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Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To analyze the etiological characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) isolated from food-borne outbreaks in Fuqing City between 2021 and 2023, and to explore its distribution characteristics and epidemic types. Methods The serotypes, virulence genes (tlh, tdh, trh), and drug resistance profiles of 23 VP strains isolated from 4 food- borne disease outbreaks were tested by agglutination, multiple real-time PCR, and broth microdilution methods. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used for molecular typing to analyze homology. Results From 2021 to 2023, four food-borne disease outbreaks occurred in Fuqing City, leading to the isolation and identification of 23 VP strains. Among these, 19 clinical strains were divided into two serotypes: O10:K4 type, comprising 13 strains (68.4%), and O4:KUT type, comprising 6 strains (31.6%); the tdh gene carrying rate was 100.0%, and no trh gene was detected. The serotypes of the four food isolates were O3: K4, O10:K24, O11:KUT, and O3:K37, respectively, all differing from the clinical strains, with two strains coming from the same food item without tdh and trh genes detected. The resistance rate of all isolates to cefazolin was the highest (87.0%), with two strains (8.7%) from different sources showing multidrug resistance. The PFGE genotypes of 19 case isolates were clustered and correlated with their serotypes and drug resistance profiles; strains isolated from the same outbreak event showed high similarity, whereas food strains exhibited polymorphism in PFGE genotypes. Conclusions The predominant serotype causing the four outbreaks was O10:K4, with some strains showing multidrug resistance; all clinical strains carried the tdh gene. The high correlation between strains from the same outbreak event suggests they are homologous. Special attention should be paid to the risk of outbreaks and pandemics caused by the O10:K4 type strain again. Additionally, food safety risk monitoring and assessment should be strengthened to provide an effective basis for epidemic prevention and control and early identification and warning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To understand the distribution, serotype, and drug resistance of Salmonella in domestic sewage in Jining city, and to analyze the whole genome sequencing so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of Salmonella. Methods From February to March in 2023, two samples of sewage from the intake of 3 urban sewage plants with 500 ml each were collected continuously for 7 weeks. A total of 42 sewage samples were collected for culture, isolation, and identification of Salmonella. The isolated Salmonella was tested for serum agglutination test and fluorescent quantitative PCR serotyping. In total 41 strains of Salmonella were tested for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 17 drugs in 9 classes by microbroth dilution method, followed by genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Results The isolation rate of Salmonella from domestic sewage in Jining city was high. Among 24 positive samples, 41 strains of Salmonella were isolated, belonging to 9 serotypes, mainly S.Agona and S.Kentucky. Liying and Jidong sewage treatment plants had their own unique serotypes. Only one strain of S.Give was not resistant, and the other 40 strains of Salmonella were multi-drug resistant. The resistance rates to sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, ampicillin, and streptomycin were more than 90%, and the resistance rate to ampicillin/sulbactam was more than 80%. There were 19 kinds of drug resistance spectra, of which SXT-TET-STR-AMP-AMS ranked the first place. The resistance spectra of different serotypes of Salmonella were different. S.Kentucky, S.Gold Coast, and S.Infant were multi-drug resistant seriously. The resistance spectrum of the same serotype was also inconsistent in different sewage plants, and the resistance was the most serious in Liying sewage plant. The CARD database was used to prediet drug resistance genes, mainly predicting 18 drug resistance genes in 8 types of drug resistance families, and the drug resistance phenotypes and drug resistance genes were almost all consistent. The ST types of different serotypes of Salmonella were different, and ST13 S.Agona was dominant. The phylogenetic tree was divided into 6 clusters, and strains in different sewage plants were in different branches, indicating that their genomes were different and had different sources. Conclusion There are various serotypes of salmonella in domestic sewage in Jining city, suggesting that they might have exist and spread in the population. Almost all strains are multi-drug resistant bacteria, carrying resistance genes extensively. Some types of strains live persistently and distribute across regions, leading to the potential risk to population. It is necessary to carry out continuous monitor, and scientific prevention and control measures need to be formulated to control the epidemic of salmonella and the aggravation of drug resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo analyze the molecular characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella isolates and investigate the contamination of Salmonella in pre-packed cooked meat products during food processing.MethodsAccording to the sampling requirements of the national “Manual for Monitoring the Production and Processing of Cooked Meat Products （Pre-packed）”， 460 environmental and cooked meat samples were collected from a pre-packed cooked meat product factory in Dezhou from 2015 to 2017. Salmonella isolation and identification were performed per the currently effective GB 4789.4—2016 protocol. Salmonella serotypes were determined based on serum agglutination. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis （PFGE） and multilocus sequence typing （MLST） were employed to determine the molecular types of Salmonella isolates. Resistance tests for 15 antibiotics were performed using the broth microdilution susceptibility test.ResultsThe detection rate of Salmonella in 460 samples was 5.65% （26/460）. The detection rate in 2016 was the highest （7.65%， 14/183）， and the difference among samples from different years was not statistically significant （χ2=2.82， P>0.05）. The detection rate in intermediate products was the highest， and the difference among samples from different samples was statistically significant （χ2=64.16， P

ObjectiveTo understand the carrying status and strain characteristics of STEC strains in cattle and beef in the local area， provide scientific basis for evaluating the STEC pollution status， infection risk， prevention and control strategies in the region， the Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli （STEC） in the feces of calves and adult cows and feeding environment in a dairy farm around Chengdu， as well as fresh beef from vegetable markets and supermarkets for three years were continuously monitored.MethodsSTEC using fluorescence quantitative PCR method was identified， and drug sensitivity testing using micro broth dilution method was conducted. After sequencing the entire genome of the isolated strain， the MLST type， strain type， serotyping， and virulence gene information were obtained on the EnteroBase database. The stx subtype information was compared using the Abricate software. Perform cgMLST clustering analysis was used by BioNumerics 7.6 software.ResultsFrom 2019 to 2021， a total of 247 cow manure and environmental samples were collected from dairy farms， and 25 STEC strains were isolated， with a detection rate of 10.12%. 294 fresh beef samples were collected and 32 STECs were isolated， with a detection rate of 10.88%. A total of 57 STEC strains were isolated. The STEC strain had the highest resistance rate to ampicillin， reaching 42.11%（24/57）， followed by cefotaxime and cefazolin at 38.60%（22/57）. Multiple resistant strains accounted for 35.09%（20/57）. A total of 30 serotypes were isolated from 57 STEC strains， among which the serotypes that can cause outbreaks include O26：H11， O103：H25， and O145：H12. Through virulence gene analysis， it was found that subtypes with pathogenic risk included stx2a， stx2c， stx2d， stx2e， stx2g， stx2k， as well as eae-STEC and STEC/ETEC heterozygous strains.ConclusionThe pollution of STEC in cow manure from dairy farms and fresh beef from vegetable markets continued to exist from 2019 to 2021. The detection rate of calf feces was 21.43%， which was higher than that of adult cow feces by 0.91%. The STEC detection rate of fresh beef in vegetable markets is significantly higher than that in supermarkets. The drug resistance of strains isolated from cow manure is more severe than that of strains isolated from beef. Some isolated strains have stronger pathogenicity due to carrying strong virulence genes or other pathogenic related genes.

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children in Suzhou. Methods The invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were systematically collected from Children’s Hospital of Soochow University between 2010 to 2020. The susceptibility of antibiotics was detected with Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and E-test method， and the isolates were serotyped by Quellung reactions. Results A total of 215 invasive pneumococci isolates were collected during the study period，28.4% of which were from children with meningitis. The non-susceptibility rate to penicillin G was 35.9%. The coverage of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine （PCV13） was 93.2%， and the common serotypes were 6B，14，19F， 19A and 23F. In recent years， the non-susceptibility rate of Cefotaxime and Trimethoprimsulphamethoxazole has decreased， and the proportion of serotypes 6B and 14 has decreased significantly， while the proportion of serotypes 19F and 23F has increased significantly. Conclusion The coverage of PCV13 vaccine serotypes was high among the invasive isolates Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children in Suzhou， and the invasive pneumococci were moderately sensitive to penicillin. There were differences in serotypes and antimicrobial resistance between different times and different sources of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the serotype， drug resistance， and molecular typing characteristics of Salmonella isolated from patients with foodborne diseases in Guizhou Province in 2021.MethodsA total of 164 Salmonella strains were isolated from patients with diarrhea under the Guizhou Provincial Active Surveillance of Foodborne Diseases program in 2021. These strains were subjected to slide agglutination serotyping test， minimum inhibitory concentration tests with 14 antibiotics， and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis （PFGE） for molecular typing.ResultsThe 164 Salmonella strains were divided into 25 serotypes. The dominant serotypes were S. typhimurium （46.34%，76/164）， S. enteritidis （15.24%，25/164）， and S. javana （9.15%，15/164）. The drug resistance rate of the 164 Salmonella strains was 100% （164/164）. The multidrug resistance rate was 86.59% （142/164）. Out of the 15 antibiotics tested， resistance was most frequently observed against ampicillin （95.12%，156/164）， tetracycline （78.05%，128/164）， and nalidixic acid （63.41%，104/164）. Seventy-two S. typhimurium， 24 S. enteritidis， and 15 S. javana strains were divided into 58， 12， and 3 different PFGE clusters， respectively.ConclusionThere were many Salmonella serotypes detected in patients with diarrhea in the Guizhou Province， and multidrug resistance was common. PFGE fingerprints demonstrated genetic diversity of the isolated strains. Monitoring of drug resistance in Salmonella should be strengthened， especially for the clinical treatment of S. typhimurium.

ObjectiveTo explore the serotypes， drug-resistance phenotypes， molecular characteristics， and relevance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus （Vp） from aquatic and clinical isolates procured in 2020 from Shaoxing.MethodsA total of 66 aquatic isolates （mainly soft-shelled turtles and spiral shells） and 67 clinical isolates of Vp were collected in 2020 from Shaoxing. Serotype detection was performed using slide agglutination. Drug susceptibility of nine kinds of antibiotics was acquired using the broth microdilution method. Clustering analysis was performed using pulsed field gel electrophoresis （PFGE）.ResultsThe 66 aquatic isolates were divided into 9 serogroups and 35 serotypes. Moreover， O2：K28 was the dominant serotype， accounting for 18.18% （12/66）. The 67 clinical isolates were divided into 4 serogroups and 10 serotypes， and O3：K6 was the dominant serotype， accounting for 47.76% （32/67）. The aquatic isolates were resistant to nine kinds of antibiotics at different degrees， while the clinical isolates were only resistant to ampicillin. The resistance rate of aquatic isolates to ampicillin was 19.70% （13/66）， which was marginally higher than that of clinical isolates （11.94%， 8/67）， with two multidrug-resistant strains. A total of 52 aquatic isolates were divided into 51 band types and 50 band clusters. Moreover， 63 clinical isolates were divided into 32 band types and 17 band clusters. The 115 strains isolated from aquatic and clinical isolates were divided into 83 band types and 67 band clusters.ConclusionThe Vp serogroups in aquatic isolates from soft-shelled turtles and spiral shells in Shaoxing are complex and diverse. The drug resistance of clinical isolates was lower than that of aquatic isolates. The similarity of molecular typing between aquatic isolates and clinical isolates was low， and there was no cross-aggregation. Therefore， the monitoring scope of aquatic products should be further expanded， the source of pollution more accurately determined， and the occurrence of foodborne diseases of Vp caused by aquatic products reduced.

ObjectiveTo investigate the contamination status， serotype distribution and drug resistance of Salmonella in retail poultry in Jiading District， Shanghai.MethodsFour types of poultry （chicken， duck， goose and pigeon） have been sampled from commercial markets. Salmonella contamination has been isolated and identified using serotype analysis. Furthermore， resistance of isolated Salmonella strains towards 16 commonly used antibiotics has been determined.ResultsA total of 60 Salmonella strains were isolated from 80 poultry samples. The detection rates of Salmonella in pigeon， goose， duck and chicken were 86.67%， 81.82%， 72.73% and 59.38%， respectively. Contamination status has been categorized by storage conditions. Lowest detection rate （65.63%） has been noted in poultry samples under refrigeration storage. The majority serotypes of Salmonella have been revealed as Salmonella typhimurium， Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella corvallis. Relatively higher drug resistance was discovered with tetracycline， nalidixic acid， ampicillin and chloramphenicol， with drug resistance rate of 60.00%， 58.33%， 50.00% and 48.33%， respectively. Low drug resistance was revealed with cefotaxime. In addition， these Salmonella strains were completely sensitive to imipenem. Significant difference in drug resistance was identified across the types of poultry or Salmonella serotypes. The 11.67% of Salmonella strains were non-resistant to any tested drugs. Multi-drug resistant strains accounted for 46.67% of isolated strains， which were resistant to 13 different antibiotics. Ampicillin-tetracycline or chloramphenirol-cefazolin drug resistance pattern suggested that the Salmonella strain was multi-drug resistant.ConclusionSalmonella contamination remains high in retail poultry in Jiading District， Shanghai. Drug resistance to antibiotics is increasing. Therefore， monitoring and control of Salmonella should be strengthened.

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ObjectiveTo investigate the serotype， cholera toxin encoding gene （ctxAB） carying rate， antibiotic resistance and molecular typing of Vibrio cholerae in Shaoxing from 2020 to 2021.MethodsSixty-eight strains were isolated from aquatic products and feces of patients with diarrhea from 2020 to 2021， and serologically classified by glass agglutination method. The ctxAB gene was detected by real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction. Microbroth dilution method and pulsed field gel electrophoresis （PFGE） were used for antibiotic sensitivity test and molecular typing of strains， respectively.ResultsOnly three of the 68 strains were O1 serotype Ogawa， and the other 65 strains were non-O1/O139 serogroup. All strains did not detected ctxAB gene. The antibiotic resistance rates to ceftazidime， ceftazidime/avibactam and cotrimoxazole were 45.6%， 38.2% and 36.8%， respectively. All strains were sensitive to tetracycline， tigecycline， azithromycin and amikacin， and 17 strains were resistant to 3 or more antibiotics. PFGE molecular typing of strains digested by Not I showed diversity， and there was a great difference between the aquatic product isolates and the case isolates.ConclusionThe main serogroup of Vibrio cholerae was non-O1/O139 in Shaoxing from 2020 to 2021. The strains did not carry ctxAB gene and were resistant to multiple antibiotics. The molecular characteristics of strains were complex and diverse.

ObjectiveTo understand the serotype distribution and drug resistance of salmonella contaminated in commercially available food.MethodsSalmonella detection， including the serotypes， was conducted in food products sold in Pudong New Area from 2020 to 2022. The antimicrobial susceptibility test of 15 antibiotics was conducted by the broth microassay.ResultsA total of 118 salmonella strains were detected in 2 497 pieces of food， with a total detection rate of 4.7%. The dominant detection categories were poultry meat， livestock meat and aquatic products. The 118 salmonella strains could be divided into 24 serotypes， Salmonella enteritidis （26.4%）， Salmonella Typhimurium （16.2%） and Salmonella delpy （14.4%） were the main dominant types. Salmonella had the highest resistance rate to ampicillin （63.6%）， followed by tetracycline， chloramphenicol， cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid. Among the three dominant serotypes， the multidrug resistance rate of Salmonella typhimurium was the highest （89.5%）， followed by Salmonella delpy （70.6%） and Salmonella enteritidis （61.3%）.ConclusionLivestock， poultry meat， and aquatic products are seriously contaminated by salmonella with diverse serotypes. The livestock meat is mainly contaminated by Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella delpy， and the poultry meat is mainly contaminated by Salmonella enteritidis. The drug resistance spectrum is wide and the multi-drug resistance rate is high. Different from the livestock and aquatic isolates， poultry meat-derived strains have high tolerance to ampicillin， nalidixic acid and polymyxin， and carry certain potential food safety risks.

ObjectiveTo analyze the influencing factors of Salmonella contamination， the serotype distribution and molecular typing of Salmonella isolates in meat products in Yibin city were studied.MethodsA total of 29 Salmonella strains isolated from commercial meat products in Yibin city of from 2015 to 2020 were analyzed by slide agglutination test for serotype and pulsed field gel electrophoresis（PFGE） for molecular subtyping. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was carried out on the effects of geographical distribution， sample source and sales mode on the detection composition of Salmonella serogroup.ResultsFourteen serotypes and 4 serogroups were detected in the Salmonella isolates. The dominant bacteria were Salmonella typhimurium， Salmonella give and Salmonella enteritidis. The PFGE cluster analysis showed 18 genotype. The genotypes of Salmonella enteritidis were highly homologous with similarity index of 100%， indicating the same source. Salmonella typhimurium with 4 genotypes and Salmonella give with 2 genotypes both had lower similarity. Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that the risk factor on serogroup D of Salmonella was geographical distribution （OR=1.053， P

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution and molecular typing characters of Yersinia enterocolitica in food in Wenzhou.MethodsAfter pre-enrichment of samples at 4 ℃， the selective media was used for the isolation and identification of Yersinia enterocolitica from food. The biotype， serotype， virulence genotype， drug resistance and pulsed field gel electrophoresis， （PFGE） molecular typing of the isolated strains were analyzed.ResultsAmong 676 samples in 6 categories， 69 Yersinia enterocolitica strains were isolated from 68 samples， with a positive rate of 10.1% （68/676）. The detection rate of prepared meat products was the highest （20.5%， 9/44）， followed by quick-frozen food （17.2%， 11/64）. Biotype 1A accounted for 95.7% （66/69） of the isolates， and the predominant bioserotype was 1A/O∶5 （29.0%）， followed by 1A/O∶8（14.5%）. 88.4% （61/69） of the strains only harbored ystB gene. Particularly， there was a bioserotype 4/O∶3 strain carried the virulence gene of ail， ystA， yadA and virF. The sensitivity rates of the isolates to 14 kinds of antibiotics were over 94%. Thirty two serotyped strains were divided into 29 PFGE patterns.ConclusionFood was contaminated by Yersinia enterocolitica to some degree in Wenzhou， and the pathogenic strain was detected. The antibiotic resistance rate of Yersinia enterocolitica was at a low level， and PFGE suggested highly genetic polymorphism.

ObjectiveTo investigate the contamination situation， serotype distribution and drug resistance of salmonella in poultry sold in Jiading District， Shanghai.MethodsBetween 2019 and 2020， four types of poultry meat （chicken， duck， goose and pigeon） were sampled from markets， and potential salmonella contamination was isolated and identified via serotyping. Furthermore， resistance detection of isolated salmonella to 13 commonly-used antibiotics was conducted.ResultsA total of 32 salmonella strains were isolated from 156 commercial poultry samples. No salmonella was identified in pigeon samples， while the most severe contamination was detected in goose samples， with a detection rate of 28.00%. Contamination situation was categorized with different storage conditions. The lowest detection rate of 12.90% was noted under cold storage， while the highest rate of 26.67% was detected under frozen condition. The major serotypes of salmonella were Salmonella typhimurium， Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella Argonne. Relatively higher drug resistance was detected with nalidixic acid and tetracycline， with drug resistance rate of 59.38% and 40.63%， respectively. Low drug resistance was detected with cephalosporins， and no drug resistance was detected with imipenem. Significant difference in drug resistance was noted in the serotype of Salmonella isolated from meat of chicken， duck and goose. Three major salmonella strains had different drug resistance. 21.88% （7/32） of salmonella strains were non-resistant to any tested drugs. Multi-drug resistant strains accounted for 31.25% （10/32） of the isolated strains. At most， salmonella was resistant to 11 kinds of different antibiotics.ConclusionThere is a significant difference in the contamination situation and drug resistance of Salmonella isolated from four types of poultry meat sold in Jiading District， Shanghai. It is strongly recommended that different supervision strategies and management upon classification be implemented.

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ObjectiveTo understand the molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance pattern of clinically isolated Salmonella in Shaoxing city from 2017 to 2019.MethodsThe 245 Salmonella strains that were isolated from foodborne disease and diarrhea cases in Shaoxing were collected and serotyped. Broth microdilution method was performed to carry out drug resistance testing. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and BioNumerics V7.1 software were applied to clustering analysis.ResultsThe 245 isolates of Salmonella were composed of sixty serotypes. The predominant serovars were Salmonella typhimurium (32.24%), Salmonella enteritidis (10.20%) and Salmonella london (6.94%). The 225 strains were resistant to 25 antibiotics at different degrees. Among these isolates, higher rates of resistance to ampicillin (77.14%), tetracycline (73.88%) and streptomycin (66.53%) were found and the multiple drug resistance rate reached 76.33%. On the other hand, the predominant serovars were digested with Xba Ⅰ, which contained 48, 11 and 12 different PFGE fingerprints, respectively.ConclusionSalmonella serotypes and PFGE fingerprints were highly diverse. Antibiotic resistance was concentrated in AMP-TET-STR.

ObjectiveThe present study was undertaken to identify the serotypes and drug resistance profiles of Salmonella recovered from diarrheal patients in Anhui Province, and provide evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of foodborne diseases caused by Salmonella.MethodsFrom 2015 to 2020, 980 Salmonella were collected from 16 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Anhui Province. The strains were serotyped, and the drug susceptibility profile was studied by micro-broth dilution method.ResultsNine hundred and eighty Salmonella included 82 serotypes with a predominance of Salmonella enteritidis 31.43% (308/980), Salmonella typhimurium 26.22% (257/980), Salmonella agona 7.35% (72/980), Salmonella thompson 6.63% (65/980) and Salmonella london 3.37% (33/980). The highest resistance were ampicillin (AMP), nalidixin (NAL), tetracycline (TET) and ampicillin/sulbactam (AMS), which were 62.35%, 47.96%, 47.86%, 43.16%, respectively. The resistance rates to AMP, AMS, NAL, cefoxitin (CFX), and azithromycin (AZM) showed a significant upward trend (P

ObjectiveTo study the epidemiological characteristics and drug sensitivity of Salmonella in Huadu District of Guangzhou from January 2016 to December 2020, so as to provide scientific basis for prevention, control, diagnosis and treatment of diseases caused by this kind of pathogens.MethodsSix thousand six hundred and sixty-five fecal samples of diarrhea patients in Huadu District of Guangzhou city from 2016 to 2020 were collected for isolation, identification, serotyping and drug sensitivity test.ResultsA total of 435 Salmonella strains were detected, with a total detection rate of 6.53%. The infection population was mainly infants (0-3 years old), and the sex ratio was male∶female=1.18∶1, which was not statistically significant. The epidemic peak was from May to November. General pediatrics, emergency medicine and gastroenterology were the three clinical departments with the highest positive detection rate. Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella dublin were the dominant strains in the epidemic. Drug sensitivity test showed that the resistance rates of Salmonella to ampicillin, tetracycline, piperacillin and ampicillin/sulbactam were very high. The drug resistance rate of cephalosporins ranged from 17.01% to 22.63%. The resistance rate of quinolones (levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin) increased slightly. The result showed that the dominant strain of Salmonella in this area, Salmonella typhimurium, was less sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics in this study.ConclusionIn the recent 5 years, Salmonella infection in Huadu District of Guangzhou city was on the rise, especially in infants. The drug resistance of Salmonella in this area was relatively strong, especially Salmonella typhimurium. It suggested that the monitoring of the epidemic should be strengthened in this area, and antibiotics be used reasonably in the treatment.

Copyright of Journal Of Sichuan University (Natural Sciences Division) / Sichuan Daxue Xuebao-Ziran Kexueban is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Sichuan University Natural Science Edition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ObjectiveTo analyze the etiological characteristics of strains isolated from Vibrio parahaemolyticus food poisoning incidents occurred in Zibo in 2019.MethodsSerotyping and virulent genes (tlh, tdh, trh)were detected by real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction, antibiotic sensitivity was examined by broth microdilution method and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were applied to Vibrio parahaemolyticus.ResultsThe 9 strains collected from patients were all pandemic O3∶K6, and the virulence genes were tlh+ tdh+ trh-. The 2 strains collected from environmental samples were O8∶K22 and O1∶K32, and the virulence genes were all tlh+ tdh-trh-. All strains were resistant to cefazolin, and partially resistant to ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfametho-xazole. There were 2 strains even showed multiple resistance to these three antibiotics, while all strains were sensitive to the other antibiotics. The PFGE homology from the same incident was high.ConclusionThe strains collected from patients in the 4 incidents were all pandemic O3∶K6 and the virulence genes were tdh+, some of which showed multi-antibiotic resistance, and the isolates from the same outbreak had high homology suggesting that they had been exposed to the same pollution source. The supervision of pollution sources should be strengthened to reduce the occurrence of foodborne diseases.

ObjectiveTo investigate the genomic and virulence characteristics of seven invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) isolates.MethodsBased on the collection of seven iNTS strains, whole genome sequencing were performed. The serotypes, genomes and virulence factors were identified, annotated and analyzed according to the comparison of genome data and relevant databases.ResultsAmong the seven tested iNTS isolates, six were monophasic, including one Salmonella Typhimurium and two Salmonella I 4, [5], 12∶i∶-(ST34 type), two Salmonella Enteritidis, one Salmonella Corvallis and one unknown serotype with the antigenic formulae of I 4, [5], 12∶d∶- (ST279 type). No consistent rule was found in genomic components and relevant parameter differences varies much between different serotypes than those of the same serotype from different sources. The distribution of virulence factors (VF) was significantly different among different Salmonella serotypes, but the common VF characteristics in iNTS strains were not found, though Capsule/Immune evasion, toxin, peritrichous_flagella and Salmochelin may be associated with high invasiveness. All tested isolates contained type III and type VI secretion systems. The number of secretion protein, type III for S. Corvallis and type VI for Salmonella I 4, [5], 12∶d∶-was the highest among the seven isolates. Pseudogenization of the secreted effector SseI may exist among some Salmonella serotypes which may contribute to the enhancement of Salmonella invasiveness.ConclusionThe common characteristic differences of virulence factor between iNTS and gastroenteritis NTS were not observed at the moment, and highly invasive pathogenic mechanisms still require further analysis and research at the functional transcriptome and proteomic levels to determine the genetic basis of iNTS occurrence and transmission.

Copyright of Journal of South China Agricultural University is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To study the serotype distribution and drug resistance of Salmonella isolates from diarrhea cases in Zhongshan City from 2016 to 2017. Methods Serotype of 540 strains of Salmonella spp. was determined from diarrhea cases monitored and isolated in Zhongshan City from 2016 to 2017. Furthermore, broth microdilution method was used for drug sensitivity test. Results 540 Salmonella strains isolated in Zhongshan City from 2016 to 2017 covered 59 serotypes and there were 22 common serotypes. Among them, the dominant serotypes were monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium (41.9%, 226/540), S. Enteritidis (13.1%, 71/540), S. Typhimurium (9.3%, 50/540) and S. Stanley (9.3%, 50/540), accounting for 73.5% (397/540) of the total strains. Drug susceptibility test showed that the resistance rate of Salmonella to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam and tetracycline was higher than 50.0%. However, resistance to cephalosporins varies considerably. The drug resistance rates of cefazolin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and cefoxitin were 34.1% (184/540), 25.7% (139/540), 12.2% (66/540) and 1.5% (8/540), respectively. In addition, all Salmonella strains were sensitive to imipenem, while S. Stanley was sensitive to six antibiotics. The multiple drug resistance rate was 65.4% (353/540). The multidrug resistance rates of the 4 dominant serotypes of monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and S. Stanley were 82.7% (187/226), 56.3% (40/71), 72.0% (36/50) and 16.0% (8/50) respectively. Conclusion Salmonella isolates from diarrhea cases in Zhongshan City show biodiversity. Salmonella has a high rate of multiple drug resistance, among which monophasic variant of S. Typhimurium is the most serious strain, which should be paid attention to.

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The activity of β-glucuronidase produced by Escherichia coli subtypes in bile of patients with primary pigment stone of bile duct was compared, then the predominant serotype of Escherichia coli that caused the formation of pigment stones was explored. Methods: 70 patients with primary pigment stone of bile duct were selected. Bile duct bile were extracted under aseptic condition for bacterial culture during the operation, then made identification of bacteria and drug sensitivity test. Identification of Escherichia coli serotypes in bile by slide agglutination. According to the activity of β-glucuronidase and the reaction rate k of β-glucuronidase with substrate 4-nitrobenzene-β-D-glucoside (PNPG) was in direct proportion and in inverse proportion with OD600 value of reaction system to caculated activity of β-glucuronidase produced by various subtypes of Escherichia coli. Results: A total of 70 cases of bile duct bile specimen were obtained, 61 cases were positive for bacterial culture, the positive rate was 87.14%. A total of 73 strains were obtained, the culture results ranked first for Escherichia coli (34.25%). Amikacin, piperacillin/tazobactam, penem, tegacyclin, cefoperazone/sulbactam were the top five drugs in drug sensitivity test and tetracycline, levofloxacin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, compound xinnuoming were the top five drugs of drug resistance rates. The serotypes of 25 strains of Escherichia coli were identified, a total of 13 serotypes of Escherichia coli were obtained, the top three were O30, O24 and O79. However, the slope k value of time-absorbance curve of Escherichia coli O24 serotype was significantly higher than that of other serotypes, it could be concluded that the activity of β-glucuronidase in Escherichia coli O24 serotype was high by combined with its OD600 value. Conclusion: The most common bacteria in the bile duct bile of patients with primary pigment stone of bile duct is Escherichia coli, its serotypes are O30, O24 and O79 mainly. Among them, the O24 serotype Escherichia coli has a high activity of producing β-glucuronidase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objectives] The aim of this study was to develop a triplex PCR method to detect avian pathogenic Escherichia coli(APEC) O1, O2 and O78 serotypes.[Methods] Three pairs of specific primers were designed according to the specific sequences of APEC O1, O2 and O78. The DNA of APEC O1, O2 and O78 strains were taken as templates. The reaction conditions of this triplex PCR were optimized, the specificity and sensitivity were tested, and the clinical simulate samples were detected.[Results] The results showed that the optimal reaction condition was 25 μL mixture containing 1.5 μL dNTP, 2.5 μL MgCl2 and 0.6 μL Taq DNA polymerase. The optimal primer ratio of O1, O2, O78 was 0.6, 0.2, 0.6 μL, and the optimal annealing temperature was 55.9℃. The results of specificity test showed that there was no cross reaction between three serotypes. 146 Escherichia coli strains of different serotypes were tested by this triplex PCR method and the accuracy rate was 99.32%(145/146). There was no non-specific amplification when using Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis and Bacillus subtilis for specific detection. The triple PCR was highly sensitive. When single serotype of DNA was used as a template, the minimum detectable concentrate of DNA for O1 and O2 serotypes was both 0.1 ng·μL-1, for O78 serotype DNA was 0.02 ng·μL-1. When mixed DNA of O1, O2 and O78 serotypes was taken as a template, the minimum detectable concentrate was 0.05 ng·μL-1. 18 clinical simulation samples were tested with an positive rate of 94.4%(17/18).[Conclusions] A triple PCR method to identify O1, O2 and O78 serotypes of APEC strains was developed in this study. It has high specificity and sensitivity and is promising in rapid clinical detection of avian colibacillosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)