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Enzymatic hydrolysis preparation process of angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) was optimized and its stability was evaluated. Using the degreased Antarctic krill meal as the substrate and the ACE inhibition rate of enzymatic hydrolysates as the evaluation index, alkaline protease was selected as the optimal protease for preparing ACE inhibitory peptides from Antarctic krill among six types of proteases. The optimum enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were determined through single factor and response surface experiments, which were finally confirmed as follows: Enzymatic hydrolysis time of 3.4 h, material liquid ratio of 1:7 (g/mL) and enzyme dosage of 1.6%. Under these conditions, the ACE inhibition rate of enzymatic hydrolysates was 74.37%±0.87%. The obtained ACE inhibitory peptides exhibited good thermal stability at temperatures ranging from 20 ℃ to 100 ℃ and were relatively stable under neutral and weak alkaline conditions. The ACE inhibitory activity of the peptides decreased significantly under pH8.0 conditions (P

In order to explore the differences of main biochemical components and aroma characteristics of different flavor types of Fenghuang Dancong tea, the electronic nose aroma detection technology, the determination of biochemical components of tea and sensory evaluation were used to compare 8 flavor types and 17 Fenghuang Dancong tea samples produced in Chaozhou, Guangdong province. The results showed that the response values of 8 scented Fenghuang Dancong tea soup method and leaf bottom method were significantly higher than that of dry tea method, and the contribution rates of sulfide and terpenes to the aroma were the highest, reaching 188.24 and 178.79, respectively. The principal component analysis (PCA) of tea soup method was more accurate and effective than dry tea method and leaf base method. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was better than PCA in discriminating aroma types of tea. Loading analysis showed that nitroxides, sulfides and terpenes, alcohols and aldehydes, organic sulfides and methyl groups had higher contribution rates to tea aroma. The contents of water extract, tea polyphenols, free amino acids and theanine in 17 tea samples were 36.54%~49.46%, 9.13%~14.87%, 1.32%~2.44% and 0.75%~4.45%, respectively. Theaflavin, thearubigins and theabrownin contents were 0.04%~0.09%, 1.02%~2.58% and 0.99%~2.28%, respectively. In the sensory evaluation of tea samples, the highest score was 93.1 for the almond-scented old fir duck excrement fragrance, and the lowest score was 81 for the ginger-scented organic Nanjiang. The aroma and quality characteristics of different aroma types of Fenghuang Dancong tea are affected by the age, strain, production season and processing technology of the tea tree. The combination of electronic nose aroma component detection technology and sensory evaluation is a more scientific and reasonable measure to study the aroma of tea.

Rotary kiln is an important industrial large-scale heating equipment. Measuring and calculating its internal heat and temperature distribution is of great significance for the reasonable design of rotary kiln and the setting of process parameters such as material flow rate and heating temperature in the process of operation, so as to achieve the purpose of saving energy. This paper analyzes the variation of heat, gas temperature, material temperature and kiln wall temperature with kiln length in the process of limonite reduction roasting in rotary kiln. The calculated results are in good agreement with the measured results. It is of certain significance to understand the distribution law of heat and temperature and reasonably arrange the process parameters of flue gas combustion and material distribution.

BackgroundHealthcare workers suffer from great internal and external pressure and are prone to burnout. Existing studies have shown that depressive symptoms are important influencing factors of burnout, both of which are closely related to job stress.ObjectiveTo analyze overall prevalence of burnout among healthcare workers using a new survey tool developed by our team, and to reveal potential influencing factors related to burnout.MethodsA cross-sectional multi-center study was conducted in August–October 2019 and June–September 2020, using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling. A total of 8738 healthcare workers from 22 hospitals in 5 provinces (Shandong, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, and Chongqing) of China were selected in this study. A set of survey questionnaires, including the general information questionnaire and the Chinese versions of General Burnout Scale, Core Occupational Stress Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Self-administered Sleep Questionnaire were distributed. Independent samples t-test or one-way ANOVA were employed for inter-group comparison of burnout. Spearman correlation was used to evaluate correlations among burnout, depressive symptoms, and occupational stress. Stepwise linear regression was conducted to identify factors independently associated with burnout. Process plug-in was used to test potential mediating effect of depressive symptoms on occupational stress and burnout.ResultsOf the 8738 questionnaires distributed, 8456 valid questionnaires were collected, and the recovery rate was 96.77%. Among the 8456 healthcare workers, the prevalence of burnout was 58.0%, that of occupational stress was 31.8%, and that of depressive symptoms was 31.0%. Among those with depressive symptoms and occupational stress, the proportions of burnout were 86.7% and 83.7%, respectively. According to the stepwise linear regression analysis, depressive symptoms, occupational stress, work experience, drinking, and marital status were all independent influencing factors of burnout. Especially, depressive symptoms, social support, and organization and reward had significant influences on burnout (b'=0.455, −0.183, 0.220, P

BackgroundWith the rise and deepening of positive psychology research, theoretical research on job burnout is also deepening worldwide, and some new theoretical models are proposed, such as the burnout-engagement continuum, but there is still a lack of empirical research and application in China. ObjectiveTo analyze the current situation and influencing factors of five profiles in the burnout-engagement continuum in working populations of China: job engagement, ineffective, overextended, disengaged, and burnout. MethodsFrom August to October 2019 and June to September 2020, a total of 27344 subjects of key occupations in six typical industries, including teachers, firefighters, manufacturing workers, medical staff, flight attendants, and traffic police, were selected from 10 provinces (cities) in the eastern, middle, and western regions of China by multistage stratified cluster sampling method for cross-sectional investigation. Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey and Core Occupational Stress Scale were used to evaluate job burnout and occupational stress respectively. χ2 test was used to compare rates of count data. Binary logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis of the five profiles. ResultsAmong the subjects, 24.4%, 61.9%, 31.9%, 12.7%, and 11.8% were the prevalence rates of job engagement, ineffective, overextended, disengaged, and burnout, respectively. Flight attendants (35.7%), firefighters (29.0%), traffic police (28.5%), and manufacturing workers (26.5%) had high prevalence rates of job engagement profile. Medical stuff (62.9%) and manufacturing workers (61.8%) had high prevalence rates of ineffective profile. Teachers (39.2%), traffic police (37.2%), and medical stuff (35.5%) had high prevalence rates of overextended profile. Traffic police (17.9%), medical staff (14.3%), and teachers (13.4%) had high prevalence rates of disengaged profile. Traffic police (16.9%), medical staff (13.4%), and teachers (13.3%) had high prevalence rates of burnout profile. The results of multivariate analysis showed that gender, age, education level, marital status, weekly working hours, length of service, income per month, shift work, smoking, drinking, industry, and occupational stress entered into the regression equations of job engagement, ineffective, overextended, disengaged, and burnout. The risks of overextended (OR=1.456-2.970), disengaged (OR=1.306-4.092), and burnout (OR=1.302-4.102) among the high rating groups of the four factors of occupational stress were higher than those among the low rating groups. Flight attendants (OR=0.296) and firefighters (OR=0.329) had lower risks of burnout than teachers, and flight attendants (OR=0.392) and firefighters (OR=0.466) had lower risks of disengaged than teachers. ConclusionAmong the prevalence rates of the five profiles in the burnout-engagement continuum in the 6 typical occupational populations in China, ineffective profile is the highest, followed by overextended, and burnout is the lowest. Gender, age, education level, marital status, weekly working hours, length of service, income per month, shift work, smoking, drinking, industry, and occupational stress have different effects on the five profiles, but industry and occupational stress have greater impacts on job burnout.

BackgroundAs one of the common tools for job burnout assessment, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), its reliability and validity across different populations in China have not been examined yet.ObjectiveTo evaluate the reliability and validity of General Burnout Scale (GBS) by multiple occupational groups through the translation and preliminary test of MBI-GS.MethodsBased on the Special Project of Occupational Hazards in Key Populations led by the Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control, China CDC, key occupational groups in five typical industries were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, including teachers, firefighters, manufacturing workers, medical staff, and traffic police. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate the construct validity of GBS by single-factor, two-factor, and three-factor structure models. The model fitness was assessed by ratio of the chi-square statistic to the respective degrees of freedom (χ2/ν), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), goodness-of-fit index (GFI), comparative fit index (CFI), and parsimony-adjusted non-normed fit index (PNFI). Spearman correlation analysis was used to calculate the criterion validity of GBS with occupational stress, depressive symptoms, and sleep disorders. Cronbach's α coefficient and composite reliability (CR) coefficient were used to evaluate the internal consistency reliability of GBS.ResultsA total of 3485 subjects were surveyed in this study, 3375 valid questionnaires were recovered with a valid response rate of 96.84%. The results of CFA showed that in the adjusted three-factor structure model of GBS (exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy), the χ2/ν < 4, the RMSEA ranged from 0.032 to 0.069, the GFI > 0.90, the CFI > 0.90, and the PNFI > 0.70, which illustrated a good fitness than that of the single- or the two-factor structure models in different occupational groups. The Spearman correlation analysis results showed that occupational stress, depressive symptoms, and sleep disorders were positively correlated with exhaustion and cynicism dimensions, and negatively correlated with professional efficacy dimension of the GBS, with the \begin{document}$ \left| r \right| $\end{document} ranging from 0.139 to 0.662 (P0.05). The Cronbach's α coefficients ranged from 0.819 to 0.899, and the CR values ranged from 0.941 to 0.978 in different occupational groups.ConclusionThe GBS shows high reliability and validity, as well as good application effects in different occupational groups.

BackgroundManufacturing industry is the main body of China's national economy, and manufacturing employees provide solid guarantee and support for the vigorous development of China's manufacturing industry. The research on job burnout of manufacturing employees is helpful to prevent or alleviate the health damage and economic loss caused by job burnout. ObjectiveTo investigate the status and influencing factors of job burnout among manufacturing employees in China, and evaluate the potential mediating effect of job burnout between job stress and depressive symptoms. MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed from August to October 2019 and from June to September 2020 in seven provinces of China. Study participants were recruited from 21 manufacturing companies covering 11 manufacturing subdivisions using multistage stratified cluster sampling. General Burnout Scale, Core Occupational Stress Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were used to evaluate job burnout, job stress, and depressive symptoms. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to compare data between two independent samples and multiple independent samples of measurement data; Pearson χ2 test was used to compare the rate of enumeration data; Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to evaluate correlation between selected variables; binary logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis; stepwise regression and bias-corrected Bootstrap method were used to test potential mediating effect. ResultsA total of 10973 valid questionnaires were collected. The M (P25, P75) scores of exhaustions, cynicism, professional efficacy, job burnout, job stress, and depressive symptoms were 1.6 (0.4, 3.0), 1.0 (0.2, 2.2), 4.8 (3.2, 5.7), 1.6 (0.8, 2.5), 45.0 (40.0, 50.0), and 7.0 (4.0, 11.0), respectively. The positive rates of job burnout, job stress, and depressive symptoms were 53.4% (5865/10973), 28.4% (3116/10973), and 29.4% (3231/10973), respectively. The influencing factors of job burnout were gender (versus male; OR for female=0.852), age (versus≤25 years old; ORs for 26-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60 years old=0.824, 0.819, 0.738, 0.677), education level (versus junior high school or below; ORs for senior high school/technical secondary school, junior college/vocational college, graduate school or above=1.119, 1.345, 1.331), income per month (versus＜3000 yuan; ORs for 3000-4999, 5000-6999, 7000-8999, 9000-10999, ≥11000 yuan=0.513, 0.470, 0.430, 0.375, 0.411), position (versus assembly line; OR for non-assembly line=0.814), average weekly working hours (versus ≤40 h; ORs for 61-70, ＞70 h=1.199, 1.519), and drinking (versus non-drinking; OR for drinking=1.261). Job burnout was positively correlated with job stress and depressive symptoms (r=0.556, 0.508, P

Objective To reveal the association between different types of panniculitis and tuberculosis infection. Methods The clinical data of 33 patients with panniculitis were collected from January 2019 to December 2021 and analyzed association of epidemiology, clinical features, and pathological features with tuberculosis infection, efficacy of anti-tuberculosis treatment, and adverse reactions in some patients, and follow-up after the treatment. Results ①Among the 33 patients with panniculitis, 24 cases were erythema nodosum and 9 cases were Bazin's disease. The male to female ratio was 1∶4.5. The average age was 46 years, and the average disease duration was 10 months. ②The lesions with pain, erythema, nodules and swelling were observed in 90.91% of the patients, including a case of Bazin's disease with ulcer (3.03%). Fever, cough and night sweats were found in 18.18% of patients. Two cases with Bazin's disease had papulonecrotic tuberculid, and two patients with erythema nodosum had systemic multi-joint pain. ③Twenty-two of 33 (66.67%) patients with panniculitis were associated with tuberculosis infection. There were 9 cases of Bazin's disease and 13 cases of erythema nodosum with mycobacterium tuberculosis latent infection (LTBI). The positive rate of tuberculosis infection was significantly higher in patients with erythema induratum than in patients with erythema nodosum (P=0.020).④The pathological manifestations included septal panniculitis (11 cases), lobular panniculitis (3 cases) and mixed panniculitis (19 cases). Epithelial-cell granulomas, multinucleated giant cells, and caseous necrosis were seen in 22 patients associated with tuberculosis infection. Perivascular and fat septal lymphocytic infiltration in the dermis were observed in 11 patients unrelated to tuberculosis infection, with no epithelioid granuloma or multinucleated giant cells. All 33 patients showed negative for acid-fast staining, PAS staining and direct immunofluorescence. ⑤Among the 22 cases related to tuberculosis infection, 15 cases received anti-tuberculosis treatment, resulting in a cure rate of 68.18%, while the cure rate was 14.29% in 7 cases who declined anti-tuberculosis. Eleven patients unrelated tuberculosis infection were cured following the treatments with immunomodulatory combination therapy. No serious adverse drug reactions were observed. Conclusions The positive rate of tuberculosis infection in patients with Bazin's disease was significantly higher than that in patients with erythema nodosum. In patients with tuberculosis infection-related panniculitis, the cure rate of anti-tuberculosis therapy was significantly higher than that of immunomodulatory combination therapy. For erythema nodosum with no evidence of tuberculosis infection, immunoregulatory therapy may be effective. The etiology of erythema nodosum may be related to tuberculosis infection.

On the basis of Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm and angular-spectrum theory, an improved wavefront phase correction algorithm to the Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams was proposed for the orbital angular momentum-shift keying (OAM-SK) modulation-based free space optical (FSO) communication system under weak atmospheric turbulence.The light field distributions of the probe beam at transmitter and receiver were regarded as the input of the improved wavefront phase correction algorithm.And the correction phase mask was iteratively calculated to correct the distorted LG beams, thereby alleviating the inter-model crosstalk caused by atmospheric turbulence.Simulation results show that the improved wavefront phase correction algorithm is superior to the conditional GS algorithm.And with the increase of the refractive-index structure parameter, the bit error rate (BER) performance of the OAM-SK FSO communication system is significantly improved.

Objective To investigate the effect of exosomes produced by hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected cells on the phenotype and function of macrophages. Methods The exosomes secreted by HepAD38 cells, which were capable of producing HBV and HepG2 cells, were collected by ultracentrifugation combined with immunosorbent method.The quality and purity of the extracted exosomes were verified by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), scanning electron microscope and Western blot.The M0 THP-1 macrophages differentiated by PMA were stimulated by HepAD38 derived- or HepG2 derived exosomes.Total RNA and protein samples were collected at different time points after stimulation.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect cytokine mRNA and protein expressions, respectively.Meanwhile, neutral red assay was performed to analyze macrophage pinocytosis activity, and a commercial kit was used to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) in THP-1 macrophages.Human reverse transcription chip detection was performed to obtain the microRNAs profile of the exosomes.And the effect of selected miRNA on macrophages was further confirmed by qRT-PCR. Results Compared with HepG2-derived exosomes, HepAD38-derived exosomes increased the mRNA and protein expressions of IL-1β, MCP-1 and TNFα significantly.However, no difference of pinocytosis capacity or ROS production was found between the HepAD38-derived exosomes group and HepG2-derived exosomes group.Human reverse transcription chip detection results were verified by KEGG analysis and qRT-PCR, and it was found that miR-6824-3p could also significantly increase the expression levels of IL-1β, MCP-1 and TNFα after high expression. Conclusion This study found that exosomes produced by HepAD38 cells may stimulate macrophages to produce inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, MCP-1 and TNFα through miR-6824-3p, thereby playing a role in HBV infection.

Objective: To prepare acetylated Taraxacum mongolicum polysaccharide from Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz, and study its structural characteristics, antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity. Methords: The structure of the polysaccharide extracted by water extraction and then alcohol precipitation method was modified by acetic anhydride method to obtain its acetylated. Infraed spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and X-ray powder diffraction were used to structural characteristics of the polysaccharide and its acetylated. On the basis, the antioxidant activities were evaluated by 1,1-Dipheny1-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals, superoxide anion free radicals, hydroxyl free radicals and reducing power scavenging abilities using chemical model method, and the anti-bacteria tests was evaluated through the paper method in vitro. Results: The extraction yield of purified dandelion polysaccharide was 68.75%. Infraed spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and X-ray powder diffraction of characterization confirmed the successful synthesis of acetylated. The basic structure framework of polysaccharide was not changed after being modified with acetylated. In the concentration range of 0.1～2.0 mg/mL, IC50 values were 5.393±0.941 and 2.153±0.093 mg/mL for pure polysaccharide and acetylated polysaccharides against 1,1-dipheny1-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals, respectively, 6.513±0.500 and 2.092±0.825 mg/mL against superoxide anion, respectively, 0.626±0.034 and 0.322±0.010 mg/mL against hydroxyl radical, respectively, and the maximum scanning rates were 0.138±0.019 and 0.239±0.022 reducing power, respectively. As the concentration increased, the antioxidant activity of acetylated polysaccharides increased gradually. In addition, the antibacterial airyctivity of the acetylated polysaccharides was stronger than the unmodified polysaccharides, and the antibaterial activity with the increase of polysaccharide cincentration. Conclusion: The structural stability of purified Taraxacum mongolicum polysaccharide was increased after being modified with acetylated, leading to a significant increase in the antioxidant activity and antibiacterial in vitro.

ObjectivesDue to the complexity of hull structures, traditional optimization methods are prone to fall into the local optimum and have slow solution speeds. MethodsFor this reason, based on an adaptive mutation particle swarm optimization (AMPSO) algorithm, BP neural network and genetic algorithm (GA), combined with orthogonal experiments designed by Isight/Nastran, an AMPSO-BP-GA structural optimization method is proposed. Subsequently, the optimizations of cross-bar truss and gangboard structures are used as examples to verify the accuracy and feasibility of the algorithm.ResultsThe calculation results show that under the same constraints, the weight of a cross-bar truss structure optimized by the AMPSO-BP-GA method is 2 272.1 kg, which is lighter than structures optimized by other methods; and using the AMPSO-BP-GA method, the weight of a gangboard is reduced by 33.3% compared with the 25.4% weight reduction of the GA-BP-GA method and 17.9% weight reduction of the PSO-BP-GA method, demonstrating that the AMPSO-BP-GA method has superior optimization results.ConclusionsCompared with the three methods of BP-GA, PSO-BP-GA and GA-BP-GA, the AMPSO-BP-GA method has a better effect in the optimization of lightweight structure, and can provide references for the optimization design of hull structures.

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of Baihe Wuyao decoction (BWD) on mice with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and liver damage, and to reveal its underlying mechanism. Methods: Ten of 70 mice were randomly selected as the blank group, and the rest were induced with intra-peritoneally (ip) streptozotocin (STZ) to induce T1DM. After successful modeling, the mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: Model group, positive control group and BWD groups (15, 5, 2.5, 1.25 g·kg−1·d−1). The mice in each group were given continuous administration for 6 weeks. The contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the serum of mice were measured, and the contents of superoxidedismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) in liver tissue homogenate were detected. The pathological changes of mouse liver were observed. The expression of Protein kinase B (AKT) in mouse liver was detected, the mRNA level of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), apoptosis factors including B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl2), Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax), Caspase 3 (CASP3) were measured. Results: BWD exhibited a good hepatic protection with ameliorating hepatic pathological morphology in T1DM mice. Compared with the model group, the levels of ALT and AST in each dose group were significantly reduced (P

The transformation of non-small cell lung cancer to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the major resistant mechanisms, especially patients with epidermal growth factor receptor mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Translational SCLC has been found to have similar clinical features to primary SCLC. Chemotherapy was short-term effective for transformational SCLC, with a median survival of only about 1 year. The deletion of RB1 and the change of somatic copy number were associated with SCLC transformation. Although the molecular mechanism of SCLC transformation is still not fully understood. At the same time, the treatment of transformational SCLC also faces great challenges. Currently, chemotherapy regimens for SCLC are the main treatment options for transforming SCLC. Combination therapy, local treatment and strategies for prevention of SCLC transformatio are also being explored. This article will review research advances on the clinical features, molecular mechanism and treatment options of translational SCLC.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), characterized by early metastasis, relapse, relapse and resistance and poor prognosis, still faces difficulties in treatment. Recently, Immunotherapy is a novel treatment for SCLC, researchers are also eager to achieve a breakthrough in targeted treatment of SCLC. Genomic instability of SCLC and sensitivity to cytotoxic chemotherapy, therefore, poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors targeting DNA repair related pathways have become a hotspot in the research of SCLC targeted therapy. Studies on PARP inhibitors in SCLC have been conducted in combination with other therapeutic strategies, including the treatment of recurrent SCLC and first-line treatment,as well as maintenance treatment after induction. These studies also explored the predictive markers of PARP inhibitors in SCLC. Although the current results of PARP inhibitors in SCLC are limited, and the predictive markers are also inconsistent, we also see that PARP inhibitors could be a breakthroughfor precision medicine of SCLC.

In order to realize the intelligent identification of gas-liquid two-phase flow patterns in upward pipes, the flow pattern identification method based on wavelet transform and probabilistic neural network was proposed. The gas-liquid two-phase flow test was conducted using the small indoor loop experimental device of China University of Petroleum (East China), and the flow pattern in upward pipes and the corresponding liquid holdup signals were acquired. Wavelet transform was used to decompose the liquid holdup signal into five levels, and the standard deviation of the decomposed signal was extracted as the input parameter of probabilistic neural network to identify the stratified flow, bubble flow, slug flow and severe slug flow patterns obtained in the experiment. The results show a good recognition effect of the method on four flow patterns. The overall recognition rate is 96.5%, and the recognition rate for stratified flow and severe slug flow can be up to 98%. The identification method for flow pattern in upward pipe based on wavelet transform and probabilistic neural network can effectively overcome the influence of subjective factors in traditional recognition methods, significantly improve the accuracy of flow pattern recognition, and also facilitate a more intelligent recognition process.

Hot-work die steels are widely used to meet the requirements of industrial applications in which the steels must endure high temperature and mechanical loads, such as the hot stamping of very-high-strength steel. In the field of hot-stamping technology applications, the tool materials must have excellent high-temperature performance, such as the high-temperature stability of the microstructure. Research on hot-stamping die materials began somewhat late in China because high-quality die steel products had typically been imported. A new type of hot-stamping die steel with high thermal conductivity and high wear resistance was developed to meet the requirements of hot-stamping technology. In this study, we used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to determine the high-temperature tempering performance and microstructural characteristics of this new Mo−W−V alloyed hot-work die steel. Based on the results, we derived the precipitation and evolvement rules of the carbides in the new type hot-stamping die steel during the tempering process, which indicate that the new Mo−W−V alloyed test steel has an excellent secondary hardening property. We find the hardness of the microstructure to increase after tempering at 500 ℃–600 ℃; however, at tempering temperatures above 600 °C, the matrix obviously softens and the hardness of the test-steel microstructure decreases. The hardness of the test die steel is strongly linked to the segregation, precipitation and growth of the alloy carbides in the matrix. No alloy carbide precipitation is observed at tempering temperatures below 560 ℃; however, M2C-type carbide precipitation is observed at tempering temperatures higher than 560 ℃. MC-type alloy carbide is observed in the test-steel matrix at tempering temperatures up to 600 ℃. At tempering temperatures above 620 ℃, the M2C-type alloy carbides transform into M6C-type alloy carbides and the hardness curve of the test steel sharply declines. The MC-type and M6C-type alloy carbides are the main carbides in the matrix of the new Mo−W−V alloyed hot-work die steel.

Brain metastasis was a common metastasis site and leading cause of death in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tyrosine kinase inhibitors had improved survival of NSCLC patients with positive drive gene. It also brings good news to NSCLC patients with positive drive gene and brain metastases. However, there is still no effective treatment for NSCLC patients with drive gene-negative and brain metastases. In recent years, immunotherapy has made breakthrough progress and become important first and second line treatment options of NSCLC especially in patients with drive gene-negative. The role of immunotherapy in specific populations of NSCLC-brain metastasis patients, especially drive gene-negative patients has become the focus of attention. In this report, we review the research progress of immunotherapy in NSCLC with brain metastases, especially in driver-negative patients, analyze the limitations of existing research and future challenge.

Starting from the success of anti-CTLA-4 antibody in malignant melanoma, targeted immunotherapy has become one of the effective strategies for anti-tumor therapy, and raised a new wave of research on tumor immunotherapy. In the field of lung cancer, a series of clinical studies on immune-targeted drugs have been carried out aboard, nivolumab, pembrolizumab and atezolizumab have been approved for the treatment of lung cancer, which rewrite the history of lung cancer treatment. In China, clinical studies on immune-targeted drugs for lung cancer have also been developed. The present study mainly analyzed and investigated the current situation, gap and future innovation of the research on anti-tumor immunity of lung cancer in China.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of interventional ultrasound and microwave in the treatment of post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome (SHS). Methods A total of 42 cases of post-stroke SHS (stage Ⅰ) were randomized to receive microwave combined with routine rehabilitation training (control group, N = 19) and interventional ultrasound combined with routine rehabilitation training (treatment group, N = 23), respectively. Before and 3 d, 10 d after treatment, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate shoulder joint pain, and measure the swelling degree of dorsum of hand and metacarpophalangeal joints. Before and 10 d after treatment, Fugl - Meyer Assessment Scale for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) and Barthel Index (BI) were used to assess upper limb motor function and activities of daily living (ADL). Results There was statistically significant difference between 2 groups at different time points on VAS score (P = 0.000) and swelling degree of dorsum of hand and metacarpophalangeal joints (P = 0.000). VAS score (control group: P = 0.000, 0.000; treatment group: P = 0.000, 0.000) and swelling degree of dorsum of hand and metacarpophalangeal joints (control group: P = 0.042, 0.000; treatment group: P = 0.000, 0.000) at 3 and 10 d after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment. VAS score (P = 0.000, 0.000) and swelling degree of dorsum of hand and metacarpophalangeal joints (P = 0.000, 0.000) 10 d after treatment were significantly lower than 3 d after treatment. Compared with before treatment, both VAS score (P = 0.031) and swelling degree of dorsum of hand and metacarpophalangeal joints (P = 0.000) in 2 groups were significantly lower, while FMA-UE (P = 0.000) and BI (P = 0.000) scores were significantly higher after treatment. Conclusions Both interventional ultrasound and microwave combined with routine rehabilitation training can improve shoulder joint pain, swelling degree of dorsum of hand and metacarpophalangeal joints, upper limb motor function and ADL of patients with post - stroke SHS. The effect of interventional ultrasound with routine rehabilitation training is better than that of microwave combined with routine rehabilitation training in improving shoulder joint pain, swelling degree of dorsum of hand and metacarpophalangeal joints. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.06.006

Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) leaves flavonoid microcapsules (M-LBLF) were prepared using gelatin and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC) as wall materials, and the stability and biological activities were investigated. The preparation process of M-LBLF was optimized through response surface methodology. The stability of the product was detected using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and in vitro simulated digestion. The biological activity of the product was evaluated through free radical scavenging and enzyme activity inhibition experiments. Results showed that, the optimal process conditions for M-LBLF were a core to wall ratio of 1:3.86, a wall material concentration of 1.15%, a stirring temperature of 45 ℃, and an embedding rate of 84.21%. SEM observation showed that most of the surface of the microcapsule particles was smooth, the structure of the capsule wall remained intact, and there were no signs of rupture on the wall material. FT-IR spectra showed a shift in C=O at 1594 cm−1 in Lycium barbarum leaves flavonoids (LBLF), suggesting an electrostatic interaction between LBLF and CMC. XRD spectra showed that due to microencapsulation, the amorphous structure of the product was partially transformed into a crystalline state, resulting in slight changes in the diffraction peak intensity of M-LBLF and LBLF. Thermogravimetric analysis found that microencapsulation improved the high-temperature decomposition, playing a protective role for LBLF. In vitro simulated digestion and antioxidant activity experiments showed that microencapsulation improved the stability of LBLF and retained good antioxidant activity during digestion. In addition, the equations were fitted by multiple linear regression to obtain the semi-inhibitory mass concentration (IC50) of the microcapsules against pancreatic lipase (2.2004±0.03 mg/mL) and against α-amylase (2.188±0.02 mg/mL), suggesting that M-LBLF was able to inhibit both pancreatic lipase activity and α-amylase activity, which suggested that it had the potential to regulate the glycolipid metabolism activity. This research would provide a foundation for improving the stability of flavonoids extracted from goji leaves and developing the related nutritional and health foods.

To investigate different irradiation doses of Se-enriched A.Auricularia polysaccharide (SAAP) in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) mice. In this study, extraction of polysaccharides from selenium-enriched fungus was carried out after 60Co-γ-ray irradiation treatment. The optimal extraction conditions of SAAP were optimized by response surface methodology. The optimal irradiation dose was selected for the study of in vivo hypoglycemia by comparing the hypoglycemic effect of SAAP under different irradiation doses. C57BL/6 T1DM mice model was established by injecting streptozotocin (STZ) to evaluate the effects of fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance (OGTT), and SAAP on the glucolipid metabolism and the regulation of oxidative stress in T1DM mice. The results showed that after response surface optimization, the optimal extraction conditions for SAAP: Material-liquid ratio of 37.98:1 mL/g, extraction temperature of 97.94 ℃, extraction time of 3.42 h. The optimal parameters were as follows: liquid-material ratio of 38:1 mL/g, extraction temperature 98 ℃, extraction time of 3.5 h, and SAAP concentration of 0.73 mg/mL. SAAP could improve the symptoms of polydipsia, polyphagia and weight loss in T1DM mice (P

Objective To establish a method for qualitative detection of the presence or absence of all KIR genes by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Q-PCR). Methods Based on the polymorphism of high-resolution level KIR alleles in Chinese population and the IPD-KIR database, KIR gene-specific primers were designed to amplify all the 16 KIR genes and 2DS4-Normal and 2DS4-Deleted subtypes by Q-PCR. Meanwhile, one negative control and one positive control specific amplifying human growth hormone (HGH) gene fragment were set to monitor the false positive and false negative results in PCR amplification, respectively. A total of 302 samples with known KIR genotype previously identified by KIR PCR-SSP commercial kit were randomly selected for blind inspection to verify the reliability of KIR Q-PCR method established by authors. Results The results of 300 samples detected by our KIR Q-PCR method were consistent with the known results, but two samples showed inconsistent results. One sample was negative for 2DS5 by Q-PCR but positive by PCR-SSP, another sample was positive for 2DS1 by Q-PCR but negative by PCR-SSP. The two doubtful samples were genotyped by sequencing-based typing (PCR-SBT) for 2DS5 and 2DS1, respectively. PCR-SBT results confirmed that the results of Q-PCR test was correct. Conclusion The KIR Q-PCR method established in this paper can provide accurate and reliable results for testing the presence or absence of KIR genes.

This is an article in the field of earth sciences and mining processing engineering. Potash ore occurs in the salt layer of Cambrian Hormuz Formation, The ore body is in dancing band with great thickness variation. The ore type is chloride-type sylvite ore, the main ore mineral is sylvite, with KCl content of 2.5%～35.20%. The Cambrian is a lagoon facies deposit. The continuous evaporation of potassium-bearing brine in the Persian Gulf formed a series of marine evaporite sequence containing potassium salt.Affected by the early Alpine structureactivity, the salt layer was compressed to form a salt diapir structure.Using the test flow of one roughing, one scavenger, two concentrating and Coarse ore washing, good test indexes have been achieved, and potassium chloride products containing 87.44% KCl (wet basis) (91.14% dry basis) or 88.97% KCl (wet basis) (93.69% dry basis) can be obtained, with KCl recovery rates of 85.93% and 81.70% , respectively.

Heavy rainfall and high air temperature are the main factors inducing glacial debris flows.In-depth understanding of the variation of disaster-pregnant meteorological conditions of glacial debris flows in small watersheds can provide basis and basic data for early warning and disaster prevention of glacial debris flows.Based on the China Meteorological Forcing Dataset （CMFD） （1979 -2018）， the inter-annual and intra-annual variation characteristics of rainfall， air temperature， and extreme climate index in Kada valley are analyzed using several methods， including Sen's slope， Mann-Kendall trend and mutation test， Sliding t-test， Morlet wavelet transform， coefficient of variation （CV）， and precipitation concentration index （PCI）.The results show that： （1） Both the average annual air temperature and the warm days showed a significant rising trend at rates of 0.05 ℃·a-1 and 1.46 d·a-1， respectively， but the inter-annual variance of the warm days was very high.Both the average annual air temperature and the warm days exhibited quasi-periods of 32 a and mid to short-term scale periods.（2） The air temperature in spring， summer， autumn and winter increased significantly at rates of 0.044 ℃·a-1， 0.039 ℃·a-1， 0.049 ℃·a-1 and 0.06 ℃·a-1， respectively.The air temperature increased significantly in all months， with March and November showing significant inter-annual fluctuations.（3） The decreasing trend of annual rainfall was not significant.Although no significant trend in extreme rainfall days was observed， it fluctuated considerably from year to year， with a sudden change occurring in 1988.Both annual rainfall and extreme rainfall days exhibited multiscale periods of 16~22 a， 8~10 a， 4~6 a， 2~5 a and 2~3 a.（4） The intra-annual distribution of rainfall is generally more balanced.The overall changing pattern of seasonal and monthly rainfall was not significant， except for a noticeable decline in rainfall during June and July， at rates of 1.44 mm·a-1 and 1.15 mm·a-1， respectively.In general， the climate in the Kada valley is transitioning from hot and humid to dry and hot.Additionally， it is in the rainy period of multiscale periodic strong amplitude centers superposition of 2~3 a and 4~6 a， as well as the high air temperature period of 8~11 a.At the same time， the warm days， extreme rainfall days， and monthly rainfall have moderate or greater variation， increasing the likelihood of extreme drought and flood events.The combination of extreme hydrothermal conditions raises the risk of glacial debris flow outbreak in the Kada valley.

For orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, an adaptive pilot design algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning was proposed.The pilot design problem was formulated as a Markov decision process, where the index of pilot positions was defined as actions.A reward function based on mean squared error (MSE) reduction strategy was formulated, and deep reinforcement learning was employed to update the pilot positions.The pilot was adaptively and dynamically allocated based on channel conditions, thereby utilizing channel characteristics to combat channel fading.The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has significantly improved channel estimation performance compared with the traditional pilot uniform allocation scheme under three typical multipath channels of 3GPP.

Intellectualization of coal mine is the technical support for high-quality development of coal industry, and robot replacement of key posts is the development trend of realizing efficient mining of coal with few people and no people. Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is one of the key technologies for autonomous movement and navigation of coal mine robots. The environment of underground coal mine is a typical unstructured environment, with narrow space, complex and changeable structure and uneven lighting, posing a severe challenge to the realization of SLAM in the underground coal mine. The research status of the map construction of the underground coal mine is summarized. In view of the shortcomings of the loopback detection of the LeGO-LOAM algorithm, the SegMatch algorithm is used to improve the loopback detection module of the LeGO-LOAM, the ICP algorithm is used to optimize the global map, and an improved algorithm integrating LeGO-LOAM and SegMatch is proposed, and the principle and implementation of the algorithm are discussed. The underground simulation scene experiments of coal mine were carried out, the mapping effect and accuracy of SLAM algorithm before and after the improvement were compared and analyzed, and the results showed that the map loopback effect constructed by the improved algorithm was better, and the estimated trajectory was smoother and more accurate. The construction method of two-dimensional occupied grid map is studied aiming at the navigation requirements, and the accuracy of the grid map constructed by this method is verified through experiments. The results show that the grid map after effectively filtering outliers such as dynamic obstacles has a mapping accuracy of 0.01 m, and the required storage space is 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of the point cloud map. The research results are helpful to the realization of SLAM and real-time positioning and autonomous navigation of the coal mine robot under the unstructured environment of the underground coal mine.

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of carotid arteriosclerosis (CA) among high stroke risk people aged ≥ 40 years in rural areas of Chaoyang prefecture for providing evidence to develop targeted intervention measures on CA prevention and control. MethodsFace-to-face interview with a self-designed questionnaire, physical examination, and laboratory tests were conducted among 6 830 permanent residents aged ≥ 40 years recruited with stratified random cluster sampling in rural areas of Chaoyang prefecture, Liaoning province from September 2017 to May 2018. Subsequent carotid artery ultrasonography was carried out in 2 479 participants assessed as having high stroke-risk based on the National Technical Specification for Stroke Screening and Prevention; CA prevalence and its influencing factors in the high-risk population were analyzed. ResultsAmong the 2 479 high stroke-risk people, totally 1 211 CA cases were detected and the observed CA prevalence rate was 48.9%. The results of multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that aged ≥ 50 years, with an annual household income of 5 000 – 19 999 RMB yuan, current smoking, and lack of physical exercise are risk factor of CA for the high stroke-risk people; while, female gender and being overweight/obesity are protective factors against CA. ConclusionThe prevalence of CA is relatively high and mainly influenced by gender, age, total annual household income, smoking, physical exercise and body mass index among middle-aged and older residents with high stroke-risk in rural areas of Chaoyang prefecture.

【Objective】To study the removal effect of different woody plants on pollutants in mariculture wastewater, and to provide reference for the purification of mariculture wastewater by plants.【Method】Terminalia neotaliala Capuron and Buxus sinica were selected for hydroponic pot experiment to study the effects of different salinity (0 ‰, 2.5 ‰, 5 ‰, 7.5 ‰, 10 ‰, 15 ‰, 20 ‰) on the purification of mariculture wastewater.【Result】(1) The removal rates of TN and TP by T. neotaliala Capuron and B. sinica decreased with the increase of salinity, and the removal rate of COD fluctuated with the increase of salinity. The removal efficiency of TN and TP by T. neotaliala Capuron was higher than that of B. sinica. (2) Under different salinity conditions, the two plants had different absorption and removal effects on nitrogen and phosphorus. The accumulation of nitrogen showed the rule of underground > aboveground. The accumulation of phosphorus in T. neotaliala Capuron showed underground > aboveground at low salinity, while the accumulation of phosphorus in B. sinica fluctuated with the increase of salinity. The accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in T. neotaliala Capuron was higher than that in B. sinica. When the salinity was 0‰, 2.5‰, 5‰, 7.5‰, 10‰, 15‰, 20‰, the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus taken away by T. neotaliala Capuron absorption was 1.83 mg/g, 2.01 mg/g, 1.78 mg/g, 1.91 mg/g, 1.95 mg/g, 1.35 mg/g and 1.68 mg/ g, respectively. With the increase of salinity, the accumulation of K+ in T. neotaliala Capuron and B. sinica fluctuated greatly, while the accumulation of Na+ showed an increasing trend. When salinity > 2.5 ‰, the accumulation of Na+ showed the rule of aboveground > underground, and the increase of Na+ accumulation reduced the ability of plants to remove nitrogen and phosphorus. (3) pH, ORP, DO and other environmental factors have a certain influence on the removal of pollutants from sewage and the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, K+ and Na+ by plants.【Conclusion】The two plants have a certain removal effect on the pollutants of mariculture wastewater, and the purification effect is better than CK. The purification effect of T. neotaliala Capuron on mariculture wastewater is better than that of B. sinica. T. neotaliala Capuron can be preferentially selected for the treatment of mariculture wastewater.

Objective To investigate the effects of β-estradiol (E2) on the phosphorylation of JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT signaling pathways and the expression of IL-17A in mouse spleen mononuclear cells treated with IL-36β. Methods The spleens were isolated from female SPF C57BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks. The mononuclear cell suspensions were obtained from spleens by density gradient centrifugation. The suspensions of mononuclear cells were transferred into four petri dishes, with 1.5×107 cells/dish, followed by the treatment with either E2 (10-8 mol/L) or IL-36β (10 ng/mL) or IL-36β+E2, while untreated cells served as normal controls. Western blotting was used to assess the changes in phosphorylation of JAK/STAT and PI3K/AKT proteins 30 min after incubation with IL-36β or E2. Moreover, the mononuclear cells were also treated with IL-36β, E2, JAK inhibitor and PI3K inhibitor, respectively, followed by assessment of IL-17A mRNA levels at 6, 12 and 24 h, meanwhile expression levels of IL-17A protein were measured with Western blot at 24 h. Results IL-36β activated the phosphorylation of JAK3/STAT2 and PI3K/AKT in mouse spleen mononuclear cells, while E2 inhibited such activation induced by IL-36β. Expression levels of IL-17A mRNA differed significantly among four groups of cells at 6, 12 and 24 h (F=25.50, 127.04 and 9.76, respectively, all P

Objective To investigate the family inheritance of α-Thalassemla gene and the risk of severe anemia in neonates caused by cold IgG anti-M. Methods ABO, Rh, MN blood groups and the specificity of unexpected antibody were identified by blood group serology. The IgG subtype and antibody titer of anti-M antibody were detected. The etiology of neonatal hemolytic disease was identified by three tests and α-Thalassemla gene diagnosis. Results Family investigation showed that father was B, CCDee, MN with no α-Thalassemla gene detected; Mother B, CcDee, NN, carrying α-Thalassemla gene; both the proband and his brother were B, CCDee, MN, carrying α-Thalassemla gene. Cold IgG anti-M was present in plasma of both the mother and the proband. The titer of the mother was 128 and that of the proband was 64. The subtype of IgG anti-M was IgG1 and IgG3. The direct anti-globulin test, release test and free test of the proband and his brother were negative, and the diagnosis was severe anemia and hemolysis caused by α-Thalassemla combined with cold IgG anti-M. Conclusion The direct antiglobulin test of neonatal hemolytic disease caused by IgG anti-M can be negative or weakly positive, and α-Thalassemla gene could be hereditary in families. The presence of α-Thalassemla gene can cause anemia, hemolysis and splenomegalysis in neonates, which could be aggravated when accompanied by cold-type IgG anti-M. In the presence of high-valency IgG antibody in plasma, blood exchange combined with transfusion can improve the curative effect.

Objective To study the molecular mechanism of 9 samples with rare RhD variants and their RhD epitopes and protein structure. Methods The 9 blood samples with rare RhD variants were collected from 210 644 blood donors of Shenzhen Blood Center. Regular serological assaying was used for determination of Rh type for the 9 samples. Indirect anti-human globulin test (IAT) was used to confirm the RhD antigen and to screen the antibodies. D-screen reagent was sued to analyze the RhD epitopes of the samples. RHD zygosity testing of the samples was detected by PCR-SSP. The nucleotide sequences of all 9 exons and adjacent flanking intron regions of RHD gene were sequenced. The prediction of the effects of mutations on RhD protein function were analyzed using PROVEAN, SIFT, PolyPhen-2 and MutationTaster software. Robetta and Swiss-PdbViewer 4.1.0 were used for modeling the tertiary structures of RhD. Results A total of 9 individuals with rare RhD variants were identified as follows: RHD*weak D type 25, RHD*weak D type 50, RHD*weak D type 95, RHD*weak D type 12, RHD*weak D type 128 and four novel RHD alleles. The prediction of the tertiary structures showed that the RhD protein conformation was disrupted in the 9 rare RhD variants samples. Conclusion Five rare and four novel RHD alleles have been identified. Their phenotypic and genotypic descriptions enrich the database of reported RHD alleles. Bioinformatics analysis provided evidences for further study of the structure and functions of RhD protein.

[Introduction] To effectively improve the cycle efficiency, the Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power generation system has received extensive attention due to its advantages of high thermal efficiency, low pollution, and flexible operation. The waste heat boiler and the steam turbine together constitute the bottom cycle of the system. [Method] Mainly combined with energy balance and thermodynamic calculation formula, using MATLAB for modeling operations, the effect of changes in steam flow, feed water temperature, superheated steam temperature, and reheat steam temperature on the steam turbine output power, thermal efficiency, and the total steam endothermic load was studied. At the same time, under the condition of steady-state operation, the working principle of the bottom cycle and the mass transfer and heat transfer process were analyzed. [Result] The results show that increasing the high-pressure steam flow and reducing the low-pressure steam flow can make the steam turbine output higher power under the premise of higher thermal efficiency. Under the optimized operating parameters, the endothermic load is reduced by 45.7 kW compared with the reference operating condition, and the thermal efficiency is increased from 23.82% to 26.92%. [Conclusion] The higher the temperature of high-pressure superheated steam and reheated steam, the higher the thermal efficiency of the steam turbine system, but the change range of heat absorption load and output power is very small. It can appropriately increase the temperature of high-pressure superheated steam and reheated steam, which is conducive to improving the thermal efficiency of the steam turbine.

Seven potato varieties from Zhangjiakou area of Hebei Province were selected to study the quality characteristics of potato flours by measuring the indexes of color, micromorphology, basic components, functional characteristics, gelatinization characteristics and in vitro digestion characteristics. The results showed that the dry matter content of Jizhangshu 8, Jingzhangshu 2 and Jizhangshu 22 was all higher than 22.50%, which was higher than that of the two foreign varieties (Atlantic and Charpoti). The starch content of Jizhangshu 8 and Jizhangshu 12 was higher than that of Atlantic (70.87%). The reducing sugar content of Jingzhangshu 2 was low, but its protein content (9.92%) was the highest. Atlantic and Jizhangshu 22 had high solubility, Jingzhangshu 2 had good swelling power and freezing-thawing stability. The peak viscosity and setback of Jizhangshu 12 were similar to that of Atlantic. The RDS content of Charpoti and Jizhangshu 20 was low, but their SDS and RS content were high. Atlantic had high resistant starch content (13.79%).

The efficiency of the electric power steering system with constant ratio of differential gear train power transmission system is low transmission and physical consumption of driver is large when there is no motor power assist. In order to solve the problem， a variable ratio differential gear train power transmission system is proposed. Firstly， the reason of low transfer efficiency of the differential gear train power transmission system is analyzed by the dynamics model， and the system design scheme is put forward. Then a continuously differentiable curve function of variable transmission ratio is designed， and the noncircular gear in the system is designed. Finally， the improved scheme is analyzed by establishing mathematical model， and the physical consumption of driver is calculated. The results show that the physical consumption of driver is reduced by 9.15% after the improved scheme， which proves the rationality and effectiveness of the improved scheme.

Experiments on surface-active polymer flooding for enhanced oil recovery were carried out by detection analysis and modern physical simulation technique based on reservoirs and fluids in Daqing placanticline oilfield. The experimental results show that the surface-active polymer is different from other common polymers and polymer-surfactant systems in molecular aggregation, viscosity and flow capacity, and it has larger molecular coil size, higher viscosity and viscosifying capacity, and poorer mobility. The surface-active polymer solution has good performance of viscosity-increasing and viscosity retention, and has good performance of viscoelasticity and deformability to exert positive effects of viscosifying and viscoelastic properties. Surface-active polymer can change the chemical property of interface and reduce interfacial tension, making the reservoir rock turn water-wet, also it can emulsify the oil into relatively stable oil-in-water emulsion, and emulsification capacity is an important property to enhance oil washing efficiency under non-ultralow interfacial tension. The surface-active polymer flooding enlarges swept volume in two ways: Microscopically, the surface-active polymer has mobility control effect and can enter oil-bearing pores not swept by water to drive residual oil, and its mobility control effect has more contribution than oil washing capacity in enhancing oil recovery. Macroscopically, it has plugging capacity, and can emulsify and plug the dominant channels in layers with high permeability, forcing the injected fluid to enter the layer with medium or low permeability and low flow resistance, and thus enlarging swept volume. Key words: high water-cut oilfield, reservoir, surface-active polymer, oil-washing efficiency, swept volume, plug by emulsification, enhanced oil recovery

Based on wavelet theory, continuous wavelet transform algorithm of a function's integration is deduced in this paper. The CWT values of velocity and displacement response signals can be estimated via the above algorithm and by which only the acceleration response of a linear time-varying system is used, and the vibration differential equations can be transformed into linear equations with wavelet expression. Therefore the physical parameters (mass, stiffness and damping) of an arbitrarily time-varying system can be directly determined by solving the linear equations at each moment. Subsequently, a 5 degrees-of freedom time-varying model is simulated. With three different kinds of time-varying cases (abruptly, smoothly and periodically), systemic physical parameters are identified by the proposed identification method using the data with noise. The accuracy, effectiveness and the anti-noise ability of the proposed method are validated by the numerical results. At last, the influence of the resolution analysis to the identification results and how to choose the scale parameters are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The centralized structure of the trusted third party is a major privacy protection structure on location based services.However,if the central third party server can not be trusted or compromised,users have the risk of leakage of privacy location.Aiming at the above problems,location privacy protection approach based on a user-defined grid to hide location was proposed.The system first automatically converted the query area into a user-defined grid,and then the approach utilized order preserving encryption,which made the user’s real-time position in the hidden state could still be compared.Because the information in the process of the approach was in a state of encryption,the server could not know the user’s location information,thus improved privacy protection of the user location.The central third party server only need to do simple comparison work,so its processing time overhead would effectively decrease.Security analysis certificate the security of the proposed approach and simulation experimental show the proposed approach can reduce the time cost of the central third party server.

The resource allocation issue for sensing-based spectrum opportunistic access and sensing-based spectrum sharing access in two-way relay cognitive network with imperfect spectrum sensing was discussed.Different from the traditional resource allocation methods for two-way relay network,new algorithm jointly considering sensing time and transmission power in secondary system.Under the condition of the sensing time and the transmission power,the maximal throughput of the secondary system can be obtained.To protect the primary user effectively from interference,the average interference power constraint in each hop was considered.The total transmission power constraint of the secondary system is also considered.The proposed algorithms can acquire the optimal sensing time and power allocation under imperfect spectrum sensing for the sensing-based spectrum opportunistic access and sensing-based spectrum sharing access.Finally,the performance of the two schemes was compared and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm was verified.

Objective To discuss the significance of IDH1 mutation for diagnosis and prognosis of gliomas through detecting of IDH1 mutation in supratentorial glioma cells. Methods IDH1 genes of postoperative pathological samples obtained from 315 patients with supratentorial gliomas (3 cases of WHO Ⅰ, 95 cases of WHO Ⅱ, 37 cases of WHO Ⅲ and 180 cases of WHO Ⅳ) were collected for DNA extraction, on which PCR amplification and direct sequencing were done. At the same time, multiple⁃factor analysis was used on those patients' age, sex, tumor location, excision extension, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) and progression⁃free survival time or median survival time, to investigate the influence of IDH1 mutation on the prognosis of patients. Results A total of 112 gene mutations among 315 cases (35.56%) were found and they were all R132H type of mutations. Mutation rates in WHOⅡ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ gliomas were 72.63% (69/95), 24.32% (9/37) and 18.89% (34/180) respectively, which were significantly different (P = 0.000, for all). Among patients with IDH1 mutations in WHOⅣ gliomas, there were 18 cases of primary glioblastoma and 16 cases of secondary glioblastoma, the mutation rates of which were 11.39% (18/158) and 72.73% (16/22), respectively. The latter was much higher than the former and the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2 = 23.654，P = 0.001). Survival analysis revealed that IDH1 mutation presented notable effect on the prognosis of patients with gliomas. Conclusion IDH1 mutation can happen in WHO Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ gliomas, and the mutation rates of WHOⅡ gliomas and secondary glioblastomas of WHO Ⅳ are higher than others. The survival time of patients are remarkably influenced by IDH1 mutation, and the prognosis of patient with IDH1 mutation is good, which may suggest that IDH1 mutation is an important diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in different grades of gliomas． DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.06.015

Spinal cord injury has the characteristics of high mortality and disability rates, and the treatment of spinal cord injury has been a worldwide problem. With the deepening of spinal cord injury research and the advancement of treatment methods, the survival rate of patients has improved, but the clinical efficacy is still not ideal. New research has found that the immune response is involved in the entire process of pathological changes and regeneration and repair after spinal cord injury. Among them, the complement system plays an important role in the occurrence and development of spinal cord injury. This article mainly reviews the role of the complement system in secondary spinal cord injury and regeneration and repair after spinal cord injury, including the doubleedged sword effect of the complement system, the impact of the complement system on axonal regeneration and synaptic maintenance, and possible signaling pathways, with a view to improving the treatment of spinal cord injury, providing new treatment ideas.

Objective To explore the effect of baicalein on myocardial fibrosis in experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) mice and its mechanism. Methods Twenty BalB/C mice were divided into blank group, EAM group, baicalein group, and dexamethasone group, with 5 mice in each group. On days 0 and 7, all the mice except those in the blank group were subcutaneously injected with 200 μL of complete Freund’s adjuvant and α-MyHC peptide emulsion. Starting from day 8, the mice in the EAM group, baicalein group, and dexamethasone group were intragastrically administered sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, baicalein, and dexamethasone, respectively. Echocardiography was performed on day 21 of administration to determine left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), shortening fraction (LVFS), left ventricular end-diastolic internal diameter (LVIDd), and left ventricular end-systolic internal diameter (LVIDs) in mice across all groups. On day 21, the mice from all groups were euthanized by cervical dislocation and their heart tissues were collected for HE staining and Masson staining. Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of Th17/Treg cells among the splenocytes. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot were used to analyze the mRNA and protein expression of Collagen Ⅰ, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), interleukin 17A (IL-17A), Treg transcription factor (FOXP3), and IL-10 in the cardiac tissue of mice. Results Echocardiographic results showed that the LVEF and LVFS of mice in baicalein group were significantly higher than those in the EAM group (F=51.55,35.38,q=8.08,5.97,P

Objective To explore the expression of junctophilin 2(JP2)and fibroblast growth factor 23(FGF23)in a rabbit model of atrial fibrillation mediated-cardiomyopathy(AMC). Methods Rabbit models of atrial fibrillation (AF) were developed through rapid atrial stimulation and then divided into three groups: control group (pacemakers implanted without pacing, n=6), AF group (pacing with ejection fraction decrease ＜10%,n=5), and AMC group (pacing with ejection fraction decrease ≥10%, n=6).Echocardiography was performed to detect left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD),left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVESD) and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF). JP2 and FGF23 were detected by ELISA method.Western blot and RT-qPCR were conducted to detect protein and mRNA expression of JP2 and FGF23. Results Left atrial diameter, right atrial diameter and right ventricular diameter increased and LVEF decreased in the AMC group as compared with the control group. AMC group had lower LVEF and larger aorta and right ventricle diameter. Compared with the control group, the expression of FGF23(P＜0.001)and JP2(P＜0.01)in left atrial cardiomyocytes was significantly increased in the AF group, while the expression of JP2 was decreased in the AMC group(P＜0.001).AMC group had lower expression of JP2 and FGF23 compared with AF group. Compared to the control group,plasma concentration of JP2 and FGF23 increased in the AF group and FGF23 plasma concentration increased in the AMC group. Plasma concentration of FGF23 and JP2 was lower in AMC group than that in AF group . Conclusions FGF23 expression increased and JP2 expression decreased as found in the rabbit AMC model.

Objective To explore the effects of polydopamine (PDA) plus luteolin (LUT) with photothermal therapy on tumor killing by cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL). Methods The synthesized PDA was characterized by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a contact angle analyzer. RAW264.7 cells were divided into control group, LPS group (2 μg/L), and PDA' group (50 000 μg/L). After 48 h culture, cell viability was determined by cell counting kit-8. The effect of LUT on the differentiation of RAW264.7 cells was determined by flow cytometry. Female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into model group, PDA group, LUT group, and PDA+LUT group. B16F10 melanoma cells were subcutaneously injected into the back of mice in each group. On the 10th day after modeling, the PDA and PDA+LUT groups received injection of PDA into the tumor as well as photothermal therapy. The mice in the four groups received injection of PBS, PDA (2.5 μg/piece), LUT (500 μg/piece), and PDA (2.5 μg/piece) plus LUT (500 μg/piece) into the muscle of the right thigh, respectively. We observed the tumor growth and survival of the model mice. On days 3 and 7 after treatment, the spleen of each mouse was taken to prepare a single cell suspension for analysis of macrophage differentiation and T cell expression by flow cytometry. Results SEM showed that the synthesized PDA had good adhesion and affinity for water. CCK8 showed that the PDA did not affect cell viability (P>0.05). Significant differences were found in the mean fluorescence intensities of CD206 and iNOS between different groups of RAW264.7 cells (F=30.72,1 516.00,P

Objective: The effect of tea seed saponin (TSS) combined with aerobic exercise (AE) on lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) was investigated. Methods: Mice were randomly divided into a normal group and a model group. The normal group was fed on a maintenance diet and the model group on the HFD to establish an obesity model. After successful modeling, the mice were further divided into an HFD group, an HFD + TSS group, an HFD + AE group and an HFD + TSS-AE group. The levels of serum lipid metabolism and oxidative stress were determined by commercial kits. Hepatic steatosis was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The protein levels of adenosine 5’-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK), silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactlvator 1α (PGC-1α) and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors γ (PPAR-γ) were detected by Western blot. Results: TSS combined with AE treatment significantly reduced body mass and subcutaneous, epididymal, perirenal and abdominal fat indexes in HFD mice (P < 0.05) and improved blood lipid disorders. The serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were, respectively, reduced by 27.80%, 75.15%, 78.36% in the HFD + TSS + AE group compared with the HFD group. Hepatic steatosis was significantly improved in the HFD + TSS, HFD + AE and HFD + TSS-AE groups in comparison with the HFD group. The expression level of hepatic p-AMPK was increased by 64.19%, 2.12 times and 2.64 times, SIRT1 by 47.01%, 1.48% and 67.02%, PGC-1α by 2.03 times, 62.93% and 2.10 times, and PPAR-γ in skeletal muscle by 64.08%, 2.12 times and 3.34 times, respectively. After treated by TSS and AE, the serum and liver levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were increased in HFD mice, and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were decreased. Conclusion: TSS combined with AE can reduce fat accumulation and improve lipid metabolism disorders and oxidative stress induced by HFD in mice.