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Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] To identify samples of suspected tumor disease from a local chicken farm in Anhui Province. [Method] The chicken liver was collected and the virus DNA was extracted. The primers were designed according to the sequence of ALV and MDV that GenBank had registered. The ALV env and MDV meq gene were detected by PCR. The amplified sequence was sequenced and analyzed by evolutionary tree and nucleotide homology. [Result] Detected bands of ALV and MD, and sequence alignment results showed that ALV belongs to subgroup J, while MD is a strong wild virus strain. [Conclusion] This study provided reference data for understanding the mixed infection situation of ALV and MDV in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] Porcine CD205, as a receptor specific to porcine dendritic cells (DC), played a key role in the antigen presentation. In this study, nanobodies against porcine CD205 CysR-FN Ⅱ protein were screened by phage display technology, which laid a foundation for the research of porcine CD205-targeted antigen presentation. [Methods] CysR-FN Ⅱ protein of porcine CD205 molecule prepared in the previous research was used for the immunization of alpacas. After subcutaneous immunization for 6 times, peripheral blood lymphocytes of alpaca were collected, their total RNA was extracted and cDNA was obtained by reverse transcription. The gene fragments encoding nanobodies were obtained by PCR amplification, and the porcine CD205 phage display nanobody library was constructed. Bio-spannings were performed by phage display technology and monoclonal colonies were randomly selected to screen specific nanobodies against porcine CD205 CysR-FN Ⅱ protein by Phage-ELISA. [Results] After 4 rounds of bio-spanning, a total of 12 porcine CD205 CysR-FN Ⅱ protein specific nanobodies were selected by Phage-ELISA and sequence analysis with their molecular weight about 17×10³. [Conclusions] This study successfully selected and obtained porcine CD205 CysR-FN Ⅱ protein specific nanobodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the species diversity of the genus Peltula Nyl. in Helan Mountain of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the specimens of the genus Peltula Nyl. collected from Helan Mountain of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were classified by morph-anatomical, chemical and phylogenetic analysis of rDNA-ITS sequences. Two new records for China, Peltula africana (Jatta) Swinscow & Krog and P. impressa (Vain.) Swinscow & Krog, were identified. P. africana was mainly characterized by squamules undulate, 0.3-3.0 mm across, lower cortex cell palisade. P. impressa was mainly recognised by the black new type of soralia on top of the thallus, the hymenium I +, burgundy and about 64 ascospores. The morphological and anatomical characters of these two species were described in details, the differences with similar species were discussed, and the photos of morphological and anatomical structures of the two species were provided. The results enrich basic data for the genus Peltula Nyl. in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the effects of serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 7 (SRSF7) on proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) HepG2 cells and the possible mechanisms. Methods: Differential expression of SRSF7 between HCC and adjacent non-tumor tissues and its relationship with patient prognosis were analyzed online using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Kaplan Meier Plotter. HepG2 cells were cultured routinely and transfected with SRSF7 RNA knockdown sequences (siSRSF7#1 and siSRSF7#2), control sequences (NC), SRSF7 overexpression vector (hSRSF7-oe), and control vector (hSRSF7-nc) using transfection reagents. Accordingly, the cells were divided into NC group, siSRSF7#1 group, siSRSF7#2 group, NC + hSRSF7-nc group, siSRSF7 + hSRSF7-nc group, and siSRSF7 + hSRSF7-oe group. The mRNA and protein expression levels of SRSF7 in each group of cells were detected by qPCR and WB assay. The proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of each group of cells were assessed by MTS assay, plate clone formation assay, scratch assay, and Transwell invasion assay. WB assay was used to detect the expression of JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway related proteins in HepG2 cells of each group. Results: Database analysis showed that SRSF7 mRNA is highly expressed in HCC tissues (P < 0.001), and its high expression is associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients (P < 0.05). Knockdown of SRSF7 significantly reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of HepG2 cells (all P < 0.01). The phosphorylation levels of JAK1 and STAT3 in the SRSF7 knockdown cells were significantly reduced (both P < 0.05), while overexpression of SRSF7 resulted in a significant increase in JAK1 and STAT3 phosphorylation levels (both P < 0.05). Conclusion: SRSF7 is highly expressed in HCC tissues and may promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HepG2 cells by regulating the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to study the genetic and evolutionary characteristics of a novel goose astrovirus (N-GAstV), the full-length genes of Anhui strain AstV/AHHX were cloned in this study, and it was 7 251 nt. Sequencing analysis showed that AstV/AHHX had typical characteristics of N-GAstV. The phylogenetic tree showed that AstV/AHHX was relatively close to GDZJ37 isolates from China, G538 and G576 isolates from Shandong Province in recent years. The homology of ORF2 with GDZJ37, G538 and G576 was 100%, and the homology of ORF1a and ORF1b was more than 99.6%. Presumably they evolved from the same strain. Amino acid sequence analysis of ORF2 revealed 12 highly variable sites. They were the amino acid sites, 36 (Y/S/H), 60 (V/I), 224 (T/A), 228 (A/S/T), 229 (P/Q), 289 (T/A), 376 (T/A), 456 (D/E), 540 (Q/L), 608 (S/T), 610 (E/D/G), 614 (N/A/T). Amino acid mutations at position 224, 228, 229, 608 and 614 may lead to changes in the conformation and function of viral proteins, then the pathogenic ability of the virus was altered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Pseudo response regulators (PRRs) are important genes that regulate the flowering pathway in higher plants. The aim of this study is to clone the NtPRR37 gene from Nicotiana tabacum L. and analyze its response to different photoperiods and its effect on flowering, providing a target gene for tobacco flowering regulation. [Method] We cloned NtPRR37 gene from N. tabacum L. by homologous cloning method. Then we performed bioinformatics analysis, tissue-specific expression analysis, and expression pattern analysis of NtPRR37 gene under different light duration treatments. Concurrently, we used Virus Induced Gene Silence (VIGS) to reduce the expression of NtPRR37 and observed the phenotype and detected the expression changes of flowering-related genes. [Result] The fulllength CDS of NtPRR37 was 2 472 bp, encoded a peptide of 823 amino acids with a relative molecular weight of 90.16 kD. It contained REC and CCT domains, which were typical conserved domains of the PRRs gene family. Through homology evolution analysis, it was found that tobacco NtPRR37 belonged to the same branch as PRR37 from Nicotiana tomentosiformis, Nicotiana sylvestris, and Nicotiana benthamiana in evolution. The quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis showed that, the expressions of NtPRR37 varied in various tissues of N. tabacum L. at full-bloom stage, with the highest expression in pistils and the lowest expression in lateral roots. Under different photoperiod treatments, the expression of NtPRR37 increased with the prolongation of light exposure. In different light duration treatments, the expression of NtPRR37 increased with the extension of light time, with the lowest expression under darkness, and demonstratted circadian rhythmicity. In NtPRR37-silenced plants, the expression of NtPRR37 was significantly downregulated, and the flowering period was advanced, which may be related to the significant upregulation of flowering-related genes (NtFT4, NtAP1, NtCO, NtSOC1). [Conclusion] The expression of NtPRR37 is regulated by the photoperiod, and NtPRR37 acts as a flowering repressor during the flowering process of tobacco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer ranks among the most prevalent and deadliest malignancies worldwide. Despite significant strides in targeted therapies and immunotherapy for lung cancer, curing the disease remains a highly prioritized issue. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), recently discovered RNA molecules characterized by covalently closed loop structures, possess features such as structural stability, sequence conservation, and disease-specific expression. Cutting-edge medical research has linked circRNA dysregulation to the progression of various cancers. Among these, circular RNA HIPK3 (circHIPK3), an oncogenic gene primarily derived from the second exon of the HIPK3 gene, has emerged as a focal point of investigation. Increasing evidences suggest that circHIPK3 is involved in the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and other malignancies. Aberrant expression of circHIPK3 is closely associated with the disease mechanisms, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of NSCLC. This review discusses the latest research advancements on circHIPK3 in NSCLC, aiming to promote precise diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer accounts for the highest proportion of cancer deaths in the world and poses a great threat to human health. About 30% to 40% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is caused by point mutations, exon insertion and exon deletion of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In addition to the common exon 19 deletion mutation and exon 21 L858R mutation, exon 18 G719X mutation, exon 21 L861Q mutation and exon 20 S768I mutation are the most important rare mutations. At present, the diagnostic methods for major rare mutations are mainly next-generation sequencing (NGS), digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR), droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), etc. Regarding the targeted therapy of G719X/L861Q/S768I mutant NSCLC, the first generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have poor efficacy, while the second and third generation EGFR-TKIs have similar efficacy. The novel third generation EGFR-TKIs and combination therapy show a good therapeutic prospect. This article summarized the progress in the diagnosis and targeted therapy of G719X/L861Q/S768I mutant NSCLC, so as to provide reference for subsequent clinical drug use and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy is the property of Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy is the property of Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective Summarize the clinical and genetic characteristics of atypical Rett syndrome and developmental epileptic encephalopathy caused by IQSEC2 gene variation. Methods and Results From May 2020 to April 2022, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital diagnosed and treated 4 children with atypical Rett syndrome and developmental epileptic encephalopathy caused by IQSEC2 gene variation, including 2 males and 2 females were a pair of identical twins. They all had comprehensive developmental delay before onset. At the age of 2 years, all cases gradually exhibited clinical manifestations of atypical Rett syndrome, such as frequent clapping, biting, sleep disorders (increased sleep or difficulty falling asleep), and grinding teeth, followed by developmental regression and seizures. The initial age of epilepsy was from 2 years and 2 months to 2 years and 10 months. All cases started with generalized tonic-clonic seizure, with epileptic spasm occurring between 2 and 11 months of course. Case 2, Case 3 and Case 4 were also accompanied by focal seizures. Four cases with VEEG background of 4-6 Hz θ wave, the VEEG during the interictal phase was a broad multifocal sharp slow complex wave. In Case 2, Case 3 and Case 4, MRI was abnormal, mainly with increased depth of cerebral hemispheric sulcus and gyrus. The whole exome sequencing suggested pathogenicity and possible pathogenic variations in the IQSEC2 gene, Case 1 and Case 2 were frameshift mutations of c. 608dup (p. Gln204Profs*35), while Case 3 and Case 4 were nonsense mutations of c.2231C>A (p.Ser744Ter) and c.2521C>T (p. Gln841Ter), respectively. The four mutation sites have not been reported domestically or internationally. All cases received treatment with multiple antiepileptic seizure medicine. The last follow-up age was from 4 years and 3 months to 6 years and 3 months. All cases were unable to walk alone and had no active language. There were no seizures in Case 1 for 3 years, occasional seizures in Case 2 and Case 4, and frequent seizures in Case 3. Conclusions IQSEC2 gene variation can manifest as atypical Rett syndrome, which can be accompanied by refractory epileptic spasms. Both males and females have severe phenotypes, and the severity of clinical phenotypes at the same mutation site varies. Our report enriches the variation spectrum and clinical phenotype spectrum of the IQSEC2 gene, expands the genetic spectrum of Rett syndrome and developmental epileptic encephalopathy, and provides value for the clinical diagnosis, treatment and subsequent research of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo analyze the whole-genome characteristics of four coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5) strains isolated in Yunnan province, China in 2022. MethodsPrimers were designed to amplify and sequence the whole genome of CVB5 isolates. The whole genome was amplified in segments, and sequenced using the "primer walking" method. Sequence splicing and assembly were performed. Genetic characteristics of the CVB5 strains were analyzed using software such as MEGA 7.0, Simplot 3.5.1, and DNAStar 7.1. ResultsBased on VP1 and whole-genome phylogenetic analysis, all four CVB5 isolates belonged to genotype C. Compared with the prototype strain, multiple amino acid mutations occurred in the VP1 region of the four strains. Phylogenetic analysis of P1, P2, and P3 regions and Simplot recombination analysis showed that the CVB5 isolates in this study may have undergone recombination with multiple enterovirus B strains. ConclusionThe four CVB5 strains isolated from clinical samples of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) patients in Kunming, Yunnan province in 2022 all belonged to genotype C.

The experiment aims to screen for strains with efficient cellulose-degrading capabilities to degrade the crude fiber content of dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS), providing high-quality strains for the efficient resource utilization of corn DDGS. The experiment used the plate separation method to isolate a strain Q1 with cellulose-degrading ability from rural honey, and identified Q1 as Bacillus velezensis through morphological observation and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Using corn DDGS as the raw material and the cellulose degradation rate as the index, the experiment investigated the effects of inoculum amount, liquid-to-solid ratio, and fermentation time on the crude fiber degradation rate through single-factor experiments. On the basis of single-factor experiments, the response surface method was used to optimize each factor. The results showed that the optimal fermentation conditions were an inoculum amount of 4.8%, a liquid-to-solid ratio of 0.5 mL/g, and a fermentation time of 75 hours, with a crude fiber degradation rate of 28.31% after fermentation. Moreover, the crude protein and ash content in the fermented corn DDGS were significantly higher than before fermentation (P<0.05), and the crude fiber content was significantly lower than before fermentation (P<0.05). The study indicates that strain Q1 has good cellulose-degrading capabilities and can improve the degradation rate of crude fiber in corn DDGS, providing a reference for increasing the use of corn DDGS in feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the molecular characteristics of the whole VP1 gene region of coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) isolated from children with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in 2022 from a hospital in Kunming, Yunnan. Methods Two hundreds fecal specimens of HFMD clinical samples from 2022 in a hospital in kunming, were processed and isolated by RD cells and Vero cells, respectively, and viral nucleic acids were extracted from the cell cultures that still produced cytopathogenic effect (CPE) after three times of incubation, then amplified and sequenced by RT- PCR using universal primers 222/224, and sequenced, and the sequences were compared by BLAST to determine the serotypes, and then the full VP1 region of CVA16 was amplified with specific primers CA16VP1F/CA16VP1R, then sequenced and spliced. The standard sequences of CVA16 virus were downloaded, and the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the whole VP1 region of CVA16 in this study were analyzed using software such as Geneious 5.4.1 and Mega 6.05. Results 22 strains of CVA16 isolated from Vero cells and 6 strains isolated from RD cells were detected by RT-PCR using universal primers, and the available sequences of 21 strains of full-length CVA16 VP1 region were further amplified by the specific primers of CVA16, and the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the 21 strains of full-length CVA16 VP1 genes were highly homologous to each other, with 91.9%～99.6% and 89.2%～99.3%, respectively. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence homology with other strains of the chinese B1a genotype ranged from 89.7%～96.3% and 94.6%～99.0%, respectively; and nucleotide and amino acid sequence homology was in the range of 84.3%～87.2% and 89.2%～97.0%, respectively, when compared with the other reference strains of B1b. The phylogenetic analysis showed that all 21 CVA16 strains belonged to the B1a genotype. The 21 mutations were found by compared with that of other B1a strains. Conclusions The CVA16 strain that caused HFMD in a hospital in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China in 2022 belongs to the B1a genotype. Surveillance should be continued to clarify its epidemiological characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The process of spermatogenesis is complex involving multiple regulatory mechanisms and requiring complex interactions between germ cells and somatic cells. The mechanisms of Sertoli cells involving in spermatogenesis remain to be explored. Methods We collected single-cell RNA sequencing data from a high-throughput gene expression database (GEO: GSE113293) from wild-type C57BIL6J male mice with normal spermatogenesis and four different mutant mouse strains (knockout Mlh3, Hormadl, and Cul4a; Cnp transgene). Then bioinformatics analyses such as gene function enrichment analysis (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enriched pathway analysis, protein- protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, transcription factor regulation analysis (SCENIC), and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) on the Sertoli cells were further indentified. Results We identified nine subtypes of spermatogenic cell clusters (undiferentiated spermatogonia, diferentiating sperrmatogonia, leptotene/zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, round sperrmatids, elongating spermatids, and spermatozoa), and two types of somatic cell clusters (Leydig cells, and Sertoli cells), and one unknown type of cell cluster. Compared to the normal spermatogenesis model, 276 genes were upregulated and 234 genes were downregulated in the Sertoli cells of the mouse spermatogenesis defect model. GO analysis showed that differential genes in Sertoli cells were significantly enriched in spermatogenesis and energy metabolism. KEGG enrichment analyses showed that the homogeneous ribosomal pathway, glycolytic pathway, and oxidative phosphorylation pathway were significantly enriched in Sertoli cells. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of diferentially expressed genes identified 20 hub genes, all of which belonged to ribosomal genes, and GSVA analysis revealed that the upregulated genes in Sertoli cells were closely related to the Notch signaling pathway. Conclusion The hub genes and the Notch signaling pathway in Sertoli cells are involved in the process of spermatogenesis. This study provides new perspectives on infertility caused by spermatogenesis dis orders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The study aimed to identify the species of the pathogen of Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A. C. Smith, screen out suitable fungicides, and provide theoretical basis for the identification and field prevention of the pathogen of K. coccinea. [Method] The pathogen of K. coccinea leaves collected from Yunfu, Guangdong province were isolated by tissue block separation method, which was determined based on Koch's postulates and was identified by morphology and molecular biology. The mycelial growth rate method was used for biological testing, as well as indoor toxicity of different fungicides to K. coccinea. [Result] By isolating and purifying the diseased leaves, a total of 6 strains were obtained. And representative strain Al was selected for morphological identification and ITS sequence analysis. The pathogen of K. coccinea was identified as Colletotrichum sp.. Through biological testing of strain Al, it was determined that the most suitable growth medium was PDA medium, the most suitable temperature for mycelial growth was 28 °C, the lethal temperature was 53 °C for 10 minutes, the optimal pH for mycelium growth was 6.0, the optimal lighting conditions were continuous darkness, the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources for this mycelium were maltose and yeast powder. Among the four tested fungicides of thiram, bromoxynil, carbendazim and azoxystrobin, carbendazim had the best inhibitory effect, with an EC50 value of 0. 14 µg/mL.. Followed by thiram and bromoxynil, with EC50 values of 55. 26 and 55.32 µg/ml., respectively, indicating that they had better inhibitory that effect. The EC50 value of azoxystrobin was 791.95 µg/mL, with a range of 100-1000 µg/mL., and the antibacterial effect was not significant. [Conclusion] The results show that Colletotrichum sp. is the pathogen of Kadsura coccinea collected from Yunfu, Guangdong province. Carbendazim, thiram and bromoxynil could be used as candidate field control agents for the pathogen of K. coccinea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effects of pristimerin (Pris) on the proliferation, apoptosis and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) of cervical cancer HeLa cells by regulating the Shh/Gli1 signaling pathway. Methods: MTT method was used to detect the inhibitory effects of Pris in different concentrations on the proliferation of cervical-cancer HeLa cells to select appropriate intervention concentration. Cervical cancer HeLa cells were grouped into the control group, the cyclopamine group, the Pris group, the Pris+pc-NC group and the Pris+pc-Shh group. MTT and EdU were applied to detect the proliferation abilities of cells in each group. Transwell chamber method and flow cytometry were used to detect cell migration and invasion abilities and cell apoptosis rate. In vitro angiogenesis experiments were used to observe the formation of VM. qPCR was used to detect Shh and Gli1 mRNA expression levels in each group. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), Ki-67, caspase-3, and proteins related to the Shh/Gli1 signaling pathway. Results: 0.25-2.5 mol/L Pris significantly inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells, and 1.5 mol/L was selected for subsequent experiments. The cells in the control group formed a good lumen structure. Compared with the control group, the lumen structures of HeLa cells in the cyclopamine group, the Pris group and the Pris+pc-NC group were significantly damaged. Cell proliferation activity, proliferation rate, numbers of migration and invasion, expression levels of Shh and Gli1 mRNA, and expression levels of VEGF-A, VE-cadherin, Ki-67, Shh and Gli1 proteins were significantly decreased (all P<0.05). The apoptosis rate and the expression level of caspase-3 were significantly increased (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in HeLa cell detection indicators between the cyclopamine group and the Pris group (all P>0.05). Compared with the Pris+pc-NC group, the formation of cell lumen structure in the Pris+pc-Shh group was significantly improved. The cell proliferation activity and proliferation rate, the numbers of migration and invasion cells, the expressions of Shh and Gli1 mRNA, and the expressions of VEGF-A, VE-cadherin, Ki-67, Shh and Gli1 proteins were significantly increased (all P<0.05). The apoptosis rate and the expression level of caspase-3 were significantly decreased (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Pris can inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion and VM formation of cervical cancer HeLa cells, and promote cell apoptosis, which may be related to blocking the Shh/Gli1 signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] In recent years, with the expansion of the cultivation area of flowering Chinese cabbage and the emergence of repeated cropping, soft rot diseases are increasing year by year, among which soft rot bacterial is one of the main diseases that harm the yield and quality of flowering Chinese cabbage severely. The study aims to evaluate the resistance of different varieties of flowering Chinese cabbage to soft rot disease in order to screen disease-resistant varieties. [Method] Samples of flowering Chinese cabbage with typical soft rot symptoms were collected, and the soft rot pathogens were identified by tissue isolation, morphology and molecular biology methods. Fifty-two different varieties of flowering Chinese cabbage were used as experimental materials, and the spray inoculation method was used for inoculation during seedling period: two edges of about 5 mm were lightly scratched on the stem of flowering Chinese cabbage with a blade, and 1×108 CFU/mL bacterial solution was sprayed onto the wound surface with a small hand-held sprayer. The disease index and soft rot grading were measured 3 d after the inoculation, and the resistance level of 52 flowering Chinese cabbage varieties was evaluated. [Result] The isolates were obtained by tissue isolation. The colony morphological characteristics verified by Koch’s rule and 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that the strain was a pathogenic bacterium caused by soft rot, and the colonies formed on NA medium were circular, translucent, milky white, with a central protrusion and smooth edges, which could make the tissues of flowering Chinese cabbage rotten, and the leaves showed wet rot and wilting symptoms after inoculation in flowering Chinese cabbage seedlings. Among the 52 materials, There were significant differences in the resistance of most varieties of flowering Chinese cabbage to soft rot. Among the 52 materials, 35 were highly susceptible, 16 were susceptible, 1 was intermediate resistant, and no variety showed high resistance or immunization. In general, susceptible varieties accounted for 98.1%. The results showed that there was a lack of resistant materials among the 52 flowering Chinese cabbage varieties, which may be one of the reasons for the serious incidence of soft rot in Guangdong Province. [Conclusion] Among the 52 flowering Chinese cabbage varieties, highly susceptible and susceptible varieties accounted for 98.1%, 1 was intermediate resistant, and no variety showed high resistance or immunization. The results could provide a scientific basis for the selection and promotion of flowering Chinese cabbage varieties resistant to soft rot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The purpose of the experiment was to explore the virus species of Rhizoctonia solani AG-Bb fusion subgroup in Yun- nan, screen for fungal viruses that could effectively reduce the pathogenicity of R. solani, and provided biocontrol virus resources for the prevention and control of R. solani. (Method) Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to detect the virus species in R. solani AG-Bb fusion subgroup strains 8-Q-36, 2-R-11 and 2-Q-13, and identif viruses that could reduce host pathogenicity by the ribavirin high-temperature tip detoxification method. [Result] The results of sequence analysis of strains 8-Q-36, 2-R-11 and 2-Q-13 were compared to six mycoviridae, Partitiviridae, Endornaviridae, Fusariviridae, Mitoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, Totiviridae, and some unclassified viruses. Compared with the original strain 8-Q-36, the colony morphology of the detoxified strain 8-Q-36-1 was more fluffy, the sclerotia exhibited obvious pigmentation, and the pathogenicity was significantly enhanced. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) extraction and detection showed that the largest 10 kb dsRNA deletion in the detoxified strain 8-Q-36-1, which led to the determination that the dsRNA could reduce host pathogenicity. After NC- BI comparison, it was found that part of the sequence of the dsRNA was RdRp sequence, and it had homology with the RdRp sequence of the endosomic viridae family, and the identity with the sequence of RsEV6, the virus with the highest similarity, was 56.02%, so the isolate of strain 8-Q-36 might be a new virus, tentatively named RsEV11. [Conclusion] The 8-Q-36, 2-R-11 and 2-Q-13 strains of R. solani AG-Bb fusion subgroup have rich viral diversity, among which biocontrol virus isolates capable of reducing the pathogenicity of R. solani are present in strain 8-Q-36. In the study, fungal virus with biocontrol value are indentified for the first time in the genus Ceratobasidium spp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest incidence and mortality rate worldwide. For lung adenocarcinoma, identifying specific gene mutations, fusions, and giving corresponding targeted drugs can greatly improve the survival time of the patients. Among them, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion occurs in 3%-7% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In clinical practice, a variety of detection methods can be used to determine the ALK fusion status, but false negative test results are possible. This paper retrospectively analyzed the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with lung adenocarcinoma, judged the ALK fusion status by various detection methods. Among them, immunohistochemistry (IHC)(Ventana D5F3), RNA based next-generation sequencing (RNA-based NGS) confirmed positive echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4 (EML4)-ALK fusion, while DNA-based NGS was negative. This paper analyzed the detection methods of ALK fusion, in order to clarify which detection method is the most accurate and simple to choose in different clinical cases and guide the subsequent treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, of which non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the majority. The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has greatly changed the treatment strategy of NSCLC and improved the prognosis of patients. However, in reality, only a small number of patients can achieve long-term benefit. Therefore, the identification of reliable predictive biomarkers is essential for the selection of treatment modalities. With the development of molecular biology and genome sequencing technology in recent years, as well as the in-depth understanding of tumor and its host immune microenvironment, research on biomarkers has emerged in an endless stream. This review focuses on the predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy efficacy in NSCLC, in order to provide some guidance for precision immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The immune microenvironment plays a key role in the development and progression of tumors. In recent years, with the rapid advancement of high-throughput sequencing technologies, researchers have gained a deeper understanding of the composition and function of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. However, traditional bulk sequencing technologies are limited in resolving heterogeneity at the single-cell level, constraining a comprehensive understanding of the complexity of the tumor microenvironment. The advent of single-cell RNA sequencing technology has brought new opportunities to uncover the heterogeneity of the immune microenvironment in lung cancer. Currently, T-cell-centered immunotherapy in clinical settings is prone to side effects affecting prognosis, such as immunogenic drug resistance or immunerelated pneumonia, with the key factor being changes in the interactions between immune cells and tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment. Single-cell RNA sequencing technology can reveal the origins and functions of different subgroups within the tumor microenvironment from perspectives such as intercellular interactions and pseudotime analysis, thereby discovering new cell subgroups or novel biomarkers, providing new avenues for uncovering resistance to immunotherapy and monitoring therapeutic efficacy. This review comprehensively discusses the newest research techniques and advancements in single-cell RNA sequencing technology for unveiling the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment after lung cancer immunotherapy, offering insights for enhancing the precision and personalization of immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in diagnosis and treatment of intracranial infection. Methods A retrospective analysis of 117 patients with intracranial infection were admitted to Shenzhen Second People's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022. Before initiating empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment, CSF samples were collected for microbial culture (conventional culture group, n = 58) and/or mNGS (mNGS group, n = 59). The results were used to adjust the antibiotic treatment plan, and the study compared the pathogen detection rates and result reporting times of the two testing methods, as well as the antibiotic intensity grading, the intensive care unit (ICU) stay, total hospital stay, and mortality rate. Results A total of 65 pathogens were detected from the CSF samples of all the patients through microbial culture and/or mNGS, with viruses being the most prevalent, accounting for 49.23% (32/65), followed by Gram-negative bacteria (24.62%, 16/65), Gram-positive bacteria (18.46%, 12/65) and fungi (7.69%, 5/65). The pathogen detection rate of CSF mNGS was higher than that of CSF microbial culture (χ² = 22.781, P = 0.000), and the results were reported earlier (t = - 32.588, P = 0.000). Based on the results, 20 cases (33.90%) in the mNGS group adjusted antibiotic treatment plan, with 5 cases downgrading and 15 cases upgrading the intensity of antibiotic application. In the conventional culture group, 30 cases (51.72%) adjusted their antibiotic treatment plan, with 17 cases downgrading and 13 cases upgrading the intensity of antibiotic application. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups (Z = -1.917, P = 0.055). And there was no statistically significant difference in ICU stay (Z = -0.716, P = 0.474), total hospital stay (Z = -0.933, P = 0.351) and mortality rate (Fisher's exact probability: P = 0.496) between the 2 groups. Conclusions The application of mNGS can effectively improve the detection rate of intracranial infection pathogens, which may shorten the duration of antibiotic use and reduce the intensity of broad-spectrum antibiotics, so as to help clinical effective judgment and treatment decision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the efficacy of cluster therapy in the treatment of severe intracranial infection. Methods The clinical data of 43 patients with severe intracranial infection in Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen Second People's Hospital from July 2020 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with intracranial infection were treated with cluster therapy: systemic broad-spectrum antibiotics were used at first; cerebrospinal fluid was obtained by multiple drainage routes for routine and biochemical testing, and then cultured and undertook next-generation sequencing (NGS); head/chest CT and brain MRI plain and enhanced scan were performed; after the NGS results were reported, precisely adjust the drug treatment according to the infection pathogen; sequentially use different drainage protocols of infected cerebrospinal fluid. Patients with severe intraventricular inflammation were treated with ventriculoscope (flexible endoscope) irrigation and fistula; cerebrospinal fluid, microbial culture and whole blood test for infection indicators were regularly extracted for laboratory test, and the type and dosage of antibiotics were adjusted one week after the indicators returned to normal, and the treatment effect of patients was judged comprehensively according to blood, cerebrospinal fluid, imaging results and clinical signs of infection. Results Sixteen patients were administered a broad - spectrum antibiotic regimen consisting of meropenem and vancomycin. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed that 12 cases (27.91%) were culture-positive for microbial organisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses), while 35 cases (81.40%) yielded positive results in NGS. Upon identification of the pathogen via NGS, 15 cases were switched to targeted, sensitive antibiotics, with 12 cases exhibiting notable improvements in symptoms, and 3 cases demonstrating no significant changes. A total of 27 patients (62.79%) underwent surgical intervention, including 7 patients (16.28%) who underwent abscess puncture drainage, 6 patients (13.95%) who received Ommaya sac implantation, 11 patients (25.58%) who underwent external ventricular drainage (8 of whom also underwent ventriculoscopic irrigation and ventriculostomy), and 3 patients (6.98%) who were treated with lumbocisterna drainage. The length of hospitalization was 30 (19, 57) d. The 37 cases (86.05%) were successfully cured, while 6 cases (13.95%) died. Conclusions The cure rate of patients with severe intracranial infection was significantly improved after cluster therapy, and early initiation of cluster therapy can significantly improve the prognosis of patients, which is worthy of clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer is the most common malignant disease and the leading cause of cancer death in China. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for over 80% of all lung cancers, and the probability of NSCLC gene mutations is high, with a wide variety of types. With the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) detection technology, more and more patients with rare fusion gene mutations are detected. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) gene is a rare oncogenic driver that can lead to activation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (Her3/ErbB3) mediated pathway, resulting in tumor formation. In this article, we reported a case of mixed NSCLC with CRISPLD2-NRG1 fusion detected by RNA-based NGS, who responsed to Afatinib well after 1 month of treatment, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed shrinkage of intracranial lesions. Meanwhile, we also compiled previously reported NSCLC patients with NRG1 rare gene fusion mutation, in order to provide effective references for clinical diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The razor clam (Sinonovacula constricta) is an economically important species and one of China´s four traditional mariculture mollusks. The ABC transporter family is one of the oldest membrane protein families, widespread across prokaryotes and eukaryotes. By utilizing the energy released by ATP hydrolysis, ABC transporters function to transfer amino acids, lipids, antibiotics, and many other substances across membranes, thereby participating in various physiological processes such as nutrition uptake, antigen presentation, drug excretion, and lipid homeostasis in living organisms. ABC transporters can be classified as full transporters, which contain two nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) and two transmembrane domains (TMDs), a half-transporter (composed of one NBD and one TMD), and a non-transporter (composed of either two NBDs or two TMDs incapable of transporting). The NBD domain is responsible for binding and hydrolyzing ATP, whereas the TMD domain determines substrate specificity. NBD domain sequences are relatively more conserved. Several investigations of heavy metal pollution were conducted in mollusk culture areas, and it was found that the concentrations of some ions exceeded the limits. Previous studies have reported that the multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) mechanism in bivalves is mediated by ABC transporters from the ABCB, ABCC, and ABCG subfamilies, which are important for the cellular efflux of noxious metallic ions. Obtaining a greater understanding of ABC transporters may contribute to the development of a healthier and more scientific method of mollusk culture. Until now, the identification of the ABC transporter family in mollusks has only been systematically performed in three bivalves: Patinopecten yessoensis, Chlamys farreri, and Crassostrea gigas. The analysis and expression pattern of the ABC transporter family of the razor clam have not yet been reported. To systematically study ABC transporters and facilitate an understanding of the evolution and function of ABC transporters in razor clams and mollusks, depending on the genome and transcriptome data, 52 ABC transporter proteins were identified using the local and NCBI BLASTP, TBLASTN programs, and the ExPASy website. The SMART(simple modular architecture research tool) website and FGENESH+ were used to further predict the domain of ABC transporters. After applying the local BLASTN program to the published genome data of the razor clam, the MapInspect software and the CSDS (gene structure display server) website were used to generate graphical representation of the locations of ABC transporter genes on chromosomes and gene structures, respectively. Six vertebrates (Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Xenopus laevis, Carassius auratus, Danio rerio, and Petromyzon marinus) and seven invertebrates (Diaphorina citri, Tetranychus urticae, Zeugodacus cucurbitae, Patinopecten yessoensis, Chlamys farreri, Crassostrea gigas, and Sinonovacula constricta) were chosen to compare and discuss the differences in subfamilies among species of various evolutionary status. Using the Mev 4.90 software, based on transcriptome data, the heat map of ABC transporter genes expression levels in eight tissues (gill, foot, adductor muscle, hepatopancreas, mantle, siphon, female gonad, and male gonad) and eight development stages (egg, cell, blastula, gastrula, trochophora, d-shaped larvae, umbo larvae, and spat) of the razor clam was completed. Based on sequence similarity, MEGA X software was used to divide the 52 ABC transporters into eight subfamilies, namely ABCA~ABCH, and phylogenetic trees of ABC transporters from four bivalves were drawn. The total of 52 ABC transporter genes was divided into 7 ABCA, 10 ABCB, 13 ABCC, 3 ABCD, 1 ABCE, 3 ABCF, 14 ABCG, and 1 ABCH. The ORF lengths of these genes ranged in size from 1 588 to 7 224 bp, the number of exons ranged from 8 to 44, and the deduced proteins were between 455 and 4 560 amino acids in length. Based on the composition of the protein domain, 52 ABC transporters could be divided into 24 full transporters, 24 half transporters, and four non-transporters. The ABCA subfamily consisted of 1 ABCA1, 2 ABCA2, 2 ABCA3, 1 ABCA5, and 1 ABCA12, all of which were full transporters. The ABCB subfamily consisted of four complete transporters, namely ABCB1a~ABCB1d, and six half transporters, namely ABCB6~ABCB9 and ABCB10a~ABCB10b. The ABCC subfamily comprised 7 ABCC1, 1 ABCC4, 3 ABCC5, 1 ABCC8, and 1 ABCC10, all of which were full transporters. The ABCD subfamily included ABCD2~ABCD4, all of which were half transporters. Non-transporters were observed in the ABCE and ABCF subfamilies, namely ABCE1 and ABCF1~ABCF3. The ABCG subfamily, consisting of 8 ABCG1, 1 ABCG2, 4 ABCG5, and 1 ABCG8, was the largest subfamily and its members were all half transporters. The ABCH subfamily contained only one member, ABCH1, which was a half-transporter. The comparison of ABC subfamilies between different species revealed that tandem duplication events might have resulted in an increase in the numbers of several ABC transporter genes during molluscan evolution and that some genes with functions related to immunity, such as ABCB1 and ABCC5, had multiple copies, indicating a positive influence on the environmental adaptation of mollusks. The analysis of the expression level of ABC transporter genes in different tissues and developmental stages of razor clam showed that the gill and hepatopancreas have relatively more expressed genes, which may be because of their detoxification function. The expression of ABCA and ABCG subfamily genes increased with razor clam development, and the expression levels of many ABCC and ABCG subfamily genes peaked in the spat stage. In general, several members of the ABCB subfamily, as well as all ABCE and ABCF subfamily genes, remained highly expressed in all eight tissues and all eight development stages. The ABC transporter gene family has only been investigated in three species of mollusks. Systematic identification and expression pattern analysis of ABC transporters in razor clams can promote our understanding of the evolution of ABC transporters in mollusks and provide an essential foundation for functional research on ABC transporters in mollusks, which may contribute to healthier mollusk culture.

Background and objective Tumor microenvironment (TME) is one of the important factors in tumorigenesis and progression, in which tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression. However, the mechanism of TAMs in NSCLC progression remains unclear, so this study aimed to investigate the role of TAMs in NSCLC progression and to find potential therapeutic targets. Methods Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database was used to analyze the expression of prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4) mRNA in NSCLC and normal lung tissues; the protein expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), EP4, cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86), CD163 and CD31 were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 120 NSCLC tissues and 24 paracancerous tissues specimens. The nude mouse lung adenocarcinoma cell A549 and macrophage RAW264.7 co-transplanted tumor model was established. And the samples were collected by gavage with EP4 inhibitor E7046, and then stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE), IHC, and immunofluorescence (IF), and then detected by Western blot for the epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of the tumor tissues of the nude mice in each group. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of EMT related protiens in each group of nude mice; full-length transcriptome sequencing was used to screen the key genes causing liver metastasis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was performed. Results EP4 mRNA expression level in NSCLC tissues was generally lower than that in normal lung tissues (P<0.05); COX-2, EP4, CD163, CD31 proteins were differentially expressed in NSCLC tissues and adjacent tissues, and differences were observed in many clinicopathological parameters of NSCLC patients; RAW264.7 shortened the latency period of tumorigenesis of A549 and promoted the proliferation of tumors and liver metastasis of tumors, and E7046 could reduce tumor cell proliferation activity, tumor tissue vascular density and M2-type macrophage infiltration in nude mice; IF staining showed that macrophages were mainly distributed around the metastatic foci of tumors; Western blot results showed that compared with A549 alone transplantation group, the relative expression of E-cadherin protein in tumor tissues of mice in A549 and RAW264.7 co-transplantation group was significantly decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), while the relative expression of N-cadherin protein was up-regulated, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05); the main pathways enriched in the differential genes of the full-length transcriptome were the PI3K-AKT and MAPK signaling pathways. Conclusion During NSCLC development, the COX-2/PGE2/EP4 axis may promote tumor progression by inducing macrophage functional activation, and EP4 may be a potential new target for tumor immunotherapy. This study provides new perspectives and ideas for in-depth exploration of the mechanisms of NSCLC development, as well as a theoretical basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies for NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective To analyze the characteristics of envelope protein (envelope, E) gene in dengue fever cases in Hubei Province from 2014 to 2023 and to trace the biological origin. Methods Serum samples of suspected dengue fever cases were collected, and nucleic acid detection and serum typing were carried out. Nucleic acid positive samples were amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced, and the gene sequences were obtained and analyzed by MEGA11.0 software. Results A total of 78 dengue nucleic acid positive cases were detected in Hubei Province from 2014 to 2023, and the E gene sequence of dengue virus (DENV) was successfully obtained in 44 samples, including 39 cases of serum type I (DENV- I ) and 5 cases of serum type H (DENV- H). Evolutionary analysis showed that 37 cases of DENV- I were of gene type I (G I ), distributed in three different branches, mainly close to the epidemic strains of Southeast Asian countries such as Guangzhou, Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, and Myanmar, 2 cases were of gene type V (G V) were close to the epidemic strains of Guangzhou and India, and 5 cases of DENV- H were of mixed type (Cosmopolitan type). Conclusion There is multitype dengue virus infection in Hubei Province from 2014 to 2023. The main epidemic strain is GI subtype of DENV-I, which is closely related to Guangzhou, China, and Southeast Asian countries. It is suggested that Hubei Province strengthen the prevention and control of cross -provincial and cross -border transmission of dengue fever and guard against the occurrence of severe dengue and death cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPK or CPK) are widely involved in plant growth and development and environmental stress response. To explore their roles involved in Haematococcus pluvialis growth, development and astaxanthin accumulation, HpCDPK gene family was identified and analyzed. [Method] Bioinformatics tools were used to identify the HpCDPK gene family members, and to analyze the physical and chemical properties, phylogenetic evolution, conserved motifs and functional domains of the encoded proteins, as well as the gene expression profiles under nitrogen deficiency stress. [Result] The results showed that seven members of HpCDPK gene family were identified, and all HpCDPK proteins contained typical EF-hand motifs and protein kinase domains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these HpCDPKs clustered with the CrCDPKs from Chlamydomonas reinhartii and separated from the AtCDPKs of Arabidopsis thaliana, suggesting that species-specific gene replication occurred in the process of evolution. Transcriptome data analysis showed that HpCDPK gene expression was induced by a variety of stresses, among which the transcription level of HpCDPK7 gene was most significantly up-regulated under nitrogen deficiency. In addition, the analysis of the correlation between HpCDPK and the expression of genes related to carotenoid synthesis showed that HpCDPK was closely related to the expressions of genes relevant to several carotenoid synthesis in H. pluvialis, especially HpCDPK2 was positively correlated with the expression of key genes of astaxanthin synthesis (BKT and BCH). [Conclusion] Seven HpCDPK genes were identified, the expression of HpCDPK7 gene was most significantly up-regulated under nitrogen deficiency and HpCDPK2 may play an active role in the synthesis and accumulation of carotenoids and astaxanthin. The results provide a reference basis for further analysis of the function and molecular mechanism of stress response and carotenoids synthesis and accumulation mediated by HpCDPK in H. pluvialis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] The study aimed to identify the viral pathogen of Capsicum annuum L. in Baise, Guangxi province and the results would provide theoretical basis for the effective prevention and control of the pepper viral disease. [Method] Four samples of C. annuum L. with leaf rolling and crinkling symptoms were collected from Baise, Guangxi province in 2022. The samples were identified and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction(PCR), gene cloning, nucleotide comparison, phylogentic tree construction. [Result] The PCR amplicons with expected size of 570 bp were obtained from 4 samples, the PCR products were sequenced and the sequences were analyzed in GenBank, the four sequences showed high nucleotide identities with tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and papaya leaf curl China virus (PaLCuCNV) isolates avilable in GenBank, respectively, and the results above confirmed that all of the four samples were infected by begomoviruses. To obtained the whole genome of the virus, two pairs of primers were designed based on the TYLCV (GenBank No. : MG904859 and KY783940) and PaLCuCNV (GenBank No. : KU892661 and MW779523) isolates available in GenBank. The PCR products were purified and cloned into the pMD18T vector, positive clones were selected for gene sequencing. Three whole genome sequences were obtained from two positive samples. Two of the three sequences had 91 % nucleotide identities with some of isolates of TYLCV available in GenBank, and one sequence had 91 % nucleotide identities with the some of isolates of PaLCuCNV available in GenBank. Following the guidelines of the classification of begomoviruses, the viruses infecting pepper in Guangxi were identified as TYLCV and PaLCuCNV. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the TYLCV Guangxi pepper isolate BS66-l branched with TYLCV SGl (Accession No. : MT969010, host: tomato) isolate, indicating their close evolutionary relationship; and BS67-1 branched with GX isolate and BS3 isolate (Accession No. : MW389934 and MT375610, host: tomato), indicating their close evolutionary relationship; The PaLCuCNV Guangxi pepper isolate BS66-2 clustered with PaLCuCNV GX0l (Accession No. : MW779523, host: tomato) isolate in a small branch, indicating their close evolutionary relationship. [Conclusion] TYLCV and PaLCuCNV are the pathogens that infect C. annuum (L.) in Guangxi. And this is the first report of the begomoviruses infecting C. annuum L. in Guangxi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the advancement of 16S rRNA sequencing technology, the lower respiratory tract microbiota, which was considered non-existent, has been revealed. The correlation between these microorganisms and diseases such as tumor has been a hot topic in recent years. As the bacteria in the surrounding can infiltrate the tumors, researchers have also begun to pay attention to the biological behavior of tumor bacteria and their interaction with tumors. In this review, we present the characteristic of the lower respiratory tract bacteria and summarize recent research findings on the relationship between these microbiota and lung cancer. On top of that, we also summarize the basic feature of bacteria in tumors and focus on the characteristic of the bacteria in lung cancer. The relationship between bacteria in lung cancer and tumor development is also been discussed. Finally, we review the potential clinical applications of bacterial communities in the lower respiratory tract and lung cancer, and summarize key points of sample collection, sequencing, and contamination control, hoping to provide new ideas for the screening and treatment of tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective In China, lung cancer remains the cancer with the highest incidence and mortality rate. Among early-stage lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD), the micropapillary (MPP) component is prevalent and typically exhibits high aggressiveness, significantly correlating with early metastasis, lymphatic infiltration, and reduced five-year survival rates. Therefore, the study is to explore the similarities and differences between MPP and non-micropapillary (non-MPP) components in malignant pulmonary nodules characterized by GGOs in early-stage LUAD, identify unique mutational features of the MPP component and analyze the relationship between the ZNF469 gene, a member of the zinc-finger protein family, and the prognosis of early-stage LUAD, as well as its correlation with immune infiltration. Methods A total of 31 malignant pulmonary nodules of LUAD were collected and dissected into paired MPP and non-MPP components using microdissection. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the components of early-stage malignant pulmonary nodules. Mutational signatures analysis was conducted using R packages such as maftools, Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF), and Sigminer to unveil the genomic mutational characteristics unique to MPP components in invasive LUAD compared to other tumor tissues. Furthermore, we explored the expression of the ZNF469 gene in LUAD using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to investigate its potential association with the prognosis. We also investigated gene interaction networks and signaling pathways related to ZNF469 in LUAD using the GeneMANIA database and conducted Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Lastly, we analyzed the correlation between ZNF469 gene expression and levels of immune cell infiltration in LUAD using the TIMER and TISIDB databases. Results MPP components exhibited a higher number of genomic variations, particularly the 13th COSMIC (Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer) mutational signature characterized by the activity of the cytidine deaminase APOBEC family, which was unique to MPP components compared to non-MPP components in tumor tissues. This suggests the potential involvement of APOBEC in the progression of MPP components in early-stage LUAD. Additionally, MPP samples with high similarity to APOBEC signature displayed a higher tumor mutational burden (TMB), indicating that these patients may be more likely to benefit from immunotherapy. The expression of ZNF469 was significantly upregulated in LUAD compared to normal tissue, and was associated with poor prognosis in LUAD patients (P<0.05). Gene interaction network analysis and GO/KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that COL6A1, COL1A1, COL1A2, TGFB2, MMP2, COL8A2 and C2CD4C interacted with ZNF469 and were mainly involved in encoding collagen proteins and participating in the constitution of extracellular matrix. ZNF469 expression was positively correlated with immune cell infiltration in LUAD (P<0.05). Conclusion The study has unveiled distinctive mutational signatures in the MPP components of early-stage invasive LUAD in the Asian population. Furthermore, we have identified that the elevated expression of mutated ZNF469 impacts the prognosis and immune infiltration in LUAD, suggesting its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in LUAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In recent years, the medicinal and feeding value of Gelsemium elegans has become increasingly prominent. However, G. elegans is not tolerant to low temperatures during its growth process. Exploring its low temperature response genes may lay the foundation for the research of cold resistance breeding of G. elegans. Lipoxygenase（LOX）has a significant impact on the physiological and biochemical processes of plants in seed aging, stress resistance, and other aspects. The LOX genes of G. elegans in response to low temperature stress were mined from the transcriptome database of G. elegans constructed by our team. A full-length cDNA sequence of the GeLOX1 gene was cloned from the leaves of G. elegans using RT-PCR technology, and its bioinformatics, subcellular localization, gene expression, prokaryotic expression, and plate stress were analyzed. The results showed that the amino acid length of the protein encoded by the GeLOX1 was 761 aa, and the relative molecular weight of the protein was 87.00 kD. It was predicted to be an unstable hydrophilic protein, containing 28 serine phosphorylation sites, 22 threonine phosphorylation sites, and 9 tyrosine phosphorylation sites. The analysis results of evolutionary tree indicated that GeLOX1 belonged to the 9-LOX family. The subcellular localization test results showed that the GeLOX1 was located in the cytoplasm. Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the GeLOX1 was highly expressed in the roots of the G. elegans, and its expressions showed a downward trend under 4℃ low temperature stress. After prokaryotic expression induction, the recombinant protein of the GeLOX1 showed a target band at approximately 111 kD, and the accumulation of the recombinant protein reached its peak at 8 h of induction. In addition, the plate stress experiment showed that the prokaryotic expression strain of the GeLOX1 was more sensitive to low temperature stress compared to the control group. The research results indicate that GeLOX1 of G. elegans can respond to low temperature stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the utilization of computed tomography in lung cancer screening becomes more prevalent in the post-pandemic era, the incidence of multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) has surged in various countries and regions. Despite the continued application of advanced histologic and sequencing technologies in this research field, the differentiation between MPLC and intrapulmonary metastasis (IM) remains challenging. In recent years, the specific mechanisms of genetic and environmental factors in MPLC have gradually come to light. Lobectomy still predominates in the treatment of MPLC, but the observation that tumor-specific sublobar resection has not detrimentally impacted survival appears to be a viable option. With the evolution of paradigms, the amalgamated treatment, primarily surgical, is an emerging trend. Among these, stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) and lung ablation techniques have emerged as efficacious treatments for early unresectable tumors and control of residual lesions. Furthermore, targeted therapies for driver-positive mutations and immunotherapy have demonstrated promising outcomes in the postoperative adjuvant phase. In this manuscript, we intend to provide an overview of the management of MPLC based on the latest discoveries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RNA-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been recommended as a method for detecting fusion genes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) according to clinical practice guidelines and expert consensus. The primary targetable alterations in NSCLC consist of gene mutations and fusions, making the detection of gene mutations and fusions indispensable for assessing the feasibility of targeted therapies. Currently, the integration of DNA-based NGS and RNA-based NGS allows for simultaneous detection of gene mutations and fusions and has been partially implemented in clinical practice. However, standardized guidelines and criteria for the significance, application scenarios, and quality control of RNA-based NGS in fusion gene detection are still lacking in China. This consensus aims to provide further clarity on the practical significance, application scenarios, and quality control measures of RNA-based NGS in fusion gene detection. Additionally, it offers guiding recommendations to facilitate the clinical implementation of RNA-based NGS in the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC, ultimately maximizing the benefits for patients from fusion gene detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)