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Since 2011, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has implemented the Strategic Priority Program on Space Science (SPP). A series of scientific satellites have been developed and launched, such as Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE), Quantum Experiments at Space Scale (QUESS), Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory (ASO-S), Einstein Probe (EP), and significant scientific outcomes have been achieved. In order to plan the future space science missions in China, CAS has organized the Chinese space science community to conduct medium and long-term development strategy studies, and summarized the major scientific frontiers of space science as “One Black, Two Dark, Three Origins and Five Characterizations”. Five main scientific themes have been identified for China’s future breakthroughs, including the Extreme Universe, Space-Time Ripples, the Panoramic View of the Sun and Earth, the Habitable Planets, and Biological & Physical Science in Space. Space science satellite missions to be implemented before 2030 are proposed accordingly.

Electrodynamic technology can effectively remove pollutants such as tetracyclines (TCs), antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the soil. In order to understand the effect of different time treatments on the removal of pollutants in soil, the removal effects of TCs, ARB, ARGs and electrical energy consumption in 3, 7, 10 days in soil by electrodynamic technology were studied. The results showed that with the progress of the reaction, the degradation rate of TCs in the soil increased from 13.5%~19.8% (3 d) to 29.8%~48.2% (10 d). The electric field contribution rate in 7 days was 44.3%~59.8%, higher than the treatment in 10 days (36.4%~56.3%). The removal rates of ARB and ARGs in the soil were 17.6%~35.1%, 38.1%~60.5% in 7 days, which was higher than the reaction in 3 days (13.4%~25.9%, 26.3%~57.3%), 10 days (13.8%~29.7%, 35.0%~52.2%), while the power consumption was less (47.37 kWh/m³). The degradation rate of TCs in the soil was lower at 3 days after electrodynamic restoration, but the soil conductivity decreased after 7 days, resulting in a decrease in electrochemical efficiency and an increase in energy consumption. Based on the removal effect of TCs, ARB and ARGs and the consumption of electric energy all combined, the results showed that the repair effect was best when the electric power was processed for 7 days. To sum up, electrodynamic technology can provide a new effective and feasible way for the remediation of antibiotics and drug-resistant bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) has been widely studied in non-small cell lung cancer, which is considered as an independent prognostic factor in patiens with non-small cell lung cancer. However, there are few studies on the prognostic value of TTF-1 in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the expression state of TTF-1 and the sensitivity to first-line chemotherapy and prognosis in patients with SCLC., Methods: A retrospective analysis was made on 234 patients with SCLC who were diagnosed and treated in The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and received platinum-based chemotherapy. The clinical characteristics, treatment and survival of the patients were followed up. Chi χ² test and Logistic regression model were used to analyze the relationship between TTF-1 expression and chemotherapy response rate. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard regression model were used to analyze the effect of TTF-1 expression on survival time of patients., Results: Among the 234 patients, the positive expression of TTF-1 was 188 cases (80.3%), and the negative expression of TTF-1 was 46 cases (19.7%). The objective response rate (ORR) of first-line chemotherapy in patients with positive expression of TTF-1 was higher than that in patients with negative expression of TTF-1 (70.7% vs 47.8%) (χ²=8.681, P=0.003). Logistic regression multivariate analysis showed that the expression state of TTF-1 was an independent predictor of ORR in first-line chemotherapy (OR=0.216, 95%CI: 0.076-0.615, P=0.004), however this difference was only reflected in LS-SCLC. The median progression free survival (PFS) of patients with negative expression of TTF-1 was shorter than that of patients with positive expression (6.9 months vs 9.0 months) (χ²=9.357, P=0.002). The median OS in TTF-1 negative group was shorter than that in TTF-1 positive group (13.3 months vs 20.1 months)(χ²=12.082, P=0.001)., Conclusions: TTF-1 expression is an independent predictor of first-line chemotherapy response rate and survival in patients with SCLC, and may become a biomarker to predict the efficacy and prognosis of SCLC.

Objectives: To observe the short-term efficacy of EX-PRESS filtration shunt implantation in the treatment of open angle glaucoma, and to analyze the safety and effectiveness of the surgical method., Methods: From April 2017 to January 2018, a total of 28 eyes of 17 open angle glaucoma patients in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were screened. Among them, 16 eyes in the experimental group were treated with EX-PRESS filtration shunt (P200)implantation, and 12 eyes in the control group underwent trabeculectomy. Related examinations were performed in 1 day before operation, 1 day after operation, 1 week after operation, 1 month after operation and 3 months after operation, which included intraocular pressure (IOP), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central anterior chamber depth (ACD), trabecular iris angle (TIA), the long axis of drainage nail and corneal endothelium angle (ACA), intraoperative and postoperative complications. Visual-related quality of life questionnaire was conducted and scored in 3 months after operation., Results: In the experimental group, the IOP in 1 day after operation, 1 week after operation and 1 month after operation was decreased significantly compared with that in 1 day before operation (all P <0.05), but the IOP in 3 months after operation was not significantly decreased compared with that in 1 day before operation ( P >0.05). In the control group, the IOP in 1 week after operation, 1 month and 3 months after operation was decreased significantly with that of pre-operation (all P <0.05), but the IOP in 1 day after operation was not significantly decreased compared with that in 1 day before operation ( P >0.05).The BCVA between the 2 groups was significantly different in 1 week after operation, 1 month and 3 months after operation compared with that in 1 day before operation ( P >0.05). The ACD in 1 day after operation, 1 week after operation, 1 month after operation and 3 months after operation was not significantly different compared with that in 1 day before operation (all P >0.05). However, the ACD in 1 week after operation and 1 month after operation was significantly different in the control group compared with that in 1 day before operation (both P <0.05). There was no significant change in the TIA in the 2 group compared with that in 1 day before operation (all P >0.05). At different observed time after operation, there was no significant difference in the ACA (all P >0.05). The correlation analysis of Pearson showed that there was a weak correlation between the ACA and the IOP ( r =0.286, P <0.05). According to the standard of surgical success defined in this study, the success rate of experimental group was 81.25%, and the control group was 83.33%. There was no significant difference in the visual-related quality of life score between the experimental group and the control group ( P >0.05), but the mean value in the former was higher., Conclusions: As a new type of anti-glaucoma surgery, the success rate of EX-PRESS filtration shunt implantation for 3-month follow-up is equivalent to that of classic trabeculectomy. The operation process is simple, and there is no significant change in the ACD before and after the operation in the period of 3-month follow-up. The stability of the anterior chamber is better. There is no significant correlation between the relative position of the shunt in the anterior chamber and the IOP. Compared with trabeculectomy, there is no significant difference in the visual-related quality of life.

Objective: To discuss the value of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) for the identification of DMD gene deletions during prenatal diagnosis., Methods: G-banded karyotyping and CMA were performed on fetuses with ultrasonographic soft markers but no family history for Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD). Denaturing high-performance liquid chromatograghy (DHPLC) was used to detect DMD gene mutations in umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood samples from the mothers., Results: For fetus 1, analysis of amniocytes showed a normal karyotype, while CMA detected a 119 kb deletion at Xp21.1 (32 565 489 - 32 681 461), which encompassed exons 10 to 16 of the DMD gene. The result was confirmed by DHPLC analysis. The mother was found to have loss of heterozygosity in the same region. For fetus 2, karyotyping of amniocytes also showed a normal male karyotype, while CMA detected a 254 kb deletion at Xp21.1 (32 104 604 - 32 358 874), which encompassed exons 41 to 44 of the DMD gene. The same deletion was not detected in the mother. DHPLC analysis confirmed the presence of both deletions., Conclusion: Two fetuses harboring DMD gene deletions but without a family history were discovered. CMA can improve the efficiency for detecting single gene diseases caused by deletions.

Objective: To study the change of the dominant eye in the age-related cataract patients before and after surgery, to analyze the correlation between the orientation of the dominant eye and the visual quality, and to observe whether the patients with the change in dominant eye were converted to dizziness.
 Methods: A total of 44 patients, with age-related cataract between 60 and 80 years old were enrolled. Group A: the non-dominant (secondary) eye served as the surgical eye (n=35); Group B: the dominant eye served as the surgical eye (n=9); Group C: the operation was performed on the contralateral eye after a month (n=28). Measurement of the dominant eye was performed before operation, 1 week after operation and 1 month after the operation. The changes in the uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA), contrast sensitivity (CS), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and spherical equivalent (SE) between the dominant and non-dominant eye were compared.
 Results: The UCDVA, CS, BCVA and SE were significantly improved at 1 day after the operation. There was significant difference between the 2 groups (P<0.05). Preoperative: in group A, the UCDVA, CS, BCVA of ocular dominance were better than the non-dominant eye with significant difference (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between the SE (P>0.05); in group B, the UCDVA, CS, BCVA in the dominant eye were better than the non-dominant eye's, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). After operation: the UCDVA, CS and BCVA in the dominant eye in group A and group B were higher than those of the non-dominant eye with statistical difference (P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference between SE (P>0.05). The dominant eye's transformation occurred in group A when the non-dominant eye's postoperative visual quality improved over the leading eye. The transformation rate was 60% in 1 week, and the conversion rate was 80% in 1 month. In group C, the dominant eye reduction rate was 100%, and the visual quality was not significant difference between the two eyes (P>0.05). After the operation, the patients with the dominant eye's transformation felt discomfort, which could be relieved within 1 week.
 Conclusion: The location of the dominant eye was correlated with uncorrected visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and the best corrected visual acuity. The dominant eye's transformation occurred when the non-dominant eye's postoperative visual quality improved over the leading eye after the surgery. If the contralateral eye's surgery was performed in a short term, the dominant eye can be returned to the initial state.

Objective: To construct an eukaryotic expression plasmid for AY358935 gene and explore its function., Methods: cDNA of the AY358935 gene was amplified by reverse transcription-PCR and cloned into pGEM-Teasy. The pGEM-T-AY was validated by sequencing and served as a template for the construction of eukaryotic expression plasmid. The pcDNA3.1-AY recombinant was validated by double enzyme digestion and used for transient transfection of M14 cells. Expression of the AY358935 protein and proliferation of the M14 cells were determined respectively by Western blotting and 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) colorimetry., Results: The amplicons of RT-PCR were confirmed to have similar size with the cDNA fragment of the AY358935 gene as well as cloned region of pcDNA3.1-AY. The cloned region of pGEM-T-AY was sequenced to be identical with cDNA sequence of the AY358935 gene. M14 cells were transfected by the AY358935 gene, pcDNA3.1 and liposomes, respectively. After 48 h, expression of the AY358935 protein in M14 cells transfected with the AY358935 gene was significantly higher than other two groups. They also had a significantly higher absorbance value (A=0.74) than other two groups (A=0.39 and 0.46, respectively; P<0.05)., Conclusion: An eukaryotic expression plasmid of the AY358935 gene was successfully constructed. Product of the AY358935 gene may promote the proliferation of M14 cells.

Objective: Structure-similar ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins, BbT1 in Beauveria bassiana (Bb) and IfT1 in Isaria fumosorosea (If), were characterized., Methods: Various phenotypes including cellular antioxidant response, multidrug resistance and virulence were compared between wild-type strain and the constructed mutants DeltaBbT1, DeltaBbT1/BbT1 and DBbT1/IfT1., Results: Compared with the wild-type, DeltaBbT1/BbT1 and DeltaBbT1/ IfT1 strains showing no significant changes in examined phenotypes, DeltaBbT1 became 27% to 2.1-fold less tolerant to the oxidative stress of 20-40 mmol/L H2O2 and 2-8 mmol/L menadione, 28% to 4.7-fold less resistant to carbendazim, itraconazole, dimetachlone, cycloheximide, ethirimol and 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide, and about 20% less virulent to the second-instar larvae of Spodoptera litura., Conclusion: The ABC transporter proteins BbT1 and IfT1 are similar not only in sequence structure but also in biological function, act as one of the determinants for the multidrug resistance of Bb and If, and also contribute to the fungal virulence due to involvement in cellular antioxidant response.