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Objective To investigate the effects of rosuvastatin on the expression profile of peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocytes miRNA gene in the patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and screen the differentially expressed miRNAs before and after treatment, and elucidate the mechanisms of rosuvastatin calcium in the treatment of patients with ACS. Methods Nine cases were selected from the patients with ACS treated in the General Hospital of Jinan Military Command from Mar. to Jul. of 2012, with other 9 cases selected as controls, whose degree of coronary artery stenosis was less than 50% as confirmed by 320CT. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation, and CD4+ T lymphocytes were isolated by immunomagnetic beads method. miRNAs of CD4+ T lymphocytes were detected by miRNA gene chip technology. The differentially expressed miRNAs between ACS patients and normal control, and those in ACS patients before and after treatment were screened. Three of the maximum difference miRNAs were selected and followed by verification by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results More than 1900 genes were detected by gene microarray, of which more than 300 genes showed significant differences in expression. Comparing the ACS patients and normal controls, 126 genes were significantly up-regulated, including miRNA-21, miRNA-142, and miRNA-20a; and 202 genes were significantly down-regulated, including miRNA-4734, miRNA-1182, and miRNA-1273f. A total of 157 genes were significantly up-regulated after treatment with rosuvastatin calcium (20mg/d×10d), such as miRNA-4734, miRNA-1182, and miRNA-663b; and 137 genes were significantly down-regulated, such as miRNA-4789, miRNA-5692c, and miRNA-26a. The results were validated by RT-PCR and they were same as miRNA microarray. Conclusion Rosuvastain may play a role in the treatment of patients with ACS by regulating a series of miRNAs such as miRNA-4734, miRNA-1182, and miRNA-4789. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2014.02.04