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DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.03.015

Background Through the analysis of various imaging and angiography data, including computed tomography angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA), this article aims to understand the relation between pontine infarction and posterior circulation lesions, classify different types of causes of isolated pontine infarction, and compare the clinical characteristics of different classification methods. Methods Eighty-five cases with first-onset isolated pontine infarction were selected. On the basis of imaging examinations, they were divided into the following categories: vertebrobasilar large-artery disease (VLAD); basal artery branch disease (BABD); small artery disease (SAD); type of other reasons and type of uncertain causes. According to Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification standard, all patients were divided into the following categories: large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), small artery occlusion (SAO), cardiac embolism (CE), stroke of other determined etiology (SOE), stroke of undetermined etiology (SUE). Results According to imaging classification, BABD was the most common type, accounting for 50.59% (43/85); SAD accounted for 28.23% (24/85); VLAD accounted for 14.12% (12/85); type of uncertain causes accounted for 7.06% (6/85); type of other reasons was not found. Based on the TOAST classification, SAO was the most common type, accounting for 67.06% (57/85); LAA accounted for 30.59% (26/85); SUE accounted for 2.35% (2/85); CE and SOE were not found. Conclusion Based on the TOAST classification, small artery occlusion is the most common etiology of isolated pontine infarction. It is favorable for formulating specific treatment to make TOAST classification based on a variety of imaging data.

Objective To explore the risk factors for epilepsy associated with ischemic stroke in order to strengthen the early prevention, guide clinical treatment and improve prognosis. Methods One hundred and one patients with epilepsy associated with ischemic stroke within 24 hours and 101 ischemic stroke patients without epilepsy were randomly treated in Tianjin Huanhu Hospital from May 2007 to January 2009. According to the development of seizures they were divided into 2 groups: epilepsy group and stroke group. The score of clinical neurologic function deficiency was assessed according to the Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS) at the time of admission. All the patients accepted computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 48 h after onset. Recorded age, gender, past history which included hypertension, coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, Type Ⅱ diabetes and hyperlipidemia, serum electrolyte (potassium ion, sodium ion and chloridion), disease status (quiet or active), ischemic stroke subtype which included atherosclerotic thrombotic cerebral infarction, cerebral embolism and lacunar infarct, angiorrhea after cerebral infarction, affected lobar or basal ganglia, affected hemisphere (left, right or bilateral), brain atrophy, white matter demyelination and neurological deficit scores. Unconditional multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed for those factors which were significant after univariate analysis. Results The univariate analysis on epilepsy group and stroke group showed that significant differences in ischemic stroke subtype (cerebral embolism), angiorrhea after cerebral infarction, lesion location, especially affected frontal which achieved 48.72%, affected right hemisphere and neurological deficit scores (the SSS) were seen between the two groups (P ≤ 0.05, for all). Age, gender, past history which included hypertension, coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, serum electrolyte (potassium ion, sodium ion and chloridion), disease status (quiet or active), brain atrophy and white matter demyelination presented no significant differences (P > 0.05, for all). In unconditional multivariate Logistic regression analysis, cerebral embolism (OR = 0.152, 95% CI: 0.065-0.496; P = 0.011), angiorrhea after cerebral infarction (OR = 0.105, 95% CI: 0.020-0.549; P = 0.008), lobar cortical location (OR = 0.099, 95%CI:0.044-0.225; P = 0.000) and the SSS < 30 (OR = 0.145, 95%CI: 0.062-0.337; P = 0.000) were the main risk factors for epilepsy associated with ischemic stroke, whereas, affected right hemisphere (OR = 0.638, 95%CI: 0.311-1.308; P = 0.220) may not increase the probability of epilepsy associated with ischemic stroke. Conclusion Ischemic stroke patients who have cerebral embolism, angiorrhea after cerebral infarction, cortical location (especially affected frontal), the SSS < 30 are prone to develop epilepsy associated with ischemic stroke. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2010.02.016

Clinical data of 102 patients with spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage were retrospectively analysed. Sixty⁃six patients were treated by medical therapy (group A), and 36 patients by surgical operation (group B). In group A the therapeutic effective rate was 83.33% (55/66), and mortality was 16.67% (11/66), while in group B was 75.00% (27/36) and 16.67% (6/36) respectively. No significant differences were seen between both groups ( χ 2 = 4.168, P = 0.124). Reasonable treatment for cerebellar hemorrhage should be selected according to the clinical condition changes, the CT image on the site of bleeding and bleeding volume. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.02.025

Background In recent years, studies have demonstrated the use of ultrasound speckle tracking techniques for the early evaluation of subclinical left ventricular (LV) systolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition, long-term exposure to hyperglycemia severely damages the microvascular system. However, the interaction between diabetic microvascular complications and subclinical LV systolic function has not been fully understood. Objective To investigate the relationship between subclinical LV systolic function and diabetic microvascular complications in patients with T2DM. Methods A total of 150 patients with T2DM who were admitted to the Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from June to December 2021 were selected in the cross-sectional study and all underwent conventional echocardiography, pulsed tissue Doppler echocardiography and two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D STE). The 2D global longitudinal strain (GLS) of LV was obtained to assess the subclinical LV systolic function. Diabetic microvascular complications were defined as combined diabetic retinopathy, diabetic kidney disease or peripheral neuropathy. The subjects were divided into the T2DM alone group (T2DM alone group, n=76), the T2DM with 1 complication group〔T2DM+C (1) group, n=37〕 and the T2DM with 2 to 3 complications group〔T2DM+C (2 to 3) group, n=37〕 according to the cumulative number of microvascular complications. The general demographic characteristics and biochemical indices of patients in the three groups were compared. The relationship between microvascular complications and subclinical LV systolic function was assessed by using Spearman correlation analysis and Logistic regression analysis. Results GLS was lower in the T2DM+C (1) and T2DM+C (2 to 3) groups than in the T2DM alone group (P