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【Objective】With the continuous emergence of information-based bandwidth-consuming services such as 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G), the Internet of Things, and cloud computing, people’s demand for high-speed information transmission has increased dramatically. However, due to the inherent nonlinear effects, the transmission capacity of single-mode optical fiber has approached the Shannon limit, and it will no longer be able to meet people’s needs for ultra-high-speed and large-capacity transmission. Solving the transmission capacity problem has become a top priority. In order to solve the needs of large-capacity communication systems and long-distance high-speed transmission problems, we have built a two-mode single-channel C-band Few Mode Fiber (FMF) transmission system.【Methods】At the transmitting end, an arbitrary waveform generator is used to convert the digital signal into an electrical signal and drive the In-phase and Quadrature (IQ) modulator to modulate the optical carrier. The modulated signal is transmitted simultaneously using two multiplexing technologies: Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM) and Polarization Division Multiplexing (PDM). In order to achieve long-distance transmission of dual-mode signals of 1 000 km, we construct a dual-circulation loop system. Each time the signal passes through the loop, it will pass through a 50 km FMF. After being transmitted to the target distance, the coupler outputs the signal to the demultiplexing module, and the coherent optical receiver performs homodyne detection on the demultiplexed modulated signal. Finally, the transmitted signal is stored in an oscilloscope for offline Digital Signal Processing (DSP). The signal is sequentially subjected to frequency domain dispersion compensation, downsampling, clock recovery, and least mean square algorithm to restore the original signal.【Results】It was found that within the range of Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio (OSNR) of each channel in the experiment, the Bit Error Rate (BER) under low Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) is close to the theoretical channel result. Under high SNR condition, the BER is 1×10-2, which is 2.5 dB away from the theoretical value. We test the BER of LP11a and LP11b modes at Back-To-Back (BTB) and 250, 500, 750 and 1 000 km transmission cases respectively. The BER at all distances are lower than the Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) soft decision threshold with 28% redundancy (5.2×10-2 Soft Decision - Forward Error Correction (SD-FEC)). The BER after 1 000 km transmission in the two modes are 1.7×10-2 and 1.8×10-2 respectively, and the total net transmission rate is 400 Gbit/s.【Conclusion】This article demonstrates the transmission of a 32 Gbaud MDM-PDM-16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) C-band signal in a 1 000 km two-mode single-channel FMF system. At the receiving end, the advanced Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)-DSP algorithm is used for channel equalization, and the obtained two-mode BER of 1.7×10-2 and 1.8×10-2 are both lower than the LDPC SD-FEC threshold with 28% redundancy. The result reachs a domestic record of 400 Gbit/s net transmission rate based on FMF transmission, and highlight the potential of FMF in large-capacity long-distance transmission.

Objective·To investigate the composition of immune cells in tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer (CRC), and examine the proportion, phenotype and effector function of natural killer (NK) cells in CRC.Methods·Fresh tumor tissues, paired normal tissues adjacent to tumor, and peripheral blood samples in the same cohort were collected from CRC patients. Tissues were digested and prepared into single cell suspension. The major immune cell lineages were detected by flow cytometry. t-Distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) and statistical analysis were used to analyze the composition of immune cells in tumor microenvironment of CRC. To analyze the phenotype of NK cells, the expression levels of activation markers, including CD16, CD27, CD69, human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR), and T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3), were detected by flow cytometry. NK cell subsets: CD38lowNK cells and CD38highNK cells were also examined by flow cytometry. To assess the effector function of NK cells, they were stimulated with cell stimulation cocktail and the expression levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were measured by flow cytometry.Results·Twenty-five pairs of fresh tumor tissues and normal tissues adjacent to tumor, and 15 peripheral blood samples in the same cohort were collected from CRC patients. The tumor microenvironment of CRC included diverse immune cell types, including T cells, B cells, NK cells and myeloid cells. The proportions of T cells (P=0.000) and myeloid cells (P=0.026) in tumor tissues were significantly higher than those in normal tissues. By contrast, the proportion of NK cells (P=0.007) in tumor was significantly reduced. The proportion of B cells was comparable between tumor and normal tissues. Compared to normal tissues, NK cells in tumor tissues expressed significantly lower CD27 (P=0.000) and CD69 (P=0.001), while the expression levels of CD16 (P=0.008), HLA-DR (P=0.000) and TIM-3 (P=0.024) were significantly elevated. The results indicated that NK cells in CRC tumor exhibited a phenotype of late activation and exhaustion. According to the expression level of CD38, NK cells could be divided into two subsets, CD38highNK cells and CD38lowNK cells. The proportion of CD38highNK cells (P=0.003) in tumor tissues was significantly lower than that in normal tissues, while the proportion of CD38lowNK cells was unaffected. Compared to CD38lowNK cells, CD38highNK cells expressed higher CD27, meanwhile significantly less CD16, NKp46, CD57, CD94, HLA-DR and CD158a (P=0.000). These results suggested that CD38highNK cells were at early differentiation state. The secretion of cytokines IFN-γ (P=0.032), TNF-α (P=0.042), and GM-CSF (P=0.019) by tumor-infiltrated NK cells was significantly decreased compared to that in normal tissues. The results showed that the function of tumor-infiltrated NK cells was impaired.Conclusion·Together, these data suggest that NK cell compartment is disrupted in tumor tissues of CRC, leading to the impaired anti-tumor immunity mediated by NK cells.

BACKGROUND With the increasing concern for food safety, especially for the elemental composition and efficacy of plant-derived foods and health products, research on the nutrient analysis of related foods is continuously carried out. At present, due to the wide variety of agricultural and health products, and the different environments in which the plant matrix grows, the elements absorbed by plants during the growth process vary greatly, making it difficult for many foods to meet the requirements of the calibration and testing system simply by using pure standards. It is necessary to combine the matrix reference materials for calibration and develop new plant-based reference materials. OBJECTIVES To improve the situation that there are few existing plant matrix reference materials, by developing 9 kinds of plant matrix reference materials for elemental analysis. Except for the reference materials for elemental analysis in notoginseng powder, all of them were developed for the first time, which supplemented the types of plant matrix elemental analysis reference materials and were mainly used in food nutrition and safety analysis and testing technology research of plant samples. METHODS In the early stage of development, the selection of candidate reference materials with the representative matrix were investigated and studied. The samples were pretreated, dried, crushed, sieved, and examined by a laser particle size analyzer before being packed in 45mL HDPE plastic bottles and inactivated by 60Co irradiation, which can be stored for a certain period of time. The samples were randomly selected from 30 bottles during the whole packing process, and the homogeneity test was performed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) and volumetric method (VOL). The long-term stability of the reference materials under the specified storage conditions and the transport stability at 60℃ were investigated and the results were evaluated by trend analysis, which showed that the samples were stable under the specified conditions. The operation guideline of reference materials characterization analysis was developed, and 11 laboratories worked together to analyze 59 elements: Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Br, Ca, Cd, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Dy, Er, Eu, F, Fe, Gd, Ge, Hg, Ho, I, K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, N, Na, Nd, Ni, P, Pb, Pr, Rb, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Si, Sm, Sn, Sr, Tb, Th, Ti, Tl, Tm, U, V, Y, Yb, Zn. RESULTS The data of the developed series of reference materials were statistically judged by Grubbs and Dixon and the suspicious values were rejected, with a rejection rate of less than 3%. Shapiro-Wilk was used to test the normality of the fixed value data, in which the element Ti in red bean, Bi, I and Th in needle mushroom, Ti in tremella, and I in jasmine had a skewed distribution of the original measurement data, and no certified value was taken only as the median value for reference, and the arithmetic mean of the customized data was used as the certified value for the remaining elements. The certified values and uncertainties of the nine reference materials were above 40, among which, 53 certified values and uncertainties were given for hawthorn and notoginseng. The uncertainty of reference materials consists of homogeneity uncertainty, stability uncertainty and characterization uncertainty. This series of reference materials was developed under the concept of metrological traceability, and a variety of quality control measures were taken to ensure the accuracy and reliability of analytical results and was applied as national level reference materials in 2021. The names and number are as follows: chemical composition of red bean (GBW10228), onion (GBW10232), rape (GBW10233), needle mushroom (GBW10247), tremella (GBW10248), root starch (GBW10249), hawthorn (GBW10250), notoginseng (GBW10251), and jasmine (GBW10234).The existing plant matrix elemental analysis reference materials are mostly found in rice, wheat, tea and other major agricultural and sideline food, and the certified value elements are mainly macronutrients and heavy metals. The present series of reference materials cover agricultural and health products with a large amount of daily sampling, except for notoginseng, which is developed for the first time, supplementing the variety of relevant quality control samples in the food testing field, with 59 certified value elements, which can effectively reflect the composition of elements in relevant products.In this study, more regionally representative candidates were selected, focusing on the beneficial nutritional elements K, Ca, Na, Mg, P, Zn, Fe and harmful metal elements As, Hg, Cd, Pb, whose contents can reflect the distribution characteristics of the elements in different samples and origins, such as red beans, which is a health food, and the candidates were picked from Yi'an County in Songnen Plain (one of the important commodity grain bases in China). It contains high contents of beneficial nutrients such as K (1.392g/100g), Ca (0.104g/100g), Mg (0.165g/100g), P (0.457g/100g), Zn (24μg/g) and Fe (71μg/g), and low contents of Pb (0.033μg/g), Cd (5.4ng/g) and other harmful metal elements, which are far below the national limit standards, reflecting the fertile black soil of Songnen Plain and the effectiveness of China's land management. For elements of Cd and Pb, red beans (5.4ng/g) and (0.033μg/g), onions (17ng/g) and (0.322μg/g), needle mushroom (33ng/g) and (0.126μg/g), rape (170ng/g) and (0.9μg/g), notoginseng (311ng/g) and (0.7μg/g), jasmine (420ng/g) and (1.65μg/g) form a gradient range, which is more applicable for food testing quality control. It can be found that the content of heavy metals in health products such as notoginseng and jasmine are higher than that in vegetable products such as rape and needle mushroom, which has a certain guidance for selecting suitable quality control samples in analytical testing. This is a guideline for the selection of suitable quality control samples.Due to the progress of the current testing methods and instruments, the precision of the data for the determination of rare earths and other elements with very low contents in some samples was good, and standard values were given, such as Eu (9.4±1.7ng/g), Ge (7.8±2.3ng/g), Lu (1.7±0.5ng/g), Tb (5.3±0.9ng/g), Tm (1.8±0.6ng/g) in rape, while the previous reference materials of similar vegetable matrixes did not reach such definite levels. CONCLUSIONS The development of the series of plant matrix reference materials is supplemental and improves the existing plant matrix reference materials, with obvious distribution characteristics of elements and wide applicability of the gradient range. This series of reference substances covers lots of elements with certified values, which is suitable for the quantity transfer and quality control of biological samples analysis and provides basis for the research on the correlation between the medicinal value and elements of health products.

Through optimizing and improving the guide system and atomizer, the spherical TiAl alloy powders with low oxygen content and high fine powder yield were prepared by water-cooled copper crucible vacuum induction melting gas atomizing technology, using the TiAl alloy blocks as the raw materials. In the results, the graphite guide base with good thermal conductivity and the BN ceramic guide core with erosion resistance can not only ensure the heating of guide pipe, but also effectively prevent the erosion of molten metal. The spiral nozzle atomizer moves the atomization point downward, and the position of reflux area is far away from the outlet of guide pipe, which solves the problem of liquid column backflow. The spiral distribution tube can effectively restrain the atomized gas, reduce the kinetic energy loss, and significantly improve the yield of fine powders by more than 20%. The fluidity of the spherical TiAl alloy powders prepared in the experiment is 27.7 [s·(50 g)‒1], the sphericity is more than 90%, and the oxygen incremental is small, which are suitable for the 3D printing and injection molding.

The spherical Ti‒1Al‒8V‒5Fe alloy (Ti185) powders used for the additive manufacturing were prepared by plasma rotating electrode atomization (PREP), using the high temperature forged Ti185 rods with the diameter of 100 mm as the electrode bar, using the Ti185 alloy ingots without “βspots” prepared by vacuum consumable arc melting as the raw materials. The properties of the Ti185 powders were characterized by vibration sieving, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In the results, the particle size distribution of the Ti185 powders is wide, mainly in the range of 44~150 μm. The powder yield with the particle size less than 44 μm is 11.6%. The oxygen content of the powders (mass fraction) is less than 0.14%. The powder fluidity with the particle size less than 150 μm is 24.79 [s∙(50 g)‒1], the bulk density is 2.79g∙cm‒3, and the tap density is 2.99 g∙cm‒3. The Ti185 powders are composed of β phase due to the rapidly cooling during the PREP process. The powders exhibit the high sphericity without the satellite powders. The powders with the particle size larger than 124 μm show the cellular dendrite structure with the small amount of rough and uneven micro pores on the surface of powders. The internal organization of the powders shows the characteristics of multi-point nucleation with the cellular structure and coarse grains after the rapid solidification. With the decrease of particle size and the increase of cooling rate, the cellular dendrite structure on the surface of powders decreases gradually, showing the smooth surface for the powder particle size less than 44 μm. Meanwhile the internal organization of the powders shows a radial growth trend and significant refinement.

The statistical models and features of natural texts was analyzed,and it was pointed out that embedding mes-sages in texts will change the features of them.According to the changes,a blind detecting method was designed using AdaBoost.Five basic parameters of texts was extracted as distinguished feature vectors to discriminate natural texts and stego-texts effectively using AdaBoost.Experimental results show the high accuracy and reliability of the method.

To address the problems that a single feature in radio frequency fingerprint recognition could not fully represent the integrity of the signal and that the differences between features of different classes were small, which limited the recognition accuracy, a DA-ResNeXt50 (ResNeXt50 with dense connection and ACBlock) method for radio frequency fingerprint identification based on time-frequency and bi-spectral feature fusion was proposed. Firstly, short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and bi-spectrum transform were performed separately on the signals collected from different devices, the resulting images were bi-narized and then concatenated. By taking advantage of the advantages of both transformations in the time-frequency domain and high-order statistical characteristics respectively, the radio frequency fingerprint features of different devices can be extracted and characterized more comprehensively. Then, the DA-ResNeXt50 network model was proposed. Borrowing from the idea of dense connection, each layer of the four-layer residual unit was directly connected to all previous layers, promoting feature reuse and transmission, which enabled it to better capture subtle differences between classes. Finally, the asymmetric convolution block (ACBlock) was used to replace the 3x3 convolution in the last residual unit of the model. This effectively increased the receptive field of the network and enhanced the skeleton part of the convolutional kernel, thereby improving the performance of radio frequency fingerprint recognition. The experimental results show that compared with that of using a single feature extraction method, the proposed feature fusion approach significantly improves performance. Compared with various classical models, the improved model has higher recognition accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the predictive value of hemoglobin (Hb) decrease for the occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants with late-onset sepsis (LOS) . Methods Clinical data of 93 LOS preterm infants were collected for retrospective analysis, among which 16 infants developed NEC while 77 infants did not. Based on the decrease in Hb levels from the most recent Hb measurement before LOS occurrence to the initial Hb levels during LOS, the infants were divided into three groups: no Hb decrease (n=15), mild Hb decrease (Hb decrease <15 g/L; n=35), and severe Hb decrease (Hb decrease ≥15 g/L; n=43). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the predictive factors for NEC secondary to LOS, and the value of Hb decrease in predicting NEC secondary to LOS was evaluated through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results The incidence of NEC in the severe Hb decrease group, mild Hb decrease group, and no Hb decrease group were 26%, 14%, and 0% (P<0.05), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a larger Hb decrease was an independent predictive factor for NEC in LOS preterm infants (OR=1.141, 95%CI: 1.061-1.277, P<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for predicting NEC in preterm infants with LOS using Hb decrease (with a cut-off value of 20 g/L) was 0.803, with sensitivity and specificity of 0.69 and 0.78, respectively. Conclusions Hb decrease can serve as an indicator for prediction of NEC in preterm infants with LOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rise of Web 2.0, sharing economy based on prosumer activities has begun to reshape the economic operation mode around the world. The main body of brand value evaluation has evolved from consumers to prosumers. The theory of brand value based on consumers will be based on prosumers. Therefore, it is very necessary and meaningful to reconstruct the brand value based on the prosumption logic. This paper uses the qualitative research method of grounded theory to conduct exploratory theoretical construction, taking Baidu Koubei online prosumers' comments on 23 sharing economy brands on online social media, video, novel and photo websites as the research subject. After the initial coding, focused coding and theoretical coding, this study constructes a prosumption logic based brand value model and a path model for prosumpiton logic based brand value dimensions, which include brand experience, brand knowledge, brand relationship quality, brand evangelism and brand citizenship behavior. Compared with previous studies, this study discovers two strong productive dimensions: brand evangelism and brand citizenship behavior, expands the connotation and scope of existing constructs, and develops new features of old concepts in sharing economy, and enriches the connotation of brand value theory in the digital age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to meet the demand of consumers for customized knitwear and improve the efficiency of knitwear customization enterprises, the difficulties faced by enterprises in implementing knitwear customization under the existing technical conditions were addressed, the origin and development of knitwear customization and the current status of domestic and international research was explained, the advantages of implementing customization strategies for knitwear enterprises using existing theories, and propose corresponding solutions were interpreted. The system is divided into a consumer-oriented Methods-Time Measurement(MTM) order placement system and an enterprise-oriented order management system, and the system interface design and related functions are explained. The research results show that the knitwear customization system based on process modularization design can meet consumers' personalized demands for knitwear styles, yarn materials, colors, laces, etc., improve the efficiency of enterprises in managing customer information, orders and production schedules, and provide methodological and technical theoretical support for the development of knitwear customization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the growth rate of domestic clothing retail sales has declined. The influence of the COVID-19 epidemic on clothing retail industry in early 2020 has appeared, that lead to the development of the garment retail was not optimistic. The study aimed to increase the performance of the clothing retail industry, alleviate the impact of the epidemic situation on it, accelerate the layout of efficient and diversified operation mode, enhance the ability of risk management and control, and help the clothing retail industry out of the trough and predicament. Under the special period of COVID-19, combining with the current digital transformation trend, by using the literature research method, data analysis method and induction deduction method, this paper expounded the development situation and the dual influence of the clothing retailing industry under the epidemic situation, and put forward four points retail trends of safety, convenience, convergence and goal orientation by focusing on the consumer's mind. Based on the double line operation trend of " mainly online and supplemented by offline", two aspects of anticipation were presented: digital plus clothing retail and community mode innovation clothing retail. By predicting the trend of clothing retail industry in the post epidemic era, it will help to optimize the clothing industry chain, improve the efficiency and help the clothing retail industry to comply with the trend of the times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problem that the traditional marketing channels of Chinese clothing brands cannot meet the needs of consumers and brand development, the necessity of digital transformation of clothing brands from the aspects of national policy, information technology and industry environment were elaborated through literature analysis and market brand research methods. The comparative analysis method was used to summarize the digital transformation methods of some clothing brands, and the representative clothing brand marketing strategies were analyzed and studied in China. The results show that marketing channels are the most important part of a brand' s digital transformation. Digital transformation offline and online omni-channel layout, new media platform precision marketing, and creating digital scene experience are the most effective marketing strategies. Brands need to choose appropriate strategies and practices based on corporate development, so as to better carry out digital transformation to respond to market changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at issues such as the design and manufacture changes in domestic apparel industry, design optimization of apparel companies and operation methods expandation, visiting survey and comparative analysis methods were taken to investigate the representative regions of domestic apparel industry, targeted research was taken on various large, medium and small enterprises, the transformation ideas and practices of some companies were revealed, the status quo of transformation of various apparel companies was compared and the problems were analyzed. Finally, through co-ordination, analysis and research on its transformation issues, examples were combined with current new technologies, from design, technology, management, channels and image, the implementable operation methods of the current clothing company in the transformation period was summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of telecom industry, growing web service operations need more people to maintain the quality of the service. In the branch of telecom operation service, installation and maintenance service, the service quality is evaluated by human through assessing picture of construction site. The traditional way of evaluating quality of operation service brings low accuracy and high labor cost. In recent years, image recognition technology developed well with the deep learning raised, the related application field were broaden. If image recognition techniques were applied in telecom operation and maintenance system, the labor cost would be saved and the recognition accuracy would be improved. Several image recognition techniques were applied in installation quality assessment of telecom operation and maintenance system, and the performance and accuracy were analyzed. Based on analysis, a combining image recognition model was further proposed. The image recognition accuracy and efficiency of quality assessment was improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To investigate the effects of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on immune function and systemic inflammation in young rats. Methods Eighteen young male SD rats aged 6 to 8 weeks were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal group, control group and TPN group, with 6 rats in each group. The rats in the normal group were not catheterized, and those in the control group were treated with normal saline after right jugular vein catheterization. The rats in the control group and normal group were fed standard food and water, and those in the TPN group were treated with TPN after right jugular vein catheterization, fasting and water abdication. All the young rats were sacrificed in 14 d later. The blood routine of peripheral blood was detected by automatic flow cytometry. The expression of HLA-DR in spleen cells, the proportion of Treg cells in peripheral blood, the ability of endotoxin-induced monocytes to produce TNF-α, apoptosis of lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+ T cells) and the ability of IFN-γ production after stimulation by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were detected by flow cytometry. The levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-4 in peripheral blood plasma were determined by ELISA. Results Compared with normal group and control group, the number of venous blood lymphocytes was decreased (P < 0.05), the HLA-DR expression level in spleen cells was reduced (P < 0.05), the proportion of Treg cells in peripheral blood was significantly higher in the TPN group (8.54±1.20) than that in the normal group (3.02±1.49) and the control group (3.00±0.75) (P < 0.05). The proportion of TNF-α induced by endotoxin was significantly lower in the TPN group (8.73±3.11) than the normal group (39.07±16.17) and control group (43.23±18.40). The percentage of IFN-γ produced by CD4+T lymphocytes stimulated by PHA was significantly lower in the TPN group (0.65±0.46) than the normal group (2.94±1.62) and the control group (2.97±1.39), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The TPN group had increased apoptosis of lymphocytes (CD4+ CD8+ T cells) at late stage (P < 0.05), increased IL-1β and TNF-α levels (P < 0.05) while decreased IL-10 and IL-4 levels (P < 0.05). Conclusion TPN sustained for 2 weeks can lead to congenital and acquired immune impairment and increase of pro-inflammatory factors in young mice. Early initiation of enteral nutrition is of great significance to reduce immune injury and systemic inflammation.

In order to solve the problems of child's safety protection, the concept of "safety idea" was taken as design principle and Arduino was taken as the core, technologies such as GPS, Bluetooth, embedded system and mobile APP were combined with children's jacket to endow anti-lost performance. At the same time, the appearance of children's jackets was also considered to ensure the multi-function and comfort. Furthermore, the application prospects, industrialization and economic returns were also analyzed. The results show that the design of intelligent children's jacket can effectively achieve the safety protection performance, and follow the market demand for multi-functional children's clothing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Smart clothing design has become a hot spot of research in recent years, but the study of the smart safety clothing model is immature. Documentary analysis of typical cases is performed in order to identify the key issues in the process of smart safety children's clothing. General design approaches are discussed in the terms of the sense of comfort, safety, aesthetic, as well as documentary analysis the safety factor, the sentimental demand of design, and translated into general design model. In the whole process of psychological perceptions design, the smart safety children's clothing design scheme has put forward, its fit a pattern of general design elements of emotional requirements in safety hazard analysis, safety factor selection, material selection, color application and sewing proess. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of green ecology, clothing safety has drawn more and more attention. The development and cross use of electronic information technology & material technology etc have provided increasing possibility for clothing design safety. This paper firstly introduces the iBeacon technology as a safety factor into the design of security clothing. According to its characteristics of low consuming, microlocation and seamless experience, considering styles, colors, materials, fashion and design techniques, a new safety function can be put forward based on previous research. It overcomes the defect of non-water scrubbing in electronic smart clothing. Finally the safety of fashion can continually move on and go far through the comprehensive evaluation of electronic components & clothing safety system and feasible analysis on iBeacon safety clothing industrialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BaDu hemp embroidered dyed apparels of Wangfu at Chun'an in Zhejiang province possess of both practical and cultural function. Based on the field in local villages, and starting from the origin of BaDu hemp embroidered, this paper is detail stating the position of the ShanYue culture on the aesthetics, color, pattern and meaning of BaDu hemp embroidered, and analysis on the making craft of generations, finally, concluding the cultural characteristics and the aesthetic attribute value of BaDu hemp embroidered. To study the design of the clothing heritage application and innovation in the digital age, which deeply laid the theory and the practice foundation and has important practical significance for the traditional costume culture research, technology research and inheritance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The smart positioning children's clothes has become a hot spot of design and research in recent years. However, the study of its design has many common problems,for example, the design mode of smart positioning clothing is immature, the product design is poor, the volume of wearable devices is too large,and the coalesce is bad. In order to solve the key issues in the process of the smart positioning children's clothes development, this paper has completed the smart positioning children's clothes with novel form technology design, structure design and fabric design as their inter-relationship, which put the iBeacon as the core of the new smart mart positioning children's clothes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new ultra-wideband radio antenna is designed for the match of ultra-wideband fuze transmitter with antenna bandwidth and power. The feeding point and opening angle of triangular symmetrical dipole antenna are optimized by CST. The results show that the best feeding point of the ultra triangular symmetrical dipole antenna is at the top, and the best opening angle is 60°. The time domain analysis is more suitable for the simulation and optimization of radio antenna by analyzing the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), antenna bandwidth, antenna gain and radiation signal amplitude of ultra-wideband radio antenna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the processing of delay and multiplication is utilized to eliminate the influence of the information code on long code sequence and short code sequence and the signal is segmented in an ingenious way, and a subsection cross-correlation method to descramble is proposed to obtain the long code sequence of non-periodic long code direct sequence spread spectral (NPLCDS-SS) signals by using the shift-and-add property of m-sequence. The primitive polynomial of the short code is estimated by using the matrix's oblique elementary method and the information code synchronization is realized by utilizing the information code blind synchronization method based on covariance norm. Finally a dispreading method of NPLCDS-SS signal is obtained. Simulations results shown that the bits error rate of this method is below 10-2, when the signal-to-noise ratio is greater than 3.6dB and the signal length is only one-eighth of the period of the long code sequence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, the trend of fast fashion as synonymous with the change and development for fashion has played a catalytic role. Under the impact of the fast fashion, knitted garment gradually break the original design thinking frameworks. This article introduces the fast fashion knit couture under current situation, highlight the advantages of fast fashion and trends guide. By studying stylish knit clothes, yarns, colors, patterns, styles, organizational development, it can enrich the knitted dress design ideas, enhance the design potential of knit dress. Thereby promoting the production and development of knitted dress quickly and efficiently. Let the knitting female attire change be diverserand reinforced knit ladies' overall design standards in the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Campus style elements are uniquely in modern clothing design field, it influences the contemporary fashion design trends, and inspire the contemporary fashion designers. In contemporary, this style has become a fashion, and evolved into today's fashion culture. It mainly introduces the history, profile, tie-in way, fabrics, and its performance in modern clothing design. The purpose is to learn more about the campus style in the process of research, at the same time, to provide us broader design thinking for later design. It also helps more people better know the historical background and the current development trend and helps us make effective reference and application in clothing design and make this style of clothing design more popular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper based on the domestic knitting popular predict environment, the problem between the gap of the design and finally wool sweaters finished product, put forward effective methods of improvement. From the analysis of the prediction of the early days of the data collection, sure pattern, sure design draft, to end the garment, and compared the differences in domestic and foreign knitting popular forecast. Obtain a reason that cause wool sweater design and products separation ... the original design material shortage, systematic of knitting popular prediction is not strong, production staff of epidemic consciousness weak, the materials of the sweater is shortage. Combined with knitting popular prediction experience, put forward suggestions and opinions on the whole project planning, their own quality improving, personnel communication, enterprise cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhinestone with color pure, bright, smooth surface drilling, the characteristics of various shapes, is one of the main decorative supplies about knitting sweater adornment design. This article through to the sweater on the market rhinestones materials used the type, characteristics and application of the market, combining the analysis and comparison of the rhinestones market uneven, and the high quality of the present situation of the points that sweater, summarizes the selection of rhinestones basic standard. And through the theoretical analysis and design the practice, it further discusses the hot drilling in the sweater decoration design principles in the use of rhinestones and points for attention of the production process, thus to realize the maximum hot drilling in the sweater adornment design, the role of sweater design has a certain significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the sweaters pattern design, the two sides pattern is a common kind in the pattern design. By way of combining the different shape of pattern and colors, come into being different style, with strong flexibility and adaptability, the two sides pattern can be accepted by different people. This paper mainly introduced the permutation, pattern combination and application of the two sides pattern, and summed up the new ideas in the innovative design. To make the common decorative pattern of sweaters more colorful and responsive to the modern aesthetic interests, only in this way, the consumers' deeper requirements could be meeted. It provided a theoretical basis to constantly enhance the design of modem knitting sweater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fusion of traditional color elements and fashion in the knitting design has become the important methods that are researched and concerned by the current design and consumption. Through the characteristics of traditional white and black color was by deciphered, analyzing the status and role of white and black color elements in the knitting design, and put forward the new way of innovative applications that include integration of clothing materials, color design and pattern innovation and fashion style, in order to better use and develop the special role in the knitting design and injecting to the theory and practice of the new blood for modern knitting innovation design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

为了快速、准确检测市售橄榄油中非法添加的脂溶性色素，建立了一种测定橄榄油中铜-焦脱镁素a的高效液相色谱串联质谱法（HPLC-MS/MS）。使用SPE柱对样品进行净化前处理，随后通过HPLC-MS/MS进行定性和定量检测，色谱分析采用C8色谱柱，以甲醇-1 mol/L乙酸铵水溶液（体积比8∶ 2）和甲醇-丙酮(体积比6∶ 4)作为流动相，进行梯度洗脱；质谱分析采用大气压化学电离，负离子扫描模式，多重反应监测模式，电子倍增电压600 V，碎裂电压260 V，用外标法进行定量。经过方法学验证，该方法的检出限和定量限分别为12 μg/kg和64 μg/kg，回收率为910%~106.0%，相对标准偏差为3.9%~5.7%。该方法具有较高的灵敏度和精密度，能够准确、快速地检测市售橄榄油中的铜-焦脱镁素a。An analytical method for determining copper pyropheophytin-a in olive oil utilizing high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was established to accurately and quickly detect illegally added liposoluble pigments in commercial olive oil. Purification of the sample was performed using a SPE column for pre-treatment, followed by qualitative and quantitative detection using HPLC-MS/MS. The Chromatographic analysis was carried out on C8 column, with methanol-1 mol/L aqueous solution of ammonium acetate (volume ratio 8∶ 2) and methanol-acetone (volume ratio 6∶ 4) as mobile phases for gradient elution. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization at negative ion mode and multi reaction monitoring scanning were used for mass spectrometry analysis under the conditions of electronic multiplication voltage 600 V and fragmentation voltage 260 V, and the analyte was quantified by external standard method. The results of the methodological validation showed that this method exhibited a limit of detection of 12 μg/kg and a limit of quantification of 64 μg/kg, with spiked recovery rates ranging from 91.0% to 106.0%, with relative standard deviations varying from 3.9% to 5.7%. This method had advantages of high sensitivity and precision, and can detect of copper pyropheophytin-a in olive oil rapidly.

Objective To establish an automation system for detection of alcohol content in blood. Methods The determination was performed by automated workstation of extraction-headspace gas chromatography （HS-GC）. The blood collection with negative pressure, sealing time of headspace bottle and sample needle were checked and optimized in the abstraction of automation system. The automatic sampling was compared with the manual sampling. Results The quantitative data obtained by the automated workstation of extraction-HS-GC for alcohol was stable. The relative differences of two parallel samples were less than 5%. The automated extraction was superior to the manual extraction. A good linear relationship was obtained at the alcohol concentration range of 0.1-3.0 mg/mL （r≥0.999） with good repeatability. Conclusion The method is simple and quick, with more standard experiment process and accurate experimental data. It eliminates the error from the experimenter and has good repeatability, which can be applied to the qualitative and quantitative detections of alcohol in blood.

Objectives: To study the predictive value of hemoglobin (Hb) decrease for the occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants with late-onset sepsis (LOS) ., Methods: Clinical data of 93 LOS preterm infants were collected for retrospective analysis, among which 16 infants developed NEC while 77 infants did not. Based on the decrease in Hb levels from the most recent Hb measurement before LOS occurrence to the initial Hb levels during LOS, the infants were divided into three groups: no Hb decrease ( n =15), mild Hb decrease (Hb decrease <15 g/L; n =35), and severe Hb decrease (Hb decrease ≥15 g/L; n =43). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the predictive factors for NEC secondary to LOS, and the value of Hb decrease in predicting NEC secondary to LOS was evaluated through receiver operating characteristic curve analysis., Results: The incidence of NEC in the severe Hb decrease group, mild Hb decrease group, and no Hb decrease group were 26%, 14%, and 0% ( P <0.05), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a larger Hb decrease was an independent predictive factor for NEC in LOS preterm infants ( OR =1.141, 95% CI : 1.061-1.277, P <0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for predicting NEC in preterm infants with LOS using Hb decrease (with a cut-off value of 20 g/L) was 0.803, with sensitivity and specificity of 0.69 and 0.78, respectively., Conclusions: Hb decrease can serve as an indicator for prediction of NEC in preterm infants with LOS.

With the gradual advancement of The Reform Plan to Control High-value Medical Consumables published by the State Council, the reform policies such as purchase with quantity, charging consumables" zero bonus" were born, the operating pressure of medical institutions on medical consumables increased sharply, and the fine cost accounting management demands were improving. Due to the manage features of medical consumables, this will lead to the inaccurate and cross-cycle of cost accounting. In order to achieve the refined cost accounting management, the related business system and process adjustment are studied.

Objective: To investigate the protective effects and potential mechanisms of estrogen modified human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSC) on high glucose (HG)-induced injury of vascular endothelial cells. Methods: hBMSCs were cultured under 30 mmol/l glucose to establish a high glucose model (HG), and then were divided into four groups as following: HG group (HG control, without any treatment), HG+E2 group (cells were treated with 20 μmol/L estrogen), HG+E2+ Triciribine group (cells were pretreated with 5 μmol/L protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) inhibitor for 45 min, and then modified by 20 μmol/L estrogen), and NG group (cells were cultured under normal conditions). After 12 h treatment, the cell viability of hBMSC was detected by CCK8 assay, and the contents of NO, VEGF and IL8 in the supernatant of cultured medium in each group were detected by nitrate reductase and ELISA assay (n=6). After 48 h, the expression levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and phosphorylated eNOS (p-eNOS) were detected by Western blot (n=3). In addition, the cell supernatant of each group was further extracted as conditioned medium to culture HUVECs, and the cells were subsequently divided into HG-CM group (HUVECs were treated with HG group's conditioned medium), HG+E2-CM group (HUVECs were treated with HG+E2 group's conditioned medium), HG+E2+Triciribine-CM group (HUVECs were treated with HG+E2+ Triciribine group's conditioned medium) and HG-H group (HUVEC were cultured under HG condition, which were treated with final concentration 30 mmol/l glucose). The cell viability of HUVECs in each group was detected by CCK8 assay after 12 h cultured (n=6). After 24 h treatment, the apoptosis rate of HUVECs in each group was detected by flow cytometry (n=3). Furthermore, the migration rate of HUVECs in each group was observed by wound healing assay after 48 h cultured (n=3). Results: Compared with NG group, the cell viability and eNOS protein phosphorylation level of hBMSC in HG group and the contents of NO, VEGF and IL-8 in the supernatant of cultured medium were decreased (P<0.05). Compared with HG group, the cell viability and eNOS protein phosphorylation level in HG+E2 group and the contents of NO, VEGF and IL-8 in cultured medium supernatant were increased significantly (P<0.05), whereas pre-treatment of hBMSC cells with a Akt inhibitor Triciribine, the above indexes showed reverse changes (P<0.05). Furthermore, compared with HG-CM group, the cell viability and migration ability (P<0.05) of HUVECs in HG+E2-CM group were increased significantly (P<0.05), and the proportion of apoptosis was decreased (P<0.05). While compared with HG+E2-CM group, the cell viability and migration ability of HUVECs in HG+E2+Triciribine-CM group were decreased (P<0.05), and the proportion of apoptosis was increased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Estrogen may promote the secretion of NO, VEGF and IL-8 by activating the Akt/eNOS signaling pathway of hBMSC cells, increase the cell viability and migration ability of HUVECs and inhibit the occurrence of apoptosis, play a protective role against the injury of HUVECs induced by HG condition.

A comprehensive and scientific understanding of non-point source pollutant transport pathways and source apportionment in combined sewer systems is essential for managing and improving the urban water environment. This study analyzed build-up and wash-off processes of pollutants on road surfaces and in sewers within a catchment of combined sewer systems in a typical old district in Zhuhai. Besides, source apportionment of the entire urban non-point source pollution was investigated by using the mass conservation method. The outcomes revealed that the build-up load of road deposited sediments in the study area was (28.81±10.69) g·m -2 . The average wash-off load of road deposited sediments during five different rainfall events was (19.27±10.90) g·m -2 and the wash-off percentage was (52.69±13.3)%. The event mean concentrations of suspended solids (SS) in road runoff were 52-109 mg·L -1 , and the event mean concentrations of SS in sewer runoff were 68-158 mg·L -1 . Source apportionment analysis showed that road runoff, domestic wastewater, and sewer sediments contributed 39%-72%, <20%, and 13%-56% to SS, respectively. The thickness of sewer sediments increased by 1-14 cm during light and moderate rains, and the thickness decreased by 7-17 cm during heavy rains. It was found that rainfall characteristics affected the contribution percentages of pollution sources. The contribution of pollution from road runoff, domestic sewage, and sewer sediments in combined sewer systems were 2%-52%, 9%-65%, and 8%-81%, respectively. The derived outcomes should be useful for developing recommendations to control non-point source pollution in combined sewer systems and improve urban receiving water quality in China.

Objective To explore the possible effect of C-X-C motif chemokine ligands13 (CXCL13) on the autophagy and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and the underlying mechanisms. Methods The hBMSCs were divided into control group, hypoxia group, CXCL13 treatment group, and CXCL13 combined with SB203580 group. Except the control group, the rest of cells were cultured under the established hypoxia condition of 920 mL/L N 2 , 30 mL/L O 2 and 50 mL/L CO 2 . The cells of CXCL13 treatment group were stimulated with 50 ng/mL recombinant CXCL13. In the combination group, the cells were preincubated with 20 μmol /L of MAPK inhibitor SB203580 for 30 minutes and subsequently treated with 50 ng/mL recombinant CXCL13. MTT assay was used to determine the proliferation of hBMSCs. The apoptosis rate of hBMSCs was analyzed by annexin V-FITC/PI double labeling and flow cytometry. The protein levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and beclin-1 were measured by Western blot analysis. ELISA was used to measure the content of autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7) in cell lysis buffer. Results Compared with the hypoxia group and the combination group. The cell proliferation, beclin-1 and NF-κB protein levels increased significantly in the CXCL13 treatment group however, the apoptosis rate decreased, and the level of ATG7 increased significantly in cell lysate. Conclusion Under hypoxic condition, CXCL13 promotes autophagy and proliferation of hBMSCs through the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) and its ability to promote the differentiation of hBMSCs into osteoblasts in the inflammatory environment. Methods The cell inflammation model was established by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The hBMSCs without any stimulation was defined as the inflammatory control group; the hBMSCs stimulated by 100 ng/mL human NT-3 recombinant protein as the NT-3 group; the hBMSCs stimulated by 100 mmol/L pyrvinium pamoate (PP) for 12 hours and then stimulated by 100 ng/mL human NT-3 recombinant protein as the Wnt inhibitor group; the normal cultured hBMSCs as the normal control group. We performed the experiment of osteoblast induction on all groups. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the proliferation of hBMSCs; the fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled annexin V/propidium iodide (Annexin V-FITC/PI) double labeling combined with flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of hBMSCs; ELISA was used to detect the protein levels of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) protein and alkaline phosphatase (ALP); and the alizarin red staining experiment was conducted to detect the ability of calcium nodule formation. Results Compared with the inflammatory control group, the proliferative activity of hBMSCs in NT-3 group significantly increased, the apoptosis obviously decreased, and the contents of RUNX2 and ALP, as well as the intensity of alizarin red staining in NT-3 group evidently rose. Compared with the NT-3 group, the proliferative activity of hBMSCs in the Wnt inhibitor group was inhibited, the cell apoptosis was promoted, and the contents of RUNX2 and ALP, as well as the intensity of alizarin red staining in the Wnt inhibitor group were reduced remarkably. Conclusion NT-3 can protect hBMSCs from anti-inflammatory damage and promote the differentiation of hBMSCs into osteoblasts.

To study the effects and mechanisms of interleukin-8 (IL-8) on the proliferation and autophagy of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSC) under hypoxic condition. In the hypoxia model, we set the non-stimulated hBMSC as the hypoxia control group; the hBMSC stimulated by 100 μmol/L human IL-8 as the IL-8 group; the hBMSC stimulated by 50 μmol/L MK2206 (Akt protein inhibitor) and 100μmol/L IL-8 as the Akt inhibitor group; and the normal cultured hBMSC as the normal control group. The experiments of EdU cell proliferation and TUNEL apoptosis were respectively used to detect the number of positive cells that were labeled by EdU and apoptosis in each group, and Western blotting and ELISA were used respectively to detect the expression of autophagy protein (LC-3), Akt/STAT3 and other proteins in each group. The results indicated that the proliferation and autophagy of hBMSC in IL-8 group was higher than that in hypoxia control group and Akt inhibitor group, and the apoptosis rate in IL-8 group decreased. These results and the high expression of Akt, STAT3 and VEGF protein of IL-8 group show that under the hypoxic condition, IL-8 played a protective role on MSC through the Akt-STAT3 pathway. It had important significance in the protection of MSC against the injury due to ischemia and hypoxia, and promoted the application of MSC in regenerative medicine.

Objective: To compare the mid- to long-term outcomes of patients receiving isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) versus surgical ventricular restoration (SVR) plus CABG for left ventricular aneurysms., Methods: The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed in 205 patients with left ventricular aneurysms admitted to our hospital between January, 1997 and December, 2012, including 115 patients receiving SVR plus CABG and 90 undergoing isolated CABG. By matching preoperative echocardiographic parameters including aneurysm size, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVI) and EuroSCORE risk factors, 32 patients receiving SVR plus CABG and another 32 with isolated CABG were enrolled in this study. The patients were compared for survival rates, major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), left ventricular geometry and function at 1, 3 and 5 years of follow-up., Results: Compared with the patients receiving isolated CABG, those receiving SVR and CABG showed greater improvements in echocardiographic parameters and NYHA functional class. The differences in the echocardiographic parameters between the two groups gradually reduced with time and became comparable at 5 years after the operation (P>0.05). No significant difference was found in the mid- to long-term survival or the incidence of MACCEs between the two groups (P>0.05)., Conclusion: Compared with isolated CABG, SVR plus CABG does not reduce the incidence of MACCEs or improve the mid- to long-term survival rate of patients with left ventricular aneurysm with a LVESVI <60 mL/m(2).

Objective: To compare the perioperative outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for treatment of complex coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction., Methdos: The clinical data of 966 patients admitted to our hospital from January 2003 to December 2013 with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤50%) were retrospectively reviewed. Among the patients, 386 underwent CABG and 580 received PCI. After matching for EuroSCORE risk factors and preoperative echocardiographic parameters, 135 patients with CABG and 135 with PCI were enrolled in this study. With hospital mortality and perioperative major complications as the endpoints, the early outcomes of the procedures were evaluated. Perioperative echocardiography was performed to evaluate the change of left ventricular geometry and function., Results: Compared with CABG group, PCI group had significantly higher incidences of chronic lung disease (8.1% vs 0.7%, P=0.003) and recent myocardial infarction (64.4% vs 31.9%, P=0.000) but significantly lower left-main disease (12.6% vs 23.7%, P=0.018); the other baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. Patients with CABG had a greater number of treated target vessels than those with PCI (2.90±0.81 vs 1.67±0.73, P=0.000), and complete revascularization was more common in CABG group (94.8% vs 51.8%, P=0.000). No significant difference was found in perioperative variations of LVEF between the two groups, but patients with CABG had a greater variation in LVEDD than those with PCI. The hospital mortality and other major complications were similar between the two groups., Conclusion: Both CABG and PCI are safe and reliable revascularization strategies for complex coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction, but CABG can achieve a higher rate of complete revascularization and better improves the left ventricular function.

This investigation was aimed to explore whether over-expression of 27heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) could protect bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)against injury induced by high-concentration glucose. We cultured BMSCs in high-concentration glucose medium, and up-regulated or inhibited HO-1 expression in BMSCs through its agonist or inhibitor. We detected the ability of BMSCs proliferation and secretion respectively by MTT and enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay (ELISA). Then we detected the effect of BMSCs conditions medium on proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) through scratch experiments and transwell assay. It was found that HO-1 over-expression could not only promote BMSCs proliferation, but also promote secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and could further accelerate the proliferation and migration of HUVECs. It could be well concluded that HO-1-over-expressing BMSCs can not only inhibit damage induced by high-concentration glucose, but can promote the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells through paracrine as well. The result indicated that HO-1-over-expressing BMSCs played an important role in the treatment of diabetic vascular complication.

Objective: To investigate the etiology of community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CARTI) and the antimicrobial resistance of the major pathogens in primary hospitals in Shanghai., Methods: Patients with CARTI were prospectively recruited from 30 primary hospitals from December 2007 to July 2010. Those who had used antimicrobials within previous 2 weeks were excluded from the study. The clinical information such as temperature, white blood cell (WBC) count and percentage of neutrophils was recorded, and throat swab or deep cough sputum was collected to isolate pathogens. The specimens were collected and couriered to the Zhongshan Hospital microbiology laboratory within 2 h for bacterial culture. The minimal inhibition concentrations (MIC) of penicillin G, amoxicillin, cephradine, cephalexin, cefadroxil, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and azithromycin were determined using the agar dilution test., Results: Totally 806 qualified cases were enrolled in this study. Fever (T ≥ 38 °C) was present in 51.7% (n = 417) , and increased WBC count (>10×10(9)/L) was noted in 68.5% (n = 552 cases) of the patients. For bacterial culture, 184 strains were isolated from throat swabs of 688 patients with upper respiratory infection; the most frequently isolated bacteria were Haemophilus influenzae (44, 23.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (44, 23.9%) and Group G streptococcus (43, 23.0%). Thirty-three strains were isolated from 118 patients with lower respiratory infections, with Haemophilus influenza (21, 63.6%), Group G streptococcus (6,18.2%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (3,9.1%) as the leading pathogens. All strains of Haemophilus influenzae were susceptible to azithromycin. The susceptibility rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin was as high as 94.7%, while that to azithromycin was significantly decreased (21.1%). The MIC90 values of cephalexin, cefadroxil and ceftazidime for β-hemolytic streptococcus spp were ≤ 2 mg/L., Conclusions: Upper respiratory infections were responsible for most cases of CARTI. The commonly used antimicrobials in primary hospitals kept a high susceptibility to the frequent pathogens for CARTI. However, Streptococcus pneumoniae showed a decreased susceptibility to macrolides, which should be used carefully as a single agent when treating CARTI.

Unlabelled: To explore the clinical and pathological features of male and female autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) patients., Methods: One hundred and sixty-nine AIH patients were enrolled. The clinical and histological data of the male cases were compared with the female ones., Results: There were 23 (13.6%) male patients in our study. The general status, biochemical and immunological test, and histological findings between two groups had no significant difference (P more than 0.05). The IAIHG's revised original scoring system pretreatment scores of male patients (14.4+/-2.3) were lower than that of female ones (16.6+/-2.6, Z= -3.728, P=0.000), whereas the simplified scoring system scores of male patients (7.2+/-0.8) were higher than that of female ones (6.5+/-1.2, Z=-2.372, P=0.018). There were 15 male AIH patients treated with immunosuppressive therapy, then 12 of them reached complete biochemical remission, the other three cases were incomplete response. The complete biochemical remission rate in our male cases was 80%. Median duration of remission was 3 months (95% CI 2.070-3.930 months)., Conclusion: There are no significant differences in clinical and pathological features of AIH between genders. The diagnosis of AIH should be suspected in male patients with any abnormality in serum aminotransferases levels. Liver biopsy examination is recommended to establish the diagnosis of AIH. The simplified criteria have good diagnostic value for male AIH patients.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery for treating gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST)., Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 46 patients with gastric GIST undergoing laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery between June 2009 and June 2011 at the Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine., Results: There were 27 males and 19 females with the mean age of 58.5 years. Thirty-three patients received endoscopy-assisted wedge resection, and 13 cases received laparoscopy-assisted endoscopic resection. All the operations were successful. The mean operative time was (85.5±29.3) min, the mean blood loss was (31.4±12.2) ml, the mean post-operative gastrointestinal functional recovery time was (31.6±14.9) h, and the mean post-operative hospital stay was (5.1±2.9) d. No post-operative complication occurred. NIH risk assessment showed that 34 cases were very low risk and 12 low risk. No recurrence or metastasis was found during the follow-up ranging from 2 to 26 months(median, 12.6 months)., Conclusion: Laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery for gastric GIST is both feasible and safe with minimal invasiveness, fast recovery and satisfactory short-term outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate the role of cytopathology in endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for lung tumor diagnosis and staging., Methods: Two-hundred consecutive cases of lung tumor with EBUS-TBNA performed during the period from April, 2009 to September, 2010 in Shanghai Cancer Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The cytologic diagnoses were categorized as non-diagnostic, negative, suspicious and malignant. When available, cell block preparation and immunohistochemistry were performed. On the 22 positive cases diagnosed by on-site evaluation, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation study was carried out., Results: In the 200 cases of cytology specimens, 122 cases (69.3%) were diagnosed as malignant, 42 cases (23.9%) as benign and 12 cases (6.8%) as suspicious for malignancy. The non-diagnostic rate was 12.0% (24/200). Amongst the 200 cases studied, 140 cases (70.0%) had histologic correlation available (via core biopsy, mediastinoscopic biopsy or surgical excision). The sensitivity and specificity of EBUS-TBNA cytologic diagnoses were 94.4% and 100%, when using histopathologic findings and clinical follow-up data as gold standard. The cell block preparation and immunohistochemistry were useful in subtyping and diagnosis of extrathoracic malignancy. EGFR mutations were detected in 8 cytology samples (36.4%)., Conclusions: EBUS-TBNA is a sensitive and specific tool for diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. The cytology samples can be used for further ancillary investigations including cell block preparation, immunohistochemistry and molecular studies.

Objective: To validate transient elastography (Fibroscan) in assessment of hepatic fibrosis in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)., Methods: Liver stiffness was assessed using Fibroscan in totally 30 patients with AIH. We compared the results of Fibroscan with the Scheuer fibrosis stage in liver biopsy in each patient., Results: 4 patients were shown as liver fibrosis stage S0, 6 as S1, 5 as S2, 11 as S3 and 4 as S4. Failure of the Fibroscan measurement occurred in 1 case (3.3%) because of her increased body mass index (BMI). The stiffness of Fibroscan was significantly correlated with the liver biopsy fibrosis stage (r = 0.801, P less than 0.001). The liver stiffnesses between mild and moderate fibrosis (S0-2) and advanced fibrosis (S3-4) were significantly different (t = -3.937, P = 0.001)., Conclusion: Transient elastography (Fibroscan) is a promising non-invasive method for detection of fibrosis in patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Its use for the follow up and management of these patients and should be evaluated further.

Objective: To evaluate the value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in diagnosis of mediastinal lesions and to discuss its optimal indication., Methods: One hundred and twenty three patients with mediastinal lesions who underwent EBUS-TBNA were included in this study. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of EBUS-TBNA in diagnosis of mediastinal lesions were analyzed according to the final diagnosis and evaluate its value and the optimal indication., Results: In the 123 patients, EBUS-TBNA was successfully performed to obtain samples from 286 stations of lymph nodes (2.33 stations/per patient). The puncture success rate was 100%. The procedure was uneventful without complications. Final diagnosis indicated that there were 83 positive and 40 negative patients. EBUS-TBNA had a sensitivity of 95.2%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, negative predictive value of 90.0%, and overall accuracy of 96.8%. For diagnosis of the epithelial cancer, EBUS-TBNA had an accuracy of 98.8%, sensitivity of 98.8%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 100%. EBUS-TBNA failed to reveal three lymphomas. For diagnosis of benign mediastinal diseases, EBUS-TBNA had a diagnosis rate of 47.2% which had a confirmed clinical application value., Conclusions: EBUS-TBNA may be expected to replace the mediastinoscopy as a superior choice for diagnosis of mediastinal epithelial cancers. EBUS-TBNA can not replace mediastinoscopy but being a promising tool for diagnosis of benign mediastinal lesions including granulomas. For certain special diseases such as lymphoma, mediastinoscopy cannot be replaced. However, EBUS-TBNA can be a potentially favorite choice for early stage screening.