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In recent decades, China's coastal ecological environment has undergone significant changes under multiple pressures such as climate change and high intensity of human activities. The occurrence and scale of harmful algal blooms represented by the red tide and the green tide are increasing rapidly. Moreover environmental problems such as hypoxia and acidification in seawater have become increasingly prominent. It is urgent to find out the occurrence mechanism and prevention measures of marine eco-environmental disasters. Therefore; we explained the connotation of the concept of "marine eco-environmental disaster" for the first time, and systematically interpreted the biogenic element driving mechanisms in the occurrence of eco-environmental disasters in China nearshore area in the aspects of exogenous input of nutrients, the mineralization and decomposition of marine organic matters and nutrient regeneration as well as the abnormal nutrient structure in offshore waters. We pointed out that the drastic increases of terrigenous nutrient discharge caused by enhancing human activities, together with the complex biogeochemical cycle process after biogenic elements entering the sea; led to the frequent occurrence of coastal eco- environmental disasters. On this basis; combined with the latest research progress in this field ; we put forward the regulatory schemes for coastal ecological environment health based on the controlling of seawater biogenic element. That is' based on land-sea integration strategy, the reduction of land-source pollutants, especially inorganic nitrogen from land, coastal zone and into the sea, and the normalization of nutrient structure in coastal seawater through artificial regulation technology, are the key points to reduce and control the occurrence of disasters and improve the quality of the coastal ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study showed that the migration and transformation of marine carbon had a close relation with the biogeochemical processes driven by various chemical factors. The growth and decline of nutrient concentration, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), redox potential (Eh), SO4(2-), and sulfur potential (Es) could change marine chemical environment, and thus, affect the migration and transformation of marine carbon. When the nutrient supply was adequate to the nutritional demand of phytoplankton, CO2 was conveyed to deep sea through photosynthesis and organic matter oxidation, which caused the decrease of sea water Pco2 and the increase of sea-air CO2 flux and organic carbon output, making the sea area as a CO2 sink. But, the increasing acidification of marine environment caused by CO2 dissolution and organic matter degradation brought about the solubility augmentation of carbonate in seawater. Moreover, the mineralization of organic carbon was coupled with the changes of DO, Eh, SO4(2-) and Es, and the deposition and burial process of carbon in sediments. In sea water body, high DO and high Eh accelerated the transformation from inorganic carbon to organic carbon, while in sediment, high SO4(2-) was adverse to the burial of organism with low DO and low Eh.