that both of the two models can efficiently predict the traffic data，but they have different prediction accuracy for the data of different periods. The research result will provide support for future research on ITS and VANET.

This research investigated the impacts of various drying methods, including hot-air drying, hot-air-microwave drying, heat-pump drying, vacuum-freeze drying, microwave-vacuum drying, and multi-stage hot-air drying, on the physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacity and flavor profile of Lentinus edodes powder (LEP). The results demonstrated that vacuum-freeze-dried LEP was superior to LEP produced using the other drying methods in terms of physicochemical properties such as water absorption index, expansion ratio, and color. Moreover, vacuum-freeze-dried LEP had the highest total phenolic content (1.345 mg/g) and strongest antioxidant capacity in terms of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cation radical scavenging capacity. In contrast, microwave-dried LEP showed the lowest antioxidant capacity. Analysis by electronic nose and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) revealed that the major volatile compounds in the six LEPs included sulfur-containing compounds, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, and esters, and there were significant differences in the aroma profiles of these LEPs. Notably, heat-pump-dried LEP exhibited the highest levels of alcohols and esters. Hot-air-dried LEP exhibited the highest levels of aldehydes. Vacuum-freeze drying was conducive to retaining aroma compounds. The results of electronic tongue analysis indicated that hot-air-microwave dried LEP had high umami and low bitterness. These findings could provide a theoretical foundation for the development and application of LEP as a food ingredient.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8661 on reducing lead in the human body and its effect on human health. Methods: In total, 60 volunteers suffering from foodborne heavy metal exposure were recruited and divided into two groups, with one orally receiving L. plantarum CCFM8661 powder and the other orally receiving a placebo. The protective effect of L. plantarum CCFM8661 on lead-exposed populations was evaluated comprehensively by analyzing the volunteers’ blood lead levels, blood cells, blood biochemical indexes, serum calcium and iron levels before and after interventions. Results: L. plantarum CCFM8661 intervention effectively reduced the blood lead level in the lead-exposed population, and down-regulated total bilirubin, urea and total serum protein while having no significant effect on blood cells, blood calcium or iron levels. Conclusion: L. plantarum CCFM8661 could protect lead-exposed subjects by effectively reducing lead levels and, thereby, has the potential to be further developed into a biological agent for the bioreduction of heavy metals.

Taste is an important quality attribute of tea. In order to find out the taste quality of green teas made from the major varieties in Wanzhou district, Chongqing, the taste profile of the tea infusions was determined by sensory evaluation and 5 taste components including catechins, free amino acids, alkaloids, flavanols and their glycosides, and organic acids were analyzed by targeted detection methods. The results showed that there were obvious differences in the taste quality of green teas prepared from the 4 varieties of tea trees. Sichuan middle- and small-leafed tea group variety had a strong taste, and ‘Anji Baicha’ had an obvious fresh and brisk taste with mellow sweet aftertaste. ‘Fuding Dabaicha’ tasted strong with fresh and brisk taste and mellow sweet aftertaste. ‘Zhonghuang 1’ tasted fresh and brisk but less strong. The results of taste component analysis showed that the Sichuan middle- and small-leafed tea group variety contained high contents of catechins but low contents of free amino acids. ‘Anji Baicha’ had the highest content of free amino acids. The content of each flavor component was high in ‘Fuding Dabaicha’, and the contents of total flavor components and water extract of ‘Zhonghuang 1’ were low. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the 4 varieties could be well distinguished. Thirteen major taste contributors such as rutin and caffeine were identified. The differential analysis indicated that aspartic acid, glutamic acid and theanine were the major contributors to the fresh and brisk taste characteristics of ‘Anji Baicha’ and ‘Fuding Dabaicha’. Yangmeiin-3-O-galactoside and chrysin were the major taste contributors for ‘Zhonghuang 1’ that distinguished it from the other 3 varieties. There were also large differences in taste components within the Sichuan middle- and small-leafed tea group variety, with samples C4 and C5 being closer to each other. They both contained high contents of flavonoid glycosides, having a strong astringent taste. This study provides a reference for research to improve the flavor quality of green tea in Wanzhou district.

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of curcumin on mice with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson’s disease (PD) and its mechanism. Methods A total of 72 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group (group A), MPTP group (group B), and MPTP+curcumin group (group C). For the 5 d before the experiment, the mice in groups B and C were given intraperitoneal injection of MPTP every day, and those in group A were given intraperitoneal injection of an equal volume of normal saline; since day 6, the mice in group C were given intraperitoneal injection of curcumin dissolved in DMSO at a dose of 50 mg/kg, and those in groups A and B were given intraperitoneal injection of an equal volume of DMSO, every day for 7 consecutive days. After the end of administration, behavioral experiments were used to evaluate the motor, learning, and memory functions of mice in each group. On day 15 of the experiment, the samples of substantia nigra were collected from the mice in each group, and ELISA was used to measure the content of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6); Western blotting was used to measure the relative content of CD86 and NF-κB; immunohistochemical staining was used to measure the number of TH-positive neurons. Results Compared with group B, groups A and C had a significant reduction in descending time, significant increases in drop latency and percentage of alternation (F=17.29-19.28,P

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main pathological type of primary liver cancer (PLC) and is closely associated with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. HCC in its early stages often presents no significant symptoms and is usually discovered at an advanced stage with liver, portal vein, or other site metastases, leading to a poor prognosis. Regular screening and early diagnosis in high-risk populations in the early stages of the disease are of great significance for clinical treatment and prognosis. Objective To explore the application value of oligosaccharides and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the risk population and patients of HBV-related HCC, providing a reference for clinical diagnosis. Methods The study included 165 chronic HBV infection patients treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January to November 2022, comprising 123 non-HCC and 42 HCC patients. Patient data (age, gender, cirrhosis status), laboratory indices[total bilirubin (TB), albumin (ALB), platelet count (PLT), AFP]were collected through electronic medical records, and a liver cancer risk prediction model score for chronic liver disease patients (aMAP score) was calculated, along with oligosaccharide marker test results (G-Test). HCC patients were classified as the HCC group (42 cases), and non-HCC patients were divided based on aMAP scores into low-risk (60 points, 39 cases) groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to analyze the efficacy of AFP, G-Test, and their combined diagnosis of HCC, calculating the area under the ROC curve (AUC), and the DeLong test was used to compare the differences between combined and single indicator AUCs. Kappa consistency tests were used to analyze the consistency of AFP and G-Test with clinical diagnostic results. Results In patients with HCC, levels of AFP and G-Test were higher compared to those in the low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk groups (P

Background IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis in China and worldwide, approximately 25%-30% of patients will progress to end-stage renal disease within 20 years after diagnosis. Currently, there is no effective and safe treatment specifically for IgAN. In recent years, there has been a rapid progress in the research of new drugs for IgAN, among which the targeted delayed-release budesonide capsules is the first allopathic drug for IgAN globally. Objective To investigate the mechanism of corticosteroid budesonide capsules in the treatment of IgAN based on network pharmacology. Methods Chemical Book platform was used to screen the targets of budesonide; GeneCards and CTD databases were utilized to obtain the relevant targets of IgAN. The intersection of budesonide targets and IgAN targets was obtained through a Venn diagram. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network map was constructed, and gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were performed on the intersecting targets. Results A total of 242 targets for budesonide, 1 443 candidate targets for IgAN, and 146 intersecting targets were selected. The 15 core targets in the PPI network included interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-10 (IL-10), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), interleukin-1B (IL-1B), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-8 (CXCL8), gene on chromosome 1 (JUN), interleukin-13 (IL-13), interleukin-2 (IL-2), chemokine 2 (CCL2), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), colony-stimulating factors (CSF2), and albumin (ALB). Enrichment analysis revealed 1 646 GO enrichment results and 174 KEGG signaling pathways. The biological processes (BP) mainly involved positive regulation of phosphorylation, inflammatory response, and positive regulation of cell movement. The cellular components (CC) mainly involved cytoplasmic vesicle lumen, cyst cavity, and secretory granule lumen. The molecular functions (MF) mainly involved receptor signaling activity, receptor regulator activity, and receptor ligand activity. The KEGG signaling pathways mainly included interleukin 17 signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, pathways in cancer, and tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway. Conclusion This study provides preliminary verified that budesonide can treat IgAN by targeting IL-6, TNF, IL-10, VEGFA, EGFR, and other targets, through multiple signaling pathways, like cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, interleukin-17 signaling pathway, pathways in cancer, and tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, providing a theoretical basis for further research and clinical practice of budesonide.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of secretory carrier membrane protein 2 (SCAMP2) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods Paraffin tissue samples and clinicopathological data were collected from 309 patients with primary CRC who were treated in The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2014 to August 2016, and immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression level of SCAMP2 in CRC tissue and adjacent tissue. Results SCAMP2 showed a low expression level in CRC tissue and a high expression level in adjacent tissue, and there was a significant difference in the expression level of SCAMP2 between CRC tissue and adjacent tissue (t=5.042,P

As a key indicator to measure meat quality, meat color has always been the focus of attention in the meat industry. A large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in the freshly slaughtered cattle carcass due to hypoxia and ischemia. The accumulation of ROS resultes in oxidative stress of the carcass, which further promotes the oxidation of myoglobin and adversely affectes the flesh color. However, currently there are few systematic reviews examining the effect of oxidative stress on meat color and its stability. In this article, the effects of oxidative stress on meat color and meat color stability are reviewed by regulating lipid oxidation, protein oxidation and degradation, and affecting the function of mitochondria to provide a theoretical rationale for maintaining good meat color by controlling post-mortem oxidative stress in the future.

The effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on the intestinal microbiome and fecal metabolome in C57BL/6 mice were investigated and the correlation between the intestinal microbiome and fecal metabolome was analyzed. A control group and an experimental group were set up, which were orally administered with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and 100 (mg/kg mb·d) of TiO2 nanoparticles for 13 continuous weeks, respectively. Blood glucose and lipids were measured. Furthermore, 16S rDNA gene sequencing and gas chromatography-mass chromatography (GC-MS) were used to identified the significantly differential microorganisms and metabolites between the two groups. Our results showed that compared with the control group, fasting blood glucose was significantly increased in the experimental group (P = 0.032). The relative abundance of Firmicutes, Allobaculum, Lactobacillus, and Oscillospira was increased. The differential metabolites were associated with the glycerolipid, galactose and tryptophan metabolic pathways. Firmicutes bacteria were negatively correlated with the differential metabolites, while bacteria from other phyla were positively correlated with the differential metabolites. Therefore, we infer that the subchronic toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles to mice may be associated with abnormal glycolipid metabolism in feces.

In order to explore the feasibility of rubber cement concrete supporting in soft rock roadway with high geo-stress, by using ABAQUS numerical simulation software, the supporting effect of rubber cement concrete in soft rock roadway with high geo-stress and the influence of elastic modulus and uniaxial compressive strength on the unloading effect are simulated and calculated. The results show that under the high geo-stress environment, the effect of applying rubber cement concrete between roadway floor and ordinary concrete layer is better. When the elastic modulus of rubber cement concrete is between 3 GPa and 4 GPa, and the uniaxial compressive strength is between 3 MPa and 5 MPa, the best pressure relief effect is obtained. Rubber cement concrete releases the stress in the surrounding rock by cooperating with the surrounding rock of the floor, thus reducing the load on the supporting structure.