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Objective Aiming to propose effective methods and specific cases for capacity enhancement, the implementation experiences of capacity improvement renovation projects on existing Shanghai urban rail transit lines are systematically summarized. Method An in-depth analysis of the main reasons and influencing factors behind the insufficient capacity of existing Shanghai urban rail transit lines is conducted. Based on these analyses, the technical approach and five core strategies for capacity enhancement is outlined. Successful cases are introduced, including the achievement of 1-minute 50-second minimum departure interval on Line 9, the capacity enhancement renovation of Line 3 and Line 4, the expansion reconstruction of Line 5 from 4-car to 6-car trains, and the capacity enhancement renovation and double-track addition on Line 6. Result & Conclusion The key factors influencing line capacity include vehicle depot size, interval throughput, depot entry/exit capacity, and power supply capacity. Addressing these factors, a technical approach for capacity enhancement is established, which starts with passenger flow prediction and characteristics analysis, followed by facility and equipment capacity assessment, and train routing scheme design, ultimately leading to the development of scientifically sound renovation plans. Additionally, five major strategies are proposed: optimization of operational management, digging into and upgrading existing system capacity, signaling system upgrades or localized modifications of civil works, large-scale system overhauls, and line network overall optimization.

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