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BACKGROUND: With the improvement of diet and living standards, acidic diet and orthodontic treatment have become the main causes of enamel surface demineralization. As the first step of dental caries, enamel demineralization should be actively intervened. Mechanical grinding has great damage and does not conform to the concept of minimally invasive medicine. Biomimetic remineralization is the best way to deal with enamel demineralization at present. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the mechanism, application and research progress of biomimetic remineralization of early enamel demineralization, and provide ideas for further overcoming the hot issues of biomimetic remineralization. METHODS: English keywords "enamel demineralization, biomimetic remineralization, amelogenin, amorphous calcium phosphate" were used to search PubMed. Chinese keywords "enamel demineralization, biomimetic remineralization, amelogenin" were used to search CNKI. Through screening, 72 articles were finally obtained for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) At present, there are drug treatments for enamel demineralization, such as fluoride preparations, laser treatment, resin penetration, remineralization treatment and other treatment methods. Biomimetic remineralization is the most ideal repair method for early enamel demineralization. (2) In the narrow sense, enamel remineralization refers to the mineral re-deposition inside the enamel after early enamel demineralization. In the broad sense, enamel remineralization includes the mineralization deposition on the surface and inside of enamel. (3) Clinical biomimetic remineralization reagents are mainly composed of amelogenin, non amelogenin, amelogenin peptide, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate complex, etc. The advantages of protein and peptide materials are that they conform to the physiological mechanism and can generate high-strength remineralized materials by inducing orientation. The disadvantages are that the manufacturing process is relatively complex and the cost is high. The remineralization effect of amorphous calcium phosphate complex is good, but it needs to be combined with other materials to play a role. Other calcium phosphate materials are easy to carry and beautiful, but they are easy to cause the formation of dental calculus. (4) Future research should focus on the following aspects: increasing experimental data and clinical results, and clarifying the indications of various methods; explore more biomimetic remineralization methods and find suitable alternative materials; find a reasonable way to combine materials, so that their advantages and disadvantages complement each other. The portability of clinical application can be strengthened to increase the frequency of daily use, so that short-term experimental conclusions can be supported by long-term clinical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aggregation behavior of silk fibroin under specific conditions can influence its kinetic behavior and viscoelastic properties, thereby affecting biological properties of silk fibroin materials. Therefore, this study systematically investigated the self-assembly aggregation behavior of silk fibroin and explored the conditions for enhancing its mechanical performance and biological properties. Methods: Regenerated silk fibroin was extracted and prepared from domestic silkworm cocoons, and the optimal assembly conditions were determined through turbidity experiments. Rheological experiments were conducted to study the influence of Na+ on the kinetic behavior and viscoelastic properties of silk fibroin solutions. Cell proliferation experiments were carried out to investigate the biological properties of silk fibroin. Results: The extracted regenerated silk fibroin primarily exhibited a random coiled structure. The optimal in vitro self-assembly conditions involved assembly of a 4 mg/mL solution at 70 ℃ for 6 hours. The addition of Ca2+ to the silk fibroin solution inhibited in vitro self-assembly, while the addition of Na+ accelerated the assembly rate and increased the degree of assembly. Furthermore, with increasing Na+ concentration, the gel strength of silk fibroin gradually increased, leading to a more stable gel network. Cell proliferation experiments demonstrated that the solution of regenerated silk fibroin was more conducive to cell growth and proliferation than its self-assembled fibers. Conclusion: The concentration, temperature, assembly time, and ions all have an impact on the in vitro self-assembly aggregation behavior of silk fibroin. This study provides preliminary research on the self-assembly aggregation conditions and biological properties of silk fibroin, offering experimental basis for improving the performance of silk fibroin as a food packaging material.

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Fuzhou University is the property of Journal of Fuzhou University, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Photonic elastomers that can change colors like a chameleon have shown great promise in the fields of visual sensing, intelligent wearing equipment and others. However, how to improve the performances of photonic elastomers to avoid the inconsistency of color caused by different observation angles remains a major challenge in this field. Recently, Professor Zhu Jintao and Professor Zhang Lianbin at Huazhong University of Science and Technology have made significant contributions to the field of responsive photonic materials, especially in the field of self-healing photonic crystal elastomers. This paper briefly reviews their recent progress in the area of responsive photonic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ternary complex system of amylose/whey protein/free fatty acid has attracted significant interest in food nutraceuticals or functional compounds in food delivery systems due to the well-known low toxicity, excellent biocompatibility, and solubility. Maize amylose, β-lactoglobulin, α-linoleic acid were self-assembled and characterized by the TEM. Then, in order to understand the mechanism of the self-assembling actions of such a ternary system (interaction among amylose, β-lactoglobulin and α-linoleic acid) deeply, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations were performed to analyze the self-assembling of the 3 components by the Gromacs software. An amylose segment of 55 glucose residues was used to form a 6-fold left-handed helix with 55 nm inner diameter and 135 nm outer diameter approximately and a length of 738 nm. A β-lactoglobulin peptide segment was used on the basis of the three-dimensional (3D) structure determined from an NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) analysis. The PDB (protein data bank) file for α-linoleic acid was obtained from the Heterocompound Information Centre in Uppsala, Sweden. The glucose force field was chosen and all simulations for the amylose-like molecule were carried out using the glucose force field. The Gromacs 4.6.1 MD package (ScalaLife Competence Center, European Research Council) was used for the simulation. The MD simulations were performed using the leapfrog motion routine with a 2×10-15 s time step. A total of 250 000 000 simulation steps (for a total of 500 ns simulation time) were performed to assess the progression of the self-assembly process. The LINCS algorithm was used to constrain all bond lengths. In the simulation, the temperature was set at 100 °C, necessary for the initial formation of the nanoparticle. This was performed using the modified Berendsen thermocouple between the different groups with a relaxation time of 0.1 ps, and the pressure was maintained at 1.0×105 Pa using the Parrinello−Rahman coupling to a pressure bath via an isotropic coordinate scaling with a relaxation time of 2×10-12 s. Non-chemical bond interactions were handled using a neighboring grid cell cutoff scheme. Within a neighboring molecules list's cutoff distance of 0.9 nm in a short range, the interactions were evaluated at every time step based on a pair list. A short-range electrostatic cutoff radius of 0.9 nm and a long-range Van der Waals' cutoff radius of 1.4 nm were evaluated simultaneously with each list updating. The binding order of the 3 components could be obtained through the self-assembly snapshot diagram of ternary nanoparticles within 500 ns. The TEM images showed that ternary nanoparticles had a rod-like conformation, which could be confirmed by the snapshot at 500 ns of ternary system from molecular dynamic simulation. Further analyses of their gyration radius and solvent accessible surface area showed that the ternary nanoparticles were highly hydrosoluble, which indicated that the nanoparticles could significantly enhance the aqueous solubility of some hydrophobic nutraceuticals or functional compounds. It also indicated that the formation of the ternary nanoparticles was a thermodynamically spontaneous process among amylose, β-lactoglobulin and α-linoleic acid interaction through the free energy curved-surface map of the ternary nanoparticle. The present work provides insights into the mechanism of the atomic structures of aqueous soluble self-assembled nanoparticles and presents new perspective for the design of nutraceuticals delivery systems with desirable properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]