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The ash content of rubber was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the effects of sample amount, sample representativeness, heating rate, combustion temperature and combustion atmosphere on the test results were studied and the repeatability and reproducibility of the method were determined. The results showed that the optimal conditions of TGA were sample mass between 10 mg and 20 mg, heating rate of 20 ℃/min or 30 ℃/min, combustion temperature for raw rubber and compounded rubber (or vulcanized rubber) of 550 ℃ and 650 ℃, respectively. The repeatability and reproducibility of TGA were all good. When ash mass fraction of 4 types of different rubbers were from 0.29% to 5.12%, the repeatability within laboratory was from 0.110% to 0.303%, and the reproducibility between laboratories was from 0.283% to 0.676%.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of cardiac adverse events in patients with malignant tumors after chemotherapy by using a combination of acoustic cardiography and blood indices. MethodsA total of 171 patients with malignant tumor who received chemotherapy were included. They were divided into cardiac adverse event group and non-cardiac adverse event group in accordance with whether cardiac adverse events occurred after chemotherapy. The general data, blood indices before chemotherapy, and acoustic cardiography-related indices in the early stage (1-3 cycles) of chemotherapy of the two groups were analyzed. The possible influencing factors were determined by binary logistic regression analysis, and the nomogram was drawn. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the prediction ability of the nomogram. ResultsCardiac adverse events occurred in 44 of 171 patients with malignant tumors after chemotherapy, and the incidence of cardiac adverse events was 25.73%. Binary logistic regression results showed that age, red blood cell distribution width (RDW) before chemotherapy, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and electromechanical activation time (EMAT) at the early stage of chemotherapy were independent predictors of cardiac adverse events in chemotherapy patients. The area under the ROC curve of the nomogram was 0.768 (95%CI: 0.693-0.843, P

With the rapid development of aquaculture in China in recent decades, the country now faces environmental problems, such as high energy consumption and severe environmental pollution. The Yangtze River Basin is the most important area for freshwater aquaculture production in China, accounting for more than half of the total production. The environmental issues induced by aquaculture have received widespread consideration in this area. However, the freshwater farming-induced environmental issues in the Yangtze River Basin were rarely evaluated in prior research. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a valid tool for assessing environmental impacts and resources and is widely deployed in the industrial sector. It can quantify the impact of a product or service on different environmental indicators at various stages of the production process, thereby aiding in the identification of the best measures to reduce environmental impacts. The LCA is more effective than traditional environmental impact assessment methods; thus, it has been gradually applied in other fields, such as agriculture and aquaculture, in recent years. In aquaculture, LCA has been used to evaluate the environmental impact of various farming models or species in a laboratory setting. However, little attention has been paid to large-scale systems, such as the Yangtze River Basin. The two most important farming models in China are the pond farming model and the integrated rice-fish farming model. Among them, the integrated rice-fish farming model is regarded as environmentally friendly and an important step towards realizing the sustainable development of aquaculture in terms of the efficient utilization of water and land resources. Therefore, in this study, the environmental effects of pond farming and integrated rice-fish farming models were investigated in the Yangtze River Basin using the LCA method. A total of 20 monitoring points were established in the Yangtze River Basin, including 5 for integrated rice-fish farming and 15 for pond culture. In the integrated rice-fish farming model, the life cycle consists of two stages: Feed supply and breeding. In pond culture, the life cycle consists of three stages: Feed supply, power supply, and breeding. We analyzed the values of energy use (EU), global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), eutrophication potential (EP), and water use (WU) in the pond farming and integrated rice-fish farming models using the LCA method, assessed the contribution rate of each phase for environmental indices, and compared the environmental impact of the two farming models. In order to establish the inputs and outputs of an aquaculture system, experimental measurements and surveys were conducted to collect data. The collected data mainly included feed consumption, electricity consumption, water consumption, total phosphorus and total nitrogen emissions, and greenhouse gas (CH4 and N2O) emissions. The data were analyzed by the LCA software eBalance. In this study, the weight gain of 1 ton of aquaculture products served as the functional unit, and the results were standardized and evaluated in order to compare the environmental impacts of various impact indicators. The results showed that the standardized and weighted evaluation values of WU, EP, GWP, AP, and EU in the integrated rice-fish farming model were 11.650, 0.770, 0.141, 0.096, and 0.003, respectively, and the total environmental impact indicator was 12.660. In the pond farming model, the values of WU, EP, GWP, AP, and EU were 31.453, 1.187, 0.210, 0.174, and 0.007, respectively, and the total environmental impact indicator was 33.031. The environmental impacts of integrated rice-fish farming were lower than those of pond farming. The contribution rate analysis of the three stages of the life cycle to environmental impact showed that the contribution rates of EU, GWP, and AP in the feed supply stage were higher than those in the power supply and breeding stages. EP was primarily associated with the feed supply stage and pollutant discharge stages of the breeding process, and WU was principally concentrated on the breeding stage. Overall, the LCA results showed that the integrated rice-fish farming model had a more environmentally friendly effect than the pond farming model, which indicates that the Yangtze River Basin has considerable development potential. WU was the most influential environmental impact indicator and the main restriction factor in aquaculture; it was mainly associated with the breeding stage. Therefore, moderately increasing stocking density was an effective strategy for reducing water resource consumption and improving water resource utilization rates. In addition to WU, the main environmental impact index of the pond culture model and integrated rice-fish farming models comprised EP, followed by GWP, AP, and EU. The contribution rate analyses of the two models showed that the aquaculture-induced environmental impacts could be mitigated by improving feed production technology, establishing accurate feeding technologies, applying advanced effluent water treatment technologies, and appropriately increasing stocking density in the Yangtze River Basin. In summary, in this study, we compared the environmental impacts between the pond culture and integrated rice-fish farming models in the Yangtze River Basin using the LCA method. In addition, we analyzed the differences between environmental impacts at different production stages. These data served as a reference for the sustainable development and optimization of aquaculture in the Yangtze River Basin.

Purposes A Knowledge Tracing Model based on Multiple Behavior Features Embedded Memory Networks (MFKT) was proposed to fully utilize the learning and forgetting features in interaction records. The MFKT model considers both learning and forgetting behaviors in the learning process. Methods First, two major features, learning and forgetting, are extracted from the interaction records, and then the extracted learning features are embedded into the memory network by scalar crossover, while the forgetting features are embedded by vector combination, which is used to enhance the learning ability of MFKT model for the students’ interaction sequences. In addition, after different students’ answers are completed, the difference in knowledge level growth is considered and a knowledge growth layer to the original memory network is added for calculating the knowledge growth obtained from students’ responses. Conclusion Experiment results on public datasets show that MFKT is more in line with real learning patterns of students and can realize more accurate tracing of students’ knowledge status.

The effect of clay structure on the piezocone penetration test results and its mechanism are not very clear, the structured Cam-clay model is firstly program-implemented in the ABAQUS software. Then, the numerical model of piezocone penetration into structured clay is established, and the effect of clay structure on piezocone penetration test results is analyzed through numerical simulation. The numerical calculation results show that (1) the clay structure causes the increase of deviatoric stress of the soils surrounding the cone tip, and the maximum deviatoric stress appears at the lower right at some distance from the cone tip due to the structural damage of the soils near the cone tip. (2) The larger the parameter \begin{document}$p\text{'}_{ {\rm{yi}}} $\end{document} representing structural strength is, the larger the cone tip resistance qc, and the larger the parameter w representing structural damage speed, the smaller the qc value. (3) The larger the \begin{document}$p\text{'}_{ {\rm{yi}}} $\end{document} value is, the larger the excess pore water pressure u when the penetration stops, and the larger the w value is, the smaller the u value when the penetration stops. (4) The value of the empirical cone factor Nkt decreases obviously with the increasing \begin{document}$p\text{'}_{ {\rm{yi}}} $\end{document}, and decreases slightly with the increasing w . Therefore, the structural strength of clay and its damage will obviously affect the measurement results of the piezocone penetration test, and the empirical cone factor Nkt considering the structural effect should be used to estimate the undrained shear strength su of the structural clay based on the cone resistance qc, otherwise, the su of the structural clay will be underestimated. The research results can provide reference for the analysis and application of piezocone penetration test results.

Effects of liquid polybutadiene rubber activity-50 on the processability and fatigue resistance of cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber (BR)/natural rubber (NR) blends were investigated. The fatigue resistance of vulcanizates was investigated from the perspective of fatigue crack propagation using crack growth test platform and finite element ABAQUS/CAE. The results showed that activity-50 could reduce the storage modulus and viscosity of the rubber blend, and the addition of activity-50 in the rubber blending process could improve the processability of the system. Adding 2 phr and 4 phr of active-50 could reduce the crack growth rate. When the amount of active-50 continued to increase, the crack would accelerate. Adding an appropriate amount of activity-50 could improve the processability and fatigue resistance of BR/NR blend.

Background Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) is one of the common severe complications in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) , as well as an independent risk factor for poor prognosis. As previous studies showed, CVS is closely related to the changes in the expression of vasoconstrictors in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In the presentstudy, we measured the levels of endothelin⁃1 (ET⁃1), angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) in SAH patients' CSF to demonstrate the relationship with CVS. Methods A total of 18 patients with SAH were enrolled from September 2018 to January 2019. CSF samples were collected within 3d, 3 5d, >5-7d, >7-dand ≥10 d after SAH. The levels of ET⁃1, Ang Ⅱ andTXB2 were detected by enzyme⁃linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). Results The levels of Ang Ⅱ (P=0.041)and TXB2 (P=0.050) in CSF at different time points were significantly different. Thelevelof AngⅡ at ≥10d after SAH was significantly lower than that at5-7d (P=0.000) after SAH. The level of TXB2 reached the peak at>5-7 d after SAH (P=0.036,0.008), and then gradually decreased without significance. The level of ET⁃1 in CSF at different time points were not different (P> 0.05, for all). Conclusions The levels of AngⅡ and TXB2 in SAH patients' CSF present dynamic variation with the progression of the disease. This may be involved in the occurrence of CVS. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.06.013

Background and objective Bone metastasis is common in lung cancer patients. The β isomer of the C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) and bone-specific alkaline phosphates (BAP) are regarded as important bone turnover markers in bone resorption and formation. Thus, the aims of this study are to determine the correlation of these bone turnover markers with the extent of bone metastasis of lung cancer. Methods A total of 92 patients with bone metastasis of lung cancer from Tianjin Union Medicine Center were enrolled in this study between July 2009 and July 2012. The bone metastasis lesion was diagnosed by ECT combined with X-ray and CT imaging. The bone turnover marker levels of β-CTX and BAP were measured by ELISA. Results Among the 92 patients, 58 cases had 3 bone-metastasis number than that in patients with less than 3 (P

Crop models play an important role in the simulation, evaluation and prediction of maize production. Through literature review, the authors systematically summarized the development and application of DSSAT-CSM model in China; the composition, development and shortcomings of DSSAT-CSM model; and the process and results of using crop model to simulate the key factors affecting maize growth. It provided reference and technical support for crop model to optimize maize growth and yield by adjusting crop variety parameters, temperature variation, nitrogen fertilizer measures, irrigation system and key soil factors. Uncertainty and deficiencies of current crop models were the key factors that limited simulation accuracy and efficiency. Therefore, standardizing data collection, coupling multiple types of crop models, optimizing dynamic management processes, and modifying and optimizing models are the future trends of crop models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient storage method of hard decisions sharing intrinsic and extrinsic memory banks for partially parallel QC-LDPC decoder was proposed.Extra memory banks for storing hard decisions were avoided in this method,which result in significantly reduced consumption of RAM resources and routed complexity.Implementation results based on a Xilinx XC2V6 000-5ff1 152 FPGA show that the proposed method improves the frequency and decodes throughput of the system,and significantly reduced the requirements for the number of BRAM.

The Guohe River Basin in Anhui Province was selected as the research area for this study. By collecting surface water, shallow groundwater, and middle-deep groundwater samples, various hydrochemical parameters and stable isotopes of water in different water bodies were analyzed using methods such as the Gibbs diagram, ion ratios, and MixSIAR model to reveal and quantify the transformation relationships between these water bodies. The results indicated that both surface water and groundwater in the study area were predominantly neutral to weakly alkaline. The hydrochemical types of surface water were mainly characterized by Cl·SO 4 ·HCO 3 -Na and Cl·SO 4 -Na types, whereas the shallow groundwater exhibited HCO 3 -Ca·Mg and HCO 3 -Mg·Na types, and the middle-deep groundwater was of the Cl·HCO 3 -Na type. The hydrochemical characteristics of various water bodies were influenced by multiple factors such as rock weathering, evaporation concentration, and positive cation exchange. The distribution characteristics of δ 18 O and δ 2 H values in surface water and groundwater indicated that atmospheric precipitation was the main water source. The δ 18 O and δ 2 H in groundwater were significantly correlated with K + , Na + , Cl - , SO 4 2- , and NO 3 - . According to the analysis using the MixSIAR model, the contribution of atmospheric precipitation to surface water was 46.5 %, whereas the contribution from shallow groundwater was 53.5 %. The sources of shallow groundwater were identified as atmospheric precipitation (57.4 %) and surface water (42.6 %), and the main source of supply for middle-deep groundwater was lateral flow from upstream groundwater.

This study investigated the quality markers(Q-markers) of Euphorbiae Humifusae Herba based on the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)-criteria importance through intercriteria correlation(CRITIC) comprehensive weighting method. The Q-markers evaluation system was constructed based on the AHP-CRITIC comprehensive weighting method with quantitative identification of Q-markers of Euphorbiae Humifusae Herba as the target layer. The index weights of the factor layer and the control layer were integrated based on the weights of three indicators(effectiveness, testability, and specificity) in the factor layer calculated by the AHP method and weights of eight indicators(anti-inflammatory inhibitory rate, coagulation shortening rate, anti-cancer inhibition rate, component degree value, component test batch, component average content, content variation coefficient, and number of medicinal materials retrieved according to components) in the control layer calculated by the CRITIC method. The comprehensive score of the chemical components of Euphorbiae Humifusae Herba was weighted and ranked to identify the Q-markers of Euphorbiae Humifusae Herba. In terms of comprehensive scores, top 10 potential Q-markers of Euphorbiae Humifusae Herba were ranked as cynaroside > quercetin > gallic acid > apigenin > luteolin > apigenin-7-O-glucoside > quercetin-7-O-glucoside > ellagic acid > astragalin > ethyl gallate. This study provides a reference for the quality control of Euphorbiae Humifusae Herba and a methodological reference for the quantitative identification of Q-markers of Chinese medicine.

The potential quality markers(Q-markers) of Polygoni Perfoliati Herba were studied based on analytic hierarchy process(AHP)-entropy weight method(EWM), network pharmacology, and spectrum-effect relationship analysis. The AHP-EWM was used for quantitative identification of the Q-markers. To be specific, AHP was applied for the weight analysis of the validity, testability, and specificity of the first-level indexes, and EWM for the analysis of the second-level indexes supported by literature and experimental data. Based on literature and network pharmacology, the validity analysis was to study the component-target-disease-efficacy network, and select the components with the strongest correlation with the efficacy of clearing heat and removing toxin, diuresis and alleviating edema, and relieving cough. For the testability analysis, the high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and literature research were used to determine the 10 components in Polygoni Perfoliati Herba, and the fingerprints of Polygoni Perfoliati Herba were established at the same time. The specificity analysis was based on the statistics of the number of plants in which the components existed. Thereby, the 11 compounds: quercetin, oleanolic acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid, kaempferol, rutin, esculetin, quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, ursolic acid, protocatechuic acid, and ferulic acid, were identified as potential Q-markers. The 11 compounds were identified to have high anti-inflammatory activity, indicating that the 11 Q-markers may be the functional material basis. The result in this study is expected to serve as a reference for the quality control of Polygoni Perfoliati Herba.

The potential quality markers( Q-markers) of Eupatorium lindleyanum were studied with analytic hierarchy process(AHP)-entropy weight method(EWM) and network pharmacological method. Based on the concept of Q-markers of traditional Chinese medicine, AHP-EWM was employed to quantitatively identify the Q-markers of E. lindleyanum. AHP method was applied to the weight analysis of the validity, testability, and specificity of the first-level indexes, and EWM method was used to analyze the secondlevel indexes supported by literature and experimental data. At the same time, based on the theory and method of network pharmacology, the component-target-disease-efficacy network of E. lindleyanum was built, and the components most closely related to the efficacy of resolving phlegm and relieving cough and asthma were screened out. Through the integrated analysis of the results obtained with AHP-EWM and network pharmacological method, 13 compounds including rutin, quercetin, nepetin, cirsiliol, luteolin, hyperoside,isoquercitrin, kaempferol, caffeic acid, eupalinolide K, eupalinolide A, eupalinolide B, and eupalinolide C were comprehensively identified as the potential Q-markers of E. lindleyanum. The results provide a basis for the quality control of E. lindleyanum.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Guipitang (GPT) on myocardial ischemic (MI) injury of rats. Methods: Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups as control, model, GPT low-dose and high-dose groups (7.52, 15.04 g/kg), and positive-drug trimetazidine group (2 mg/kg). Rat myocardial ischemia model was induced by feeding high fat forage and intraperitoneal injection of isoprenaline (ISO). After 15 days intragastric administration, rats were injected with ISO once a day for 3 days again. Subsequently, Electrocardiograph (ECG) was examined, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and glucose (GLU) were detected using an automatic biochemical analyzer. The histopathological alterations of heart were assessed using HE and Masson staining. The protein expressions of Collagen I and Collagen III in heart were evaluated by Western blot. Results: Compared with control group, the electrocardiogram S-T segment of model rats moved down, the serum levels of TC, AST, CK, LDH and GLU in model group were increased significantly ( P ＜0.05), the expressions of collagen I and collagen III in heart were increased ( P ＜0.05), and the hearts were damaged severely. However, no significant changes of TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and ALT were observed ( P ＞0.05). Compared with the model group, the high and low dose groups of GPT and trimetazidine could inhibit the descent of S-T segment, reduced serum TC, AST, CK, LDH and GLU levels ( P ＜0.05), and decreased collagen III expression in heart ( P ＜0.05), and alleviated myocardial pathological damage as well. The high dose group of GPT could decrease the protein expression of collagen I. Conclusion: GPT could improve heart function and alleviate the injury of myocardial ischemia, especially the high lose.

Qixuehe Capsules is a compound Chinese patent medicine developed for treating the disorder of Qi and blood(a common etiology of gynecological disease), which has remarkable effects on smoothing liver and regulating Qi, activating blood circulation, and relieving pain. However, due to its complex prescriptions(15 herbs) and multiple effects, the quality control of Qixuehe Capsules has always been a bottleneck problem limiting its sustainable development. Therefore, this study adopted the traditional Chinese medicine Q-markers quantitative identification system established previously by our research group based on the combination of analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight methods. With the different effects of Qixuehe Capsules as the entry point, the comprehensive scores of chemical ingre-dients in Qixuehe Capsules under the items of effectiveness(smoothing liver and regulating qi, activating blood circulation, and relieving pain), testability and specificity were calculated and integrated, respectively. Subsequently, through the analysis of compatibility relationship of Qixuehe Capsules, 15 active ingredients with high comprehensive scores were found to be the top Q-mar-kers of Qixuehe Capsules, including ferulic acid, quercetin, caffeic acid, kaempferol, rutin, Z-ligustilide, senkyunolide Ⅰ, vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, senkyunolide A, gallic acid, tetrahydropalmatine and eugenol. Collectively, this study not only provided scientific evidence for further research on the improvement and standardization of quality standards of Qixuehe Capsules but also provided methodological references for the quantitative identification of Q-markers of multi-effect traditional Chinese medicine formulae.

Immobilization of bacteria on biochar can improve the performance of the soil complex polluted with cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As). In this study, bacteria ( Delftia sp. B9, B9), biochar (corn stalks biochar, CSB), and biochar-bacteria complexes (B-CSB) were used as adsorption materials to explore the adsorption characteristics of Cd and As. The effects of pH on the adsorption performance of Cd and As and the ion removal from the aqueous solution were investigated, and the adsorption behaviors were simulated using an isothermal adsorption model. The changes in Cd and As speciation with the addition of B9, CSB, and B-CSB to As and Cd-contaminated soil were explored. The results showed that the Cd-saturated adsorption capacities of B9, CSB, and B-CSB were 49.43, 82.68, and 75.38 mg ·g -1 , respectively; the As-saturated adsorption capacities were 24.67, 42.92, and 34.03 mg ·g -1 , respectively. The concentration of available Cd and As significantly decreased, whereas the residual fraction increased after the addition of B-CSB. B-CSB was shown to be an effective material for the remediation of soil complexes polluted with Cd and As.

In order to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of flooding measures, soil conditioner, silicon mineral fertilizer and sprayed foliar fertilizer, gypsum powder, and their multiple treatments for reducing Cd accumulation in rice grown in Cd-contaminated soil. A plot experiment was conducted in three different Cd-contaminated soils. The results showed that flooding measures, a single application of conditioning agents, and combined application and flooding treatment can reduce soil-available Cd and the Cd content in various organs of rice with 6.58%-30.01% reduction in soil available-Cd and 12.64%-68.68% reduction in Cd content in brown rice, respectively. The Cd reduction decreased in the following order:comprehensive treatment (T6) > basic application of gypsum powder (T5) > base Xiangrunbang state soil conditioner (T3) > mineral silicon fertilizer and spray foliar fertilizer (T4) > flood treatment (T2). In addition, the average value of the reduction effect of the Cd content in brown rice was calculated. The five treatments in the experiment reduced the enrichment of various parts of the rice, which is a main reason for the decrease in Cd content in the brown rice. According to the field plot test, the combined application of the basic conditioning agent, mineral silicon fertilizer, and sprayed foliar fertilizer, and gypsum powder and flooding measures can be used as an effective method for Cd pollution control in Cd-contaminated cultivated rice.

Burning fireworks is one of the sources of atmospheric fine particles (PM 2.5 ). The Chinese Spring Festival in Quanzhou City was taken as an example to study the effects of burning fireworks on the occurrence of PM 2.5 , and provide information on protection against air pollution caused by special pollution sources. The results showed that the concentrations of SO 2 , PM 10 , and PM 2.5 increased appreciably, and the concentration of PM 2.5 increased most significantly during the fireworks burning period. The peak daily average concentration in the urban area was about 4 times the annual average concentration in the urban area. The peak value of the hourly average concentration of PM 2.5 in the Tushan Street station was about 21 times the annual average concentration in the urban area. At the peak of the discharge, the ratios of the characteristic elements of fireworks, such as Al, Mg, Ba, Cu, and Sr, increased rapidly, and the hourly number concentrations of Al + , Mg + , Ba + , and Cu + were highly correlated. During the monitoring period, the main pollution sources of fine particles in Quanzhou City were fireworks and biomass burning, which accounted for more than half of the total particulate matter. The proportion of pollutants originating from coal-based and industrial process sources were relatively low, and both of them accounted for less than 10.0% of the particulate matter. The concentration of PM 2.5 was up to 0.578 mg·m -3 during the fireworks burning period, the rate of contribution by fireworks increased to 58.2%. Analysis of the pollution process showed that the changes in the concentration of PM 2.5 have a similar trend with the number concentration and the ratio of fireworks burning. The results indicated that the main reason of the deterioration of the atmospheric environment during the Chinese Spring Festival in Quanzhou is the centralized discharging of fireworks.

Objective: To study the expressions of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interleukin-23 (IL-23) in the intestinal mucosa of BABL/C mice infected with Blastocystis hominis., Methods: A total of 30 BABL/C mice were randomly divided into different groups: an experimental group, an immunosuppressant group and a normal group. Each mouse of the experimental group and immunosuppressant group was administered intraperieneally with dexamethasone (2 mg, gd, for 5 days) and one of the control group was given physiological saline (0.2 ml). In the experimental group, each mouse was infected with Blastocystis hominis (107 parasites per 0.5 ml) by the intragastric infusion method; in the immunosuppressant group and normal group, the mice were fed with equal physiological saline. On the fifth day post-infection, the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon of the mice of the 3 groups were taken out for the tissue section. The pathological changes of bowel mucosa were determined by HE staining, and the expressions of IL-17 and IL-23 in different parts of bowel mucosa were determined by immunohistochemistry assay., Results: The pathological examinations showed intestinal mucosa had various degrees of inflammatory changes. The expressions of IL-17 and IL-23 in the intestinal mucosa of the mice in the experimental group was significantly higher than those in the immunosuppressant group or normal group (both P < 0.05). The expressions of IL-17 and IL-23 in the intestinal mucosa of the mice in the immunosuppressant group were similar to those in the normal group (P > 0.05). The expression of IL-17 in the duodenum or jejunum or colon of the mice was significantly higher than that in the ileum in the experimental group (P < 0.05). The expression of IL-23 in the duodenum or jejunum of the mice was significantly higher that that in the ileum or colon in the experimental group (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: IL-17 and IL-23 are highly expressed in the intestinal mucosa of the mice infected with Blastocystis hominis. IL-23 may also be involved in the immunomodulatory effects of Blastocystis hominis infection, which plays a mutual regulatory role with IL-17.

Objective: To explore the possibility of Bacteroides spp. as fecal contamination indicator bacteria with real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) assay through analyzing the correlation between Bacteroides spp. and coliform group in external environment., Methods: Quantity of coliform group and Bacteroides in water samples were detected by most-probable-number method (MPN) and RT-PCR, respectively, and their detection correlation was evaluated with linear correlation analysis. Both methods were also applied to detect the contaminated time limits and river water samples collected at four sampling sites in three different times., Results: Seventy two hours were needed for the numeration of coliform group with MPN method, while RT-PCR could detect Bacteroides within 3 hours. The contaminated time limit of indoor and outdoor water samples of coliform group was more than 40 days and 9 days, and Bacteroides 13 days and 5 days, respectively. Also, the positive correlation between the quantity of Bacteroides and coliform group in outdoor water samples was obtained, the quantity of Bacteroides was from 8.3 × 10(6) copies/ml to less than 10(4) copies/ml during the first day to the fifth day, while coliform group was 4.3 × 10(6) MPN/100 ml to 2.4 × 10(3) MPN/100 ml. A 100% coincidence rate of the detection results with both methods was also observed. These results indicated that the detection results of both methods had perfect consistency., Conclusion: Bacteroides spp. can be potentially used as fecal contamination indicator bacteria with RT-PCR rapid detection.

The batch equilibrium washing of copper (II) in the soil matrix by anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzyl sulfonate (SDBS), nonionic surfactant, octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (TX100), and their mixture (SDBS-TX100), was studied and compared. The influences of surfactant concentrations, washing time, pH values of solutions, ratios of soil to water and inorganic salts on washing efficiency were investigated. It was shown that the washing efficiency differed with the kinds of surfactants. Given the initial surfactant concentrations, the washing of copper (II) by single SDBS was greater than those by single TX100 and the mixed SDBS-TX100. The washing efficiency by 6 000 mg x L(-1) of SDBS was up to 46.3%, which was 5.8, 10.8, 10.8 and 19.3 times as those by SDBS-TX100 (3:1), SDBS-TX100 (1:1), SDBS-TX100 (1:3) and single TX100 respectively. When the ratio of soil to water was 1 to 10 and washing time reached 24 h, the washing efficiency achieved the maximum. pH values of solutions had obvious effect on the washing of copper (II). The washing efficiency of copper decreased sharply with the increase of pH. At the high acidity (pH = 1.50), the washing efficiency of copper (II) was up to 95%. The smaller the ratios of soil to water were, the higher the washing efficiencies would be. The existence of inorganic salts with the certain concentrations, such as Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+, could not influence the washing capacity of surfactants, but the excessive Mg2+ (more than 500 mg x L(-1)) could resulted in the precipitation of SDBS. The results will make an implication for surfactant-enhanced remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals.

Mechanism and influence factors of resonance light scattering (RLS) spectra of 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR) aqueous solution were studied. In weak acidic solutions, strong RLS of PAR can be observed. The spectral feature of RLS is related to the absorption spectra of PAR. Acidity of the solutions influenced the acid-base equilibrium of PAR and its existing state, thereby influenced the RLS intensity. At pH 3.1 to pH 6.2, PAR exists as neutral molecule, which may assemble into molecular aggregates by hydrophobic force giving a light scattering enhancement. By a light polarization experiment, the RLS of PAR was demonstrated to be complete polarized light. The relationship between RLS intensity and PAR concentration was examined to be linear at a given set of experimental conditions.

The characteristic and mechanism of resonance light scattering (RLS) of Rhodamine B (RhB) were studied. In acidic solutions with pH from -0.38 to 4.10, the intensity of RLS increases with an increase in pH and reaches a maximum at nearly neutral pH. The change in RLS intensity with the wavelength was not accordant with Rayleigh scattering law. The fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of RhB overlap partly, and the RLS peak lies between the fluorescence excitation and emission peaks. In the three-dimensional fluorescence contour spectra of RhB, Rayleigh scattering line intersects fluorescence contour. In light polarization experiment, the polarization of RLS was measured to be P approximately = 0.1. All the above experimental facts reveal that the RLS of RhB is mainly resonance fluorescence. The mechanism of RLS enhancement by the increase in pH is that the formation of fluorescence species occurs in acid-base equilibrium. The RLS peak of RhB appears within the envelope of absorption, and light scattering is affected by light absorption, so, the relationship between RLS intensity and RhB concentration is not strictly linear.

Objective: To provide a test platform for experimental verification of environmental control and life support system (ECLSS) of manned spacecraft on the ground., Method: According to characters of ECLSS ground simulation test, simulation of human body metabolism was divided into different units, and a ground metabolic simulator was designed., Result: The ground metabolic simulator accurately simulated human body metabolic oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, water and heat productions in the sealed module., Conclusion: The physical method for simulating human body metabolism is feasible and has the advantages of high precision and easiness of control. It can be used for verifying and appraising the function of ECLSS.

Objective. To test and demonstrate embryonic form of our future space station ECLSS, which will also form an advanced research and test ground facility. Method. The following functions of the system were tested and demonstrated: integrated solid amine CO2 collection and concentration, Sabatier CO2 reduction, urine processing thermoelectric integrated membrane evaporation, solid polymer water electrolysis O2 generation, concentrated ventilation, temperature and humidity control, the measurement and control system, and other non-regenerative techniques. All of these were demonstrated in a sealed adiabatic module, and passed the proof-tests. Result. The principal technical requirements of the system and each regenerative subsystem were met. The integration of system general and each subsystem was successful, and the partial closed loop of the system's integration has been realized basically. Conclusion. The reasonableness of the project design was verified, and the major system technical requirements were satisfied. The suitability and harmonization among system general and each subsystem were good, the system operated normally, and the parameters measured were correct.