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Objective To construct a machine learning model based on radiomics features by combing conventional B-mode transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)in order to improve prostate cancer (PCa) detection in the peripheral zone, and to explore its clinical application value. Methods A retrospective study of 109 cases (45 benign, 64 malignant lesions) with targeted biopsy-confirmed pathology who underwent B-mode and CEUS examinations was performed. Time-intensity curves were obtained using Sonoliver software forall lesions in regions of interest. The following parameters were collected: the maximum intensity (IMAX), the rise time (RT), the time to peak (TTP), and the mean transit time (MTT). Clinical risk factors, including age, serum total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), free PSA(fPSA), f/t PSA, prostate volume and prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD), were collected. Feature selection and model construction were carried out by feature correlation analysis and multivariable Logistic regression analysis, respectively. Results Finally, 32 features were screened out by the radiomics models. Three radiomics models (B model, CEUS model and B-CEUS combined model) were established by logistic regression, and radiomics scores were obtained at the same time. The risk factors like age, PSAD, and RT were significant independent predictors (P＜0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of B model, CEUS model, B-CEUS combined model, risk factor model and risk factor-radiomics combined model were 0.75, 0.71, 0.73, 0.70 and 0.84, respectively, and the area under the curves(AUC) were 0.79, 0.75, 0.84, 0.79 and 0.91, respectively. The risk factor-radiomics combined model had a significant significance in the validation cohort (P＜0.05). Conclusions The machine learning model combined with conventional B-mode TRUS, CEUS, and relevant clinical factors can better predict the benign and malignant prostate peripheral lesions, which may significantly support clinical decision-making.

In this review, the detection methods of chemically synthesized coccidiostat residues were summarized, with emphasis on the research progress of high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunochromatographic test paper, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and other methods. The development status and trend of detection methods were discussed, and the future development direction was prospected.

Accurate assessment of runoff abundance and depletion encounter characteristics in the basin under runoff non-consistency conditions in multiple temporal dimensions (year-round, flood season and non-flood season) and multiple spatial dimensions (different hydrological stations) is of great significance to the regional flood and drought resistance, and the integrated development and utilization of water resources. We propose a method to analyze the runoff abundance and depletion encounters in a watershed considering the runoff non-consistency. Taking the mainstem of Weihe River as an example, we analyze the runoff evolution of the mainstem of Weihe River at Linjiacun, Xianyang and Huaxian stations from 1960 to 2020 through the sliding average method and Mann-Kendall method, and construct the Copula joint distribution function among different stations from the watershed scale in different time periods, and the abundance and depletion encounter characteristics of the Weihe River mainstem under runoff non-consistency conditions are analyzed. The results show that: (1) The runoff of the main stream of the Weihe River has obvious characteristics of wet and dry evolution, and there was a sudden change around 1978, and the runoff sequence after the sudden change showed a significant downward trend. (2) The synchronism of the run-off in the main stream of the Weihe River decreases with the increase of the distance between the stations. The synchronism of the run-off in the main stream of the Weihe River is the highest at Linjia Village - Xianyang Station, and the synchronism of the run-off in the main stream of the Weihe River is the lowest at Linjia Village - Huaxian Station; Among the different wet and dry encounter combinations, the most likely occurrence of two sites is the flat-flat combination, and the least likely occurrence is the wet and dry combination. (3) After the runoff variation, the synchronization of wet and dry encounters between different stations has changed significantly. The synchronization of wet and dry encounters between Linjiacun Station and Xianyang Station has decreased significantly, and the synchronization of wet and dry encounters between Xianyang Station and Huaxian Station has increased significantly. Before the variation, the synchronization between the stations in the non-flood season is the strongest, and the synchronization between the stations in the whole year is the weakest. After the variation, the synchronization between the stations in the non-flood season is the weakest, and the synchronization between the stations in the flood season is the strongest. The research results can provide a reference for the characterization of runoff abundance and depletion encounters in the main stream of the Weihe River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ginseng by-products mainly include ginseng residue, and unused ginseng stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and roots, etc. They are rich in ginsenoside, ginseng polysaccharide, and other active substances, and have a variety of biological functions such as improving immunity, anti-fatigue, bacteriostasis, and anti-virus. At present, ginseng by-products are primarily treated as waste, which not only maximize their effects but also resulting in a waste of resources. Ginseng by-products have good application prospects in animal production. Ginseng residue, as well as ginseng stems and leaves, can be used as dietary components or additives, and the ginsenoside found in ginseng stems and leaves can also serve as an adjuvant for animal vaccines. Therefore, the paper reviews the biological functions and application in animal production of ginseng by-products, to provide a reference for improving the comprehensive utilization rate of ginseng by-products and improving animal production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was to investigate the effects of different NFC/NDF ratios on the ruminal fermentation characteristics and serum biochemical indexes of mutton sheep under a corn straw diet. A total of 15 healthy, 50 kg mutton sheep fitted with permanent rumen fistula were seclected, the mutton sheep in the group I, group H, and group M were fed a total mixed diet feeding with NFC/NDF ratios of 0.65, 1.02, and 1.57, respectively. The pre-test period was 15 days, and the formal test period was seven days. The results showed that with the increase of NFC/NDF ratio, the rumen pH value decreased. However, the content of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) in rumen liquid first increased and then decreased. With the increase of feeding time, bacterial protein (MCP) content first decreased and then increased. With the increase of NFC/NDF ratio, the total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) increased after 6 h. The concentration of serum total protein (TP) in the group I was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05), while the concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and albumin (ALB) were significantly lower than that in other groups (P<0.05). The concentration of serum triglyceride (TG) in the group H was significantly higher than that in the group I (P<0.05), and the concentration of free fatty acid (NEFA) was significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05). The concentrations of serum urea nitrogen (BUN) and leptin (LEP) in the group M were significantly higher than those in other groups (P<0.05), the concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was significantly higher than that in the group H (P<0.05), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly lower than that in other groups (P<0.05). The results showed that when NFC/NDF ratio was 1.02 in the corn straw diet mode, the rumen environment and the antioxidant level of mutton sheep could be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To establish a height prediction model of Chinese Han male based on the reported 547 height-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） loci in Europeans, and assess its accuracy for height estimation. Methods The DNA typing was analyzed in 59 Han male samples of Shandong province by Affymetrix SNP Array 6.0 chip and HiSeq 4000 sequencing platform. Prediction model was established using 547 height-associated SNPs loci as predictors and weight allele sums （WAS） as computing method. The accuracy of height prediction model was analysed using receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve and area under curve （AUC）. Results There was no height-associated SNPs locus was found by genome-wide association studies. In present study, height prediction model was established by WAS and obtained an AUC of 0.67 （95% CI: 0.53-0.90）. Conclusion It has reference value for predicting the height of Han male in Shandong province by WAS model based on 547 SNPs loci, while it is still necessary to further promote the accuracy of the prediction model by screening more height-associated SNPs loci with population heterogeneity.

Respiration is an important metabolic basis for plant growth and development. The objective of this study is to compare the differences of taproot development characteristics, respiratory rate, respiratory key enzyme activity, gene expression, and energy change in different growth stages, and analyze the relationship between various respiratory physiological and sugar accumulation of sugar beet roots. In this study, four different genotypes of sugarbeet varieties were used as the experimental materials. The key enzyme activity and gene expression of respiratory metabolic pathway were determined, and respiratory pathway inhibitors were used at different growth stages. These results indicated the EMP-TCA was the main respiratory metabolic pathway during the growth process in beet taproot. No matter which respiratory pathway was inhibited, the weight and diameter of beet taproot can be reduced. Different respiratory metabolic pathways (EMP, TCA, and PPP) all played the important roles in promoting taproot expansion. In conclusions, this study laid a theoretical foundation for further research on the physiological mechanism of sugarbeet taproot, and provided physiological indicators for the breeding and identifying high-yield sugarbeet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to analysis the factors affecting KOH protein solubility of cottonseed meal. The factors affecting the solubility of KOH protein in the processing process of low-temperature cottonseed meal were studied by laboratory experiment and production practice. The results showed that the main loss of KOH protein solubility in the stages of degreasing, dephenolization, drying and evaporation. In the laboratory experiment stage, the countercurrent extraction method had higher solubility than soaking method, and the extraction temperature cannot exceed 55 °. The long-term storage of dephenolization solution had higher solubility to KOH protein of the material. In the process of production, the solubility of KOH protein could be improved by increasing the concentration of new methanol and circulating liquid as far as possible under the condition that gossyrol was qualified. In the drying stage to improve the 1#-3# pan dryer drying temperature, reduce the effect of organic solvents on material protein denaturation. The direct steam pressure and the temperature of the four layers of the evaporator should be reduced as far as possible in the evaporation and drying stage, to reduce the influence of hot and humid steam on the solubility of KOH protein of the material. With the increase of storage time, the solubility of KOH protein of cotton seeds and cotton embryos decreased, but the decrease was not large. The study indicates that higher KOH protein solubility of cottonseed meal could be obtained by selecting fresh raw materials, adopting countercurrent extraction and strictly controlling the technological parameters of solvent extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Shapoling Mo deposit is located in the Xiong'er rock mass of the southern margin of the North China Craton. The deposit is hosted in a contact zone between granite and wallrocks of the Taihua Soupergroup, which is a recently found discovered vein dissemination type deposit in East Qinling. The ore-bodies are associated with quartz veins and controlled by subsidiary faults. The mineralization styles include veinlet and disseminated types. In order to determine the age of the Shapoling Mo deposit, Re-Os isotopic dating of molybdenite was conducted. Six molybdenite samples yielded Re-Os ages ranging from 158.3±1.5 Ma to 160.7±1.2 Ma, with a weighted mean age of 160±1 Ma (2σ, MSWD=2.1). The Re-Os age shows that the Mo mineralization occurred during the late Jurassic, earlier than the formation of Huashan rock mass (about 30 Ma). In addition, one molybdenite sample in Huashan rock mass yielded a Re-Os age of 130.5±1.0 Ma, which is in accordance with the age of the Huashan pluton and molybdenite age (125.4-129.4 Ma) reported by a previous study. In conclusion, the Shapoling deposit contains two episodes of Mo mineralization from the early Cretaceous and late Jurassic periods. Combining this with geological characteristics and tectonic-metallogenic evolution, it is suggested that Huashan rock mass, granite porphyry, and related hydrothermal deposits in the Xiong'er terrain are the products of extrusion to extension transition during continent-continent collision in the Qinling orogenic belt.

Using the Gleeble-1500D simulator, the high temperature plastic deformation behavior of SiCp/Al-Cu composite were investigated at 350-500℃ with the strain rate of 0.01-10s-1. The true stress-strain curves were obtained in the tests. Constitutive equation and processing map were established. The results show that the softening mechanism of dynamic recrystallization is a feature of high-temperature flow stress-strain curves of SiCp/A1-Cu composite, and the peak stress increases with the decrease of deformation temperature or the increase of strain rate.The flow stress behavior of the composite during hot compression deformation can be represented by a Zener-Hollomon parameter in the hyperbolic sine form. Its activation energy for hot deformation Q is 320.79kJ/mol. The stable regions and the instability regions in the processing map were identified and the microstructures in different regions of processing map were studied.There are particle breakage and void in the instability regions.

The experiment was to study the effect of complex plant essential oil on growth performance and immune indexes of carp. A total of 360 healthy carp with weight (182.61±3.01) g and body length (21.90±0.60) cm were randomly divided into four groups, with three replicates in each group and 30 carp in each replicate. Carp in control group, test group 1, test group 2 and test group 3 were fed with compound diets containing 0, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg complex plant essential oil, respectively. The pre-test lasted for 14 d, and the formal test lasted for 45 d. The results showed that compared with control group, the final weight, WGR and SGR of carp in all groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the feed coefficient was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and WGR and SGR of carp in 400 mg/kg group were increased the most. The content of TP and ALB in serum of carp in test group 2 were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05), and the activity of T-SOD was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). The activity of AKP and AST in serum of carp in test group 3 were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). The study indicates that adding complex plant essential oil to carp feed can improve growth performance and enhance immune function, and the suitable amount is 200 mg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed to extract the volatile oil from the flowers of Magnolia lili flora, analyze the components of the volatile oil, and explore the biological activity of the volatile oil, in order to provide scientific basis for the development and utilization of this resource. The volatile oil from the flowers of Magnolia liliflora was extracted by using the n-hexane extraction, and its chemical constituents were isolated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Then, the antibacterial activity and antitumor activity of the volatile oil were preliminarily studied through the filter diffusion method and MTT method. The results showed that: A total of 46 chemical components were identified from the volatile oil of Magnolia lili flora flowers, accounting for 92% of the total content of volatile oil, which were mainly alkenes (17 kinds, accounting for 16.9%), hydrocarbon (8 kinds, accounting for 18.43%), esters (6 kinds, accounting for 3.46%), phenolic alcohol (6 kinds, accounting for 4.18%), aldehydes (4 kinds, accounting for 1.9%), heterocyclics (1 kind, accounting for 9.26%), ethers (1 kinds, accounting for 1.09%) and other categories (3 kinds, accounting for 3.76%), among which the component with a relatively high content was Galgaravin (diphenyl tetrahydrofuran derivatives) with a relative content of 9.26%, followed by hexacosane, tetracosane and n-tricosane with the relative contents of 5.05%, 4.57% and 3.28%, respectively. The relative contents of the remaining substances were all lower than 2.5%. The activity detection showed that the volatile oil samples all had antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtili, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. When the concentration of volatile oil was 1 000.0 µg ⋅ mL-1, the inhibition zone diameter against Bacillus subtilis was 14.8 mm. It showed stronger antitumor activity against the human acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL- 60 with IC50 of 84.3 µg ⋅ mL-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the experiment was to study the feeding value of micro storage and ammoniated corn stalks on Liaoning Cashmere goats. A total of 24 Liaoning Cashmere goats with an average weight of (24.14±1.02) kg were selected and randomly divided into three groups, with eight replicates in each group and one sheep in each replicate. Group I was control group, the roughage was corn stalks+peanut stalks+alfalfa hay, group II was micro storage corn stalks+peanut stalks+alfalfa hay, and group III was ammoniated corn stalks+peanut stalks+alfalfa hay. The formal trial period was 30 d, during which the metabolic test was conducted for 7 d. The results showed that the CP content of corn straw after micro storage and ammoniation treatment increased by 14.84% and 93.70% respectively, and the CP content of ammoniated straw was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P<0.05). The average daily gain of test sheep in group II and group III was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05), and the feed to gain ratio was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). The apparent digestibility of CF, NDF and ADF in control group was significantly lower than that in test group (P<0.05). The study indicates that the micro storage and ammoniation can increase the content of CP, reduce the content of corn straw fiber, improve its quality, increase the digestibility of nutrients, improve the growth performance, and increase economic benefits. The micro storage treatment of corn straw has the best effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the experiment was to study the effect of different types of woody forages for fattening Liaoning cashmere goats. 24 both cashmere and meat strain of Liaoning cashmere female goats [2.5 years old and average body weight (43.41±1.76 kg)] were randomly divided into four groups, with six goats in each group. Group 1 was the control, and the others were feeding with 10% Vitex, Caragana microphylla and oak leaves. The experimental period was 75 d. The results showed that the crude protein content of Vitex was significantly lower than that of Caragana microphylla and oak leaves (P<0.05), the crude fat content of Vitex was extremely lower than that of Caragana microphylla and oak leaves (P<0.01), the crude fiber and acid detergent fiber content of Vitex was significantly higher than that of oak leaves ( P<0.05), the calcium content in the oak leaves was extremely higher than that of Vitex and Caragana microphylla (P<0.01), and the content of phosphorus in the oak leaves was significantly higher than that of Vitex (P<0.05). The daily weight gain in group 2~4 was extremely higher than that of group 1 (P<0.01), the feed to gain ratio in group 4 was significantly lower than that of group 1 (P<0.05). The apparent digestibility of crude protein in group 4 was significantly higher than that in group 1 (P<0.05), and the apparent digestibility of crude fat was significantly higher than that in group 2 (P<0.05). The apparent digestibility of crude fiber in group 4 was significantly higher than that in group 1 ( P<0.05). The apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber was significantly higher than that in group 2 (P<0.05). Using 10% Vitex, Caragana microphyllaand oak leaves could decrease the cost of ration and increase profiting of ?0.37~0.66 each goat in one day. The study indicates that Vitex, Caragana microphyllaand oak leaves could be used substituting other herbage to get better growth performance, digestibility and economic benefit, and in which oak leave was the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water resources safety is the basis and premise of social and economic security and sustainable development. Under the increasingly urgent situation of water resources problem, it has become the focus of attention from all walks of life. The commonly used water resources security evaluation index is sorted out, and the basic index database of water resources security evaluation is established. Considering the connotation of water resources safety, four criteria are set up, including water supply guarantee, water resources development, water resources allocation and water resources utilization, then a comprehensive evaluation index system consisting of 11 evaluation factors is constructed. According to the data of natural, economic, social and water resources in Linyi City from 2013 to 2018, the comprehensive evaluation of water resources security in Linyi City is carried out by using the analytic hierarchy process. The results show that the overall level of water resources security in Linyi City is in a good state, but there is a certain demand for water resources security in water resources development and allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the effect of different protein levels rations on meat nutrition composition of Liaoxi donkeys. A single factor design was adopted in the experiment. Eighteen healthy donkeys were selected and divided into three groups randomly, with six replicates in each group (half in male and female), and one donkeys in each replicate. Donkeys were fed with protein level of 10.71% (trial group 1), 13.57% (trial group 2), 16.42% (trial group 3) rations, respectively. The experimental period lasted for 180 d. The results showed that Asp and Arg of trial group 2 were significantly higher than group 1 and group 3 (P<0.05). Ser and Lys of trial group 2 were significantly higher than group 1 (P<0.05). Ile and Phe of trial group 3 were significantly higher than group 1 and group 2 (P<0.05). Met, Trp and Leu of group 3 were significantly higher than group 1 (P<0.05). Tyr and total amino acid content of trial group 2 and trial group 3 were significantly higher than group 1 (P<0.05). SFA and PUFA of trial group 2 were extremely higher than group 1 and group 3 (P<0.01). MUFA of trial group 2 were significantly higher than that of group 1 and group 3 (P<0.05). Mg content of trial group 1 and trial group 2 were significantly higher than trial group 3 (P<0.05). The experiment indicates the protein level of 13.57% and 16.42% rations improved amino acid content of Liaoxi donkeys meat, and protein level of 13.57% ration extremely improved fatty acid content of Liaoxi donkeys meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid and accurate estimation of soil nutrient content based on hyperspectral data is an optimal method for the monitoring of soil nutrient and inversion of soil physical and chemical characters. The relationship between soil nutrient content and spectral reflectance was analyzed with soil samples being collected from the loess hilly-gully region of northern Shaanxi Province. The prediction models of the content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium were constructed by the combination of three techniques, including partial least squares (PLS), multiple linear regression ( MLR), and support vector machine ( SVM). Then, the optimal model was selected by comparison analysis. The results showed good correlations between the content of soil nutrients and spectral reflectance in visible region (400-760 nm) and near infrared region (760-1100 nm). The maximum values of correlation coefficient located in both spectral regions. The SPA-SVM model had the best applicability and highest inversion accuracy for the contents of all soil nutrients, with simple and efficient modeling process. Our results provided a reference for applying machine learning algorithm in the construction of hyperspectral prediction model of soil nutrient content in the loess hilly-gully region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics and to describe the etiology and possible pathophysiological mechanisms of reversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES). Methods Clinical, radiological data and etiology of 4 cases with RESLES were retrospectively analyzed. Results Two (Case 1 and Case 2) of the 4 patients were caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI), one (Case 3) presented paroxysmal blurred vision after drinking, and the last one (Case 4) suffered from headache and syncope, intermittent blurred vision and chronic renal failure after cold. Cerebral MRI of all patients revealed solitary round lesions with clear boundary in the splenial of corpus callosum, which had isointensity or slightly low - intensity T1WI signal, high - intensity signal in T2WI, FLAIR and diffusion - weighted imaging (DWI), low - intensity signal of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), without edema and mass effect. Susceptility -weighted imaging (SWI) revealed frontal hemorrhage in one case (Case 2) expect for splenial lesion. After etiological and symptomatic treatment, the patients were all relieved, with duration for 8-15 d. MRI reexamination showed abnormal signals of corpus callosum disappeared in 3 patients, and were improved in the other case (Case 2). Neurologic sequelae was not found. Conclusions RESLES is a kind of clinical imaging syndrome with a wide variety of etiologies. One of the most common causes is epilepsy and related disease. Trauma may also be one of the etiologies. The most common clinical manifestations of RESLES are nonspecific, and the prognosis is good after etiological treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking 'Miaoxiang No.7' strawberry as material, full red light, full blue light, full yellow light, full white light, red/blue/yellow (7/2/1), red/blue (7/2) light generated by light emitting diode (LED) was applied to accurately modulate with white light generated as control. The indicators of photosynthetic and fluorescence parameters, pigment content, fruit production and quality, root activity were investigated. The effects of light quality under the light intensity (500 μmol·m-2·s-1) on the photosynthetic characteristic, fruit production and quality of strawberry were studied. The results showed that the red light could increase photosynthetic parameters (Pn,Tr), while blue light had inhibitory effect. Intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and conductance (gs) were the highest under blue light. The fluorescence parameters were significantly affected by light quality, Fo, Fm and ΦPS II the highest under red light, but values of the maximal photochemical of PS II (Fv/Fm), Fv/Fo and Fm/Fo highest under red/blue/yellow (7/2/1). In addition, the soluble solids content and vitamin C were highest under red light, the blue light could increase protein and titratable acid, sugar-acid ratio was the highest under red/blue/yellow (7/2/1). Comprehensive analysis indicated that red/blue/yellow (7/2/1) was more beneficial to the increase of pigment contents of leaves, fruit production and some qualities of strawberry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the experiment, the effects of exogenous cadmium (Cd2+) and calcium (Ca2+) in nutrient solution on growth, photosynthetic characteristics, enzymes activities, main mineral elements absorption of garlic seedlings were studied. The results showed that cadmium could obviously inhibit the growth of garlic seedlings, decrease the pigment contents and photosynthetic parameters (Pn, E, gs) of leaves, reduced the enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT) activities and increase the MDA content of leaves, and also could reduce the N, P, K, Ca, Mg contents and increase the Cd content of roots. The growth was promoted after adding exogenous calcium to garlic seedlings under cadmium stress, which reflected that the morphological indexes were increased at first and then decreased with the increase of exogenous calcium concentrations, and were maximized when the exogenous calcium was 2 or 3 mmol·L-1. At the same time, the pigment contents and photosynthetic parameters (Pn, E, gs) of leaves showed a similar tendency with the morphological indexes, and they were the highest when the exogenous calcium was 2 or 3 mmol·L-1. In addition, adding exogenous calcium to garlic seedlings under cadmium stress enhanced the enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT) activities and decreased the MDA content of leaves, also added the N, P, K, Ca, Mg contents and reduced the Cd content of roots, and the effect was best when the exogenous calcium concentration was 2 or 3 mmol·L-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to guide users to use well and improving websites' quality and constructing the Web semantic model, this paper presented a new approach and framework of learning from Web pages, and used formal concept analysis (FCA) to build the semantic concept tree. Firstly, it used information extraction and natural language processing tools to extract and segment texts, and then identified feature words by statistical methods. Secondly, it transformed feature words into thesaurus terms by using search-engine-based similarity calculation. Thirdly, it formed a formal context, and reduced the context by using rules, clustering and other techniques. Finally, it constructed concept lattice by using some algorithm to get hierarchy, which then transformed into the concept tree. Experimental results show that the concept tree can be used as the basis of Web ontology model, and have a profound signification for semantic assessment. The proposed algorithm has a certain value and referenced significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on forest inventory data and field survey information, and by using GIS spatial analysis technique and landscape indices, this paper studied the spatial distribution of three categories of human activities (settlement, roads, and other sources of disturbances) and their impacts on landscape patterns in three sub-divided regions, i. e. , the west, central and east regions of the Daqingshan Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia. Results showed that the impacts of human activities were stronger in the east and west regions and weaker in the central region. Among the three sub-divided regions, the landscape pattern in the west region was predominantly affected by other sources of disturbances, making the landscape patterns of coniferous forests, broadleaf forests and shrubs tended to be of aggregated distribution; the central region was mainly affected by roads, resulting in reduced landscape patch aggregation of broadleaf forests and shrubs; the east region was mostly affected by settlement, resulting in increased fragmentation of coniferous forests and broad-leaf forests and apparent increases in landscape patch aggregation of shrubs and grasslands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which analyzes the stress in the rock bolt through the softening curve of the shear stiffness based on interfacial shear stress redistribution. It refers to the establishment of a numerical model of a typical pull-out test that is compared with an actual test. Tests results indicate consistency between simulation results and the actual test.

This paper lists the good performance of silk/cashmere blended yarn and outstanding advantages in inhibiting the formation of moisture and bad odor in hosiery. This paper introduces the process flow of the pantyhose of silk/cashmere blended yarn and nylon/spandex wrapped yarn simply, and how to knit on the stockings machine in detail The paper focuses on how to choose the suitable dyeing machine and how to solve the problem of three different fibers' color consistency by low temperature dyeing and how to select appropriate anti-pilling agent to change the friction direction of the cashmere scales in order to raise the anti- pilling level to four. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the moisture of wool fiber is better, its products also show the phenomenon of static electricity in the dry condition. The paper focused on the spinnability of the antistatic wool fiber, which was obtained by the chemical method. Through the analysis of the antistatic wool fiber's physical properties such as fiber length, fineness, fiber tensile strength, fiber crimp, fiber frictional resistance and so on, rational spinning process was determined. The performances of yarns were tested and the results showed that the wool yarn which was spun by the antistatic wool fiber had antistatic performance. Under the same spinning parameters, the difference of basic performances between antistatic wool yarn and the original wool yarn was very little and the antistatic wool yarn can meet the general performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has a great negative impact on teenagers’ study and life. It has been included in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 2013. However, the neural mechanism of its effect is yet to be unveiled. In this study, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (resting-state fMRI) to explore the differences of rich club structures in the functional brain networks of 30 IGD subjects and 30 age/sex-matched healthy controls. The rich club was found in both IGD subjects and healthy controls, involving important brain regions in default mode, executive control, salience, sensorimotor, auditory and visual networks. IGD subjects had significantly higher rich club connection and higher degree in the right pars orbitalis of inferior frontal gyrus than healthy controls. These findings might suggest that IGD might be more correlated with damage to the rich club connection.

Currently a systematical basic theory for coal and gas co-extraction in China has not been formed. A coal and gas co-extraction system was developed in this study based on three stages including economic evaluation, effect of extraction, and multi-level index system. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was used to conduct the evaluation of coal and gas co-extraction. The Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) were weighted and combined, also, the experts' subjective experience and the objective reflection indicator of target zone were combined, thus, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was established. A comprehensive assessment of coal and gas co-extraction is conducted in Shaqu Coal Mine. The cooperation level between coal mining and gas extraction system was quantified by using coordination function based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of each part of the extraction system. The evaluation results show that the subsystem of coal mining and gas extraction in 24207 working face at Shaqu Coal Mine is orderly coordinated; the technology of coal and gas co-extraction in Shaqu Coal Mine is reasonably practicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phthalate esters (PAEs) are used as additives to enhance the pliability and malleability of plastics. These substances frequently migrate from packaging materials to vegetable oils because of the absence of covalent bonds. Over time, this migration could result in the accumulation of PAEs in the human body through ingestion, contributing to various diseases. Therefore, accurate qualitative and quantitative analyses of PAEs in vegetable oils are imperative to assess the origins of contamination and investigate their toxicity, degradation, migration, and transformation patterns. However, the concentration of PAEs in most samples is low, and the composition of vegetable oils is complex. Thus, PAEs must be enriched and purified using appropriate sample pretreatment procedures before analysis. Common methods for pretreating PAEs in oil include solid-phase extraction (SPE), dispersive SPE, and magnetic SPE. These techniques require time-consuming and labor-intensive procedures such as oil dissolution, solvent extraction, and degreasing. These approaches also require numerous solvents and containers, increasing the risk of sample cross-contamination. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) integrates sampling, extraction, purification, concentration, and injection into a single process, significantly accelerating analytical testing and reducing the potential for sample cross-contamination. In headspace (HS) mode, the analytes achieve equilibrium on the coating and are extracted in the gas phase. The fibers are shielded from nonvolatile and high-relative molecular mass substances in the sample matrix. Thus, SPME is an ideal method for extracting volatile compounds in vegetable oils. When HS-SPME coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), it can achieve the rapid screening of PAEs in vegetable oil. In this study, an SPME with cyclodextrin-based hypercrosslinked polymers (BnCD-HCP) coated on stainless steel fibers was employed to extract PAEs from vegetable oil. The structure and morphology of the polymers were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. BnCD-HCP exhibited high stability and diverse interactions, including π-π , hydrophobic, and host-guest interactions. The oil samples were incubated with methanol, and the PAEs were extracted from the headspace using the probe. The optimal extraction parameters included an extraction time of 20 min, extraction temperature of 50 ℃, desorption time of 4 min, and desorption temperature of 275 ℃. The BnCD-HCP/HS-SPME method was evaluated under optimized experimental conditions. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) were determined by applying signal-to-noise ratios ( S/N ) of 3 and 10, respectively. Method accuracy was evaluated using relative standard deviations (RSDs). Single-needle precision was evaluated by conducting three consecutive analyses at 3 h intervals within a day. Inter-needle precision was assessed by conducting the same analyses (three replicates) with differently coated fibers. The 12 PAE compounds exhibited good linearity with correlation coefficients ( R 2 ) of at least 0.99. The LODs and LOQs ranged from 0.21 to 3.74 μg/kg and from 0.69 to 12.34 μg/kg, respectively. The RSDs were in the range of 1.8%-11.4% and 5.1%-13.9% for the single-needle and needle-to-needle methods, respectively. The proposed method was applied to soybean, peanut, and sunflower oils, and two PAEs were found in all three oils. Moreover, the method demonstrated good precision (RSD=1.17%-11.73%) and recoveries (72.49%-124.43%). Compared with other methods, the developed method was able to extract many target analytes and had a low or comparable LOD and high recovery. More importantly, this method does not require tedious operations such as solvent extraction and purification. Consequently, the developed method can be used to extract not only PAEs in oils but also other substances with a high lipid content.

Objective: To examine the application of a novel pedagogical approach multidimensional supportive psychological intervention (MSPI) in the clinical practice teaching of andrological nursing care., Methods: Using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), we assessed the psychology of 100 nursing interns about to enter clinical practice in the Department of Andrology from December 2021 to December 2022. We equally randomized the subjects into an experimental and a control group, the former receiving MSPI and the latter trained on the conventional teaching model without any psychological support intervention., Results: Compared with the baseline, the HAMD scores were significantly decreased in the experimental group after intervention (12.4±2.1 vs 8.9±2.4, P<0.01), but increased in the controls (13.1±1.8 vs 14.7±1.9, P<0.01); the skill scores dramatically increased in the experimental group (82.6±4.7 vs 91.2±2.4, P<0.01), but decreased in the control group after intervention (81.0±3.5 vs 80.4±2.7, P = 0.28)., Conclusion: MSPI can significantly enhance the learning enthusiasm of nursing students in a short period, reduce their psychological stress and improve teaching outcomes. This approach, combining psychology with teaching, can also strengthen the mental resilience of nursing students and better confront them with future professional challenges.

Purpose: To analyze the biomechanical properties of the right mandibular second premolar with deep wedge-shaped defects under static and dynamic loads by finite element method, so as to select appropriate repair method in clinic., Methods: To establish the deep wedge-shaped defect model of the right mandibular second premolar, the unrepaired model after root canal treatment was used as the control group, and resin filling (group A), resin filling after post restoration (group B), crown restoration after resin filling (group C), post and crown restoration after resin filling (group D) were used as the experimental groups. According to different materials, group B and group D were further divided into fiber post (B1, D1) group and pure Ti post (B2, D2) group. Static and dynamic loading were applied by three dimensional finite element analysis software, and the stress and strain were analyzed before and after restoration., Results: Compared with the control group, the stress values under static loading was much lower than that under dynamic loading. Von Mises and the maximum principal stress in each experimental group decreased significantly under static and dynamic loading. In the post group, the stress distribution of fiber post was more uniform than that of pure Ti post., Conclusions: Dynamic load has great influence on the stress distribution. Full crown restoration is beneficial to the stress distribution of the teeth with deep wedge-shaped defects. If a post is necessary, fiber post should be selected.

It is of great significance to clarify the influence of soil temperature and moisture on soil respiration rate and its characteristics in ecologically fragile regions under the background of climate change for the accurate assessment and prediction of carbon budgets in this region. The average CO 2 concentration and soil temperature and moisture at different soil depths (10, 50, and 100 cm) were measured using a CO 2 analyzer and temperature and moisture sensors. The soil respiration rate was calculated using Fick's first diffusion coefficient method. The dynamic characteristics of soil temperature, soil moisture, and soil respiration rate in different soil depths were explored, and the response of soil respiration rate to soil temperature and moisture were further analyzed. The results showed that the diurnal variation in soil respiration rate decreased significantly with the increase in soil depth ( P <0.05), and the peak time lagged behind. Soil respiration rate in adjacent soil depths (10, 50, and 100 cm) lagged 1 h from top to bottom. The monthly variation in soil respiration rate was a multi-peak curve, in which the maximum soil respiration rates of 10, 50, and 100 cm soil depths were on July 25 th , August 6 th , and August 10 th , reaching 13.96, 2.96, and 1.47 μmol·(m 2 ·s) -1 , respectively. The effect of soil temperature on soil respiration rate decreased with the increase in soil depth. Soil temperature at 50 cm and below had no significant effect on soil respiration rate ( P >0.05). The fitting index of 10 cm soil depth was the best ( R 2 =0.96), but the fitting indexes of 50 cm and 100 cm soil depths were poor ( R 2 =0.00 and R 2 =0.01, respectively). The temperature sensitivity coefficient Q 10 decreased with the increase in soil depth. Soil moisture in different soil depths had significant effects on soil respiration rate ( P <0.05), and the quadratic fitting indicated that 50 cm ( R 2 =0.35)>10 cm ( R 2 =0.22)>100 cm ( R 2 =0.31). The combined effects of soil temperature and moisture in different soil depths could explain 96%, 6%-50%, and 22%-24% of soil respiration rate, respectively. In summary, the effects of soil temperature and moisture at different soil depths of the Caragana korshinskii plantation in the loess-hilly region on soil respiration rate differed. The soil respiration rate of the 10 cm soil depth was affected by the comprehensive effect of soil temperature and moisture; however, the relative contribution of soil temperature was higher, and soil moisture at and below a soil depth of 50 cm was the key factor. These results could help improve predictions on the impact of future climate change on the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems in the region and provide a theoretical basis for greenhouse gas regulation in the future.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disease caused by complex endocrine and metabolic abnormalities in women of childbearing age. Metformin is the most widely used oral hypoglycemic drug in clinic. In recent years, metformin has been used in the treatment of PCOS, but its mechanism is not clear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of metformin on PCOS and its mechanism through PCOS mouse model. Female C57BL/6J mice aged 4-5 weeks were intragastrically given letrozole (1 mg/kg daily) combined with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 21 days to establish the PCOS model. After modeling, metformin (200 mg/kg daily) was intragastrically administered. One month later, the body weight and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were measured. Hematoxylin eosin (H&E) staining was used to detect the pathological changes of ovary. The serum levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), E 2 and testosterone (T) were measured by ELISA. The expression of DDX4/MVH was detected by immunohistochemistry. DDX4/MVH and PCNA were co-labeled by immunofluorescence. The protein levels of DDX4/MVH, PCNA, cyclin D2, AMPK and mTOR were detected by Western blot. The results showed that after metformin treatment, the body weights of PCOS mice were gradually returned to normal, glucose tolerance was significantly improved, serum E 2 levels were increased, while AMH, LH, T levels and LH/FSH ratio were decreased. Ovarian polycystic lesions were reduced with reduced atresia follicles. Furthermore, the number of proliferative female germline stem cells (FGSCs) and levels of proliferation related proteins (PCNA, cyclin D2) were significantly increased, and the p-mTOR and p-AMPK levels were markedly up-regulated. These results suggest that metformin treatment not only improves hyperandrogenemia, glucose intolerance and polycystic ovarian lesions in PCOS, but also activates the function of FGSCs. The underlying mechanism may be related to the phosphorylation of AMPK and mTOR. These findings provide new evidence to use metformin in the treatment of PCOS and follicular development disorder.

Twelve biochar types were derived from animal manure (cow manure, chicken manure, and pig manure) and crop straw (wheat straw, rice straw, and corn straw) at different temperatures (300℃/700℃ and 300℃/500℃) for Cd 2+ in a solution system in the present study. A scanning electron microscope, Fourier infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, and CHN analyzer were applied to analyze the physical and chemical properties, surface structure, and elemental composition of the biochar. The adsorption capacity and related mechanism of biochar for Cd 2+ in an aqueous solution was studied. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of cow manure, chicken manure, and pig manure biochar for Cd 2+ increased from 83.40, 19.65, and 96.74 mg·g -1 to 106.54, 268.89, and 164.53 mg·g -1 , respectively, with the increase in pyrolysis temperature. With the increase in pyrolysis temperature, the pore structure of biochar became more abundant, oxygen-containing functional groups increased, and the aromatic structure appeared. Quantitative analyses revealed that ion exchange accounted for 12%-52%, chemical precipitation accounted for 27%-79%, complexation accounted for 1%-8%, and cation-π accounted for 1%-28% of the total adsorption capacity of Cd 2+ . With the increase in pyrolysis temperature, the proportion of cation-π interaction increased from 1%-13% to 8%-30%, but the proportion of chemical precipitation and ion exchange were still very high (70%-93%). Therefore, ion exchange and chemical precipitation could be the main mechanisms of agricultural waste biochar adsorption for Cd 2+ .

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of full-zirconia single-tooth molar implant-supported restorations with angulated screw channel abutments., Methods: Seventy-six patients with a single missing tooth in the posterior region of the maxilla and mandible underwent dental implants from March 2016 to March 2018 were enrolled. After 3 months, each patient received a full-contour screw-retained zirconia restoration with angulated screw channel abutment. Modified sulcus bleeding index (MSBI), modified plaque index (mPLI), periodontal probing depth (PD), marginal bone levels (MBLs) and mid-buccal mucosal levels (MBMLs) were recorded at the implantation moment (T0), four weeks (T1), one year (T2) and two years (T3) after treatment. During the follow-up period, the incidence of implant defects, survival rate and porcelain fracture were recorded. The data were processed using SPSS 23.0 software package., Results: Of the 76 patients, 9 did not have a complete follow-up record (two of the implants failed before restoration, two patients had bilateral first molars missing, and five were lost to follow-up), and the remaining 67 patients with a total of 67 implants had a complete follow-up record. The success rate of implant was 97.01%(65/67) during one-year follow-up, and the initial success rate was 100% at an interval of three months. Compared with indexes at T0, mSBI and mPLI were significantly reduced at T1, T2 and T3 (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in PD level at T0, T1, T2 and T3(P>0.05), and the effective depth averaged 1.75 mm. Compared with indexes at T0, MBLs and MBMLs were significantly increased at T1(P<0.05). A total of 4 cases had implant reconstruction at T1 due to concerns about framework fracture, veneering fracture and aesthetics. At T2 and T3, there was no implant problems and loosening of restoration. There were 2 cases of peri-implant inflammation, one case of implant loss and one case of abutment pain, which were all improved after corresponding treatments. Two cases of porcelain fracture occurred in 67 zirconia restorations (2.63%), and the implant survival rate was 100%., Conclusions: Full-zirconia single-tooth molar implant-supported restorations with angulated screw channel abutments can effectively improve the implant stability in early phase, with high success rate, good short-term effect and few complications.

Objective: To investigate the effects of morin-regulated NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway on experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in rats., Methods: The rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups: control group, experimental autoimmune thyroiditis group (EAT), low-, medium- and high-dose morin groups (post-modeling gavage of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg morin hydrate per day for 6 weeks) and tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides group (LGT group, post-modeling gavage of 6.25 mg/kg tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosidesper day for 6 weeks). Except for the control group, the rat model of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis was established by subcutaneous injection of 0.1 mL incomplete Freund's adjuvant containing porcine thyroglobulin. The levels of serum thyroglobulin (TgAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4) in serum were detected by radioimmunoassay. The mRNA levels of interleukin-17 ( IL -17), interleukin-4 ( IL -4) and interferon γ ( INF - γ ) were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The levels of serum protein carbonyl content, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity were checked with test kits. Expressions of NLRP3, apoptosis-related speck-like protein (ASC), and Caspase-1 were detected by Western blot., Results: Compared with the EAT group, serum levels of TPOAb, TgAb, T3, and T4 in low-, medium- and high-dose Morin groups and LGT group were reduced ( P <0.01) and the mRNA levels of IL -17, INF-γ and IL -4 were increased ( P <0.01), the protein hydroxyl content, MDA activity, and 8-OHdG levels were reduced ( P <0.01). The levels of NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 were reduced ( P <0.01), the levels of 8-OHdG were significantly reduced ( P <0.01), and the levels of NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 were significantly reduced ( P <0.01). There were statistically significant differences between the data from the low-dose and the medium-dose Morin groups and the data of the LGT group ( P <0.05), while data from the high-dose Morin group showed no significant difference compared with the data of the LGT group. Data from low-, medium- and high-dose Morin groups showed no statistically significant differences ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: The findings suggest that Morin improved experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in rats through regulating NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Groundwater resources are important sources of water in the arid region of northwestern China, but their overexploitation and utilization has led to a series of ecological and environmental problems. Exploring the characteristics and mechanism of groundwater chemical evolution is important for the rational use of groundwater resources. The characteristics of groundwater chemical evolution were studied in the Yongji Irrigation Area of Hetao Irrigation District and the formation mechanism of the chemical compounds in groundwater were investigated using cluster analysis, factor analysis, and other statistical methods. The influence degree of different factors was calculated. The results showed that the major cations in groundwater in the study area were Na + and K + , and the major anions were Cl - and HCO 3 - . Moreover, Na + , K + , and Cl - showed high spatial variability and were the main factors contributing to groundwater salinization. The major chemical compounds in the groundwater in the study area were Cl-Na, HCO 3 ·Cl ·SO 4 -Na, and HCO 3 -Na. Based on the cluster analysis results, the groundwater was divided into four categories (A 1 , A 2 , B 1 , and B 2 ), of which A 1 was highly mineralized by Cl-Na type water, while A 2 , B 1 , and B 2 were mainly HCO 3 ·Cl ·SO 4 -Na and HCO 3 -Na type water. Principal component analysis results suggest that groundwater chemistry was mainly affected by salinization, carbonate karstification, and human activities with the influence degrees of 45.976%, 23.853% and 16.678%, respectively. Evaporation, salt rock dissolution, and cation exchange were important sources of Na + and Cl - accumulation in the irrigation area. Agricultural irrigation (leaching of soil salts) and drought (intense transpiration) were the key drivers of groundwater salinization in the irrigation area.

To reveal the effect of water, fertilizer, and gas coupling on soil N 2 O emissions in greenhouse tomato soil and suggest appropriate measures for increasing yield and reducing N 2 O emissions, static chamber-gas chromatography was used to study the effects of soil N 2 O emissions. The variation laws of soil temperature, water-filled pore space (WFPS), NO 3 - -N content, and O 2 content and the influence mechanism of N 2 O emission under the condition of water-fertilizer-gas coupling were analyzed. Aerated conditions comprised two water levels, 0.6 W and 1.0 W (representing 40% deficit irrigation and full irrigation, W represents when sufficient irrigation water was available), and three nitrogen levels (120 kg·hm -2 , 180 kg·hm -2 , and 240 kg·hm -2 , representing low, medium, and high nitrogen, respectively, with 50% F, 75% F, and F, F is the recommended amount of nitrogen application locally). Three levels of fertilization were used as controlled unaerated full irrigation (O representing aeration, and CK representing conventional drip irrigation). Nine treatments were designed in the experiment. The results showed that the tomato field cumulative emission of N 2 O under full irrigation (W2F1O, W2F2O, and W2F3O) increased by an average of 55.7% compared with the corresponding treatment at W1 level ( P <0.05). The N 2 O emissions of W1F3O, W2F3O, and W2F3CK fields significantly increased by 13.4% and 43.8% compared with medium nitrogen W1F2O, W2F2O, and W2F2CK and low nitrogen W1F1O, W2F1O, and W2F1CK treatments, respectively ( P <0.05).Compared with the corresponding unaerated full irrigation, the emissions (W2F1O, W2F2O, and W2F3O) significantly increased by 11.2% ( P <0.05). Aeration, the increase of nitrogen rate, and irrigation amount resulted in the increment of tomato yield and yield-scaled N 2 O emissions. Compared with medium nitrogen, the yield and yield-scaled N 2 O emission of high nitrogen treatment increased by 12.5% ( P <0.05) and 3.9% ( P >0.05), respectively. Compared with low nitrogen treatment, the yield and yield-scaled N 2 O emission of high nitrogen treatment increased by 30.4% and 9.6% ( P <0.05), respectively. The yield and yield-scaled N 2 O emissions of aerated full irrigation significantly increased by 29.7% and 18.7%, respectively, compared with aerated deficient irrigation. Compared with unaerated irrigation treatment, the yield under aerated treatment increased by 10.4% ( P <0.05), and the yield-scaled N 2 O emission increased by 3.9% ( P >0.05). Under the conditions of increasing irrigation water, decreasing fertilizer application, and aeration, partial factor productivity, and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) can be significantly increased. After comprehensive consideration of cumulative N 2 O emissions, tomato production, nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, IWUE, and yield-scaled N 2 O emission, it can be concluded that aerated low nitrogen full irrigation is an optimal management mode. The results provide reference for increasing yield and reducing emissions of greenhouse tomato.

The variation of soil enzyme activity and relevance with soil nutrients was examined in multistable grazing alpine Kobresia grassland, including Gramineae-Kobresia humilis community, K. humilis community, K. pygmaea community at thickened stage, K. pygmaea community at cracked stage and forb-black soil type secondary bare land. The results showed that the vegetation coverage and aboveground biomass successively decreased with degenerative succession. The belowground biomass was the highest in the K. pygmaea community at thickened and cracked stages. The activities of soil sucrase, urease, cellulase, alkaline phosphatase and aryl sulfatase were higher at the surface soil layer (0-10 cm) than those at the subsurface soil layer (10-20 cm), while the pattern of chitinase activity was contrary. The activities of cellulase, alkaline phosphatase and aryl sulfatase were the highest in the Gramineae-K. humilis community and the lowest at the forb-black soil type secondary bare land, and they slightly increased during the thickened stage of K. pygmaea community. Chitinase activity was relatively high at the middle three stages, while urease and sucrase activity had an obvious increase in the forb-black soil type secondary bare land. Soil moisture, ammonium, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, total nitrogen, total carbon and organic carbon successively decreased with degenerative succession, whereas the concentrations of nitrate and available phosphorus increased at the latter two succession stages. The activities of the other enzymes, except for chitinase, were significantly positively correlated with the soil available phosphorus, ammonium, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, total carbon, and organic carbon, and negatively correlated with soil pH. The activities of cellulose, alkaline phosphatase and aryl sulfatase were significantly positively correlated with soil moisture and total nitrogen. The main factors affecting soil enzyme activity were available phosphorus and ammonium. Soil enzymes showed different evolutionary trends influenced by grazing degradation succession in the alpine grassland, with a synergistic effect with soil nut-rients. Moreover, severely degraded extreme environments may stimulate soil enzyme activities related to nitrogen and carbon transformation.

Activity data and technical information of cement production lines in China from 2011 to 2015 were collected. A NO x emissions calculating model and emissions database were developed for the cement industry, and the NO x emissions characteristics of cement production lines in China from 2011 to 2015 were analyzed. The results showed that NO x emissions increased from 1.69 million tons in 2010 to 1.99 million tons in 2012, and then decreased in the subsequent three years to 1.68 million tons in 2015. The provincial-level emissions are significantly uneven. Anhui, Sichuan, Henan, Hunan, Yunnan, and Shandong provinces rank among the top six contributors in the country and together accounted for about 40% of the national emissions in 2015. Shanghai, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Hunan, Yunnan, and Sichuan were the top seven by emissions factor. Lines with capacity of more than 4000 t·d -1 contributed the largest part of NO x emissions. The average NO x emissions factor of more than 4000 t·d -1 lines was 1.24 kg·t -1 . The rapid spread of pre-calcining kilns in China and a higher pollution abatement level were the main factors leading to variations in NO x pollution characteristics in China.

Rapid and accurate estimation of soil nutrient content based on hyperspectral data is an optimal method for the monitoring of soil nutrient and inversion of soil physical and chemical characters. The relationship between soil nutrient content and spectral reflectance was analyzed with soil samples being collected from the loess hilly-gully region of northern Shaanxi Province. The prediction models of the content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium were constructed by the combination of three techniques, including partial least squares (PLS), multiple linear regression (MLR), and support vector machine (SVM). Then, the optimal model was selected by comparison analysis. The results showed good correlations between the content of soil nutrients and spectral reflectance in visible region (400-760 nm) and near infrared region (760-1100 nm). The maximum values of correlation coefficient located in both spectral regions. The SPA-SVM model had the best applicability and highest inversion accuracy for the contents of all soil nutrients, with simple and efficient modeling process. Our results provided a reference for applying machine learning algorithm in the construction of hyperspectral prediction model of soil nutrient content in the loess hilly-gully region.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Zhibai Dihuang Decoction (ZDD) on sperm mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) in the rat model of ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) infection (UUI)., Methods: Ninety male SD rats were randomly divide into five groups: normal control, UUI model control, ZDD, doxycycline, and ZDD + doxycycline. The UUI model was established in the latter four groups of rats by UU injection into the bladder. On the second day after modeling, the animals of the normal control and UUI model control groups were treated intragastrically with 0.9% sodium chloride solution and those in the other groups with corresponding drugs, all for 21 consecutive days. At 24 hours after drug withdrawal, epididymal samples were obtained for detection of the protein and mRNA expressions of VDAC2 and ANT4 in the sperm mitochondria by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively and determination of the contents of adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and energy charge (EC) in the sperm mitochondria by high-performance liquid chromatography., Results: The protein expressions of VDAC2 and ANT4 in the rat sperm mitochondria were 0.626 ± 0.074 and 0.527 ± 0.096 in the normal control group, 0.039 ± 0.011 and 0.044 ± 0.011 in the UUI model control group, 0.101 ± 0.037 and 0.127 ± 0.040 in the ZDD group, 0.236 ± 0.070 and 0.253 ± 0.054 in the doxycycline group, and 0.475 ± 0.064 and 0.367 ± 0.086 in the ZDD + doxycycline group, significantly lower in the UUI model control than in the normal control group (P<0.05 and P<0.01), but remarkably higher in the doxycycline and ZDD + doxycycline groups than in the UUI model control (P<0.01) and the ZDD group (P<0.05 and P<0.01), and the expression of VDAC2 was markedly higher in the ZDD + doxycycline than in the doxycycline group (P<0.01). The mRNA expressions of VDAC2 and ANT4 were 0.008 ± 0.001 035 and 0.026 50 ± 0.003 401 in the normal control group, 0.000 79 ± 0.000 226 and 0.001 64 ± 0.000 205 in the UUI model controls, 0.002 06 ± 0.000 861 and 0.005 04 ± 0.002 537 in the ZDD group, 0.003 34 ± 0.000 229 and 0.008 57 ± 0. 000 690 in the doxycycline group, and 0.004 85 ± 0.000 495 and 0.013 13 ± 0.000 826 in the ZDD + doxycycline group, significantly lower in the UUI model control than in the normal control group (P<0.05 and P<0.01), but remarkably higher in the ZDD, doxycycline and ZDD + doxycycline groups than in the UUI model controls (P<0.01) as well as in the doxycycline and ZDD + doxycycline groups than in the ZDD group (P<0.01) and in the ZDD + doxycycline than in the doxycycline group (P<0.01). The levels of ATP, ADP, AMP and EC in the sperm mitochondria were (203.41 ± 13.16) mg/L, (129.87 ± 14.68) mg/L, (149.05 ± 5.65) mg/L and 0.56 ± 0.01 in the normal control group, (96.22 ± 12.55) mg/L, (99.87 ± 3.28) mg/L, (212.53 ± 19. 43) mg/L and 0.36 ± 0.03 in the UUI model control group, (101.99 ± 5.97) mg/L, (104.99 ± 16.40) mg/L, (183.97 ± 12.43) mg/L and 0.40 ± 0.01 in the ZDD group, (159.44 ± 33.16) mg/L, (118.51 ± 12.99) mg/L, (160.64 ± 14.19) mg/L and 0.50 ± 0.06 in the doxycycline group, and (194.07 ± 9.36) mg/L, (121.62 ± 9.41) mg/L, (150.21 ± 12.87) mg/L and 0.55 ± 0.01 in the ZDD + doxycycline group. The levels of ATP and EC were significantly lower and that of AMP higher in the UUI model control than in the normal control group (P<0.01), while the former two were remarkably higher and the latter one lower in the doxycycline and ZDD + doxycycline groups than in the UUI model controls (P<0.05 and P<0.01). Compared with the ZDD + doxycycline group, the ZDD group showed significantly decreased ATP and EC but increased AMP, while the doxycycline group exhibited decreases in both ATP and EC (P<0.05 and P<0.01)., Conclusions: ZDD can upregulate the decreased protein and mRNA expressions of VDAC2 and ANT4 in the sperm mitochondria and improve sperm mitochondrial permeability transition and mitochondrial energy metabolism in rats with UU infection, which may be one of its action mechanisms in the treatment of UU infection-induced male infertility.

Potassium channels have multitudinous subtypes, which are widely distributed on cell membranes. They affect various cellular physiological functions through participating in processes such as resting potential formation, substance transportation, enzyme activity and cellular communication. Autophagy is a significant mechanism to maintain intracellular metabolic homeostasis. The abnormity of autophagy may lead to the occurrence and development of multiple diseases. Recently, it has been reported that K + channels and cell autophagy are closely related. Here, we reviewed the recent research progresses on regulation of autophagy signaling, autophagy flux or autophagolysosome formation by K + channel, and discussed the physiological significance of autophagy regulation by K + channel.