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ObjectiveTo establish a rapid， sensitive and specific detection method for 4 diarrheal bacteria （Salmonella， Shigella， Vibrio cholera and Escherichia coli O157：H7） by the Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated protein 13a （CRISPR-Cas13a） combined with recombinant enzyme-mediated isothermal amplification （RAA）， called RAA-Cas13a.MethodsIn this study， the specific primer for RAA and CRISPR RNA （crRNA） of 4 different diarrheal bacteria were designed. The sample nucleic acids were amplified by RAA， and the amplification products were then detected with CRISPR-Cas13a. Compared with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（RT-qPCR）， the sensitivity and specificity of the RAA-Cas13a method were evaluated.ResultsThe established RAA-Cas13a detection method for Shigella， Vibrio cholera and Escherichia coli O157：H7 had the detection limit of 10 copies/μL， the detection limit for Salmonella was 1 copy/μL， and each bacteria did not have cross-reaction with the other ten bacteria. Meantime， the detection of the RT-qPCR and RAA-Cas13a were highly consistent in 200 suspected samples and 40 artificial simulation samples （Kappa=0.927 and 1.000， respectively）.ConclusionThe established RAA-Cas13a detection method has the advantages of high sensitivity and strong specificity. It can quickly detect and screen diarrheal diseases caused by 4 pathogenic bacteria.

Objective To study the left ventricular flow vector characteristics in Diannan Small-Ear pigs with anterior anterior wall myocardial infarction by using vector flow mapping (vector flow mapping, VFM) . Methods Routine echocardiography was performed in 18 Diannan small ear pigs and the flow vector and velocity of left ventricle were analyzed. Then the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was ligated at the lower 1/3 piont, and the same echocardiography was performed again 1 hour after ligation. Some parameters, such as flow velocity vector, streamline and swirling flow field parameters of left ventricle, were comparatively analyzed. Results After acute anterior wall myocardial infarction, LVEF, LVFS were decreased (<0.05) . Pig's left ventricular intracavitary vortex in the ejection phase was still visible. The pig's vortex diameter (Dx), vortex longitudinal diameter (Dy), vortex total duration were larger after acute anterior wall myocardial infarction than before. The difference was statistically significant (<0.05) . Conclusions The left ventricular vortex extends from diastolic to systolic when aortic valve is opening, as the left ventricular wall motion decreases after their Left ventricular anteroseptal myocardial infarction. It suggests the lower left ventricular regional systolic function may reduce the blood flow velocity and extend the time of the left ventricular vortex, thus reduce the left ventricular intracardiac hydrodynamic efficiency and cardiac stroke volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To define the impact of BMI index on left ventricular structure and diastolic function, and investigate the application value of E/Em in evaluating left ventricular diastolic function by dual pulse-wave Doppler (DPW) technology. Methods A total of 137 healthy adults without hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, kidney disease, arrhythmia, heart failure and organic heart disease were recruited and assigned to normal weight group (n = 54) and over weight group (n - 83) by BMI index. All subjects underwent conventional echocardiography and dual pulse-wave Doppler (DPW) echocardiography, then we observed and compared the difference in the cardiac structures and diastolic function parameters. Results Interventricular septum thickness (iVSd), left ventricular mass indexs (LVMl), left ventricular diameters (LVEDD) (P < 0.05), left atrial diameters (LAD) (P < 0.01), E/Em ratios (P< 0.05) measured in the over weight group were greater than those measured in the normal weight group. However, peak early mitral annular velocity (Em), Em/Am ratio was decreased (P < 0.05) . Compared with the conventional echocardiography, mitral peak early diastolic trans-mitral flow velocity (E), mitral peak late diastolic trans-mitral flow velocity (A), E/Em ratio (P<0.01) of correcting were significantly increased by DPW echocardiography. Conclusions BMI index is correlated well with Em, Em/Am and E/Em, the alterations of cardiac structures and left ventricular diastolic function in over weight group could be better estimated by DPW echocardiography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the modality and function of right ventricular in patients with atrial septal defect by single beat real-time three dimensional echocardiography. sRT-3DE), and discuss how the pulmonary artery pressure affect the function of right ventricular. Methods The enrolled subjects were divided into four groups, twenty-five healthy volunteers and forty ASD patients were enrolled consecutively as normal controls and the ASD group respectively. The ASD group was divided into three groups, fifteen with pulmonary artery pressure mildly rised as group A, and fifteen with pulmonary artery pressure moderately rised as group B, fifteen with pulmonary artery pressure highly rised as group C. Single cardiac cycle real-time three dimensional echocardiography was performed in all to evaluate parameters concerning modality and systolic function of participants right ventricle. Full-volume imaging was performed and the data was analyzed by right ventricular analysis (RVA) software. The end diastolic volume (EDVRV), end systolic volume (ESVRV), stroke volume (SVRV) and ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) of right ventricular were obtained, as well as the volume-time curve. Results EDVRV, ESVRV and SVRV of atrial septal defects group (group A, B, C) were greater than the control group ( < 0.01) . EDVRV, ESVRV and SVRV of group C were greater than group A and B ( < 0.01) . Compared with A and B group, the RVEF of control group has no significant difference. (P > 0.05), whereas RVEF of group C was less than the control group, group A and B ( < 0.01) . RVEF and EDVRV, ESVRV, SVRV showed a negative correlation in Group C (R =-0.738, < 0.05) . The right ventricular volume change over time of atrial septal defects was lower than those of control group. Conclusions The sRT-3DE has an obvious advantage than normal test in evaluating the change of the right ventricular function and shapes without wound. With the increase of pulmonary artery pressure, the volume of right ventricular in patients with atrial septal defects increase but RVEF does not decrease, when the pulmonary artery pressure highly increased, the function of right ventricular decompensated, RVEF decreased obviously. The changes of volume and function of right ventricular can indirectly reflect the pulmonary artery pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the correlation between Left ventricular flow vector characteristics and left ventricular wall motion in normal people and patients with anterior wall myocardial infarction and abnormal segmental ventricular wall motion by using vector flow mapping (vector flow mapping, VFM) and three dimensional speckle tracking (three-dimensional speckle tracking 3DT). Methods Echocardiography was performed in 30 patients with anterior myocardial infarction and 30 healthy people. Flow vector and velocity of left ventricle were analyzed on apical 3 chambers view with color Doppler. The left ventricle (LV) rotation angle (RA), rotation rate (RR), torsion angle (TA) and torsion rate (TR) in the apical full-volume image were measured and compared by using three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging. Results Compared with the healthy control group, patient group's LVEDV increased, LVEF decreased (P < 0.05) . Patient's left ventricular intracavitary vortex in the ejection phase was still visible. The patient's vortex diameter (Dx), vortex longitudinal diameter (Dy), vortex total duration were larger than those in the healthy control group. There was a significant difference in them between the patient group and control group (P < 0.05). The lower patient's left ventricular rotation angle (rotation angle, RA), rotation rate (rotation rate, RR), torsion angle (twist angle, TA) and the rate of twist (twist rate, TR), the larger vortex Dx and Dy, and the vortex duration was longer. There was a significantly negative correlation (r = -0.693, r = -0. 751, r = -0.655, r = -0.672 P < 0.05). Conclusions The patient's left ventricular vortex formed in diastolic period may extend to systolic period when aortic valve is opening, this results directly from the reduction of RS and AS in left ventricular anterior septal middle segment, anterior wall middle segment and apical segment. The results suggest that after left ventricular remodeling, the ventricular morphous changes, the lower left ventricular regional systolic function may reduce the blood flow velocity and extend the time of the left ventricular vortex, then reduce the left ventricular intracardiac hydrodynamic efficiency and reduce the cardiac stroke volume [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the vascular lesion of coronary artery, Carotid artery and dorsalis pedis artery by 64-section Dual source CT (64-DSCT) and Ultrasonography in aged type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods 129 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) were divided into two groups: 69 cases in elderly CHD group, and 60 cases in elderly T2DM with CHD group. The vascular lesion of coronary artery, Carotid artery and dorsalis pedis artery were measured by 64-DSCT and ultrasonography and compared between two groups. Results Compared with the elderly CHD group, coronary vessel disease was mainly multiple branches in elderly T2DM with CHD group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The rate of the carotid and dorsalis pedis plaque of elderly T2DM with CHD group were 81.6%and 55%, which were significantly higher than the elderly CHD group (65.2%and 39.1%), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Carotid intimal-medial thickness (IMT) and plaque scores in elderly T2DM with CHD group were higher than the elderly CHD group. The plaque number of peripheral vascular in coronary lesions of three branches and two branches groups were higher than the single branch group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions The coronary lesions are mainly multivessel lesions in elderly T2DM with CHD patients. The Carotid and dorsalis pedis plaques are mainly vulnerable plaques in these patients. The more peripheral vascular plaque number, the more coronary lesion branches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the static stiffness of vehicle door, this paper used HDMR (high dimensional model representation) based multi-parameters decoupling theory combined with Morph technology to optimize main cross section shapes of a vehicle door in the conceptual design stage. It compared with other popular metamodel techniques, this method could identify the coupling relationships among shape variables by a few sample points, and then decomposed the high-dimensional problem into a series of low-dimensional sub-problems, so it could improve the efficiency remarkably without loss of accuracy. It adopted Kriging model to construct the terms of Cut-HDMR and then abtained the displacement approximate models of investigated points under five stiffness conditions. Based on the Kriging-HDMR models, then it used NSGA-II (non-dominated sorting based genetic algorithm) to optimize the approximate model. The results show that it lightens the weight of the vehicle door and improves both the vertical stiffness and the torsional stiffness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the mechanism of Zexie Decoction(ZXD) in promoting white adipose tissue browning/brown adipose tissue activation based on the GLP-1R/cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. A hyperlipidemia model was induced by a western diet(WD) in mice, and the mice were divided into a control group, a model group(WD), and low-, medium-, and high-dose ZXD groups. An adipogenesis model was induced in 3T3-L1 cells in vitro, and with forskolin(FSK) used as a positive control, low-, medium-, and high-dose ZXD groups were set up. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence results showed that compared with the WD group, ZXD promoted the expression of UCP1 in white and brown adipose tissues, and also upregulated UCP1, CPT1β, PPARα, and other genes in the cells. Western blot analysis showed a dose-dependent increase in the protein expression of PGC-1α, UCP1, and PPARα with ZXD treatment, indicating that ZXD could promote the white adipose tissue browning/brown adipose tissue activation. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining results showed that after ZXD treatment, white and brown adipocytes were significantly reduced in size, and the mRNA expression of ATGL, HSL, MGL, and PLIN1 was significantly upregulated as compared with the results in the WD group. Oil red O staining and biochemical assays indicated that ZXD improved lipid accumulation and promoted lipolysis. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining for p-CREB revealed that ZXD reversed the decreased expression of p-CREB caused by WD. In vitro intervention with ZXD increased the protein expression of CREB, p-CREB, and p-PKA substrate, and increased the mRNA level of CREB. ELISA detected an increase in intracellular cAMP concentration with ZXD treatment. Molecular docking analysis showed that multiple active components in Alismatis Rhizoma and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma could form stable hydrogen bond interactions with GLP-1R. In conclusion, ZXD promotes white adipose tissue browning/brown adipose tissue activation both in vivo and in vitro, and its mechanism of action may be related to the GLP-1R/cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of deep acupuncture at Lianquan (CV 23) and Yifeng (TE 17) combined with swallowing training for post-stroke dysphagia., Methods: Sixty cases of post-stroke dys phagia were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. Patients in the observation group, based on the regular acupuncture treatment, were treated with deep acupuncture at Lianquan (CV 23) and Yifeng (TE 17), once a day, 30 min per treatment; also swallowing training was combined, twice a day, 20 min per treatment. Patients in the control group were treated with swallowing training. All the patients were treated with regular treatment of stroke. Six days of treatment were taken as one session, and totally 3 sessions were given with an interval of one day between sessions. The video fluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) dysphagia evaluation scale and Watian water swallow test (WWST) were evaluated before and after treatment also the clinical efficacy and the recovery time of two groups were compared., Results: After treatment, the VFSS score in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group (P < 0.01); the WWST in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group (P < 0.01). The cured rate was 70.0% (21/30) in the observation group, which was significantly superior to 43.3% (13/30) in the control group (P < 0.01); the total effective rate was 86.7% (26/30) in the observation group, which was significantly superior to 66.7% (20/30) in the control group (both P < 0.01). The clinical recovery time in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Deep acupuncture at Lianquan (CV 23) and Yifeng (TE 17) combined with swallowing training could effectively improve post-stroke swallow function.

Objective: To observe the different effects of electroacupuncture of different frequencies for treatment of patients with refractory tennis elbow syndrome., Methods: Eighty five patients with refractory tennis elbow syndrome were randomly devided into continuous wave group (n=41) and rarefaction wave group (n= 44). The same acupoints were selected in both groups, and the major acupoints were the tenderness point around affected area in both groups. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the tenderness score of each patient in both groups. The effectiveness was evaluated by the tenderness score., Results: The effective rate was 82. 9% in continuous wave group, and 84. 1% in rarefaction wave group, with no significant difference in statistical analysis (P>0.05). The healing rate was 56. 8% in rarefaction wave group, better than 31. 7% in continuous wave group (P<0.05). The VAS scores were significantly reduced after electroacupuncture treatment in both groups (both P<0.001). There was significant difference in decreasing the VAS score between two groups after treatment (P<0.05), and the rarefaction wave group was better than the continuous wave group., Conclusion: The electroacupuncture of rarefaction wave is better than the electroacupuncture of continuous wave, therefore, it is a better treatment for refractory tennis elbow syndrome.