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Copyright of Engineering Mechanics / Gongcheng Lixue is the property of Engineering Mechanics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zhejiang Electric Power is the property of Zhejiang Electric Power Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to study the effect of temperature on the shear strength of fully weathered mudstone with different saturations, fully weathered mudstone specimens from a typical seasonal frozen region were used as the object of study. The GDS dynamic triaxial test system and the GDS unsaturated test system were used to conduct indoor triaxial tests on specimens with different saturations to investigate the trends of the shear strength parameters of fully weathered mudstone in the seasonal frozen region under different temperatures and surrounding pressures, and to compare and analyse the shear strength parameters of the two different saturations of the fully weathered mudstone were compared and analysed. The results show that the fully weathered mudstone is strongly influenced by saturation and temperature. The cohesion of both soil samples increases with decreasing temperature, and the internal friction angle increases and then decreases. The cohesion of the unsaturated mudstone specimens is consistently greater than that of the saturated mudstone specimens when the temperature and test system conditions are consistent. Saturation has a low effect on the internal friction angle of the specimens, which peaks at -5 ℃ and 0 ℃for the two soil samples respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using linear trend rate, M-K abrupt change test, etc., the change characteristics of temperature and precipitation in Funing County from 1957 to 2022 were analyzed. The results showed that the annual maximum temperature, annual mean temperature, annual minimum temperature, extreme maximum temperature and extreme minimum temperature in Funing County had all shown significant increasing trends in the past 66 years. Among them, the average maximum temperature had increased mainly due to the increase in summer temperature, the average mean temperature had increased mainly due to the increase in autumn temperature, while the average minimum temperature had increased mainly due to the increase in winter temperature. The trend of annual precipitation was not significant, and the precipitation in spring, summer and autumn showed a slightly decreasing trend, while the precipitation in winter and the daily maximum precipitation showed a slightly increasing trend, and the trend was not significant. The abrupt change test results showed that the annual maximum temperature, extreme maximum temperature, extreme minimum temperature and annual precipitation had undergone abrupt changes in 2013, 2009, 2000 and 1986 respectively, while the annual mean temperature, annual minimum temperature and daily maximum precipitation had not shown obvious abrupt changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment studied the factors affecting the difference of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and chlorophyll (a+b) accumulation in different varieties of Chinese cabbage under low temperature and high temperature, and analyzed the adaptability of Chinese cabbage to chlorophyll under temperature stress. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll (a+b) of 15 kinds of Chinese cabbage were different under the condition of 0℃, which was related to the variety. The content of chlorophyll a in 11 of the 15 varieties of Chinese cabbage decreased after the temperature dropped, and the content of chlorophyll b in all varieties decreased at low temperature. The content of chlorophyll (a+b) in 10 kinds of Chinese cabbage decreased after 0 ℃, and the content of chlorophyll (a+b) in 5 kinds of Chinese cabbage increased after 0℃ . The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll (a+b) in 5 varieties of Chinese cabbage were different under high temperature treatment. This experiment provides reference for the cultivation and variety creation of “lion head” Chinese cabbage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Petroleum Refinery Engineering is the property of Petroleum Refinery Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lubrication Engineering (0254-0150) is the property of Editorial Office of LUBRICATION ENGINEERING and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods is the property of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bearing is the property of Bearing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Condiment is the property of China Condiment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Metal Working (1674-165X) is the property of Metal Working Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In view of the difficulties and low efficiency of manual shucking of fresh scallop,and the potential impact of traditional thermal treatment on the quality of fresh scallop ( Patinopecten yessoensis), a precise shucking method based on instantaneous thermal treatment was proposed for scallop. Temperature is the key factor determining the effect and quality of scallop shucking by thermal treatment. In order to explore the precise shucking method of scallop by instantaneous thermal treatment,the body shape parameters of scallop were measured to construct a precise steam jet shucking method. By comparing the shucking integrity rate, color difference, juice loss rate, etc. of scallop under different instantaneous thermal treatment conditions, combined with sensory evaluation analysis,the optimal instantaneous shucking parameters were determined. The results showed that compared with 140 ℃ steam,the opening width of scallop was larger,the shucking tensile value was smaller,and the shucking integrity rate was higher under the action of 160 ℃ steam,thus determining the heat source temperature of instantaneous thermal treatment as 160 ℃ . The longer the steam spraying time, the smaller the difficulty of scallop shucking, the larger the opening width, and the comprehensive sensory evaluation determined that the steam spraying time of instantaneous thermal treatment was 2 s. For scallop with a shuck length of 110-120 mm,a shuck thickness of 22-25 mm,and a weight of 100- 125 g / piece,using steam spraying (160 ℃,2 s),the shucking integrity rate of scallop was 100%,and the juice loss rate was 0. 86%. The study showed that the precise shucking of scallop by instantaneous thermal treatment could better maintain the quality of fresh scallops,providing a theoretical basis for the automated processing of scallops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Housed sheep breeding is the development trends in the sheep industry. Environment, as an important influencing factor, has a direct impact on the productive performance and health status of sheep. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the impact of environmental factors on the productive performance of sheep, such as temperature, humidity, air flow, toxic and harmful gases and stocking density. The aim is to provide reference for the healthy breeding of sheep in the house. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the explosion hazard of gases produced after the thermal runaway of lithium batteries and to explore the relationship between the lower explosive limit of gases and influencing factors, thereby establishing a research foundation for improving the safety management of lithium battery electrochemical energy storage technology. Methods By analyzing the influencing factors of the lower explosive limit of gases after lithium battery thermal runaway, an experimental study was conducted on the two key factors of hydrogen concentration and temperature in the gases produced after thermal runaway. The correlation between the lower explosive limit and influencing factors was analyzed. Results When the hydrogen concentration in the gases produced after lithium battery thermal runaway ranged from approximately 40% to 75%, the lower explosive limit gradually decreased from 6.6% to 4.8% as the hydrogen concentration increased. The linear relationship between hydrogen concentration and the lower explosive limit was characterized by the equation y = -0.051 x + 8.612, with a correlation coefficient of 0.998. For gas samples with a hydrogen concentration of about 50%, the lower explosive limit gradually decreased from 6.0% to 3.6% as the temperature rose from 30 ℃ to 250 ℃. The characteristic curve was y = -0.000 06 x2 + 0.008 x + 5.805, with a correlation coefficient of 0.969. Conclusions As the hydrogen concentration increased or the temperature rose, the lower explosive limit of gases produced after lithium battery thermal runaway showed a decreasing trend, displaying a good linear relationship. The lower explosive limit could be predicted through hydrogen concentration and temperature data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the impact of radiative heat transfer on the temperature distribution and aerosol release in centrally heated cigarettes, a high-emissivity heating pin was fabricated by coating a low-emissivity heating element with a silicone high-emissivity coating. The emissivity values of the high/ low emissivity heating pins were measured, and simulations and measurements of the temperature distribution and actual temperatures at specific locations within the cigarette during heating with both types of pins were conducted. Additionally, the aerosol release from the tobacco rod during the heating process was examined. The results showed that the emissivity values of the high/ low emissivity heating pins were 90% and 10% respectively. After heating for 200 s using the same temperature curve setup, compared to the low-emissivity heating element, the internal average temperature of the cigarette heated by the high-emissivity heating pin was higher (154.1 °C), with a smaller temperature difference from the heating element and a more uniform temperature distribution. When heated by the high-emissivity heating pin, the total particulate matter, nicotine, and glycerol release in the cigarette aerosol increased by 42.8%, 17.6%, and 44.5% respectively, compared to those heated by the low-emissivity heating pin. In conclusion, highemissivity heating pins utilizing radiative heat transfer plays a crucial role in enhancing the heating efficiency of centrally heated cigarettes, providing theoretical guidance and data support for the design and improvement of central heating tobacco devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】Zheda Ruifeng 8 is an insect-resistant transgenic maize developed by Hangzhou Ruifeng Biotechnology Co. Ltd., the safety certificate for production and application was obtained in December 2021. The specific PCR detection method for Zheda Ruifeng 8 was investigated to provide technical support for market regulation and industrialization.【Method】In this study, the flanking sequence of the insertion end of exogenous gene of Zheda Ruifeng 8 event was used as the target sequence, specific primers were designed at the 5'-end (right flanking) and the 3'-end (left flanking) respectively. Twenty pairs of primers for each of the left flanking and the right flanking were screened by the standard reaction system and the reaction procedure that was consistent with that of the standard gene zSSIIb in maize, and the primers with high specificity and fine stability were obtained. A preliminary method for the detection of PCR of the Zheda Ruifeng 8 event was established by changing the two key parameters of the annealing temperature and the concentration of the primer.【Result】The screened Zheda Ruifeng 8 PCR amplification primer RF 8-RB-R4/F1 may specifically amplify the target fragment of 265 bp, and a standard reaction system and reaction procedure consistent with the standard gene zSSIIb in maize was established, and it achieved high throughput for batch detection. 【Conclusion】The established specific qualitative PCR detection method demonstrated excellent stability and adaptability. It could consistently detect a copy number fraction as low as 0.1%, equivalent to approximately 20 copies. This method proved to be highly accurate and specific, effectively detecting the transformants of Zheda Ruifeng 8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the dynamics and distribution of soil water, heat, and salt in cotton fields under mulched drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang. The field experiment was conducted under different treatments of water and salt irrigation at Xinjiang Alar Modern Agriculture Academician and Expert Workstation in 2023. Three irrigation levels (75%, 100%, and 125% of crop irrigation water demand for cotton) and three levels of irrigation salinity (1.5, 3.5, and 5.5 g/L). The soil moisture content, soil salt content, and temperature of 0-80 cm layer were measured in the whole period of cotton growth. Then HYDRUS-2D model was used to explore the effects of irrigation amounts and salinity on the two-dimensional (2-D) migration and distribution of soil water, heat, and salt in the cotton field. Scenario simulation was implemented to reveal the mechanism of soil salt leaching/accumulation under different irrigation schedules. The appropriate irrigation schedule was proposed under brackish water irrigation. The main results were as follows. The horizontal moisture of the soil profile was unevenly distributed in the early stage of growth, indicating two-dimensional (2-D) distribution. The moisture content of the soil decreased gradually from the middle of the mulched area to the bare soil between the mulch in the horizontal direction. While there was a more uniform lateral distribution of soil moisture in the later stage. The wet range of soil and irrigation uniformity increased with the increase of irrigation quota. The higher irrigation quota, 125% of the irrigation water demand failed to increase the soil water content in the root zone, compared with 100% of irrigation water demand. The efficiency of soil salt leaching increased with the increase of irrigation amount. Salt accumulation position was shifted to the lower soil layer (40- 80 cm) and bare soil under low irrigation salinity. While the moderate and high irrigation salinity levels increased the soil salinity beneath the drip tape and along the centerline of the plastic film. Higher water volumes under low irrigation salinity raised the salt content in the soil of the root zone under the mulch. Soil salt accumulation was dominated to decrease the depth of salt accumulation with the increase of irrigation salinity. The outstanding salt accumulation was observed at 60-80 cm depth under the mineralization degree of 5.5 g/L. Furthermore, the soil temperature under mulch was higher than that in the unmulched area in the whole growth period, where soil temperature decreased with the increase of soil depth. Mulching has significantly enhanced the soil warming at 0-40 cm depth in the early growth stages. HYDRUS-2D platform reliably simulated the transport of water, heat, and salt in cotton fields under mulched drip irrigation. Specifically, excellent consistency was found in the simulated and measured values of soil moisture content, salt content, and temperature within 0-60 cm, where all the R² values were higher than 0.56. Scenario simulation indicated that the highest salinity of irrigation water was 3.2 g/L to prevent salt accumulation in the soil beneath the film (0-40 cm) under full irrigation conditions. Once the irrigation amount was 90% of the irrigation water demand, the salinity of 3.5 g/L was the maximum threshold for the salt balance in the root zone soil beneath the film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Energy Chemical Industry is the property of Energy Chemical Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to understand the role of GA in heterosis of Brassica napus at seeding stage and effect of temperature on GA synthesis. In this study, the hybrid combination YG2009 × YC4 with strong yield advantage of hybrid F1 and its parents YG2009 and YC4 were selected as experimental materials, which grew at 5, 15 and 25°C, respectively. The relationship between agronomic traits and total GA content of hybrid F1 and parents at 20 days of seedling age and the trend of total GA content with temperature were analyzed, and the relative transcription level of key enzyme genes in GA synthesis pathway was analyzed by qPCR. The results showed that temperature significantly affected the GA content in B. napus seedlings, which in turn affected the growth of seedlings. With the increase of temperature, the phenotypic traits such as plant height, leaf number, leaf width, leaf length, fresh weight and dry weight of different materials showed a significant upward trend. The total GA content in plants changed significantly with temperature. Canonical correlation analysis showed that phenotypic traits were positively correlated with the total GA content, that is, the total GA content increased, which was beneficial to the growth of B. napus seedlings. The total GA content in YG2009 × YC4 plants increased with the increase of temperature, and reached the highest at 25°C. The total GA content in YG2009 × YC4 plants was 83.01 % higher than that of female parent YG2009 and 100.72 % higher than that of male parent YC4, reaching a significant difference level. At 25°C, the relative transcription level analysis of key enzyme genes of GA metabolism in different parts showed that there were different transcriptions of key enzyme genes in different parts of B. napus, resulting in a large difference in the total GA content in each part. Grey correlation analysis showed that the relative transcription level of GA2ox6 had the highest grey correlation degree with the total GA content in roots, the relative transcription level of GID1 had the highest grey correlation degree with the total GA content in stems, and the relative transcription level of GA20ox4 had the highest grey correlation degree with the total GA content in leaves. It was speculated that the relative transcription levels of GA2ox6, GID1 and GA20ox4 had a great influence on the total GA content in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Precious Metals / Guijinshu is the property of Precious Metals Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Edulis Fungi is the property of Acta Edulis Fungi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Automotive Digest is the property of Automotive Digest Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bearing is the property of Bearing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing is the property of Editorial Department of Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Refrigeration is the property of Journal of Refrigeration Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study aimed to investigate the optimal light and temperature conditions, and physiological and biochemical mechanisms for the growth of young sporophytes (3–4 cm) of "Huangguan No.2". We conducted corresponding studies on the growth and physiological and biochemical conditions of young sporophytes under different light intensities and temperatures, including the relative growth rate (RGR), fluorescence parameter of chlorophyll, contents of pigments/proteins, reactive oxygen, antioxidants, and activity of antioxidant enzymes. The results showed that RGR was significantly affected by light, temperature, and their interaction. The degree of influence from large to small is temperature, light intensity and their interaction. They exhibited the highest RGR at 10–13 ℃ and 60–90 μmol photons/(m2·s), whereas the RGR of the high temperature (16 ℃ and 19 ℃) group was highest at 30 μmol photons/(m2·s). At the same temperature, the chlorophyll-a and carotenoid contents of young sporophytes decreased with increasing light intensity. Additionally, the SOD activities and ascorbic acid (AsA) contents tended to increase. Under the same light intensity, compared to 10–13 ℃, the contents of soluble protein decreased in the high temperature group; whereas the contents of MDA and H2O2 significantly increased. Additionally, the SOD, GSH-Px, and APX activities and antioxidant (AsA and carotenoids) contents were all higher. The maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem Ⅱ (Fv/Fm) was significantly lower in the high temperature and high light [(120 μmol photons/(m2·s)] groups, indicating that the light energy conversion efficiency of the alga was reduced under high temperature and high light stress. In the high light group, the quantum yield of regulated non-photochemical energy loss in photosystem Ⅱ [Y(NPQ)] increased significantly and the initial slope (α) of the fast light curve decreased significantly. This suggests that the photoprotective system of young sporophytes of "Huangguan No.2" responded positively to the high light stress and reduced the absorption of light energy by lowering the efficiency of light energy utilization to reduce the photodamage. The activities of key antioxidant enzymes and the antioxidant contents in the high light and high temperature groups were significantly higher, indicating that the antioxidant systems of young sporophytes responded positively to high light and high temperature stresses to minimize the damage caused by reactive oxygen species. Under low light [10 μmol photons/(m2·s)] group, Fv/Fm, α, actual quantum yield of photosystem Ⅱ [Y(Ⅱ)], the chlorophyll-a contents significantly increased. This indicates that the light energy conversion efficiency and light energy utilization efficiency significantly increased in the low light environment, which led to an increase in the absorption of light energy. These results on the physiological and ecological adaptations of young sporophytes under the conditions of temperature and light intensity can provide a theoretical basis for further optimizing the light and temperature parameters of young sporophytes of "Huangguan No.2" during intermediate culture of young sporelings.

ObjectiveThe drill power head of the drilling rig often needs to withstand large torque in the working process, and the construction conditions are harsh. The gear material of the power head is often selected 20CrMnTi alloy steel, because the material has excellent hardness and wear resistance. It is also widely used in the preparation of key parts in various transmission devices, such as gears, bearings and drive shafts. However, concerning the power head of the drilling rig often needs to withstand large torque during the working process, the construction conditions are harsh, and the service conditions are complex and harsh, which usually result in a variety of complex abrasive behaviors during use. These will inevitably affect its service performance over time. It is very important to master the failure mechanism of surface abrasion damage of 20CrMnTi alloy steel during actual service.MethodsBased on the wear test device and electrochemical corrosion workstation, the damage behavior and corrosion kinetics of the 20CrMnTi alloy steel at different temperatures (25 ℃/100 ℃) and loads (35 N/55 N/75 N) were studied.ResultsThe test results show that the increase of wear temperature and normal load will aggravate the wear of the material, and then reduce the electrochemical corrosion resistance of the surface. In addition, the abrasion damage mechanism of the 20CrMnTi alloy steel is mainly manifested as abrasive wear and fatigue spalling.

[Objective] To explore the temperature parameters affecting the polybrene test and determine the optimal temperature conditions for detecting unexpected antibodies of the Rh system. [Methods] The reaction of IgG human anti-D antibody with different dilutions (undiluted, 1∶2, 1∶4, 1∶8, 1∶16, 1∶32，1∶64) with D antigen-positive red blood cells was detected by manual polybrene test (MPT). Different temperatures (25℃ and 37℃) were set, and the reaction time with low ionic medium was 4 minutes. The agglutination integral value of anti-D and red cell depolymerization time were compared to observe the effect of enhanced agglutination reaction, thereby establishing the test temperature reaction conditions for enhancing the MPT. The same reaction condition was applied to 36 blood samples containing unexpected antibodies of the Rh system, and the effect of enhanced MPT was observed in comparison with the polybrene method and the antiglobulin test (column agglutination). [Results] With all other conditions held constant, when low ionic medium was added, the incubation temperature of 25℃ and 37℃ resulted in different total agglutination integral values for anti-D (20.9±2.025 vs 25.5±2.635), and the comparison showed a significant difference (P

The Darcy test is the primary method for determining the permeability of sand media. However, factors such as particle size and compaction of the sand medium, differences between the total dissolved solids (TDS) and the head of the water, and the test temperature, leading to great differences in the results of the Darcy test, cause great uncertainty to the practical application. To explore the variability in Darcy’s test results under different conditions, different sand media were selected under normal temperature and pressure, and tests were carried out considering varying temperatures, TDS, and poor water supply and drainage heads. The results show that the higher the water temperature, the higher the hydraulic conductivity, the better the permeability, and the more significant the influence of temperature. Higher TDS decreases the permeability. In media with high permeability, changes in hydraulic conductivity due to variations in TDS follow a power or exponential function, with low TDS causing drastic changes, while for poorly permeable media, hydraulic conductivity decreases linearly as TDS increases. When the difference between water supply and drainage head reaches a certain value, the hydraulic conductivity is no longer constant, with the limit Reynolds number of 0.4 for fine sand and 3.3 for medium sand. The higher the degree of compaction, the smaller the hydraulic conductivity. when the porosity is the same, the larger the particle size, the greater the hydraulic conductivity. The test findings provide valuable information for the acquisition and application of hydraulic conductivity in the future, and also provide a basis for the selection of hydrogeological parameters such as groundwater evaluation and geological disaster prevention.

The phenomenon of coal and gas outburst, triggered by factors including mining-induced stress, manifests as coal seam rupture and rapid gas expulsion. Elucidating the changes in stress, pore pressure, and temperature during this process holds paramount importance for understanding the outburst mechanism and devising preventive measures. To investigate the role of mining-induced stress fluctuations in initiating coal and gas outburst, the abnormal coal support stress was focused on, observed in the Pingdingshan No.12 mine where the Wu and Ji coal seams overlap. Utilizing a multi-field coupling coal and rock dynamic disaster prevention and control technology simulation system, outburst experiments were conducted on coal specimens. Variations in pore pressure and temperature were tracked by these experiments, analyzing the impact of sustained dynamic loading on gas pressure and temperature during the outburst process. The experimental findings reveal that the continuous application of mining-induced stress leads to stress concentration, narrowing the surface area of coal pores and cracks, which in turn elevates the internal pore pressure within the coal, facilitating the flow and propagation of coal and gas, potentially precipitating premature coal and gas outburst. High-frequency dynamic loading accelerates the rise in pore pressure, ultimately triggering a gas outburst once the critical blasting pressure is attained, leading to a rapid depletion of gas pressure. Regarding temperature fluctuations, during the initial injection stage, several factors contribute to an elevation in coal's internal temperature, including enhanced intermolecular forces among gas molecules, the conversion of compressed gas work into heat energy, and the gradual release of gas. Subsequently, during the adsorption equilibrium phase, the internal gas pressure stabilizes, and the heat within the coal gradually dissipates into the surrounding environment, resulting in a modest temperature decrease. However, during the injection-induced outburst phase, dynamic loading and gas injection cause a surge in the internal temperature of the coal cavity. Finally, during the induced outburst phase, the abrupt release of gas leads to a significant temperature drop. Therefore, in devising the prevention and control measures for coal and gas outburst accidents in mining operations, the influence of mining-induced stress must be taken into account.

In order to study the influence of temperature on the gas seepage law in loose coal bodies in goaf, gas seepage characteristics experiments were conducted on three types of coal samples, namely anthracite, bituminous coal, and lignite, under different temperature conditions using a self-developed loose coal temperature seepage comprehensive experimental platform, and COMSOL Multiphysics was used to simulate the gas seepage process through bituminous coal under constant temperature and continuous heating conditions. By studying the gas seepage law when there is a local heat source in the loose coal body in the goaf, a temperature based on gas seepage model for the loose coal body was established. Under constant temperature conditions ranging from 30 ℃ to 80 ℃, when air passes through loose and broken anthracite, bituminous coal, and lignite at a speed of less than 1.0 cm/s, it follows the linear Darcy flow law, and the pressure gradient gradually increases with the increase of specific flow rate; the permeability of coal decreases with increasing temperature, and the permeability changes of different coal samples vary with increasing temperature, and brown coal>bituminous coal>anthracite; as the temperature increases, the temperature distribution and permeability distribution inside the coal pillar can be approximated as an “ellipsoidal shell” near the gas outlet.

Objective To study the effect of temperature on microleakage of Beautifil Flow Plus F00, FiltekTM Z350 XT, SDR, Tetric®N-Flow and Constic, and to provide reference for clinical selection of ideal fluid resins. Methods A total of 60 adult detached premolars removed for orthodontic extraction were divided into 10 groups(n=12), which were divided into F00A group, Z350A group, SDRA group, TetricA group and ConsticA group according to whether they had undergone cold and hot cycle aging test, and F00B group, Z350B group, SDRB group, TetricB group, ConsticB group, a total of 10 groups. The occlusal surface of each isolated tooth was prepared into a type Ⅰ hole with the width of 2 mm, length of 4 mm and depth of 2 mm, which was filled with the corresponding fluid resin respectively. Methylene blue staining experiment was performed on specimens in group A, and methylene blue staining experiment was performed on specimens in group B after 5 000 times of cold and hot cycling aging experiment. The crowns of all specimens were dissected longitudinally along the long axis of the tooth body from the direction of buccal tongue(palate). The degree of microleakage in each group was observed under stereomicroscope, and the data were recorded and analyzed statistically. Results ①There was no significant difference in the degree of microleakage between the F00A group, the Z350A group, the SDRA group, the TetricA group and the ConsticA group(P>0.05). ②The degree of microleakage in the SDRB group and TetricB group was significantly higher than that in the F00B group and Z350B group(P

The investigation of fish bioenergetics primarily relies on using an energy budget equation to examine how the allocation of energy and nutrients in their diet impacts their growth rate and reproductive capabilities. By accurately forecasting the distribution of feeding intake energy towards growth, fecal excretion, and metabolism within the overall energetic framework of a fish, and considering diverse physiological factors or ecological influences that affect each aspect of this energetic balance sheet, scientific discoveries derived from these studies can provide valuable insights for making informed decisions regarding optimal dietary choices to enhance fish well-being. Additionally, it aids in refining rearing management strategies leading to improved feed utilization efficiencies, ultimately resulting in more sustainable aquaculture practices aimed at minimizing environmental pollution caused by excessive feeding activities. Temperature affects various physiological processes and growth potential, thereby, influencing feed requirements and utilization efficiency, which ultimately determine the allocation of feeding intake energy among growth, fecal, excretory, and metabolic energies. Extensive studies have been conducted to explore how temperature influences fish growth rates along with their overall energy budgets. The effects of temperature on the growth and energy budgets in triploid turbot, Scophthalmus maximus, were investigated in this study by establishing a series of five temperature gradients (13 ℃, 16 ℃, 19 ℃, 22 ℃, and 25 ℃). Measurements of the growth and energy budget allocations were conducted on large-sized triploid turbot juveniles with mean body weight of (120.24±17.20) g at the aforementioned temperatures for 49 d. The results indicate that under conditions of salinity 28.6, pH 7.8, dissolved oxygen content above 7.8 mg/L, light intensity of 300 lx, and a light period of 16 L∶8 D ratio; the feeding rates (FR) and weight gain rates (WG) of triploid juveniles initially increased with increasing temperature before declining, with the peak FR of (1.02±0.06)% and (0.95±0.04)% observed at 19 ℃ and 22 ℃, respectively, whereas the highest WG was recorded at 19 ℃ (62.17±3.10)% (P < 0.05). The relationship between specific growth rate (SGR) or feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and temperature, calculated based on different parameters including wet weight (SGRw and FCEw), dry weight (SGRd and FCEd), protein content (SGRp and FCEp), and energy content (SGRe and FCEe), was observed to follow a quadratic regression equation. The highest recorded temperature for the SGR values was observed at 19 ℃. At 25 ℃, the group exhibited significantly reduced levels of SGRs compared to that of other experimental groups, except for the data recorded at 13 ℃ (P < 0.05), where 13 ℃ and 25 ℃ showed relatively low SGR values. Additionally, no significant differences were observed in SGR values between 16 ℃ and 22 ℃. The maximum FCE values were also attained at 19 ℃ (P < 0.05). In contrast, the FCE values recorded at 13 ℃ and 25 ℃ exhibited considerable reductions when compared to those obtained from other experimental groups (P < 0.05). Regression analysis revealed that the optimal temperatures for SGRw, SGRd, SGRp, and SGRe were determined as 18.4 ℃, 18.7 ℃, 18.9 ℃, and 18.5 ℃, respectively, whereas the temperatures for achieving maximum FCEw, FCEd, FCEp, and FCEe were 18.1 ℃, 18.6 ℃, 18.9 ℃, and 18.2 ℃, respectively. Additionally, the rates of nitrogenous excretion and fecal production exhibited an initial decrease followed by an increase with increasing temperature, reaching their highest levels at 25 ℃. Dry matter, protein, and energy apparent digestibility coefficients at 25 ℃ were significantly lower than those observed at other temperatures. The feeding intake energy and growth energy proportion demonstrated an inverted "U" shape with increasing temperature, reaching its highest value at 19 ℃. The allocation of energy in triploid juveniles was primarily dominated by growth and metabolism energies, whereas the proportion of metabolism energy to feeding intake energy displayed a "U" shape trend with increasing temperature. The proportion of growth energy to feeding intake energy ranged from 17.86% to 34.58%, whereas the proportion of fecal energy varied from 4.12% to 5.57%. Furthermore, the proportion of excretion energy to feeding intake energy ranged from 6.61% to 9.19%, and metabolism energy accounted for 54.69% to 67.38% of feeding intake energy. The energy budget equation of triploid turbot juvenile at 19 ℃ was 100.00 C (feeding intake energy) = 34.58 G (growth energy) +4.12 F (fecal energy) +6.61 U (excretion energy) +54.69 R (metabolism energy) or 100.00 A (assimilated energy) = 38.74 G+61.26 R. The triploid turbot juveniles exhibited an energy allocation pattern characterized by high growth efficiency and low metabolic consumption. Consequently, the optimal rearing temperature for triploid turbot juveniles with an average weight of 120 g ranged from 18.1–18.9 ℃. These findings offer valuable insights into optimizing aquaculture conditions, improving feed efficiency, and controlling water environment pollution in the context of triploid turbot farming.

BackgroundInjury is a major public health issue, and studying the correlation between temperature and injury in the context of climate change is of great significance for injury prevention and control.ObjectiveTo analyze the association between temperature and the volume of emergency medical service response due to injury in Chengdu. MethodsUsing a retrospective ecological study design, weather data in Chengdu were collected from 1 January 2022 to 31 December 2023 from Chengdu Meteorological Office, including daily average temperature, daily average relative humidity, average wind speed, average pressure, sunshine, and rainfall. Emergency medical service data were collected from an emergency medical service center in Chengdu. A distributional lag non-linear model was conducted to calculate the association between temperature and volume of emergency medical service response due to injury, and gender- and age-stratified analyses were followed to identify susceptible groups. ResultsOverall 219685 incidents of emergency medical service dispatching due to injury were collected during the study period. The top three injury causes were traffic accident (90765, 41.32%), poisoning (44101, 20.07%), and falling (44046, 20.05%). When daily average temperature exceeded 17.9 ℃, as the temperature rised, the volume of emergency medical service response for injury increased. In terms of the single-day lag effect, the risk of emergency medical service response for injury elevated on lag1 and persisted until lag6, the maximum daily effectwas observed on lag2, lag3 and lag4, and their relative risks associated with every 1℃ higher above 17.9 ℃ were both 1.08 times, 95%CIs were (1.03, 1.14), (1.04, 1.12), and (1.04, 1.16) respectively. Both men and women were susceptible to temperature, but on the same lag day, the men's RR value was higher than the women's. There was no statistical difference in the lag effect of temperature on the 0-17 age group; the lag effect on the 18-44 age group appeared on lag1, and lasted to lag6; that for the 45-64 age group appeared on lag1, and lasted to lag4; that for the 65 age group and over was only on lag 3 (RR: 1.05, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.10). ConclusionAs the temperature rises, the volume of emergency medical service response due to injury is increased in Chengdu. In particular, the associated impact is significant on males and people aged 18-44 years old.

Against the backdrop of global warming, the future climate of the Yangtze River Basin will undergo significant changes, and it is urgent to comprehensively evaluate the characteristics of future climate change in the Yangtze River Basin. This article analyzed the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of future temperature, rainfall, and runoff in the Yangtze River Basin based on observational data and global climate model prediction results, combined with the Mann-Kendall trend test method and land surface water balance budget method. The research has shown that with the continuous rise of greenhouse gases, the annual average temperature will rise by 0.23 °C/10a (SSP2-4.5) and 0.32 °C/10a (SSP5-8.5) from 2025 to 2100. Regions with elevated temperatures are mainly distributed in the southern part of the Yangtze River Basin. With the increase in the water vapor content in the atmosphere, the future rainfall in the Yangtze River Basin shows an increasing trend and increases significantly with the increase in radiation level. The increase in rainfall passes the 95% significance level of the Mann-Kendall trend test, and the annual increase is 1.32 mm/(month·10a) (SSP2-4.5) and 2.52 mm/(month·10a) (SSP5-8.5). The significant increase in rainfall in the Yangtze River Basin has led to an increasing trend of annual runoff in the future following the greenhouse gas concentration pathway, and the annual variation ranges are 1 371 m3/(s·10a) (Yichang Station), 827 m3/(s·10a) (Hankou Station), and 332 m3/(s·10a) (Datong Station), respectively, posing challenges for research on flood control, drought resistance, navigation, irrigation, and ecological water demand in the basin.

Environmental factors (such as temperature and water) and their coupling effects will change the unloading creep properties of surrounding rock after tunnel excavation, threatening the stability of surrounding rock and the safety maintenance of construction sites. To analyze the effects of temperature, seepage flow, and their coupling on the creep characteristics of sandstone unloading, the triaxial unloading creep test was carried out on the sandstone specimen (φ50 mm×100 mm) by using the self-designed temperature control system and the improved pore water conduction specimen sealing device. The results show that during the creep time of 300 min after unloading the confining stress, the axial compression and radial expansion creep speed increase gradually and then slow down. The strain is mainly radial creep. The decrease in temperature leads to the increase in axial creep deformation and the decrease in radial creep deformation of the dry and saturated specimens. With the increase in seepage water pressure, the axial strain reduces, and the seepage water pressure suppresses the axial creep deformation, while the radial strain increases significantly, and the expansion phenomenon is obvious. Seepage water pressure promotes radial creep deformation. With the increase of seepage water pressure, the axial unloading creep rate decreases and the radial unloading creep rate increases. Under the coupling effect of temperature and seepage, the creep rate curve of unloading is divided into the attenuation stage and the stable stage, and the deformation in the attenuation stage is dominant. The radial creep rate is higher than the axial creep rate, and the fluctuation amplitude of the radial creep rate is small, which reaches stability fast. This study can provide scientific information for the stability evaluation of surrounding rock in deep underground engineering.

为探究温度对高油酸油脂中醛类化合物形成的影响规律及其作为油脂氧化评价指标的可行性，选取典型高油酸油脂（橄榄油和山茶油）为试验对象，分别进行冷藏(4 ℃)和室温(26 ℃)贮藏12个月以及90、150、210 ℃加热处理12 h，分析处理过程中5种醛类物质（壬醛、辛醛、癸醛、反式-2-癸烯醛和反式-2-十一烯醛）含量的变化规律及可能的形成机制，并与传统油脂氧化评价指标进行相关性分析。结果表明：冷藏和室温贮藏时，饱和醛的生成占主导，尤其是壬醛的增量显著；加热处理时，随加热温度升高不饱和醛逐渐占据优势，反式-2-癸烯醛和反式-2-十一烯醛的增长逐渐加剧；基于油酸自动氧化理论，壬醛的产生主要由9-ROOH和10-ROOH两种氢过氧化物的裂解导致，反式-2-癸烯醛和反式-2-十一烯醛则分别为9-ROOH和8-ROOH氢过氧化物的裂解产生；相关性分析表明，油脂贮藏时特征醛与总氧化值线性相关，加热处理时不饱和特征醛类与茴香胺值线性相关。因此，高油酸油脂氧化过程中所产生的醛类物质含量和种类与温度密切相关，醛类物质可以作为油脂氧化程度评价的新指标，结合传统油脂氧化评价指标，能更全面评价油脂的初级和次级氧化程度。In order to explore the influence of temperature on the formation of aldehydes in high oleic acid oil and its feasibility as an evaluation index of oil oxidation, typical high oleic acid oils (olive oil and oil-tea camellia seed oil) were selected as experimental objects, and they were stored at fridge (4 ℃) and room (26 ℃) for 12 months and heated at 90, 150 ℃ and 210℃ for 12 h,and the variation rules of the contents of five aldehydes (nonanal, octanal, decanal, trans-2- decenal and trans-2- undecenal) during the treatment and possible formation mechanism were analyzed. In addition, the correlation between aldehydes and traditional oil oxidation evaluation indexes was analyzed.The results showed that saturated aldehydes were dominant when stored at fridge and room, especially nonanal had a significant increase. During heating treatment, with the increase of heating temperature, unsaturated aldehydes took the dominant status gradually, the growth rate of trans-2- decenal and trans-2-undecenal progressively increased. Based on the oleic acid auto-oxidation theory, the production of nonanal was mainly caused by the cracking of 9-ROOH and 10-ROOH hydroperoxides. Trans-2- decenal and trans-2- undecenal were produced by the cracking of 9-ROOH and 8-ROOH hydroperoxides, respectively. The correlation analysis found that characteristic aldehydes were linearly related to the total oxidation value during oil storage and unsaturated characteristic aldehydes were linearly related to p-anisidine value during heating treatment. Therefore, the content and types of aldehydes produced in the oxidation process of high oleic acid oil were closely related to temperature. Aldehydes can be used as a new index for the evaluation of oil oxidation degree, and combined with traditional oxidative evaluation indexes, the primary and secondary oxidation degree of oil can be more comprehensively evaluated.

During the storage and processing of lily bulbs, the phenomenon of the violet-red color change of the scales often occurs. To investigate the effect of temperature on the violet-red color change of fresh-cut lily bulb scales, Lilium davidii var. unicolor bulb scales were stored at different temperatures (4, 20, 35 °C), and the surface color, total phenolic content, total anthocyanin content, the activities of anthocyanin synthesis-related enzymes, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) were determined. Results indicated that higher temperatures increased the total phenolic content of lily bulb scales during storage. In the middle of the storage period, temperature promoted the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD), leading to an increase in the browning degree of lily bulb scales and a decrease in surface quality. At the same time, higher temperatures promoted the activity of anthocyanin synthesis-related enzymes, such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR), and anthocyanin synthase (ANS), and a storage temperature of 20 °C could significantly increase the accumulation of anthocyanins in lily scales, but it was not enough to cause a violet-red color on the surface of lily bulb scales. Overall, the temperature is not the main factor affecting the violet-red color change of fresh-cut lily bulb scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method cannot distinguish the relaxation signals of oil and water during flooding, so longitudinal relaxation-transverse relaxation (T1 -T2 ) two-dimensional NMR method was used to distinguish the type and distribution of fluids in the cores. The enhanced oil recovery (EOR) of the SP flooding system consisting of polymer BRH-325 and surfactant GSS-A was studied by flooding experiments at 65, 70, 75 ℃, respectively. T1 -T2 two-dimensional NMR method was used to visually study the flooding law and distribution characteristics of oil and water in the cores. And the experimental measurement results were compared with the NMR measurement results. The results indicate that the SP flooding has the most significant effect on EOR at 70 ℃ . Therefore, T1 -T2 two-dimensional NMR can easily and clearly distinguish the relaxation signals of oil and water during flooding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the correlation between skin temperature at insulin injection sites and lipohypertrophy (LH) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Outpatients or inpatients with T2DM who visited the Department of Endocrinology of the People's Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University from April to October 2023 were selected for the study. The skin at the injection site and at the patient's normal site was examined using high-frequency ultrasound, while thermocouple point temperature measurement was employed to determine the average skin temperature at these sites and calculate the temperature difference. Additionally, LH presence in the patient was determined based on the results of the high-frequency ultrasound and thermal imaging. The paired samples t-test was used to compare the differences in skin temperature and temperature variation between the normal and the LH regions, while Cohen's kappa coefficient was used to assess the consistency of LH diagnosis by infrared thermal imaging and ultrasound. Results A total of 92 patients with T2DM were included, of whom 81 had comorbid LH. Among the LH patients, decreased skin temperature at the ulcer site was observed in 71 cases, while increased temperature was observed in 10 cases. The abdominal skin temperature at the LH site was significantly lower than the normal site, with average temperatures of (32.40±1.12) °C and (33.13±1.16) °C (t=-9.039, P<0.001). Additionally, the skin temperature difference at the LH part was significantly higher than that at the normal part, with average temperature differences of (1.50±0.55) °C and (0.44±0.20) °C (t=15.749, P<0.001). Meanwhile, Cohen's kappa coefficient of LH lesions indicated by thermal imaging and ultrasound was 0.897 (95%CI 0.756-1.038, P<0.001). Conclusions LH decreases local skin temperature. There are some clinical applications of thermography for diagnostic screening for LH and for guiding rotation of the insulin injection site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat production is controlled by precipitation and temperature as well as management practices. However, how wheat yield responds to straw mulching under different climate change scenarios are not well known. Crop models can effectively analyze the impact of different climate conditions and field management practices on crop growth and yield. In this study, based on the observation data from a long-term field experiment that conducted in the Loess Plateau and the on-site daily climatic records from 1999 to 2022, we explored the response of winter wheat to straw mulching under different climate scenarios using the APSIM（agricultural production systems simulator）model. Three treatments as wheat straw mulching at high rate of 9 000 kg/hm² (HSM), low rate of 4 500 kg/hm² (LSM), and no mulching control (CK) were included in the field experiment. Data from field observations of crop growth and soil properties were used to calibrate and validate the APSIM model, ensuring accurate simulation of the conditions. Five levels of precipitation changes (Daily precipitation ±20%, ±10%, and 0) and five levels of temperature changes (Daily temperature 0 ℃, +1 ℃, +2 ℃, +3 ℃, and +4 ℃) were interacted to established a set of climate change scenarios in APSIM model. The variation coefficient and sustainability index of winter wheat yield were also calculated with the modeling data. The simulation results showed that the APSIM model is powerful simulating the grain yield and aboveground biomass accurately with the determination coefficients varied between 0.75-0.92, the normalized root mean square errors varied between 11.07%-14.65%, and the consistency index D varied between 0.84-0.91, respectively. Both precipitation and temperature changes had significant effects on winter wheat yield, and precipitation was more dominant influence than air temperature. When the temperature was constant, winter wheat yield increased with increasing precipitation, with the yield enhancement effect ranked as HSM>LSM>CK among treatments. However, when the precipitation was constant, winter wheat yield decreased with increasing temperature, with the reduction effect ranked as LSM>HSM>CK. Wheat yield also decreased under the interacted scenarios of precipitation and temperature, with the yield reduction effect ranked as CK>LSM>HSM among treatments. Across all climate change scenarios, winter wheat yield was greater in HSM than in LSM and CK. The sustainability index of winter wheat yield was also higher and the variation coefficient of winter wheat yield was lower in HSM than in LSM and CK. Compared with those under other climate change scenarios, wheat yield had a larger variation coefficient and lower sustainability index under the scenario of 20% decrease in precipitation and 2-3 ℃ increase in temperature, indicating a high risk in wheat production. In conclusion, winter wheat production in the Loess Plateau region can be improved by adopting high straw mulching in the context of future climate change. The results of the study provide a theoretical basis for future production and management of winter wheat on the Loess Plateau. In future modeling study, more climate change factors should be included to reduce the uncertainties and provide more comprehensive predictions for wheat production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dissolved oxygen can play a key role in the production and living of aquatic ecosystems. New materials and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies can be expected to promote the process of smart fisheries in recent years. It is very necessary to equip it with light, small, soft, and biocompatible sensors. Flexible electronics and sensing technology can be combined to detect dissolved oxygen. In this study, a flexible dissolved oxygen sensor was prepared to measure the temperature function by magnetron sputtering. The inkjet was also dispensed on both sides of the flexible substrate material. A multi-layer structure of the planar electrode was then adopted for the vertical distribution of oxygen-permeable film to encapsulate the electrolyte and the planar electrode. The polarization voltage was determined for the dissolved oxygen sensor by the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) scanning in the electrochemical workstation. The polarization time of the sensor was measured by the response experiment. In addition, a comparison was also made on the difference between the prepared and commercial electrodes. The surface morphology of dissolved oxygen and temperature sensors was characterized using optical microscopy. A series of tests were carried out on the linearity, sensitivity, response time, drift, stability, and mechanical bending properties of the sensor. Finally, the sensing circuit and intelligent processing were designed to verify the feasibility of the sensor in the detection of dissolved oxygen in aquaculture water. The experimental results showed that the optimal polarization voltage of the prepared dissolved oxygen sensor was −0.6 V and the polarization time was 42 s. There was less difference between the flexible sensor and commercial electrodes in CV scanning, indicating the better performance of ion diffusion. Both the dissolved oxygen sensor and the temperature sensor exhibited homogeneous and better surface morphology at high magnification. There was an excellent linear relationship between the collection current and the dissolved oxygen content (R²=0.994 5) at room temperature. The sensitivity of the sensor was −0.03 μA·L/mg, the response time was 16.8 s (the maximum difference of multiple measurements was 3.3 s), and the maximum difference within 7 days was 0.0195 μA. The resistance of the flexible temperature sensor shared a better linear relationship with temperature in the range of 0-150 ℃ and 0- 30 ℃ (R² were 0.994 9 and 0.997 6, respectively). The sensitivity of the sensor was −2.47 kΩ/℃, the response time was 3 s, and the hysteresis error was 2.17%. The flexible sensor maintained better performance for the measurement of dissolved oxygen and temperature in the range of 0-60°. The maximum error of the prepared sensor was less than 5% when detecting different content of dissolved oxygen in aquaculture water at various temperatures, compared with the commercial sensor. A better temperature compensation can be obtained to rapidly and accurately detect the content of dissolved oxygen and the temperature of the water body in fishery applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)