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With the development of society and economy and the acceleration of population aging and urbanization, the prevalence of hypertension in China is gradually increasing, and the growth is more obvious in rural areas. The rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Chinese adults have not reached a satisfactory status despite recent improvements. The number of Chinese people suffering from hypertension is 245 million, and that of those with high normal blood pressure keeps growing, imposing a growing financial burden on residents and society. Hypertension has become a major public health problem, so it is urgent to strengthen the government-led prevention and control of hypertension.

The prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are increasing in Chinese residents due to ever-deepening influence of associated risks caused by socioeconomic factors (such as the acceleration of population aging and urbanization) and lifestyle changes (such as recently emerged unhealthy lifestyle factors) . In 2019, CVD-related death accounted for 46.74% and 44.26% of all deaths occurring in China's rural and urban areas, respectively. Two out of every five deaths were due to CVD. It is estimated that about 330 million individuals suffer from CVD in China, among whom the number of those suffering from stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure, pulmonary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, lower extremity artery disease and hypertension is 13 million, 11.39 million, 8.9 million, 5 million, 4.87 million, 2.5 million, 2 million, 45.3 million and 245 million, respectively. In 2019, the total hospitalization costs were 313.366 billion yuan for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The burden of CVD is continually increasing, especially in rural areas. The mortality of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease consistently exceeded the urban level in recent years due to unequal allocation of healthcare resources, low awareness of such diseases and poor compliance to the treatment. In the meantime, great progresses have been made in CVD prevention and control, such as decreased smoking prevalence, improved hypertension control rate, significantly improved clinical diagnosis, treatment and basic research, and enhanced community-based containment of CVD. Moreover, relevant rehabilitation has been increasingly valued, and the research and development of medical devices are in a rapid stage of progress.

Objective: To assess the predict value of European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation (EuroSCORE) II on early death in patients with severe coronary artery disease undergoing active treatment., Methods: Consecutive 2 240 patients with three-vessel disease ( with or without left main disease) diagnosed by elevtive coronary angiogram between July 2011 and September 2012 were screened for this study, data from 1 892 patients who underwent active treatments (percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting) were analyzed retrospectivly. The predicted 30 days operative mortality calculated with EuroSCORE II was compared with the actual one. The calibration and discrimination of EuroSCORE II were tested with Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2 test and area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve respectively., Results: Age was 61.0 (54.0-68.0) years old and 75.8% (1,435/1,892) were male in this cohort, 58.0% (1,097/1,892) patients received percutaneous coronary intervention and 42.0% (795/1,892) patients received coronary artery bypass grafting. The overall 30 days operative mortality was 0.53% (10/1,892), 30 days operative mortality predicted by EuroSCORE II was 0.85% (95% CI:0. 44%-1.26%). The calibration (χ2 = 3.47 and P > 0.10) and discrimination (area under ROC curve was 0.75) of EuroSCORE II were satisfactory., Conclusion: EuroSCORE II could precisely predict 30 days operative mortality for three-vessel disease patients with or without left main disease undergoing active treatments.