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Objective　We sought to compare the local pharmacokinetics of the active ingredients in the skin after the transdermal administration of Dinggui San(powder made from cloves and cinnamon) on the CV8, the position beside the CV8, and oral administration using a microdialysis technique. Methods　Male SD rats in a SPF grade were divided into four groups(n =4 each):the group of normal rats administered Dinggui San on CV8(N-CV8), the group of ulcerative colitis rats administered on CV8 (UC-CV8), the group of ulcerative colitis rats administered on the position beside 2 mm CV8 group (UC-PA), and the group of ulcerative colitis rats administered orally (UC-oral). After modeling, the rats in the group received the corresponding administration with 0. 1 g each ( external use or oral). A microdialysis linear probe was implanted into the subcutaneous tissues of the corresponding external administration regions or CV8 in UC-oral, and perfused with 20% ethanolic saline solution at a flow rate of 0. 2 mL/ h. After 15 min of administration, the receiving fluid was collected every 30 min, and altogether collected 20 times, lasted 600 min. The receiving fluid was collected and directly analyzed by HPLC for the determination of cinnamic acid, a metabolite of cinnamaldehyde, and eugenol, as the main active ingredients in Dinggui San. The data obtained were fitted to a non-compartment model using the DAS 2. 1 pharmacokinetic analysis software to analyse and compare pharmacokinetic parameters. Results　The forward recovery rates in vitro of eugenol and cinnamic acid were 41. 4% ± 2. 6% or 51. 6%±2. 1%, and the reverse recovery rates in vitro were 45. 9% ±1. 5% or 50. 6% ± 0. 6%. The average recovery rates in vivo of eugenol and cinnamic acid were 40. 4%, 42. 8%. At each time point, the mass concentration in the skin of eugenol of all external administration groups were higher than that of UC-oral(less than 0. 15 mg/ L), and that of UC-CV8 was the highest. The area under the concentrationtime curve from time 0 to last time of quantifiable concentration (AUC0-t) and maximum concentration (Cmax) of eugenol increased significantly, compared with N-CV8,UC-PA and UC-oral (P<0. 05). At the most time points, the mass concentration in the skin of cinnamic acid of UC-oral were lower (less than 0. 15 mg/ L). Of all the four groups, AUC0-t and Cmax of cinnamic acid in UC-oral were the lowest and that in UC-CV8 highest. The differences of UC-oral to UC-CV8 were significant (P < 0. 05). Conclusion　The transdermal umbilical administration of Dinggui San improves the absorption and distribution of the active ingredients in the local skin tissues. The microdialysis technique seems to be suitable for evaluation of TCM compound prescription via percutaneous delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology / Shuiwendizhi Gongchengdizhi is the property of Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Subarachnoid injection is a commonly used intervention method in animal experiments of spinal cord injury. However, at present, there is a lack of methods for one-time large dose of subarachnoid injection that can cooperate with sustained-release/controlled-release dosage forms to reduce the frequency of administration and avoid subarachnoid catheterization. OBJECTIVE: To investigate a method of subarachnoid injection for one-time large dose administration in a rat spinal cord injury model. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: a spinal cord injury group, a subarachnoid injection group, a spinal cord injury+subarachnoid injection group, a subarachnoid injection sham operation group, a spinal cord injury+subarachnoid injection sham operation group, and a control group. In the spinal cord injury group, New York University spinal cord impactor was used to establish the rat spinal cord injury model. In the subarachnoid injection group, 200 μL of simulated liquid (stroke-physiological saline solution) was injected into the subarachnoid space of rats via the posterior atlanto-occipital interspace. Rats in the spinal cord injury+subarachnoid injection group received subarachnoid injection after modeling. Rats in the control group were given no treatment. In the subarachnoid injection sham operation group, the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane was exposed and the incision was then sutured. In the spinal cord injury+subarachnoid injection sham operation group, the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane was exposed and the incision was then sutured after modeling. Toluidine blue staining was used to detect drug diffusion and distribution in the subarachnoid space at 1.5 hours after injection. Open field test, inclined plane test, hot-plate test, and body mass measurement were used to verify the occurrence of subarachnoid injection-related complications. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Subarachnoid injection via the posterior atlanto-occipital interspace did not cause abnormal results of Basso-Beattie- Bresnahan score, hot-plate test, and inclined plane test in each group. (2) Rats in the subarachnoid injection sham operation and the subarachnoid injection groups regained their preoperative body mass at 1 week after operation (P > 0.05). Rats in the spinal cord injury group, the spinal cord injury+subarachnoid injection sham operation group, and the spinal cord injury+subarachnoid injection group regained their preoperative body mass at 2 weeks after operation (P > 0.05). (3) No special signs of central nervous system injury caused by subarachnoid injection were observed intraoperatively and postoperatively. No leakage of cerebrospinal fluid/simulated solution was found. After the operation, all rats could raise their head normally, and no listlessness or self-mutilating behavior occurred. Rats in the subarachnoid injection sham operation and the subarachnoid injection groups did not have dysuria and dysporia. (4) At 1.5 hours after subarachnoid injection, toluidine blue solution was widely diffused in the subarachnoid space and distributed throughout the whole spinal cord. (5) The above data indicate that subarachnoid injection via the posterior atlanto-occipital interspace is safe and reliable. A single dose of 200 μL administrated can reach the injured segment of the spinal cord quickly and has a less risk of serious complications in the rat model of spinal cord injury. Therefore, it is an alternative method of subarachnoid administration in the rat model of spinal cord injury. BACKGROUND: Subarachnoid injection is a commonly used intervention method in animal experiments of spinal cord injury. However, at present, there is a lack of methods for one-time large dose of subarachnoid injection that can cooperate with sustained-release/controlled-release dosage forms to reduce the frequency of administration and avoid subarachnoid catheterization. OBJECTIVE: To investigate a method of subarachnoid injection for one-time large dose administration in a rat spinal cord injury model. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: a spinal cord injury group, a subarachnoid injection group, a spinal cord injury+subarachnoid injection group, a subarachnoid injection sham operation group, a spinal cord injury+subarachnoid injection sham operation group, and a control group. In the spinal cord injury group, New York University spinal cord impactor was used to establish the rat spinal cord injury model. In the subarachnoid injection group, 200 μL of simulated liquid (stroke-physiological saline solution) was injected into the subarachnoid space of rats via the posterior atlanto-occipital interspace. Rats in the spinal cord injury+subarachnoid injection group received subarachnoid injection after modeling. Rats in the control group were given no treatment. In the subarachnoid injection sham operation group, the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane was exposed and the incision was then sutured. In the spinal cord injury+subarachnoid injection sham operation group, the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane was exposed and the incision was then sutured after modeling. Toluidine blue staining was used to detect drug diffusion and distribution in the subarachnoid space at 1.5 hours after injection. Open field test, inclined plane test, hot-plate test, and body mass measurement were used to verify the occurrence of subarachnoid injection-related complications. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Subarachnoid injection via the posterior atlanto-occipital interspace did not cause abnormal results of Basso-Beattie- Bresnahan score, hot-plate test, and inclined plane test in each group. (2) Rats in the subarachnoid injection sham operation and the subarachnoid injection groups regained their preoperative body mass at 1 week after operation (P > 0.05). Rats in the spinal cord injury group, the spinal cord injury+subarachnoid injection sham operation group, and the spinal cord injury+subarachnoid injection group regained their preoperative body mass at 2 weeks after operation (P > 0.05). (3) No special signs of central nervous system injury caused by subarachnoid injection were observed intraoperatively and postoperatively. No leakage of cerebrospinal fluid/simulated solution was found. After the operation, all rats could raise their head normally, and no listlessness or self-mutilating behavior occurred. Rats in the subarachnoid injection sham operation and the subarachnoid injection groups did not have dysuria and dysporia. (4) At 1.5 hours after subarachnoid injection, toluidine blue solution was widely diffused in the subarachnoid space and distributed throughout the whole spinal cord. (5) The above data indicate that subarachnoid injection via the posterior atlanto-occipital interspace is safe and reliable. A single dose of 200 μL administrated can reach the injured segment of the spinal cord quickly and has a less risk of serious complications in the rat model of spinal cord injury. Therefore, it is an alternative method of subarachnoid administration in the rat model of spinal cord injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the effect of concentrated growth factors (CGF) on movement of orthodontic tooth and expressions of CC chemokine receptor-1 (CCR-1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in periodontium. Methods: 150 rats were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 75 rats in each group, orthodontic tooth model was established, the observation group was intraperitoneal injected of 10 % CGF normal saline solution, and the control group was intraperitoneal injected of equivalent volume of normal saline solution, 14 days of injection. On the 0th, 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days, the tooth movement distance of the two groups of rats was detected, TRAP staining and osteoclast count were performed to detect the relative expressions of CCR1 and HO-1 mRNA in periodontal tissue. Results: With the extension of orthodontic time, the tooth movement distances, osteoclast counts and relative expressions of CCR1 and HO-1 mRNA in periodontium of two groups were improved (P<0.05）; the tooth movement distances of two groups at 1 d and 3 d had no significant difference (P>0.05), and the observation group was longer than control group from 7d (P<0.05）; the osteoclast counts and relative expressions of CCR1 and HO-1 mRNA in periodontium of observation group were higher than control group at the same time point (P<0.05). Conclusion: CGF can promote tooth movement in orthodontic rats and increase the number of osteoclasts, thereby promoting orthodontic tooth movement and periodontal tissue reconstruction. The mechanism may be related to the increase in the expression levels of CCR1 and HO-1 in periodontal tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Inorganic Chemicals Industry is the property of Editorial Office of Inorganic Chemicals Industry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Weightlessness can affect intraocular pressure and ocular structure changes. Methazolamide can reduce intraocular pressure, but its effect on intraocular pressure, retinal and choroid thickness in weightlessness is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the methazolamide on intraocular pressure and retinal and choroidal thickness in rats with simulated microgravity for 2 weeks. METHODS: Sixteen healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=8) and drug group (n=8). A model of simulated microgravity environment was established in each rat by -30° tail suspension method. All the rats were not treated before tail suspension, and intragastrically given normal saline and methazolamide saline solution in the two groups respectively after tail suspension, once a day, for 14 continuous days. iCare tonometer was used to measure the changes of intraocular pressure in tail-suspended rats before tail suspension and 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after tail suspension. EDI SD-OCT was used to measure the changes of retinal and choroidal thickness in tail-suspended rats before tail suspension and 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after tail suspension. The study protocol was approved by the Animal Experiment Ethics Committee of the PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Intraocular pressure in the control group increased after tail suspension, which was significantly higher at 14 days after tail suspension than the baseline (P < 0.05) as well as significantly higher at 7 days than 23 days after tail suspension (P < 0.05). In the drug group, there was no significant difference in the intraocular pressure before and after tail suspension (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the intraocular pressure was significantly reduced in the drug group (P < 0.05). Retinal thickness showed no significant changes in each group before and after tail suspension (P > 0.05), and there was also no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). In the control group, choroidal thickness was increased after tail suspension, and became thicker at 3 days than 1 day after tail suspension (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference at 7 and 14 days after tail suspension (P > 0.05). In the drug group, choroidal thickness was increased after tail suspension, which was significantly increased at 3, 7, 14 days compared with 1 day after tail suspension (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference at 3 days and 7, 14 days after tail suspension (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the choroidal thickness was significantly reduced in the drug group (P < 0.05). To conclude, 2-week simulated microgravity has a significant effect on the rat’s intraocular pressure. With the extension of tail suspension time, the intraocular pressure is increased and become significantly elevated at 14 days after tail suspension. The use of methazolamide can effectively inhibit the elevation of intraocular pressure. Moreover, 2-week simulated microgravity has no obvious effect on the retinal thickness, but has a significant effect on the choroidal thickness of rats. With the extension of tail suspension time, the choroidal thickness is increased, while the use of methazolamide can effective reduce the increase in choroidal thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the effect of mulberry leaf flavonoids on myocardial mitochondrial function and myocardial fibrosis in diabetic mice, and to explore the specific molecular mechanism of its effect. 45 ICR mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, namely normal group, model group and mulberry leaf flavonoid group. The model group and the mulberry leaf flavonoids group were intraperitoneally injected with alloxan saline solution to establish a diabetic model, and the mice in the normal group were intraperitoneally injected with saline. The diabetic mice in the mulberry leaf flavonoid group were treated with mulberry leaf flavonoids (1.0 g/kg/day) by gavage after the model was successfully established, and the normal group and the model group were treated with the same amount of normal saline. After 6 weeks of treatment, the levels of blood glucose, blood insulin, liver glycogen, liver hexokinase (HK) and pyruvate kinase (PK), myocardial mitochondria glutathione (GSH) and superoxide were measured and compared among the three groups of mice. Dismutase (SOD), total calcium and ATP content, and cardiac CD31, 琢-SMA and Collagen I mRNA expression. During the study period, 3 mice in the model group and 1 mouse in the mulberry leaf flavonoid group died. After 6 weeks of treatment with mulberry leaf flavonoids, the blood sugar of diabetic mice was significantly reduced, the blood insulin level, liver glycogen, liver HK and liver PK content, and myocardial mitochondrial GSH, SOD, total calcium and ATP content were significantly increased (P<0.05). Myocardial fibrosis indicators: the expression of CD31 mRNA in the myocardium of diabetic mice was significantly increased after treatment with mulberry leaf flavonoids, but the expression of 琢-SMA and Collagen I mRNA was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Mulberry leaf flavonoids can significantly reduce blood sugar levels in diabetic mice, improve their glucose metabolism and myocardial mitochondrial damage, and delay the progression of myocardial fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the effect of SOCE in PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Methods: A549 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into control group, PQ group and PQ+SKF96365 group. The control group did not take any treatments, the cells of PQ group were given 800 μM PQ for 24 h while the cells of PQ+SKF96365 group were given 10 μM SKF96365 before given 800 μM PQ for 24h. The activation of SOCE-associated proteins and the translocation of NFATc1 after PQ poisoning was detected by immunofluorescence. A total of forty C57 BL/6 mice were divided randomly into control group, PQ group, SKF96365 group and PQ+SKF96365 group, with 10 mice in each group. The mice of PQ group and PQ+SKF96365 group were given PQ（20 mg/kg） by intraperitoneal injection and the mice of control group were given the equal volume of sterile saline solution instead; The mice of SKF96365 group and PQ+SKF96365 group were given SKF96365（10 mg/kg） once a day for 3 days. The pathological changes of lung tissues and the distribution of collagen fibers were observed by HE and Masson staining. Results: Compared with control group, PQ treated cells exhibit STIM1 aggregation and enhanced membrane distribution of ORAI1 and TRPC1. NFATc1 is significant translocated from cytosol into nucleus after PQ poisoning. The inhibitor of SOCE can decrease the expression and the translocation of NFATc1. Compared with the control group, the alveolar structure of PQ poisoned mice was destroyed and a large area of collagen fiber deposition can be observed. Compared with the PQ group, the alveolar structure of PQ+SKF96365 exhibited is maintained relatively complete intact and the deposition of collagen fiber was largely decreased. Conclusion: PQ poisoning can activate SOCE and promote the occurrence of pulmonary fibrosis by increasing the translocation of NFATc1 from cytosol into nucleus to activate downstream transcription. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Plants generally behave in different response mechanisms under stress. This study aims to reveal the effects of biochar on photosynthesis and antioxidant system of ryegrass and alfalfa at the early stage of salt-alkali stress. Four treatments were conducted in the pot experiment: saline-alkali stress treatment (C0, 150 mmol/L equal mol NaCl, Na2CO3, NaHCO3 mixed saline solution), saline-alkali stress +1% biochar (C1), saline-alkali stress +3% biochar (C2), saline-alkali stress +5% biochar (C3), and set blank control (CK) without additives. Conventional cultivation was also carried out before the experiment, and then a stress test was conducted 40 d later. The stress treatment lasted for a total of 14 d, where 100 mL mixed saline solution was added to C0, C1, C2, and C3 treatments at one time, and 100 mL deionized water was added to CK treatment. Subsequently, the response of ryegrass and alfalfa was determined on the 14th day of the experiment, including growth indices, photosynthetic characteristics, malondialdehyde content, and antioxidant enzyme activities under various levels of biochar addition. The results showed as follows: 1) 14 d salt-alkali treatment dominated the growth of ryegrass and alfalfa. Specifically, there was a significant decrease in biomass accumulation, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and intercellular CO2 concentration. But there was no significant effect on the chlorophyll content and root length. Furthermore, the content of malondialdehyde increased significantly, indicating the antioxidant system responded positively. Similarly, the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase increased to alleviate the saline-alkali stress on plants. 2) The addition of biochar effectively improved the stress resistance of perennial ryegrass and alfalfa, thereby inducing a positive response in the antioxidant system. As such, the salinity-alkalinity stress was effectively relieved, particularly from the osmotic stress. The malondialdehyde content decreased obviously, whereas the alfalfa superoxide dismutase increased significantly, indicating that the perennial ryegrass antioxidant system was given a priority with the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide enzyme. The biomass, plant height, and root length of ryegrass and alfalfa increased by 48.50%-82.34%, 31.19%--44.16%, and 17.15%-48.09%, respectively, under 3% biochar treatment, compared with that under the salt-alkali stress. Additionally, the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate increased by 118.69%-358.99%, and 98.66%-526.53%, and the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate increased by 7.97% and 519.09%, respectively. 3) The antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde content of ryegrass and alfalfa remained stable or decreased with the increase of biochar amount under the short-term salt-alkali stress. A trend was also found that the promoting at a low supplemental level and inhibiting at a high supplemental level for the growth indexes and photosynthetic characteristics. Consequently, there was a significant effect of salinity-alkalinity stress on the growth of perennial ryegrass and alfalfa, where a positive response was found at the beginning of stress. Correspondingly, an optimal addition of biochar can be expected to improve the stress resistance of perennial ryegrass and alfalfa, while the positive reaction of the oxidation system can effectively relieve the short-term salinity-alkalinity stress. The best effect was also achieved in the 3% biochar application. The findings can provide a sound reference for the scientific application of biochar to promote crop growth and yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To investigate the effect of baicalin on OPG/RANKL axis of chronic atrophic gastritis model mice. Methods: The rats (n=42) that were successfully modeled were divided into three groups-model group, ranitidine group and baicalin group. Baicalin group was given intragastrically 6.3 g/kg baicalin solution (5 mg· kg -1 ), the ranitidine group was given intragastrically with 6.3 g/kg body weight ranitidine saline solution (150 mg·kg -1 ), the model group was given intragastrically with the same volume of normal saline solution, and OPG was recorded at different time points /RANKL axis expression changes. Results: The body weight of the ranitidine group and the baicalin group was higher than that of the model group (P<0.05) after treatment for 2 and 4 weeks, and the baicalin group was higher than that of the ranitidine group (P<0.05). The gastric mucosal tissue scores of the ranitidine group and the baicalin group were lower than that of the model group (P<0.05) after treatment for 2 and 4 weeks, and the baicalin group was lower than the ranitidine group (P<0.05). The levels of serum NO and SOD in the ranitidine group and the baicalin group were higher than the model group (P<0.05) after 2 weeks and 4 weeks of treatment, and the baicalin group was higher than the ranitidine group (P<0.05). The relative expression levels of OPG and RANKL protein in gastric antrum tissue in the ranitidine group and the baicalin group were higher than those in the control group at 2 and 4 weeks after treatment, and the baicalin group was higher than that in the ranitidine group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Baicalin treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis model mice can activate OPG/RANKL axis, increase serum NO and SOD content, reduce gastric mucosal tissue damage, and increase rat body weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of China University of Petroleum is the property of China University of Petroleum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We studied effects of saline-alkali stress on growth of Chrysanthemum morifolium ‘Hanluhong' and growth adaptability by simulating the saline-alkali stress intensity of Qingtongxia area. Three pH gradients(7.0, 8.0, 9.0)were set up in the experiment. Under each pH gradient, two neutral salts(NaCl and Na2SO4)and two alkaline salts(Na2CO3 and NaHCO3)were used to configure mixed solutions with different saline concentrations(0, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%). Plant height, root length, photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured after each treatment. The results were as follows:(1)High concentration salt solution and pH value resulted in the decrease of these growth indexes.(2)The elongation rates of plant height and root length decreased at first and then increased in the imitating group with pH 8.0 and 0.4% salt concentration. When the stress time extended, the photosynthesis parameters, the maximum photochemical efficiency and the potential photochemical activity of photosystem Ⅱ decreased, but there was no significant differences among these fluorescence parameters. Considering the data of plant height, root length, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence, we deem that high saline-alkali environment is not beneficial to the growth and development of C. morifolium ‘Hanluhong', but C. morifolium ‘Hanluhong' can normally grow under the saline-alkali stress in Qingtongxia area. Therefore, it could be used in vegetation and ecological environment restoration for its salt and alkaline resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Guangdong University of Technology is the property of Journal of Guangdong University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

PURPOSE: To compare the preventive of ramosetron and tropisetron on postoperative nausea and vomiting after oral and maxillofacial surgery. METHODS: One hundred and twenty ASA I - II grade patients undergoing selective oral and maxillofacial surgery were randomly divided into 3 groups. 0.3mg ramosetron(group R, n=40), 5mg tropisetron(group T, n=40) and 5mL normal saline (control group, group C, n=40) were intravenously given to the patients respectively at the begin of general anesthesia. The patients were observed within 24h after operation for nausea and vomiting. The percentage of occurrence was compared with SPSS11.0 software package for χ² test. RESULTS: After 24 hours, the incidence of nausea and vomiting in group R and group T was significantly lower than group C(P<0.05), but no difference existed between group R and group T (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Ramosetron and tropisetron can significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and there is no difference in prevention of nausea and vomiting between the two drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]