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During the service time of 316 stainless steel elbow of sewage stripper, obvious local thinning and leakage occurred on both sides and the inner ridge of the elbow bend. The causes of corrosion were analyzed by means of macroscopic examination, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, and electron energy spectrum analysis on substrate and corrosion sediment. Results showed that the main reasons for the local thinning at the bend were the uneven distribution of flow pattern in the later stage caused by the drainage separation of the thermocouple, and the erosion corrosion caused by the excessive local flow velocity due to the sudden change of the flow direction at the bend. Based on the above causes of corrosion, corresponding protective recommendations were put forward.

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Cholesterol is an essential substance for biological process. Intestinal absorption of dietary cholesterol, as well as circulating lipoprotein exchange, intracellular cholesterol synthesis and metabolism influence hepatic lipid metabolism. It is indicated that the dysfunction of organelles and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines contributed to the activation of cholesterol-loaded macrophage. Besides, cholesterol and bile acid metabolism can also trigger to the development and progression of NASH.

The aim of the experiment was to investigate the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of fermented flavones from the stem and leaf of Scutellaria baicalensis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, and Staphylococcus aureus were used as test strains, the MIC, MBC, and inhibitory circle size were determined. A total of 50 SPF grade Kunming mice were randomly divided into five groups with 10 mice in each group. Mice in all groups except the control group (Con group) were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 4 mg/kg), and mice in the Con group were administrated with the same dose of normal saline. The positive drug group (LPS + DM group) was given 0.5 mg/kg dexamethasone. The original drug group (LPS + SBSL group) and fermentation drug group (LPS + FSBSL group) were fed the 8 mg/kg original drug and fermentation flavones. The experiment lasted for seven days. The results showed that the lowest MIC and MBC values of fermented flavones were Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. At 250 g/L, fermented flavones showed moderate sensitivity to Escherichia coli, Shigella, and Staphylococcus aureus. Compared with the LPS group, the mortality of mice in the LPS + FSBSL group was significantly reduced. The liver index in the LPS + SBSL group was extremely higher than that in the LPS + FSBSL group (P<0.01), and the spleen index in the LPS group was extremely higher than that in the Con group (P<0.01). Compared with the LPS group, the serum IL-6 content in the LPS + DM group and LPS + SBSL group was extremely increased (P<0.01). Compared with the LPS + DM group, the serum IL-6 content of mice in the LPS + SBSL group and LPS + FSBSL group was extremely increased (P<0.01). Compared with the Con group, the serum TNF-α content of mice in the LPS group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the LPS group, the content of IL-6 in the lung tissue of mice in the LPS + FSBSL group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the LPS + SBSL group, the content of IL-1β in the lung tissue of mice in the LPS + FSBSL group was significantly increased (P<0.05). The study indicates that fermented flavones from the stem and leaf of Scutellaria baicalensis have a good antibacterial effect on Shigella and Staphylococcus aureus, and the safe dose is 8 mg/kg, which significantly inhibite the mortality of mice infected with LPS, and affects the release of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the serum and lung of mice infected with LPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fermented feed is rich in probiotics, organic acids and other components, which is easy to digest and absorb by animals, and has high nutritional value. The palatability of the fermented feed is good, with a low content of anti-nutrient factors. It can improve the digestibility and utilization rate of animal feed, stabilize the structure of animal intestinal microorganisms, and enhance the immunity of the body. The paper mainly elaborates the concept and action mechanism of the fermented feed, reviews the effects of the fermented feed on the intestinal health, feed utilization rate, feeding cost and animal production performance, analyzes the problems existing in the application of the fermented feed in animal production, and prospects the future application of the fermented feed, in order to provide reference for the efficient utilization of fermented feed in animal breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to compare the effect of different seasonal conditions on growth performance and serum biochemical indices of grazing yaks. Eight healthy yaks with good body condition were selected, which were grazed in the same pasture in warm season and cold season, respectively. The pre-test period lasted for 10 d, the formal test period lasted for 60 d. The results showed that the total weight gain and average daily gain of yaks in warm season group were extremely higher than those in cold season group (P<0.01). Serum albumin and ALT activity in warm season group were significantly higher than those in cold season group (P<0.05). The study indicates that the growth condition of yaks in warm season is obviously better than that in cold season, the digestion, absorption and utilization of protein were better, and the weight gain effect is better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Islanding detection is an important issue in grid-connection of a distributed photovoltaic system. The paper compares complex and real wavelet transforms used in islanding detection. Islanding is judged by extracting and analyzing changes in the amplitude and phase of wavelet transform coefficients of the voltage at common coupling points. Simulation results show that the islanding detection method based on complex wavelet transform is more effective than that based on real wavelet transform. The complex wavelet method also solves the problem of tedious layering of characteristic signal and complicated threshold selection encountered in the real wavelet based method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Setting one-yearold potted Cnnmomum camphora seedlings as the research object, using exponential fertilization method, we detected the first to the fifth order fine roots C, N and P contents, in order to explore the effects of fertilization on C, camphora seedlings, and to provide a theoretical basis for C, camphor fatt growing and efficient use of resources in nurturing process. The results were as follows: (1) C concentrations of the differences orders' fine root were not significant, with the rise of the root order, while C content overall upward trend. Fertilization had no significant effect on the C concentration of fine root(P>0.05); (2) N and P concentrations of fist order roots were the maximum, while fifth order roots were the minimum, with the rise of root orders. N and P concentrations significantly decreased (P <0.05); (3) N significantly increased the N content level of the first to the second fine roots. P fertilizer significantly increased the P content of a root, mix of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer could improve the root uptake of P; (4) C : N : P had a significant difference in different root orders roots; (5) The firs order roots' mean C : N : P was 366 : 16 : 1. the fifth order root 807 : 12 : 1. with increased root order. C ratio of three kinds of elements increased significant ly. while the N : P changed little; (6) Fertilization did not change the proportion of C; however. N fertilizer or mix of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer significantly increased the N proportion of the fist to second order roots. In conclu-sion: The treatment 9 pairs of C. camphor on seedling stage indicators impatt mott significantly. A fertilizer with the nitrogen 4 g.plant-1 . the phosphorus 4 g.plant-1 and the potassium 2 g.plant-1 . would have significant promote growing for growing and development of fine roots in C. camphor seedlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial degradation of lignocellulose is one of the key problems that need to be solved urgently in the process of utilizing biomass resource. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MN-8 is our previously isolated bacterium capable of degrading lignin. To determine the capability of strain MN-8 to degrade lignocellulose of corn straw, B. amyloliquefaciens MN-8 was inoculated and fermented with solid-state corn straw powder-MSM culture medium. The changes in the enzyme activity and degradation products of lignocellulose were monitored in the process of fermentation using the FTIR and GC/MS. The results showed that B. amyloliquefaciens MN-8 could produce lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, cellulase and hemicellulase enzymes. The activities of all these enzymes reached the peak after being incubated for 10-16 days, and the highest enzyme activities were 55.0, 16.7, 45.4 and 60.5 U ⋅ g-1, respectively. After 24 d of incubation, the degradation percentages of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose were up to 42.9%, 40.6% and 27.1%, respectively. The spectro-scopic data by FTIR indicated that the intensities of characteristic absorption peaks of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose of the corn straw were decreased, indicating that the lignocellulose was degraded partly after being fermented by B. amyloliquefaciens MN-8. GC/MS analysis also demonstrated that strain MN-8 could degrade lignocellulose efficiently. It could depolymerize lignin into some monomeric compounds with retention of phenylpropane structure unit, such as amphetamine, benzene acetone and benzene propanoic acids, by the rupture of β-0-4 bond connected between lignin monomer, and it further oxidized some monomer compounds into Ca carbonyl compounds, such as 2-amino-l-benzeneacetone and 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-acetophenone. The GC/MS analysis of the degradation products of cellulose and hemicellulose showed that there were not only monosaccharide compounds, such as glucose, mannose and galactose, but also some glycolysis products including formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, 1, 1 -ethanediol and 3-hydroxy butyric acid. Our results demonstrated that B. amyloliquefaciens MN-8 is capable of degrading lignocelluse of the corn straw effectively and the degradation capacity depends on the lignocellulase activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fertilization is an important way of seedling cultivation. Cinnainomum cainphora is a native and rare broad- leaf species, and seedling cultivation of rare species plays an extremely important role in species protection, breeding, popularizing et al. Fertilization has an important impact on the growth and development of seedlings. This research try to reveal the influences of fertilization on seeding height, ground diameter, biomass and concentration content in different plant organs, through orthogonal design with three factors including N , P, K nutrients at three levels (N, P: 0,3,6 g • pot-1; K: 0,2,4 g • pot-1) to conduct potted C. cam phora seedings with exponential fertilization. The main results were found as follows: (1) Fertilization could significantly promote the growth of seedlings, such as height and ground diameter. The effects of nitrogen was the most significant, followed by potassium fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer; (2) Nitrogen could increase the nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the leaf, stem and root of seedlings. Phosphorus could increase phosphorus content in the leaf, stem and root of seedlings. Potassium could increase potassium content in the leaf, stem and root of seedlings; (3) The seedlings height showed a significant positive relationship with nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the leaves (P<0.05). The ground diameter showed a significant positive relationship with nitrogen content in the stems (P<0.05). The biomass in leaves showed a significant positive relationship with nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the leaves (P<0.05). The biomass in stems showed a significant positive relationship with phosphorus content in the leaves (P<0.05); (4) For one-year-old C. camphora seedlings, the mixed fertilization of 6 g • pot-1 nitrogen, 6 g • pot-1 phosphorus and 4 g • pot-1 potassium were beneficial to the seedlings height, ground diameter and biomass of branches and leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the expression characteristics of HOTAIR and HOTTIP and their downstream HOXD10 and HOXA13 genes in lung cancer, as well as the relationship of mutual regulation. Methods We selected 47 patients with lung cancer and collected their cancer tissue and adjacent normal tissue, then used TRIzol to extract total RNA and real-time quantitative PCR to detect relative gene expression levels. Results HOTAIR and HOXA13 relative expression levels in cancer tissues were significantly lower than in adjacent normal tissues (4.12 ± 4.58) vs (7.43 ± 4.20 P < 0.01, (8.64 ± 1.21) vs (9.43 ± 1.58 P < 0.01), and the other three genes expressions were not significantly changed. HOXD10 mRNA expression levels in the cancer tissue of individuals with lymph node were significantly higher than patients without lymph node (9.01 ± 1.22) vs (7.81 ± 2.15, P = 0.02). There were positive correlation relationships between the expressions of HOTTIP and its downstream gene HOXA13 mRNA in cancer tissue (r = 0.78 P < 0.01) and adjacent normal tissue (r = 0.70 P < 0.01); the HOTAIR and its downstream HOXD10 gene mRNA in adjacent normal tissue were positively related (r = 0.37, P = 0.01), but not correlated in cancer tissues (r = 0.12 P= 0.47). Conclusions The regulation between HOTTIP and HOXA13 is normal in lung cancer. The expression of HOTAIR decreases in cancer tissues, and HOTAIR may lose the normal regulation of downstream genes of HOXD10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A geometrical model for geometrical localization of T²-R multistatic sonar is established. A multistatic time-bearing-localization (MTBL) algorithm is proposed, and the error of geometrical dilution is presented. The effects of baseline length, sonar deployment and measurement error on the localization accuracy of algorithm are studied through numerical simulation, and other indispensable influencing factors are qualitatively analyzed. The simulation results show that the localization accuracy in most regions is improved with the increase in length of baseline. For the given deployment mode, the localization accuracy is sensitive to the time measurement error, but the bearing measurement error has a limited impact on the performance of the algorithm. The proper deployment of sound sources can enhance the mean localization accuracy. The study provides a well theoretical evidence for underwater localization of T²-R multistatic sonar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using sustainable yield index (SYI), this paper analyzed the sustainability of maize, rice, and wheat yields at 20 long-term fertilization experiment sites in China under different fertilization system and ecological conditions. The SYI value of test crops varied significantly with fertilization system, crop kind, effective accumulated temperature, and sunshine hour. Irrespective of fertilization, the SYI value of rice was generally higher than that of maize and wheat. Under long-term no fertilization, the SYI values of rice, wheat, and maize were lower, being 0.55, 0.44, and 0.43, respectively. Fertilization, especially a combined application of NPK and manure, promoted the sustainability of crop yields, with the SYI values of rice, wheat, and maize being 0.66, 0.58, and 0.57, respectively. Under the application of N and NK, the SYI values ranged in 0.36-0.47. SYI value >0.55 represented the better sustainability of crop yields, while SYI<0.45 represented a worse one. Longitude, altitude, and weather factors also affected the SYI values, especially that of maize. Under no fertilization, maize had the largest variation of SYI value, followed by wheat, and rice. Our results indicated that a combined application of chemical fertilizers with manure benefited high and stable yielding, being the optimal fertilization mode for maintaining the sustainability of grain yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field experiments were conducted on three typical farmland soils (loess soil, fluvo-aquic soil, and cinnamon fluvo-aquic soil) in Northern China to study the grain yield, phosphorus agronomic efficiency (PAE), and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) of wheat under effects of long-term fertilizations. Seven treatments were installed, i.e., non-fertilization (CK), nitrogen fertilization (N), nitrogen-potassium fertilization (NK), nitrogen-phosphorus fertilization(NP), nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilization (NPK), NPK plus straw returning (NPKS), and NPK plus manure application (NPKM). The averaged wheat grain yields under long-term P fertilizations (treatments NP, NPK, NPKS, and NPKM)ranged from 2914 kg · hm-2 to 6219 kg · hm-2, being 200%-400% higher than those under no P fertilizations (treatments CK, N, and NK), and no significant differences were observed between the P fertilizations. In the early years of the experiment, the PAE in treatment NPK on the loess soil, fluvo-aquic soil, and cinnamon fluvo-aquic soil was 17.0 kg · kg-1, 20.3 kg · kg-1, and 13.3 kg · kg-1, and the PUE was 15.3%, 31.2%, and 23.8%, respectively. After 15-year fertilization, the PAE and PUE in treatment NPK increased annually by 3.9 kg · kg-1 and 1.3% on loess soil, 2.5 kg · kg-1 and 0.9% on fluvo-aquic soil, and 2.8 kg · kg-1 and 1.0% on cinnamon fluvo-aquic soil, respectively. There were no significant differences in the PAE and PUE among the P treatments for the same soils. In Northern China, long-term P fertilization could increase the wheat grain yield and PUE significantly, and the mean annual increase of PAE and PUE in treatment NPKM was higher on loess soil than on fluvo-aquic soil and cinnamon fluvo-aquic soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of percutaneous coaxial large-channel endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion (PE-LIF) and minimal invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) in the treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis., Methods: The clinical data of 134 patients with single-segment degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis who met the selection criteria between January 2019 and January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 52 cases in PE-LIF group and 82 cases in MIS-TLIF group. There was no significant difference in general data such as gender, age, disease duration, surgical segment, and preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of low back pain and lower extremity pain, and Oswestry disability index (ODI) between the two groups ( P >0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, hospitalization stay, and complications were recorded and compared between the two groups. The level of serum creatine kinase (CK) was recorded at 1 day before operation and at 1 and 3 days after operation to evaluate intraoperative muscle damage. The Brantigan criteria was used to evaluate the interbody fusion in the two groups. The VAS scores of low back pain and lower extremity pain at 1 day before operation and at 3 days, 3 months, and 1 year after operation, and the ODI scores at 1 day before operation and at 3 months and 1 year after operation were recorded and compared between the two groups., Results: There was no significant difference in operation time and hospitalization stay between the two groups ( P >0.05). The intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage in the PE-LIF group were significantly lower than those in the MIS-TLIF group ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in serum CK between the two groups before operation ( P >0.05), and the serum CK in the PE-LIF group at 1 and 3 days after operation were significantly lower than those in the MIS-TLIF group ( P <0.05). All patients were followed up regularly for 1 year. The postoperative VAS scores of low back pain and lower extremity pain and ODI score in both groups were significantly lower than those before operation ( P <0.05); there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P >0.05). At 1 year after operation, 48 patients in PE-LIF group had successful interbody fusion, and 77 patients in MIS-TLIF group had successful interbody fusion. There was no significant difference in the interbody fusion distribution between the two groups at 3 months and 1 year after operation ( P >0.05). There were 2 and 3 cases of lower limb numbness, 1 and 3 cases of neuroedema pain, 1 and 1 case of Cage displacement, 1 and 1 case of pedicle screw loosening in the PE-LIF group and MIS-TLIF group, respectively. No infection or dural sac tearing occurred in the two groups. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (9.6% vs. 9.8%) ( χ 2 =0.001, P =0.979)., Conclusion: In the treatment of single-segment degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis, PE-LIF can achieve similar effectiveness as MIS-TLIF, and PE-LIF has less intraoperative blood loss and less muscle damage.

The high incidence of cardiovascular diseases is a serious threat to human health, and endovascular surgery has become the standard treatment for most interventional cardiovascular diseases. The robotassisted endovascular surgery system further enhances surgeons' ability to perform minimally invasive endovascular procedures in interventional cardiology. This study presents a new robotic technique for coronary intervention from the perspective of clinical application. Aiming at clinical application scenarios, this scheme proposed an intuitive guide wire catheter mechanism design, which accurately and perfectly simulates the doctor's hand movements, realizes the positive and negative direction translation of the guide wire catheter, accurate torque control of the guide wire rotation and locking. The results of animal test showed that the R-One TM has a high degree of dexterity, accuracy and stability,and meets the clinical needs.

Objectives: To study the expression of adipokines in children with primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) before and after treatment and its correlation with blood lipids, as well as the role of adipokines in PNS children with hyperlipidemia., Methods: A total of 90 children who were diagnosed with incipient PNS or recurrence of PNS after corticosteroid withdrawal for more than 6 months were enrolled as subjects. Thirty children who underwent physical examination were enrolled as the control group. Venous blood samples were collected from the children in the control group and the children with PNS before corticosteroid therapy (active stage) and after urinary protein clearance following 4 weeks of corticosteroid therapy (remission stage). ELISA was used to measure the levels of adipokines. An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to measure blood lipid levels., Results: Compared with the control group, the children with PNS had a significantly lower level of omentin-1 in both active and remission stages, and their level of omentin-1 in the active stage was significantly lower than that in the remission stage ( P <0.001). For the children with PNS, the level of chemerin in the active stage was significantly higher than that in the remission stage, and the children with PNS in the active stage had a significantly higher level of chemerin than the control group ( P <0.001). For the children with PNS, atherogenic index of plasma, atherogenic coefficient (AC), castelli risk index-1 (CRI-1), castelli risk index-2 (CRI-2), and non-high-density lipoprotein in the active stage were significantly higher than those in the remission stage ( P <0.001), and these indices in the children with PNS in the active stage were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P <0.001). The children with PNS in the remission stage had significantly higher atherogenic index of plasma, AC, CRI-1, and non-high-density lipoprotein than the control group ( P <0.001). Compared with the control group, the children with PNS in the remission stage had significantly higher serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein B, and apolipoprotein A ( P <0.01). In the children with PNS, the ratio of omentin-1 before and after corticosteroid therapy was positively correlated with that of high-density lipoprotein, 24-hour urinary protein excretion, and high-density lipoprotein/apolipoprotein A before and after treatment, and it was negatively correlated with the ratio of AC and CRI-1 before and after treatment ( P <0.05). The PNS children with low omentin-1 levels in the active stage had significantly higher levels of CRI-1, CRI-2, AC, and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A ratio than those with high omentin-1 levels ( P <0.05)., Conclusions: Omentin-1 may be associated with disease activity, dyslipidemia, and proteinuria in children with PNS. Blood lipid ratios may be more effective than traditional blood lipid parameters in monitoring early cardiovascular risk in children with PNS.

This study was designed to evaluate the role of short-chain fatty acid butyrate acid on intestinal morphology and function, and atherosclerotic plaque formation in apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE -/- ) mice. ApoE -/- mice on high-fat, high-cholesterol diet were treated with butyrate acid (200 mmol/L) or NaCl (control) in the drinking water for 12 weeks, followed by histological evaluations of atherosclerotic lesion in aorta. Real-time PCR analysis and ELISA were used to measure the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Butyrate acid significantly attenuated high-fat, high-cholesterol diet-induced atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE -/- mice. Butyrate acid prevented high-fat, high-cholesterol diet-induced inflammation in both the aorta and the circulation, as evidenced by reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines. These changes were accompanied by a marked attenuation in metabolic endotoxemia lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Butyrate acid induced intestinal expression of the tight junction proteins (Occludin and zona occuldens protein-1), thereby preventing the gut permeability. Butyrate acid dose-dependently upregulated the expression of the tight junction proteins in Caco-2 cells in GPR41-dependent manner. In conclusion, butyrate acid attenuates atherosclerotic lesions by ameliorating metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation through restoration of the gut barrier.

Objective: This work aimed to identify the risk factors of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in preschool children and provide effective measures for the prevention and reduction of the incidence of H. pylori infections., Methods: A total of 204 children from two kindergartens in Suzhou city were recruited through a questionnaire survey. Risk factors were selected through the single factor paired data χ² test and multiple factor Logistic regression analysis. Oral and gastric H. pylori infections were detected by using H. pylori saliva detection (HPS) and ¹³C-urea breath test (¹³C-UBT). Special toothpaste for H. pylori control was selected for oral cleaning. Oral H. pylori infection rates at 2 months after special toothpaste treatment were examined by using HPS., Results: The high-risk factors of H. pylori infections among preschool children included poor personal hygiene habits, such as the nibbling of fingers and the avoidance of hand-washing before meals, diet, and parent's history of stomach disease. Among the 204 subjects enrolled in this study, 158 (77.45%), 37 (18.14%), and 28 (13.73%) were HPS positive, ¹³C-UBT positive, and HPS and ¹³C-UBT positive, respectively. The incidence of oral H. pylori infections was significantly higher than that of gastric H. pylori infections (P<0.01). The positive rate of infections significantly decreased after special toothpaste treatment (P<0.01). This result indicates that the intervention was effective., Conclusions: Children must receive education on good eating habits. Individualized dining habits or the use of public chopsticks must be implemented. H. pylori infections must be detected as early as possible. Specific toothpaste for oral cleaning must be selected. These approaches could drastically prevent or reduce the incidence of H. pylori infections among preschool children.

Objective: To investigate the molecular epidemiological characteristics of norovirus (NoV) among children with acute gastroenteritis in Tianjin in 2017., Methods: A total of 758 stool specimens were collected from the children with acute gastroenteritis possibly caused by viral infection in Tianjin Children's Hospital between January and December, 2017. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used for primary screening of NoV, and conventional RT-PCR was used for gene amplification, sequencing and genotype identification of the VP1 region of capsid protein in positive specimens., Results: Among the 758 specimens, 241 (31.8%) were found to have GII NoV. Sequencing of the VP1 region of capsid protein in positive specimens showed that among the 241 specimens with GII NoV, 69 (28.6%) had GII.4 subtype, 51 (21.2%) had GII.3 subtype, 24 (10.0%) had GII.2 subtype, and 18 (7.5%) had other subtypes. There was a significant difference in NoV detection rate between different age groups (P=0.018), and the 1- <4 years group had the highest NoV detection rate (37.3%). There was also a significant difference in NoV detection rate across seasons (P<0.001), and there was a highest NoV detection rate in winter (48.1%). Twenty-seven children (3.6%) had co-infections with NoV and rotavirus., Conclusions: NoV is one of the major pathogens of the children with acute gastroenteritis from Tianjin in 2017. GII genotype, especially GII.4 subtype, is the prevalent strain. NoV infection is commonly seen in children less than 4 years and reaches the peak in winter. Some children are found to have co-infections with rotavirus.

Objective: This work aimed to compare the effect of retention and preventive caries of the pit and fissure sealant on primary teeth by using glass ionomer cements (GIC) with or without acid etching technique., Methods: In this clinical trail, 100 children aged 3-4 years old with a split-mouth design were equally divided into two groups (the left second upper and lower mandibular primary molars were present in group A, and the right second upper and lower mandibular primary molars were present in group B; each group had 200 molars). All participants were placed in pit and fissure sealant with Ketac® Molar Easymix and seated with atraumatic restorative treatmen press-finger technique in the two groups. Group A was subjected to acid etching (40 s, 35% H₃PO₄), while group B were not subjected to acid etching. GIC preservation rate, caries rate, and decayed teeth (dt) index were observed after 12 months., Results: After a 12-month follow-up period, the completely lost, partially losing, and losing rates of GIC in 86 children (172 second primary molars) were 83.14%, 9.88%, 6.98% in group A and 62.79%, 20.35%, and 16.86% in group B, respectively. The differences between the two groups were insignificant (P<0.05). The caries rates of groups A and B were 8.14% and 16.86%, and their dt indices were 0.08±0.31 and 1.17±0.46, respectively, thereby indicating significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05)., Conclusions: Using acid etching technology, the retention rate of the pit and fissure sealant increased, while its losing rate decreased. The retention effect of the GIC was improved, and the dental caries prevention effect was enhanced. Sealant processing was a self-curing procedure that sets without the external energy. Hence, this procedure is suitable for the preventive caries of primary teeth in children.

Objective: To explore the value of urine gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the screening of children at risk of inherited metabolic diseases (IMD), and to identify the disease spectrum of IMD and the clinical characteristics of children with IMD., Methods: The clinical data of 15 851 children at risk of IMD who underwent urine GC-MS in the Tianjin Children's Hospital between February 2012 and December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed., Results: In the 15 851 children, 5 793 (36.55%) were detected to have metabolic disorders. A total of 117 (0.74%) children were confirmed to have IMD, including 77 cases of methylmalonic acidemia (65.8%). The clinical manifestations of confirmed cases in the neonatal period mainly included jaundice, metabolic acidosis, abnormal muscular tension, feeding difficulty, poor response, and lethargy or coma. The clinical manifestations of confirmed cases in the non-neonatal period mainly included delayed mental and motor development, metabolic acidosis, convulsion, recurrent vomiting, and anemia., Conclusions: GC-MS is an effective method for the screening for IMD in children at risk. Methylmalonic acidemia is the most common IMD. The clinical manifestations of IMD are different between the confirmed cases in the neonatal and non-neonatal periods.

Objective: To investigate the relationship of KI polyomavirus (KIPyV) and WU polyomavirus (WUPyV) with acute respiratory infection in children in Tianjin, China., Methods: A total of 3 730 nasopharyngeal secretions were collected from hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection in Tianjin Children's Hospital from January 2011 to December 2013. Viral nucleic acid was extracted, and virus infection (KIPyV and WUPyV) was determined by PCR. Some KIPyV-positive and WUPyV-positive PCR products were subjected to sequencing. Sequencing results were aligned with the known gene sequences of KIPyV and WUPyV to construct a phylogenetic tree. Amplified VP1 fragments of KIPyV were inserted into the cloning vector (PUCm-T) transformed into E. coli competent cells. Positive clones were identified by PCR and sequencing. The nucleotide sequences were submitted to GenBank. In addition, another seven common respiratory viruses in all samples were detected by direct immunofluorescence assay., Results: In the 3 730 specimens, the KIPyV-positive rate was 12.14% (453/3 730) and the WUPyV-positive rate was 1.69% (63/3 730). The mean infection rate of KIPyV was significantly higher in June and July, while the mean infection rate of WUPyV peaked in February and March. Most of the KIPyV-positive or WUPyV-positive children were <3 years. The co-infections with KIPyV, WUPyV, and other respiratory viruses were observed in the children. The co-infection rate was 2.31% (86/3 730) and there were nine cases of co-infections with WUPyV and KIPyV. Thirty-five KIPyV-positive and twelve WUPyV-positive PCR products were sequenced and the alignment analysis showed that they had high homology with the known sequences (94%-100% vs 95%-100%). The VP1 gene sequences obtained from two KIPyV strains in this study were recorded in GenBank with the accession numbers of KY465925 and KY465926., Conclusions: For some children with acute respiratory infection in Tianjin, China, the acute respiratory infection may be associated with KIPyV and WUPyV infections. KIPyV infection is common in summer, and WUPyV infection in spring. The epidemic strains in Tianjin have a high homology with those in other regions.

Maize is among the most important economic corps in China while moisture content is a critical parameterin the process of storage and breeding. To measure the moisture content in maize kernel, a near-infrared hyperspectral imaging system has been built to acquire reflectance images from maize kernel samples in the spectral region between 1 000 and 2 500 nm. Near-infrared hyperspectral information of full surface and embryo of maize kernel were firstly extracted based on band ratio coupled with a simple thresholding method and the spectra analysis between moisture content in maize kernel and embryo was performed. The characteristic bands were then selected with the help of Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Successive Projection Algorithm (SPA). Finally, these selected variables were used as the inputs to build Partial Least Square (PLS) models for determining the moisture content of maize kernel. In this study, a significant relation, which the spectral reflectance decreases as moisture content increase, between moisture content and spectral of embryo in maize kernel was observed. For the investigated independent test samples, all the proposed regression models, namely CARS-PLS, GA-PLS and SPA-PLS, achieved a good performance by using the information of embryo region. The correlation coefficient (Rp) and Root Mean Squared Error of Prediction (RMSEP) and number of characteristic wavelength for the prediction set were 0.931 2, 0.315 3, 9 and 0.917 6, 0.336 9, 14 and 0.922 7, 0.336 6, 16 for CARS-PLS, GA-PLS and SPA-PLS models, respectively. And, compared with models obtained by full surface spectral information, less characteristic wavelengths is used for development of CARS-PLS, GA-PLS and SPA-PLS models, while similar results were obtained. Comprehensively analyzing to both model accuracy and model complexity, SPA-PLS model by using embryo region information achieved the best result. Wavelengths at 1 197，1 322 and 1 495 nm were applied to extracted the information of embryo region, and the bands at 1 322, 1 342, 1 367, 1 949, 2 070 and 2 496 nm were used to establish the SPA-PLS model. These results demonstrated that near-infrared hyperspectral information from embryo region is more effective for determination of moisture nondestructive in maize kernel.

Non-destructive detection for soluble solids content (SSC) is important to improve watermelon’s internal quality, which attracts more and more attention from consumers. In order to realize the precise detection for SSC of mini watermelon’s whole surface by using Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and reduce the influence of detective position variability on the accuracy of NIR prediction model for SSC, the diffused transmission spectra and soluble solids content were collected from three different detective positions of ‘jingxiu’ watermelon, including the equator, calyx and stem. The prediction models of single detective position and mixed three detective positions for SSC were established with Partial least square (PLS). Successive projections algorithm (SPA) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) were adopted to select effective variables of NIR spectroscopy for SSC of watermelon as well. The results showed that the prediction model of mixed three detective positions was better than the model of single detective position. Meanwhile, 42 characteristic variables of NIR spectroscopy selected with CARS were used to establish PLS prediction model for SSC. The prediction model was simplified significantly and the prediction accuracy for SSC was improved greatly. The correlation coefficient of prediction (RP) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) by CARS-PLS were 0.892, 0.684 °Brix for the equator, 0.905, 0.621 °Brix for the calyx, 0.899, 0.721 °Brix for the stem, respectively. However, the prediction result of SPA-PLS established by 19 characteristic wavelength variables of NIR spectroscopy was bad for the equator, calyx and stem detective positions. The correlation coefficient of prediction (RP) is less than 0.752 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) is relatively high. It was proposed that the PLS prediction model established by mixed three different detective positions with effective characteristic wavelength variables selected by CARS can improve the prediction accuracy for SSC. And the CARS-PLS prediction model can achieve fast and precise detection for SSC of mini watermelon’s whole surface. The influence of detective position variability on the accuracy of NIR prediction model could be reduced simultaneously. This paper could provide theoretical basis for calibrating NIR prediction model for SSC of mini watermelon. It also could provide reference for developing the portable and non-destructive detection equipment for soluble solids content of mini watermelon’s whole surface.

Objective: To observe the effect of Baichanting Compound (BC) on dopamine (DA) in striatum of Parkinson's disease (PD) mice, and to screen the optimal component proportion., Methods: The PD model was established in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced C57BL/6 mice. By using uniform design, they were intervened by three extracts of BC in different proportions [Acanthopanax senticosus extract (X1): white peony root extract (X2): Uncaria rhynchophylla extract (X3) = 30.00: 34.92: 82.50, 48.00: 19.98: 72.19, 18.00: 44.88: 61.88, 36.00: 29.94: 51.56, 54.00: 15.00: 41.25, 24.00: 39.90: 30.94, 42.00: 24.96: 20.63). Equal volume of 5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium was administered to mice in the model group and the normal group by gastrogavage. All medication was lasted for 20 successive days. The dopamine (DA) content was determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Except 10 in the normal group, 20 PD model mice were screened and divided into the model group and the BC group (with the optimal proportion) according to random digit table. BC extract in optimal proportion was administered to mice in the BC group by gastrogavage, while equal volume of 5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium was administered to mice in the model group and the normal group by gastrogavage. All medication was lasted for 20 successive days. Praxiology was observed in each group. DA content in striatum was also detected. Results Compared with the normal group, the DA content in striatum decreased significantly in the model group (P < 0.01), suggesting a successful PD modeling. Compared with the model group, the DA content in striatum increased significantly in 1 and 2 groups (P<0.05). According to results of quadratic polynomial stepwise regression statistics, the regression equation obtained was: Y = 0.265 + 0.026 X 2 - 0.056 X 3 + 0.334 x 10(-3) x X1 x X3 + 0.691 x 10(-3) X X3(2). X3 extract was the main factor influencing the effectiveness (P < 0.01). The optimal proportion of BC was predicted by the regression equation: X1 = 54.00 mg/(kg x d), X2 = 44.88 mg/(kg x d), the X3 = 82.50 mg/(kg x d). The pole climbing time was shortened, times of autonomic activities increased, DA content was elevated, all with statistical difference in BC groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05)., Conclusion: BC could increase DA content in PD model mice with the optimal proportion as 54.00: 44.88: 82.50.

Objective: To detect human bocavirus (HBoV) and investigate its genetic and evolutionary characteristics in children with acute respiratory infection in Tianjin, China., Methods: A total of 1,259 samples of nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from children with a confirmed diagnosis of acute respiratory infection between January and December, 2012. Viral nucleic acid was extracted, HBoV was detected by real-time quantitative PCR, and the gene segments of nucleocapsid protein of HBoV in positive samples were amplified by PCR. Several products were randomly selected and sequenced.The sequence obtained was compared with the known sequence of HBoV, and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. All the samples were examined to detect for other common respiratory tract viruses., Results: Among the 1,259 samples, the positive rate of HBoV was 4.53% (57/1,259), and among the 57 samples with positive HBoV, 75% (43/57) were positive in children with an age of 6-36 months. The positive rate of HBoV in children peaked in summer (from June to August), and there was a mixed infection with other viruses. Sequence analysis was performed for the PCR products from 36 positive samples, and the presence of HBoV was confirmed, with a higher homology to the known sequence of HBoV., Conclusions: In Tianjin, acute respiratory infection in some children may be associated with HBoV infection, which is commonly seen in infants with an age of 6-36 months. The peak of HBoV infection occurs in summer. The phylogenetic analysis shows a high homology to the known sequence of HBoV, with few gene sequence variations.

Microbial degradation of lignocellulose is one of the key problems that need to be solved urgently in the process of utilizing biomass resource. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MN-8 is our previously isolated bacterium capable of degrading lignin. To determine the capability of strain MN-8 to degrade lignocellulose of corn straw, B. amyloliquefaciens MN-8 was inoculated and fermented with solid-state corn straw powder-MSM culture medium. The changes in the enzyme activity and degradation products of lignocellulose were monitored in the process of fermentation using the FTIR and GC/MS. The results showed that B. amyloliquefaciens MN-8 could produce lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, cellulase and hemicellulase enzymes. The activities of all these enzymes reached the peak after being incubated for 10-16 days, and the highest enzyme activities were 55.0, 16.7, 45.4 and 60.5 U · g(-1), respectively. After 24 d of incubation, the degradation percentages of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose were up to 42.9%, 40.6% and 27.1%, respectively. The spectroscopic data by FTIR indicated that the intensities of characteristic absorption peaks of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose of the corn straw were decreased, indicating that the lignocellulose was degraded partly after being fermented by B. amyloliquefaciens MN-8. GC/MS analysis also demonstrated that strain MN-8 could degrade lignocellulose efficiently. It could depolymerize lignin into some monomeric compounds with retention of phenylpropane structure unit, such as amphetamine, benzene acetone and benzene propanoic acids, by the rupture of β-O-4 bond connected between lignin monomer, and it further oxidized some monomer compounds into Cα carbonyl compounds, such as 2-amino-1-benzeneacetone and 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-acetophenone. The GC/MS analysis of the degradation products of cellulose and hemicellulose showed that there were not only monosaccharide compounds, such as glucose, mannose and galactose, but also some glycolysis products including formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, 1,1-ethanediol and 3-hydroxy butyric acid. Our results demonstrated that B. amyloliquefaciens MN-8 is capable of degrading lignocelluse of the corn straw effectively and the degradation capacity depends on the lignocellulase activity.

Peptide cyclization, a pivotal approach to modifying linear precursors of proteins and pepticles, has been used to enhance their biological activities and serum stabilities. Recently, sortase A (SrtA) from Staphyloccus aureus becomes a promising new technology for efficiently incorporating site specific modifications into proteins, conjugating the cell surface and cyclizing the linear peptides. In this study, we constructed two recombinant expression systems, one with chitin binding domain and the other with six-histidine tag and chitin binding domain on the N-terminal of SrtA, separately. The results of enzymatic kinetics indicate that the two recombinant tags do not impair the transpeptidase activity of SrtA compared with the standard reaction reported under the same reaction condition. The two synthesized peptides with N-ternimal three glycines and C-terminal penta-amino acid motif, LPETG, were cyclized using immobilized and recycled SrtA. The SrtA-based cyclization promises to represent a simple method for easy and efficient enzymatic synthesis of large cyclic peptides.

Objective: To observe the impact on lower limbs balance function in treatment of yin-yang meridians acupuncture with respiratory reinforcing and reducing manipulation involved in the patients of stroke by applying B-PHY balance function test training system so as to provide the objective evidence in treatment of stroke; with acupuncture., Methods: One hundred patients were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 50 cases in each one. In the control group, the basic treatment was applied, without other relevant rehabilitation therapies associated. In the observation group, with the basic treatment as the control group's, the therapy of the yin-yang meridians acupuncutre with respiratory reinforcing and reducing manipulation was adopted. On the yin meridians, Zuwuli (LR 10), Xuehai (SP 10), Yinlingquan (SP 9), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and the others were selected and stimulated with reducing manipulation achieved by the coordination of patient's respiration. On the yang meridians, Biguan (ST 31), Liangqiu (ST 34), Yanglingquan (GB 34) and the others were selected and stimulated with reinforcing manipulation achieved by the coordination of patient's respiration. The treatment was given once a day and for 28 days totally. Before treatment and in 28 days of treatment, B-PHY balance function test training system was used to determine the weight shift track parameters (track length, peripheral square, track length of per unit square, left-right offset and rectangle square), the weight shift track distance parameters [mean of X axle weight shift distance (Mean-X), mean of Y axle weight shift distance (Mean-Y), maximum of X axle weight shift distance (Max-X), maximum of Y axle weight shift distance (Max-Y), weight shift distance (LSKG), weight shift square (SSKG), square ratio of weight shift (LFS)], stability coefficient (SI) and weight distribution coefficient (WDI)., Results: After treatment, the differences in the weight shift track parameters, SI and WDI were significant as compared with those before treatment in the patients of the two groups (all P<0.01); while the differences in the weight shift distance parameters in the observation group were improved obviously after treatment as compared with those before treatment (all P<0.01), the differences of Mean-X, Max-Y and LFS in the control group were improved after treatment as compared with those before treatment (all P<0.01). Except SSKG, the improvements after treatment in the rest indices in the observation group were better than those in the control group (all P<0.05)., Conclusion: The yin-yang meridians acupuncture with respiratry reinforcing and re- ducing manipulation effectively improves the lower limbs balance function in the patients of stroke.

In order to detect the soluble solids content(SSC)of apple conveniently and rapidly, a ring fiber probe and a portable spectrometer were applied to obtain the spectroscopy of apple. Different wavelength variable selection methods, including unin- formative variable elimination (UVE), competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) and genetic algorithm (GA) were pro- posed to select effective wavelength variables of the NIR spectroscopy of the SSC in apple based on PLS. The back interval LS- SVM (BiLS-SVM) and GA were used to select effective wavelength variables based on LS-SVM. Selected wavelength variables and full wavelength range were set as input variables of PLS model and LS-SVM model, respectively. The results indicated that PLS model built using GA-CARS on 50 characteristic variables selected from full-spectrum which had 1512 wavelengths achieved the optimal performance. The correlation coefficient (Rp) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) for prediction sets were 0.962, 0.403°Brix respectively for SSC. The proposed method of GA-CARS could effectively simplify the portable detection model of SSC in apple based on near infrared spectroscopy and enhance the predictive precision. The study can provide a reference for the development of portable apple soluble solids content spectrometer.

The quality and safety of fruits and vegetables are the most concerns of consumers. Chemical analytical methods are traditional inspection methods which are time-consuming and labor intensive destructive inspection techniques. With the rapid development of imaging technique and spectral technique, hyperspectral imaging technique has been widely used in the nondestructive inspection of quality and safety of fruits and vegetables. Hyperspectral imaging integrates the advantages of traditional imaging and spectroscopy. It can obtain both spatial and spectral information of inspected objects. Therefore, it can be used in either external quality inspection as traditional imaging system, or internal quality or safety inspection as spectroscopy. In recent years, many research papers about the nondestructive inspection of quality and safety of fruits and vegetables by using hyperspectral imaging have been published, and in order to introduce the principles of nondestructive inspection and track the latest research development of hyperspectral imaging in the nondestructive inspection of quality and safety of fruits and vegetables, this paper reviews the principles, developments and applications of hyperspectral imaging in the external quality, internal quality and safety inspection of fruits and vegetables. Additionally, the basic components, analytical methods, future trends and challenges are also reported or discussed in this paper.

To improve the precision and robustness of the NIR model of the soluble solid content (SSC) on pear. The total number of 160 pears was for the calibration (n=120) and prediction (n=40). Different spectral pretreatment methods, including standard normal variate (SNV) and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) were used before further analysis. A combination of genetic algorithm (GA) and successive projections algorithm (SPA) was proposed to select most effective wavelengths after uninformative variable elimination (UVE) from original spectra, SNV pretreated spectra and MSC pretreated spectra respectively. The selected variables were used as the inputs of least squares-support vector machine (LS-SVM) model to build models for de- termining the SSC of pear. The results indicated that LS-SVM model built using SNVE-UVE-GA-SPA on 30 characteristic wavelengths selected from full-spectrum which had 3112 wavelengths achieved the optimal performance. The correlation coefficient (Rp) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) for prediction sets were 0.956, 0.271 for SSC. The model is reliable and the predicted result is effective. The method can meet the requirement of quick measuring SSC of pear and might be important for the development of portable instruments and online monitoring.

Three cyclotides were isolated from the whole plant of Viola yedoensis in this study. The two, vary peptide E and cycloviolacin Y5, were previously reported, and a novel cycloviolacin VY1 was characterized according to the interpretation of MS/MS fragmentation of peptides which were produced from the reduced and alkylated parent peptide with the digestion of Endo Lys-C, trypsin and chymotrypsin, separately. The stability of remarkable resistance to proteolytic degradation by trypsin and chymotrypsin, and that of thermal denaturation was confirmed again. Besides, the IC50 value of cycloviolacin VY1 against influenza A H1N1 virus was (2.27 +/- 0.20) microg x mL(-1). It is the first cyclotide reported with anti-influenza A H1N1 virus activity in vitro assay.

Objective: To compare efficacy difference among wrist-ankle needle, body-acupuncture and ibuprofen in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea., Methods: Ninety-five cases were randomly divided into a wrist-ankle needle group (32 cases), a body-acupuncture group (31 cases) and an ibuprofen group (32 cases). Acupunc- , ture at Lower 1 and Lower 2 area was applied in the wrist-ankle needle group. Acupuncture at Guanyuan (CV 4) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) were applied in the body-acupuncture group. Ibuprofen sustained-release capsules were given for oral administration in the ibuprofen group. The treatment began 3 days before menses, once a day, until pain was relieved. One menstrual cycle was taken as a treatment course, continuously for 3 courses and efficacy were observed in three groups. The symptom score of dysmenorrhea and visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to assess pain severity before and after treatment., Results: 1The efficacy differences in three groups were statistically significant (P<0.01), in which the total effective rate was 90. 0% (27/30) in the wrist-ankle needle group, 73.4% (22/30) in the body-acupuncture group and 46. 7% (14/30) in the ibuprofen group. 2 After the treatment, symptom score of dysmenorrhea and VAS were all obviously lower than that before the treatment in three groups (all P<0.01). Compared with ibuprofen group (7.12+/-2.70), after the treatment symptom score of dysmenorrhea in the wrist-ankle needle group (4.00+/-3.40) and body-acupuncture group (5. 53+/-2. 80) was obviously decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05), and VAS in the wrist-ankle needle group was significantly reduced (P<0.05). Compared with body-acupuncture group (5. 53+/-2.80), symptom score of dysmenorrhea in the wrist-ankle needle group (4.00+/- 3. 40) was obviously decreased (P<0. 05)., Conclusion: The wrist-ankle needle has better effect than body acupuncture and ibuprofen on the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea, which could significantly improve dysmenorrhea symptoms.

Objective: To explore the operative strategies for bilateral brain contusion and laceration and evaluate their clinical significance., Methods: Based on the clinical manifestations, computed tomography (CT) and intracranial pressure (ICP), different operative strategies were applied to 25 cases of bilateral brain contusion and laceration. The strategies were classified into 6 types according to the principles of decompression and brain protection.All cases received routine treatments at neurosurgical intensive care unit (ICU) ward. And the occurrences of operative complications and 6-month Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) were statistically analyzed., Results: Type 1:4 cases of unilateral decompressive craniectomy without resection of contusion focus; Type 2:8 cases of unilateral decompressive craniectomy with resection of bilateral contusion focus; Type 3:5 cases of bilateral decompressive craniectomy with resection of unilateral brain contusion; Type 4:5 cases of bilateral decompressive craniectomy; Type 5:1 case of bilateral brain contusion resection; Type 6:2 cases of bilateral decompressive craniectomy and brain contusion resection.Postoperative complications such as epilepsy, expanding contusion foci, brain infarction, encephalocele, incisional CSF leakage, intracranial infection, subdural hydroma and hydrocephalus were rare. The 6-month GOS revealed 6 cases of good outcome (n = 6), moderate disability (n = 8), severe disability (n = 3) and vegetative status (n = 5) and death (n = 3)., Conclusion: Different operative strategies may be applied for severe brain contusion and laceration according to their clinical manifestations, CT findings and ICP values. And the efficacies are improved by operative strategies based on the principles of ICP control, prevention of secondary injury and brain function preservation.

Objective: To study the association of FCGR2A gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1801274 with Kawasaki disease (KD) susceptibility and the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy in Han Chinese children., Methods: Thirty-five KD children and 25 age-and gender-matched healthy children (control group) were enrolled in the study. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene sequence analysis were applied to detect SNP of FCGR2A gene rs1801274. These KD patients were classified into two subgroups based on the presence of coronary artery lesion (CAL) following IVIG therapy: CAL (n=13) and non-CAL (n=22)., Results: FCGR2A gene SNP rs1801274 was detected in all subjects, including three genotypes (AA, AG and GG). For FCGR2A gene SNP rs1801274, there were significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies between the KD and control groups (P<0.05), and significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies were also found between the CAL and non-CAL subgroups (P<0.05). A allele and AA genotype were linked to an increased risk of KD susceptibility (A allele: OR=3.39, 95%CI:1.53-7.50; AA genotype: (OR=4.93, 95%CI:1.61-15.1). Both AG (OR=5.43, 95%CI:1.06-27.8) and G allele (OR=4.88, 95%CI:1.44-16.5) were linked to an increased risk of CAL in KD children., Conclusions: Polymorphism of the FCGR2A gene SNP rs1801274 is one of the important factors probably influencing susceptibility to KD and efficacy of IVIG therapy on KD in Han Chinese children.

Objective: To investigate the infection rate and genotypes of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) by examining bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from children with community acquired pneumonia (CAP)., Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for detecting MP in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 220 children hospitalized with CAP, and the accuracy was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Positive samples were digested with HaeⅡ and Hae Ⅲ and compared with standard strain to analyze the genotypes of MP from positive samples. The accuracy of genotyping was confirmed by sequencing the amplified products of some randomly selected positive samples., Results: The positive rate of MP in 220 samples was 55.0% (121/220). MP infection occurred mostly in preschool and school-age children (63.5%, 101/159), and the lowest positive rate was seen in children aged under 6 months (20%, 1/5). The positive rate showed no significant differences between sexes and between seasons. Sixty randomly selected MP-positive samples showed a genotype of P1 type 1 after restriction digestion, which was further confirmed by sequencing of 4 samples., Conclusions: MP is one of the main pathogens of pneumonia in children, and the MP infection rate is significantly correlated with age. The dominant genotype of MP in children is P1 type 1.

Objective: To measure levels of cytokines including IL-1β, IL-12, IL-18 and TNF-α in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and to analyze their correlation with clinical indices such as infection and onset time., Methods: A total of 33 children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes were assigned to the case group, and 27 healthy children to the control group. The case group was further divided into increased white blood cell (WBC) and normal WBC subgroups according to peripheral WBC level. The serum levels of cytokines including IL-1β, IL-12, IL-18 and TNF-α were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Blood pH, blood sugar, blood lactate, fructosamine, peripheral leukocytes and neutrophils and some other clinical indices were also measured., Results: The level of IL-12 in the case group was higher than in the control group (P<0.001). In the case group, the level of IL-18 was negatively correlated with onset time (r=0.413, P=0.015), the neutrophil count was positively correlated with IL-1β level (r=0.413, P=0.023) and the WBC count was positively correlated with IL-18 level (r=0.352, P=0.038). IL-1β, IL-12 and IL-18 levels in the increased WBC subgroup were higher than in the normal WBC subgroup (P<0.05 for all comparisons)., Conclusions: Cytokine secretion disorders of Th1 cells exist in children with type 1 diabetes. Infections may induce cytokine secretion and might contribute to the early onset of diabetes.

The authors measured IR transmission spectra of two different concentrations of Bacillus subtilis spores by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technology. The mass extinction cross section k of Bacillus subtilis spores was calculated according to Lambert-Beer law and the imaginary part n(i) of the complex refractive index was also calculated through k. The real part n(r) of the complex refractive index was derived from the KK (Kramers-Kronig) relationship and the experimental results were also analyzed and discussed with the study of measurement and analysis method of the complex refractive index on Bacillus subtilis spores, it is of great significance to further research the absorption and scattering characteristics, and to broaden the measurement and remote sensing technology method of the biological aerosols.

Objective: To verify the feasibility and safety of new vascular interventional robot system used in vascular interventional procedures., Methods: Vascular interventional robot type-2 (VIR-2) included master-slave parts of body propulsion system, image navigation systems and force feedback system, the catheter movement could achieve under automatic control and navigation, force feedback was integrated real-time, followed by in vitro pre-test in vascular model and cerebral angiography in dog. Surgeon controlled vascular interventional robot remotely, the catheter was inserted into the intended target, the catheter positioning error and the operation time would be evaluated., Results: In vitro pre-test and animal experiment went well; the catheter can enter any branch of vascular. Catheter positioning error was less than 1 mm. The angiography operation in animal was carried out smoothly without complication; the success rate of the operation was 100% and the entire experiment took 26 and 30 minutes, efficiency was slightly improved compared with the VIR-1, and the time what staff exposed to the DSA machine was 0 minute. The resistance of force sensor can be displayed to the operator to provide a security guarantee for the operation. No surgical complications., Conclusions: VIR-2 is safe and feasible, and can achieve the catheter remote operation and angiography; the master-slave system meets the characteristics of traditional procedure. The three-dimensional image can guide the operation more smoothly; force feedback device provides remote real-time haptic information to provide security for the operation.

Aim: To establish quantitative ELISA for soluble sB7-H3 and evaluate its clinical application., Methods: Two mAbs of mouse anti-human sB7-H3(4H7 and 2E6)established by our lab were used. The mAb 4H7 was used as coating antibody and the 2E6 as a sandwich antibody, which recognized a different epitope and was labeled by biotin. The serum sB7-H3 levels of healthy volunteers and patients were measured by this method., Results: Sandwich ELISA was established with the linear range covering from 8.192 ng/L to 2 000 ng/L. The outcomes of repeatability test, recovery test, stability test and specificity test were quite good. The increased levels of sB7-H3 were found in schistosomiasis cirrhosis, the reduced levels in severe hepatitis and the difference in both situations showed significance., Conclusion: A specific and sensitive sandwich ELISA is developed, the detection in liver disease indicates that the ELISA kit provides a potential tool in the clinical application.