Search

Therapy to halt or slow down the progression of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) is urgently demand. Disease modification therapy can modify the natural history of the disease and show neuroprotective effect in PD. Currently, many potential neuroprotective therapies are emerging. The review aims to summarize the new advances for disease modification therapies in PD including targeting drugs α-synuclein, LRRK2 gene, GBA gene, mitochondrial function, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), neuroinflammation, calcium antagonist and iron chelating agent.

Objective To explore the associated factors for quality of life in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Methods A total of 218 PSP patients were included from January 2012 to December 2019. Demographic and clinical data were collected. The quality of life was evaluated by the 39⁃Item Parkinson's disease Questionnaire (PDQ⁃39). The Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Rating Scale (PSPRS) was used to assess the severity of PSP related motor and non⁃motor symptoms, while the Non⁃Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) was used to elevate the non⁃motor symptoms, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale⁃24 (HAMD⁃24), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), Lille Apathy Rating Scale (LARS), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used. The Pearson and partial correlation followed by the multiple linear regression were used to explore the correlates of the PDQ⁃39 score. Results Correlation analysis indicated that the PDQ⁃39 score was positively correlated with disease duration (r=0.301, P=0.000), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI; r=0.147, P=0.031), levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD; r=0.225, P=0.001), and scores for the PSPRS (r=0.551, P=0.000), NMSS (r=0.484, P=0.000), HAMD⁃24 (r=0.515, P=0.000), HAMA (r=0.439, P=0.000) and LARS (r=0.476, P=0.000), but was negatively correlated with scores of FAB (r=⁃0.325, P=0.000) and MoCA (r=⁃0.355, P=0.000). Multiple linear stepwise regression model indicated that the PDQ⁃39 score was significantly associated with female (P=0.021), longer disease duration (P=0.026), higher LEDD (P=0.008), higher PSPRS score (P=0.000), higher NMSS score (P=0.002), higher HAMD⁃24 score (P=0.004), and higher LARS score (P=0.000). Conclusions Female, longer disease duration, higher LEDD, and more severe motor and non⁃motor symptoms contribute to the reduced quality of life in patients with PSP. Our study is beneficial to the clinical management of patients with PSP.

【Background】 Tidal flat is a natural ecological system with multiple functions for regulating coastal environments. Soil in most tidal flats in China is rich in sodium chloride but is poorly structured, short of organic matter and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, which undermine the ecological services the flats are expected to provide. Remediating tidal flats is therefore imperative to improve their functions, a key in which is to improve soil permeability and aggregation so as to facilitate salt leaching and plant growth. 【Objective】 The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the feasibility of using fungi hyphae as a soil conditioner to improve soil quality and reduce water evaporation. 【Method】 We compared four remediating treatments: reclaiming the coastal soil only (RCS), conventional remediation coupled with freshwater washing and cattle manure application (CVT), CVT plus planting Sesbania cannabina (SES), amending the soil with fungi hyphae (MCMs), MCMs plus planting Sesbania cannabina (MCT). The efficacy of MCMs at improving physical and chemical properties of soil, as well as salt leaching and growth of the S. cannabina was measured and compared with other treatments. 【Result】 Compared to SES, MCMs significantly increased the biomass of S. cannabina (P

In order to provide a high-quality, low-price paste filling material ratio for filling and mining in Shagoucha Coal Mine in northern Shaanxi Province. In this paper, aeolian sand is used as the filling aggregate, and four factors of different (fly ash, cement, aeolian sand) and slurry mass concentration are used as the objects, three levels were taken from each object, and the effect of these levels on the slump, bleeding rate, and compressive strength of the filling material at 7 days and 28 days was studied by means of a repetitive orthogonal experiment. The results showed that: the slurry concentration had the most significant influence on the slump and the bleeding rate, and the other factors had less influence; when the slurry mass concentration of 74% and 76% was selected, the requirements of slump and bleeding rate were met. Through the analysis of range and variance, it is found that the most obvious and most important factor for the compressive strength of the filling body at 7 days and 28 days is the cement content, followed by the amount of fly ash, and then the amount of aeolian sand, but, when the amount of aeolian sand is more than 45%, the compressive strength at different ages is gradually reduced. Finally, the slurry mass concentration has the least influence on the compressive strength. Through comprehensive analysis, the optimal ratio was obtained: the fly ash was 440 kg/m3, the cement was 220 kg/m3, the eoluvial sand was 45%, and the mass concentration was 76%.

Copyright of Economic Science / Jingji Kexue is the property of Economic Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Although dopamine replacement therapy is the golden standard of PD treatment, there are limitations due to drug-related motor complications and loss of long - term efficacy. In the recent two decades, rapid advances in the genetics of PD have made it possible to develop disease - modifying therapies. The development of targeted drugs blocking involved pathogenic pathways has become a hot research area in PD. This review summarizes the recent advances in targeted therapies based on three genetic mutations of SNCA, GBA and LRRK2 for PD and involved pathways to improve clinicians' understanding on the precision treatment in PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the changes of heart rate variability (HRV) after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods Retrieve relevant cohort studies from online databases (January 1, 2000-December 1, 2017) in PubMed, EMBASE/SCOPUS, Cochrane Online Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data and VIP database with key words: subthalamic nucleus, deep brain stimulation, DBS, STN, electrical stimulation, Parkinson disease, heart rate variability. Low-frequency power (LF), high-frequency power (HF) and LF/HF of HRV were applied as evaluation indexes. Quality of studies was evaluated by using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). All data were pooled by RevMan 5.3 software for Meta-analysis. Results We enrolled 28 English articles, from which 6 studies with NOS score 7 were chosen after excluding duplicates and those not meeting the inclusion criteria. A total of 101 PD patients undergoing STN-DBS were included. Meta-analysis showed that there were no significant differences in the LF of HRV (SMD = 0.050, 95% CI: - 0.230-0.330; P = 0.740), HF of HRV (SMD = 0.160, 95% CI: - 0.120-0.430; P = 0.270), and LF/HF of HRV (SMD = 0.110, 95% CI: -0.220-0.440; P = 0.500) in patients with PD before and after the treatment of STN-DBS. Conclusions STN-DBS does not change HRV of patients with PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disease, is very common in middle aged and older people. There are two kinds of symptoms: motor symptoms and non - motor symptoms (NMS). Pain, a commonly reported NMS of PD, can significantly affect the quality of life, thus causing more attention. However, mechanisms of pain in PD is not clear, and need to be further researched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) light sources are preferred for physiologically-friendly illumination due to their low suppression of melatonin secretion, and high power efficiency is important in energy-saving applications, too. We fabricated low-CCT white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) from three and four basic phosphors by spin coating method using a single emission layer. The best device fabricated shows a CT less than 2 500 K and CRI of 83 in a brightness of about 100-10 000 cd/m³. Moreover, these devices exhibit a current efficiency of 13. 4 cd/A at 100 cd/m³ or 17. 8 cd/A at 1 000 cd/m³, which is comparable with incandescent bulbs. The high performance, solution processable and physiologically-friendly OLED can be an ideal candidate for a light source designed to safeguard human health, especially at night. Keywords: white light illumination; low color temperature; OLED; solution process; phosphorescence [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the proliferation of hippocampal neurons and Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling pathways in depression like behavior rats, so as to explore its mechanism underlying improvement of depression., Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into blank, model, medication and EA groups, with 12 rats in each group. The depression model was established by chronic unpredictable mild stimulation combined with solitary raising for 35 consecutive days. After 14 days modeling, EA was applied to "Baihui"(GV20) and "Taichong"(LR3) for 15 min once daily for 3 weeks. For rats of the medication group, clomipramine (2.5 mg/kg) was given (i.p.) once a day for 3 weeks. The depression-like behavior was evaluated by open field test and forced swimming test. The ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The positive expression of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine/neuron-specific nucleoprotein (BrdU/NeuN) in hippocampal dentate gyrus of rats was detected by immunofluorescence double labeling method. Western blot was used to detect the relative expression of Wnt/β-catenin and Notch pathway key proteins β-catenin, G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 (Cyclin D1), NICD and Hes1 in hippocampus of rats., Results: Compared with the blank group, the total distance and average speed of open field movement were decreased ( P <0.01), and the immobility time of forced swimming was increased ( P <0.01). The positive expression of BrdU/NeuN in hippocampal dentate gyrus was decreased ( P <0.01). The relative expression of β-catenin and Cyclin D1 protein in hippocampus were decreased ( P <0.01), while the relative expression of NICD and Hes1 protein increased ( P <0.01) in the model group. Following the treatment and compared with the model group, the total distance and average speed of movement in the open field were increased ( P <0.05), and the immobility time of forced swimming was decreased ( P <0.05) in both medication and EA groups. The positive expression of BrdU/NeuN in hippocampal dentate gyrus was increased ( P <0.01). The relative expression of β-catenin and Cyclin D1 protein in hippocampus were increased ( P <0.01), while the relative expression of NICD and Hes1 protein were decreased ( P <0.01, P <0.05) in both medication and EA groups. TEM microscope observation showed irregularity of hippocampal neurons, rupture of nuclear membranes, disruption of mitochondrial structure, and dilation of endoplasmic reticulum in the model group, which was relatively milder in both medication and EA groups., Conclusions: EA can improve the depressive state of depression model rats, which may be associated with its functions in regulating Wnt and Notch signaling pathways, thereby promoting the regeneration of hippocampal neurons.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with moxibustion on allergic rhinitis., Methods: Using the random number table, 80 patients with allergic rhinitis were divided into a medication group and an acupuncture combined with moxibustion (acu-mox) group, 40 cases in each one. In the medication group, ioratadine tables were prescribed for oral administration, one tablet daily for 10 days as 1 session , 3 sessions of treatment were required. In the acupuncture combined with moxibustion group, bilateral Yingxiang (LI20), Yintang (EX-HN3), bilateral Hegu (LI4) and bilateral Shenshu (BL23) were selected as the main points and stimulated with acupuncture and moxibustion; and the acupoint prescription was modified according to symptoms. This combined treatment was given once every day, stimulating for 30 min each time, and 10 treatments made 1 course, for 3 courses of treatment totally. Before and after treatment, the scores for symptoms and physical signs, as well as the score of rhino-conjunctivitis related quality of life scale (R-QOL) were evaluated separately. The sample of the inferior turbinate mucosa tissue was collected and the distribution of eosinophil (EOS) was scored using HE staining and Sheldeny evaluation. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the contents of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), retinoic-acid-receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor γt (RORγt), forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3), interleukin-17 (IL-17), IL-27 and IL-33 were determined. The clinical efficacy was evaluated in the patients with allergic rhinitis of two groups and all the adverse reactions were recorded during treatment., Results: The scores of symptoms and physical signs as well as the score of R-QOL, and EOS distribution score and the contents of serum IgE, RORγt, IL-17 and IL-33 were all reduced as compared with those before treatment in each group ( P <0.05), and the contents of serum Foxp3 and IL-27 were increased as compared with those before treatment in each group ( P <0.05). After treatment, the scores of symptoms and physical signs as well as the score of R-QOL, and the contents of serum IgE, RORγt and IL-33 in the acu-mox group were lower than those in the medication group ( P <0.05), and the contents of serum Foxp3 and IL-27 were higher than those of the medication group ( P <0.05). The total effective rate of the acu-mox group was 100.0% (40/40), significantly higher than 82.5% (33/40) in the medication group ( P <0.05). No ob-vious adverse reaction was found in either group during and after treatment., Conclusion: Acupuncture combined with moxibustion is significantly effective and safe in treatment of allergic rhinitis. Its effect mechanism may be related to the balance modulation of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells mediated by naive CD4 + T cells.

This study introduces the establishment and the situation before and after the reorganization of Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH). Meanwhile, it sorted out the important changes in this reorganization of CDRH. CDRH optimizes regulatory decisions by integrating pre-marketing and post-marketing professionals for the total product lifecycle of medical devices, based on product line guidelines. Taking the sutatus of Chinese medical device supervision into consideration, this study put forward some thoughts on scientific supervision.

Objective: To understand the status of knowledge awareness rates and influencing factors of clonorchiasis among the residents in 4 counties (cities) of Hunan Province, so as to provide the references for formulating the prevention and control strategy of clonorchiasis in the province., Methods: A total of 1 224 subjects were selected by the multi-stage cluster sampling method and investigated with questionnaires and face-to-face interviews., Results: The clonorchiasis knowledge awareness rates of the residents were 15.67% in Yongzhou City, 9.94% in Yueyang City, 13.25% in Wangcheng County, and 21.96% in Tongdao County, respectively. In the whole province, the clonorchiasis knowledge awareness rates of the residents were 44.67%, 56.43%, 60.95%, and 42.46% in the etiology, clinical manifestations, epidemiological characteristics and daily prevention, respectively. The logistic regression showed that the influencing factors of clonorchiasis knowledge awareness rates were the daily dining place, whether or not having the medical personnel in the family, the degree of attention to the relevant news reports, and the history of parasitic diseases., Conclusions: The level of clonorchiasis than that in other areas, but the overall level of clonorchiasis knowledge awareness of the residents in Hunan Province is not high. Therefore, the relevant authority should strengthen the health education in clonorchiasis prevention knowledge including personal daily food hygienic knowledge. knowledge awareness rate of the residents in the west-southern areas of Hunan Province is higher.

High sensitivity measurements of inertia and magnetic field could be achieved by utilizing a category of devices, which manipulate the atomic spins in the spin-exchange-relaxation-free regime. The alkali cell which contains the alkali metal vapor is used to sense magnetic field and inertia. The atomic number density of alkali vapor and the polarization of alkali metal vapor are two of the most important parameters of the cell. They play an important role in the research on atomic spins in the spin-exchange-relaxation-free regime. Besides, optical polarization plays an important role in quantum computing and atomic physics. We propose a measurement of alkali vapor polarization and alkali number density by detecting the optical rotation in one system. This method simplifies existing experimental equipment and processes. A constant bias magnetic field is applied and the Faraday rotation angle is detected by a bunch of the probe beam to deduce alkali-metal density. Then the magnetic field is closed and a bunch of the pump laser is utilized to polarize alkali-metal. Again, the probe beam is utilized to obtain the polarization of alkali metal. The alkali density obtained at first is used to deduce the polarization. This paper applies a numerical method to analyze the Faraday rotation and the polarization rotation. According to the numerical method, the optimal wavelength for the experiment is given. Finally, the fluctuation of magnetic field and wavelength on signal analysis are analyzed.

Particles from cooking lampblack, biomass and plastics burning smoke, gasoline vehicular exhausts and gasoline generator exhausts were prepared in a resuspension test chamber and collected using a cascade MOUDI impactor. A total of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with particles were analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that there were two peaks in the range of 0.44-1.0 microm and 2.5-10 microm for cooking lampblack, and only one peak in the range of 0.44-1.0 microm for straw and wood burning smoke. But there were no clear peak for plastics burning smoke. The peak for gasoline vehicular exhausts was found in the range of 2.5-10 microm due to the influence of water vapor associated with particles, while the particles from gasoline generator exhausts were mainly in the range of < or = 2.5 microm (accounting for 93% of the total mass). The peak in 2.5-10 microm was clear for cooking lampblack and gasoline vehicular exhausts. The peak in the range of 0.44-1.0 microm became more and more apparent with the increase of PAHs molecular weight. The fraction of PAH on particles less than 1.0 microm to that on the total particles increased along with PAH's molecular weight. Phenanthrene was the dominant compound for cooking lampblack and combustion smoke, while gasoline vehicular exhausts and generator exhausts were characterized with significantly high levels of naphthalene and benzo[g, h, i] perylene, respectively. The distribution of source characteristic ratios indicated that PAHs from cooking lampblack and biomass burning were close and they were different from those of vehicular exhausts and generator exhausts.

Objective: To examine the change of Na(+)-K+ ATPase activity and the expressions of Na(+)-K+ ATPase alpha1 mRNA in lung tissues of rats poisoned by nickel carbonyl and to discuss the mechanism of lung injury., Methods: One hundred seventy healthy rats (85 male and 85 female) were exposed by inhalation of 20,135 and 250 mg/m3 nickel carbonyl for 30 min. Rats poisoned by chlorine gas with a concentration 250 mg/m3 served as positive group and healthy SD rats served as no-treatment negative group. The rats were euthanized on 1, 2, 3 and 7 d after the administration of nickel carbonyl or chlorine gas. In various treatment groups, Na(+)-K+ ATPase activity was studied by colorimetric method and the expressions of Na(+)-K+ ATPase alpha1 mRNA were determined by RT-PCR., Results: Na(+)-K+ ATPase activity and expressions of Na(+)-K+ ATPase alpha1 mRNA in lung tissues decreased in all treatment groups and chlorine gas-poisoned group, especially it was obvious decreased on the 2ed and 3rd day (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Nickel carbonyl could induce lung damage and decrease Na(+)-K+ ATPase activity and expressions of Na(+)-K+ ATPase alpha1 mRNA in lung.

Bacillus thuringiensis serovar. finitimus strain YBT-020 is a typical strain with the spore-crystal association (SCA) phenotype. In our previous studies, plasmid curing experiment suggested that native plasmid pBMB28 of strain YBT-020 might contribute to the SCA phenotype. Thus, plasmid pBMB28 was cloned in order to isolate the genes related to SCA on pBMB28. Using shuttle vector pEMB0557, a shuttle genomic bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of B. thuringiensis strain YBT-020 was constructed. The plasmid pBMB231 containing crystal protein gene cry28Aa, which was located on plasmid pBMB28, was screened out. By SDS-PAGE analysis and microscopic observation, we discovered the recombinant strain BMB231 that originated from the electrotransfer strain BMB171 with pBMB231 could produce Cry28Aa protein. With the chromosome walking strategy and terminal sequencing of pBMB231, four clones covering the full length of plasmid pBMB28 were screened out from this BAC library. With pulsed gel analysis of the four BAC clones and terminal sequencing, the size of the plasmid was calculated to be 140 kb. This study additionally revealed that we could clone a large plasmid from B. thuringiensis by genomic BAC library construction and overlaping fragment screening.

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, pathological and biological behaviors of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) originated from oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)., Methods: A total of 528 patients with OSCC treated at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from 2002 to 2010 were divided into two groups, OSCC originated from OSF and OSCC not originated from OSF. The clinical data regarding age, gender, location, pathological type, metastasis and recurrence rate of these patients were analyzed retrospectively., Results: The mean age of the group of OSCC originated from OSF (45.8 years) was younger than that of the group of OSCC not originated from OSF (55.9 years). The male female ratio of the group of OSCC originated from OSF (32.3:1) was higher than that of the group of OSCC not originated from OSF (2.3:1). The metastasis and recurrence rate of the group of OSCC originated from OSF (13.5%, 39.1%) was higher than that of the group of OSCC not originated from OSF (7.6%, 27.8%.)., Conclusions: OSCC originated from OSF occurs at younger age and more in male, and is clinically more invasive and metastatic.

Objective: Collagenous gastritis is a rare entity, characterized by the deposition of a subepithelial collagen band with an inflammatory infiltrate in the mucosa. This report describes the first case of collagenous gastritis occurring in a young Chinese woman and reviews the literatures., Methods: The patient underwent the gastroscopy screening, and the biopsy specimens were treated with HE staining, Masson staining, Congo red staining and Warthin-Starry staining.Patients' clinical data was discussed and followed up., Results: A twenty-year-old girl had intermittent epigastric pain for 4 years, abdominal distention, hiccup and weight loss for two months. The gastric endoscopy revealed diffuse white nodular appearance of the mucosa in angular incisura and antrum. Pathologic examination of the gastric biopsies from the antrum and angular showed a subepithelial collagen deposition with moderate infiltrates of lymph plasma cells and eosinophils of the lamina propria. The collagen band measured up to 120.3 µm (mean 43.8 µm). Prednisone 20 mg/d for 4 weeks led to clinical remission and weight gain., Conclusion: There are about 40 cases in literatures to date, and the cause and pathogenesis of collagenous gastritis remain unknown. According to the clinical and pathological characteristics, the patient in this article is the subtype of collagenous gastritis that occurring in children and young adults. Specific therapy has not been established, the gluten-free diet and glucocorticosteroid may be helpful to relieve symptoms in collagenous gastritis patients.

SBR reactors were used to investigate the N2O emission in shortcut nitrification and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND). Shortcut nitrification with nitrosation rate above 90% was realized by real-time control strategy. The N2O emission and variation of nitrosation rate were investigated under 4 DO levels (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mg/L). The results turned out that the optimal DO to maintain high nitrosation rate and minimum N2O emission was 1.5 mg/L and the N4O emission was 0.06 g per ammonium removed. The SBR filled with carbon fiber performed under low DO and pulse feeding. The SND rate was over 79% during the experiment. The N2O emission was studied under DO 0.2, 0.4, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/L. It turned out that the optimal DO was 1.0 mg/L and the N2O emission was 0.021 g per ammonium removed. Compared to the shortcut nitrification, the N2O emission of SND was 1/3 of the short-cut nitrification under optimal DO.

The experiment investigated the nitrous oxide production under different C/N ratios during denitrification, taking nitrate and nitrite as electron acceptor respectively. Ethanol was selected as carbon source. The C/N ratios were 0, 1.2, 2.4, 3.5, 5.0 and 20 when nitrate was taken as electron acceptor and C/N ratios 0, 1.8, 2.4, 3.0, 4.3, 5.2, 6.6, 20.6 when electron acceptor was nitrite. The results indicated that: the optimum C/N ratio was 3.0 taking nitrite as electron acceptor and the N2O production was 0.044 mg x L(-1); the optimum C/N ratio was 5.0 taking nitrate as electron acceptor and the N2O production was 0.135 mg x L(-1) which was 3 times higher than that of nitrite as electron acceptor. Though the electron acceptor changed, the trend of N2O production was similar: when carbon source was badly insufficient, the production of N2O and denitrification rate were both quite small; the N2O production increased with the increasing of the quantity of carbon source; when the carbon source was excessive, the N2O production sharply raised. Consequently, compared to complete nitrification and denitrification, short-cut nitrification and denitrification could save 40% carbon source. Moreover, controlling C/N = 3 could reduce the production of N2O in short-cut nitrification.

The experiment investigated the production and conversion rate of N2O during nitrification using saline sewage and municipal wastewater. Different kinds of sludge were used, domesticated by saline sewage influent (salinity 7.5 g/L) and municipal wastewater (salinity 0.1 g/L), respectively. The results showed that the production of N2O using saline sewage was 2.85 times higher than that using municipal wastewater. The production and conversion rate of N2O during nitrification under different salinities were also investigated. The results showed that the production of N2O was almost the same when salinity decreased from 7.5 g/L to 5.0 g/L, even 2.5 g/L. However, specific ammonia oxidation rate was increased with the decrease of salinity. The sudden increase of salinity, from 7.5 g/L to 10 g/L, resulted in the increase of N2O production and conversion rate but decrease of specific ammonia oxidation rate. Consequently, It is important to avoid the severe fluctuation of salinity resulted in the increase of N2O production and conversion rate.

Objective: To determine the expression of Cyclin B1, p34(cdc2) and the phosphorylation of survivin (p-survivin) in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral submucosa fibrosis (OSF), and to discuss their possible role in carcinogenesis of OSF., Methods: The expression of Cyclin B1, p34(cdc2) and p-survivin were analyzed by Western blotting assay in 10 cases of normal oral mucosa epithelium, 40 cases of OSF epithelium and 42 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) originated from OSF, respectively. Immunoprecipitation was used to confirm the relationship between the p34(cdc2) and survivin., Results: The expression of Cyclin B1, p34(cdc2), p-p34(cdc2) and p-survivin in OSF group were significantly higher than those in normal group (P < 0.05). The expression of these molecules showed significant different (P < 0.05) between the OSF and OSCC originated from OSF, but there was no significant difference among the early stage, the moderately advanced stage and the advanced stage of OSF. Immunoprecipitation assay confirmed the combination of p34(cdc2) and survivin., Conclusions: The important molecules in G(2)/M phase-Cyclin B1, p34(cdc2) and p-survivin may play a key role during the mitosis and proliferation of OSF, which will be helpful in early diagnosis and therapy of carcinogenesis of OSF.

Objective: To determine the effect of activation of specific anti-tumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and the ability of cross-presentation in vitro by fusion of HLA-A2+ human dendritic cells (DCs) with HLA-A2- melanoma cells., Methods: The HLA-A2+ human dendritic cells and HLA-A2- melanoma cells were fused by PEG and were cultivated in complete RPMI1640 media containing FCS (10%) and GM-CSF for 24-48 h, and then co-cultured fusion cells with Melan-A specific T cells. HLA-A2- melanoma cells were negative control,While T2 cells and DC+Pts were positive control. The activation of anti-tumor CTL elicited by the fusion cells was detected by intracellular cytokine staining., Results: The immature DC could express CD80, CD83, CD86, HLA-DR, and HLA-ABC,but the mature DC induced by TNF-alpha, PGE-2, and CD40L further highly expressed above molecules. The rate of specific CTL cells primed by the fusion cells was 16.72%+/-4.26%, negative control was 0.21%+/-1.84%,and positive control was 28.60%+/-5.67%. The CTL from vaccine by fusing DC and LAR6 induced lysis of HLA-A2+ LAR1 cells., Conclusion: The HLA-A2 restricted specific anti-tumor CTL can be induced in vitro by fusion of HLA-A2+ human dendritic cells with HLA-A2- melanoma cells.

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by developmental abnormalities and tumorigenesis. In this paper, a case of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome family was reported, and its incidence, pathogenesis, clinical features and methods of treatment were discussed by reviewing relevant literatures.

Objective: To study the effect of Oncomelania hupensis hupensis of niclosamide, and exploring the main influencing factors., Methods: The samples of Oncomelania hupensis hupensis were collected from 37 sampling sites in 33 counties of 10 provinces by means of stratified random sampling methods in accordance with the categories of Oncomelania hupensis hupensis habitats. Samples were randomly located into study group and control group. Oncomelania hupensis hupensis of the study group was marinated in different concentration liquor of niclosamide which was confected with water for 24 hours or 48 hours, then LC50 of niclosamide by which Oncomelania hupensis hupensis was killed and amount calculated. The influencing factors of the mortality of Oncomelania hupensis hupensis in the study group was statistically analyzed by 2 test and by multiple logistic regression using SPSS 13.0 statistical software., Results: The mortality of Oncomelania hupensis hupensis of the two test groups which were marinated in 0.5 mg/L liquor for 48 hours and 1.0 mg/L liquor for 24 hours was 100%. The effect of Oncomelania hupensis hupensis killed by niclosamide was markedly reduced along with the reduction of drug concentration. The average LC50 rates of niclosamide liquor by which Oncomelania hupensis hupensis killed for the 24 hours and 48 hours in the study group, were 0.0939 mg/L and 0.0625 mg/L, respectively. There was significant difference between the two test groups (chi(2) = 5.001, P <0.01) . In determinate range of concentration, the mortality of Oncomelania hupensis hupensis showed significant difference among the geographic types of habitat ( chi(2) = 4.264, P < 0.05). By means of multiple logistic regression using SPSS 13.0 statistical software, the estimate value of coefficient of regression on the influence factors, drug concentration, test time and the geographic types of habitat were 2. 047 ( OR = 5. 573), 0.263 ( OR = 2.924) and 0. 187- 0.210 ( OR = 1.969- 2. 560), respectively., Conclusion: Niclosamide could kill Oncomelania hupensis hupensis effectively. The main influencing factors on the efficacy of niclosamide by which Oncomelania hupensis hupensis was killed, appeared to be drug concentration, time of testing and the geographic types of habitat.

Objective: To identify the genetic variants of angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene in a Chinese population and to determine whether the ACE2 gene polymorphisms are associated with essential hypertension (EH)., Methods: Seven hundred and forty-five patients with EH and 362 normal blood pressure controls were included in the study to assess the contribution of polymorphism of ACE2 gene. Direct DNA sequencing was performed to detect the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 20 subjects who were randomly selected from the EH patients., Results: One SNP named G8790A located in the 4th base of the third intron was found in the 20 patients. The genotyping data indicate that the A allele frequency in male EH patients complicated with cardiac incompetence(55%) is significantly different from that in the control group(43.3%)(P<0.01). The A allele frequency in female patients with cardiac incompetence (56.1%) is higher than that in the controls (50.5%), but the difference does not reach statistical significance., Conclusion: The G8790A polymorphism may be related to the essential hypertension with cardiac incompetence in Chinese population. Additional investigation will be need to confirm the association.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of four different operative patterns of laparoscopic hysterectomy: laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH), laparoscopically introfasial subtotal hysterectomy (LISH), laparoscopically subtotal hysterectomy (LSH) and laparoscopically total hysterectomy (LTH)., Methods: A retrospective analysis on 2272 cases of laparoscopic hysterectomy was carried out, including operating time, blood loss, complication and postoperative recovery., Results: For the two groups which preserved cervix, LISH was performed in 1323 cases. The operating time was (91 +/- 21) min, blood loss (93 +/- 23) ml, complication rate 4.1%. LSH was conducted in 229 cases, with an operating time (70 +/- 18) min, blood loss (69 +/- 17) ml, complication rate 0. The difference between the two groups was significant (all P < 0.01). For the two groups which excised cervix, LAVH was performed in 588 cases, with an operating time (119 +/- 28) min, blood loss (156 +/- 23) ml, complication rate 1.5%; while LTH was carried out in 132 cases, with an operating time (121 +/- 30) min, blood loss (193 +/- 38) ml, complication rate 1.2%. There were no significant differences between the two groups (all P > 0.05). All patients recovered well postoperatively., Conclusions: The four operative patterns are ideal for hysterectomy. Young patients should be operated with laparoscopic hysterectomy with preservation of cervix, old patients or patients with CIN should be operated with excision of cervix.

Objective: To establish a melanoma cell line and identify its characteristics in vitro., Methods: The tissues from biopsies of melanoma were performed primary culture. After growing to 90% confluence, the cells were detached and transferred to another flask for subculture, and then we identified their characteristics including growth kinetic, morphology and tumorigenecity., Results: This cell line was cultivated for more than 90 times. Its characteristics were as follows:The pathological morphology of the tumor transplanted in nude mice were similar to that of the original lesion;The growth curves of the 20th passage were determined, and the population doubling time calculated was 56.9 h; The cloning efficiency in soft agar was 19.1%; Karyo-type analysis showed aneuploidy with the modal chromosomal number 85-102; Electronmicroscopical observation showed that there were rich microvilli on the surface of the cells, abundant ribosomes and melanoid grain; SP immunohistochemical staining showed that the cells expressed HMB-45., Conclusion: The Melanoma cells were immortalized after being cultured in vitro and a new melanoma cell line was established.

Objective: This research sought to disclose the regulatory effect of Coriaria lactone (CL) on the Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel in hippocampal pyrimidal neurons of Wistar rats in epileptogenesis., Methods: Cell-attached and inside-out methods of patch clamp technique were used to record the activity of single channel. The sample data were stored in a computer and analyzed by the application of Pclamp softwares., Results: 1. By means of inside-out method, the KCa channels (120.34 +/- 25.12) pS on the membrane of hippocampal pyrimidal neurons showed a distinct dependence on calcium concentration (n = 6) and on voltage (n = 17), and the channels could be blocked by TEA. 2. With the use of cell-attached method, the KCa channels could be activated by CL apparently (n = 25, P < 0.01). 3. In the conditions where the neuronal membranous voltage was kept at 20 mV and the [Ca2+]i at 10(-8) mol/L in bath solution, the CL at concentrations from 0 microliter/ml to 1.0 microliter/ml could make the open state probability of KCa to increase from 0.025 to 0.553 (P < 0.01), the mean opening time (ms) to prolong from 1.875 +/- 0.412 to 6.829 +/- 0.136, and the mean closing time (ms) to decrease from 179.342 +/- 13.831 to 6.412 +/- 1.383 (n = 25, P < 0.01)., Conclusion: The membranous KCa activation induced by CL may play an important negative feedback regulating role in the mechanism of epileptogenesis.