Search

Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to illustrate the perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctane acid (PFOA) levels in serum of non-occupational exposure human from Shenyang and Chongqing areas and to compare the distributing character and region difference of PFOS and PFOA in those two region human., Methods: Sera samples of non-occupational human from Shenyang and Chongqing areas were collected, and the concentration of PFOS and PFOA in serum were measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Selective Detector (HPLC/MS-MIS)., Results: The average Shenyang and Chongqing fluorochemical concentrations, respectively, were as follows: PFOS, 22.40 microg/L vs 7.40 microg/L, PFOA, 4.32 microg/L vs 1.00 microg/L. Statistical analysis indicated that serum concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in Shenyang human than in Chongqing human. Furthermore, there are sex differences in PFOS and PFOA concentrations in serum at all location. In Shenyang the concentration of PFOS in females were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in males. The correlations of PFOS (r = 0.298) and PFOA (r = 0.271) with age were significant in females from Chongqing area, and especially the correlations were higher in older females (age t 50) than the groups of age < 13 and 13 - 50 years old., Conclusion: This finding suggests that there are predominant regional differences and distributing character for both PFOS and PFOA concentrations in Shenyang and Chongqing areas, and the concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in serum were correlated with age and sex.

Surname in China, as a cultural genetic factor, is a very huge and remarkable human population study resource. The transmission feature of surname has been proved to be similar to that of the genetic markers on Y chromosome of males. It, therefore, has been applied in the population genetic studies since 1965's. In the present study, we have analyzed a group of Chinese surname data of the Song dynasty (AD. 960-1179). The distribution of the present surname data is corresponded with the Karlin-McGregor's neutral allele model. The surname abundance alpha and the migration rate parameter v in the Song dynasty in 16 provincial regions reflected degrees of migration and admixture at that time. Surname phylogenetic dendrogram analysis demonstrated that the Han Chinese had been segregated into North and South two parts in Song dynasty of 1000 years ago. Wuyi and Nanling Mountains divided Northern and Southern Han populations into the two major parts of Han Chinese. The results also showed that the surname distribution of Song dynasty 1000 years ago was quite similar to the present model. The 100 high frequency surnames in Song dynasty were well corresponded with the current surname distribution. This phenomenon suggests that Chinese surnames have been steadily transmitted from ancient to the present. The present study improved that the Chinese surname is a very important genetic resource for the studies of structure of the Chinese populations, migration, and affinities among different populations.