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With the rapid advancement and wide application of microwave technology, it enhances convenience while potentially endangering health. The immune system, as a vital shield, is an important protective barrier and also one of the sensitive targets of microwave radiation. The immune system is particularly affected by microwave radiation via innate and adaptive immune responses, which is supported by both population surveys and experimental studies; however, the precise mechanism of immunotoxicity of microwave radiation remains under investigation. In light of recent scientific advances in the correlation between microwave radiation and the immune system, the deleterious impact of microwave radiation on innate immunity was delineated. Microwave radiation can induce irregular innate immune function by damaging macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. The effects of microwave radiation on adaptive immunity were also elucidated. Microwave radiation can impair cellular immune response by influencing T cell proliferation, maturation and activation, and distribution of T cell subpopulation, and also hinder humoral immune function by influencing B lymphocyte protein expression, maturation during development, and number of B cells. Disparity in the immune function of the body can precipitate the onset of various immune-associated diseases, so the immunotoxic effects of microwave radiation and associated protection need considerable attention and detailed investigation. This article reviewed the shortcomings of existing studies, and suggested that future experimental studies should use experimental parameters that are more similar to the actual scene of life and work, pay more attention to the biological effects of combined multi-frequency microwave exposure on the immune system, use standardized and unified experimental methods, and incorporate more sophisticated experimental technologies to further elucidate the laws of damage effect and exact mechanism of microwave radiation on the immune system, so as to provide a scientific basis for potent protection against the damage effect of microwave radiation on the immune system.

Objective To explore the laboratory monitoring procedure and its clinical significance in patients with passenger lymphocyte syndrome after liver transplantation. Methods The Hb and bilirubin levels were monitored in one AB blood type patient post-liver transplantation. The ABO blood group type, unexpected antibody screening test, direct anti-globulin test and acid elution test were performed respectively in blood samples of the patient to identify the serum antibodies and erythrocyte membrane sensitized antibodies. Results The patent’s Hb level showed a decreasing trend on the day 11 post-operation, reaching the lowest level of 62 g/L on day 17, and his serum bilirubin increased. The patient’s ABO blood type was determined as AB while anti-B antibody was detected in the patient’s serum. The direct anti-globulin test was weakly positive, while the unexpected antibody screening test was negative. Anti-B antibody was detected in the elution and the patient’s serum. The patient′s serum was incompatible with type AB and type B erythrocytes in the cross-matching test, while it was compatible with type A and type O erythrocytes. Conclusion Through monitoring serum anti-A, anti-B and direct anti-human globulin test, the patients with passenger lymphocyte syndrome after liver transplantation can be early diagnosed and the prognosis can be improved.

ObjectivesThis study seeks to improve the thermal management technology of electronic devices through constructal optimization design. MethodsFirst, the 3D flow and heat transfer numerical model of a hybrid microchannel heat sink is established, and the volume ratio and relative position of its single-sided internal fins are fixed. Constructal optimization is then performed, for which the height-to-width ratio h/w and spacing distribution of fins ε are taken as the design variables, and the minimization of the temperature gradient uniformity factor in the solid region of the heat sink is taken as the objective. The exhaustive method and genetic algorithm are subsequently performed. ResultsThe results show that both the exhaustive method and genetic algorithm can find the minimum value of the temperature gradient uniformity factor and corresponding optimal construct, and the temperature gradient uniformity is improved by up to 13.30% compared to that of the finless microchannel heat sink. The relative difference in the obtained minimum objective function value between the exhaustive method and ten genetic algorithm schemes is no more than 0.92%. ConclusionsThis study provides new optimization design results for the research and development of heat sinks for electronic devices.

An analysis method for simultaneous determination of 46 kinds of fungicides and insecticides residues in tomatoes by QuEChERS method combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was established. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile, then purified up with PSA, C18 and anhydrous MgSO4, separated by a HP-5MS chromatographic column, analyzed using multiple reflection monitoring (MRM) mode, and quantified by matrix-matched external standard method. The result showed that, the 46 kinds of pesticides showed good linearity when they were in 0.005～0.500 μg/mL (R2>0.999). The limits of detection of the 46 kinds of pesticides were in 0.07～2.63 μg/kg, and the limits of quantitation were in 0.21～8.39 μg/kg. The average recoveries were 70.40%～115.08% with the relative standard deviations of 0.22%～4.89% at the spiked levels of 0.0025, 0.025 and 0.25 mg/kg. Residues of chlorpyrifos and azoxystrobin were detected in 9 of the 50 batches of tomato samples, with the content ranging from 0.0043～0.0365 mg/kg, which did not exceed the limit value specified in GB 2763-2021. The method was rapid, simple, sensitive and accurate, which could meet the detection of multiple pesticide residues in tomato.

A gas chromatography method was established to simultaneously detect 26 kinds of organophosphorus pesticide residuesin wheat germ samples, such as dichlorvos, ethoprophos, and cadusafos. By optimizing the pretreating procedures of samples and test conditions of gas chromatography, the target organophosphorus pesticide residues were separated by DB-17 capillary column and temperature programming, and corresponding amounts were detected using flame photometric detector (FPD). The results showed that the concentrations of all organophosphorus pesticide residues were linearly related to their peak areas with correlation coefficients of over 0.999 in the concentration 0.010~1.0 μg/mL, and the minimum quantitative concentrations of all organophosphorus pesticide residues were between 0.005 and 0.010 mg/kg, respectively. The recoveries of spiked samples at 3 levels ranged from 80.61% to 116.19% with relative standard deviations between 0.62%~6.83%. This method had been successfully applied in qualitative screening and quantitative detection of 26 kinds of organophosphorus pesticide residues in wheat germ samples. Alathion, chlorpyrifos-methyl and fenitrothion were detected in actual samples, and the contents of positive organophosphorus pesticides were 0.074±0.005, 0.062±0.004, 0.043±0.002 mg/kg.

Objective To investigate the association between HLA-A, B, DRB1 alleles and chronic renal failure (CRF) in Han population of Shandong Peninsula. Methods Sequence specific oligonucleotide probe-polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSO) was used to genotype 880 patients with CRF in the Han population of Shandong Peninsula. The allele frequencies of HLA-A, B and DRB1 were compared with 865 hematopoietic stem cell voluntary donors, and the association between HLA gene polymorphism and CRF was analyzed. Results A total of 33 HLA-A alleles, 76 HLA-B alleles and 39 HLA-DRB1 alleles were detected in the study group. DRB1*11∶01 (6.70% vs 4.45%) and DRB1*12∶02 (8.69% vs 5.90%) in CRF group were significantly higher than those in the control(Pc

Some main aspects of 5G power private network including network architecture, key technologies and the analysis on the existing key issues aiming to large-scale commercial use were intorduced.Firstly, the service characteristics of power grid was combed for 5G application, and the 5G network capability requirements from the power grid services were introduced in details via several typical scenarios.Secondly, the 5G power private network architecture and key technologies were introduced.And also, the key issues were analyze which were still exist aiming to large-scale application according to the pilot deployment of 5G power private network.Finally, the key technologies and its future evolution of 5G power private network were described based on the business needs.It can provide a useful reference for the application and promotion of 5G network in the power grid.

With the rapid development and wide application of next generation sequencing (NGS) technology, a series of researches have revealed that concurrent genetic alterations play an important role in the response and resistance of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant NSCLC to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Besides, TP53 mutation is the most common co-mutation gene in EGFR-mutant NSCLC, which has been proved to confer a worse prognosis in EGFR-mutated patients treated with first, second and third generation of EGFR-TKIs. Currently, it is still being explored how to select the best treatment strategies for patients with concomitant presence of TP53 mutation in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. Here, we review the literature on recent research progress of TP53 concurrent mutation in EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC.

In order to study the volatile composition of onion, the volatile flavoring substances of the onion were extracted by headspace solid phase microextraction and determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The effects of extraction fiber head, extraction temperature, extraction time and desorption time on the total peak area and the number of effective compounds were investigated. The optimum extraction conditions were determined as follows: Extraction fiber 50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS, extraction temperature 60 ℃, extraction time 60 min and desorption time 5 min. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the volatile compounds of onion with three different colors were analyzed and identified. The results showed that a total of 61 kinds of volatile flavor compounds were identified. A total of 37, 40 and 49 volatile flavor compounds were detected in the white, red, and yellow onions, respectively, and the peak area content of these volatile flavor compounds accounted for 70.29%, 81.92% and 79.03% of the total volatile components, respectively. In the 61 volatile flavor compounds, 27 were sulfur compounds, 13 were aldehydes, 13 were alcohols, 4 were ketones and 4 were others. There were 22 kinds of volatile components in the three color onions, of which sulfur-containing compounds account for a relatively large proportion, especially the relative content of diisopropyl disulfide and (E)-1-propenyl-2-propenyl disulfide. The sum of the volatile components of the three color onions accounted for more than 20%, which contributed a lot to the formation of the characteristic flavor of onions. The relative content of sulfur compounds in red and yellow onions was much higher than that of white onions. The relative content of 2-methyl-2-pentenoaldehyde in red onions was higher than that of white and yellow onions.

The 3-RRR spherical parallel robot is applied as the actuator for spatial positioning and tracking，the Euler angle is described the pose of the robot end moving platform. The robot position equation is established，and the expression of joint angle is obtained. The necessary conditions of the robot have space and the structural constraints that each joint must satisfy are given by means of geometric analysis. The connecting rod of spherical mechanism is represented as a large circular arc on the spherical surface. The motion interference of the connecting rod is shown as the intersection of two connecting rod arcs. The spatial arc representing the connecting rod is mapped to a plane curve by using the method of spherical pole mapping. The problem of finding the intersection point of spatial circular arc is simplified to the intersection of plane curve. At the same time，considering the actual situation that the parallel robot has multiple positions in each posture of the moving platform and each link has two sides of the boundary. The criterion and process of identifying the kinematic interference of the parallel robot is proposed. In the example，the attitude space of the robot is explored by taking the kinematics solution of each branch of the robot satisfying the constraint conditions of joint structure as the target，and the motion interference discrimination of each point in the attitude space is further carried out，and the distribution of the motion interference of the linkage in the attitude space is obtained.

Objective Preliminary study on the protective effect of intraoperative direct electrical stimulation motor ⁃ evoked potential (DES ⁃ MEP) on motor function during brainstem tumor surgery. Methods Total 136 patients with brainstem tumor surgery from January 2017 to May 2020 were enrolled, including 68 patients treated with intraoperative routine electrophysiological monitoring combined with neuronavigation and 68 patients with DES ⁃ MEP combined with neuronavigation on the basis of routine electrophysiological monitoring. According to the changes of muscle strength (Lovett Muscle Strength Classification) before and after operation, the patients were judged to have new dyskinesia motor function or not. The true positive, false positive, true negative and false negative were judged by DES ⁃ MEP monitoring and postoperative motor function prognosis. The sensitivity and specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, and accuracy of DES ⁃ MEP monitoring results in predicting postoperative motor function prognosis were calculated. Results Patients undergoing DES⁃MEP combined with routine electrophysiological monitoring had 16.18% (11/68) of severe new dyskinesia (Lovett Muscle Strength Classification reduction ≥ 2 grade) 2 weeks after surgery, which was lower than patients undergoing routine electrophysiological monitoring [32.35% (22/68); χ2 = 4.841, P = 0.028]. There were 44 true positive cases, 4 false positive cases, 7 true negative cases, and 13 false negative cases detected by DES ⁃ MEP. The sensitivity and specificity of DES ⁃ MEP were 77.19% (44/57) and 7/11, the positive predictive value and negative predictive value of DES ⁃ MEP were 91.67% (44/48) and 35% (7/20), and accuracy of DES ⁃ MEP was 75% (51/68), respectively. Conclusions The application of DES ⁃ MEP in brainstem tumor surgery can effectively protect the brainstem motor function and make up for the deficiency of intraoperative neural monitoring technology in the protection of brainstem corticospinal tract function. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.11.004

Compressor is an important equipment of gas turbine. The maximum output capacity and performance of the gas turbine is directly affected by the performance of the compressor. The change of inlet guide vane (IGV) opening degree has an important influence on the efficiency and performance for the compressor. The study of the relationship between the change of the IGV opening and the compressor efficiency is very important for compressor performance analysis, unit operation efficiency and safety. In this paper, the compressor operating data of MITSUBISHI M701F4 gas turbine was collected and analyzed. Through the analysis of the data in operation, we found that the influence of the opening degree of IGV on the compressor efficiency had a certain dynamic relationship when the changes of the ambient pressure and temperature were small. Before the opening degree of IGV reached a certain value, the opening degree of IGV had a greater influence on the compressor efficiency but had less influence on the outlet pressure and temperature of compressor. With the increase of the opening degree of IGV, the influence on the outlet pressure and temperature of compressor was gradually strengthened until the opening degree of IGV was fully opened, and then the outlet pressure and temperature of compressor were stable.

Aiming at the nonlinear and unsteady characteristics of gearbox fault， a parameter-optimized Variational mode decomposition （VMD） is proposed to extract the characteristic frequency. Firstly， the Artificial bee colony algorithm （ABC） is used to adaptively select the number of layers and the penalty factor for VMD. Then， according to the mutual information method， the optimal finite Intrinsic mode function （IMF） is selected after VMD. Finally， the envelope spectrum analysis of the best IMF is performed to extract the characteristic signal of the gear fault. Comparing with Empirical mode decomposition （EMD） and VMD based on Particle swarm optimization （PSO）， simulation and experimental results show that the ABC-VMD method has strong adaptability， which can effectively avoid problems of mode mixing， signal loss and excessive decomposition. It can accurately perform early fault diagnosis on the gearbox and at the same time avoid the disadvantages of PSO-VMD falling into local optimum.

Objective:To investigate the sense of coherence in young patients with acute myocardial infarction, so as to explore its influence on rehabilitation knowledge and self-management behaviors.Methods:A total of 109 qualified young acute myocardial infarction patients were recruited by convenience sampling. Sense of coherence-13,coronary artery disease rehabilitation knowledge questionnaire and coronary artery disease self-management scale were applied to collect data.Results:The score of sense of coherence was (70.16±12.28),which was in the middle level. The score of rehabilitation knowledge was (73.11±11.25).The score of self-management was (83.36±12.41) with the scoring rate of 61.75%.There were significant differences in rehabilitation knowledge and self-management behavior among participants with different SOC levels (P

In recent years, Chinese scholars have made some progress in the field of restless legs syndrome (RLS), including epidemiological investigation of prevalence of RLS in some areas of China, the pathogenesis, comorbidities research, drug therapy and non ? drug therapy of RLS, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), acupuncture and moxibustion treatment, etc. This has laid a solid foundation for understanding and treating the disease in a better way, and also makes some contributions to RLS research for our country. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.09.003

Identification of natural gas genesis and source for high-matured multiple natural gases is a great challenge in the exploration of deep–ultra deep and unconventional natural gases. In this paper, the genesis identification method system of multiple natural gases is enriched through new experimental techniques and comprehensive analysis of geological data. New indexes and charts of genesis identification for multiple natural gases were determined to distinguish the sapropelic kerogen degraded gas and oil cracking gas, accumulated and scattered liquid hydrocarbon cracking gas in different evolution stages, nitrogen, carbon dioxide of organic and inorganic origins, inert gases of crustal and mantled origins, coal-formed gas and oil-typed gas by helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and mercury content in natural gas. These indexes and charts have been successfully applied in the Sichuan, Tarim and Songliao basins to identify the natural gas genesis and source for complicated gas reservoirs. The research results have provided effective supports for the natural gas exploration in the Sinian–Cambrian ancient carbonate formations in the Sichuan Basin, deep formations in the Kuqa depression of the Tarim Basin, and deep volcanic formations in the Songliao Basin. Key words: multiple natural gases, genesis identification, cracking gas, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, inert gas, mercury content

Because of the high-level abstraction,insufficient description of database states and constraints,it was difficult to find the tiny flaws in design and implementation.Based on PVS,a method for formal description and analysis of data-base security policy was proposed,which was more close to the actual database,more widely used in reality,and more complete in describing the safe properties,more extendible of the model,and ensure the efficiency of modeling and veri-fication.Finally,this method is applied in the security policy modeling and analyzing of BeyonDB,which is a commer-cial database,find some security risks in the system design,and thereby verify its effectiveness.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system, and its pathogenesis is complex. Animal models play an important role in study on pathogenesis and treatment of AD. This paper summarized methods of building models, observation on animal models and evaluation index in recent years, so as to provide related evidence for basic and clinical research in future. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.08.003

Background and objective For the assessment of elderly patients can tolerate lung cancer operation, there is no clear standard. To evaluate the clinical validity of POSSUM (Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the Umeration of Mortality and Morbidity) in elderly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) surgery patients, we want to provide an important basis for operation treatment decisions. Methods A total of 138 patients, with 88 males and 50 females, with elderly NSCLC surgery between December 2007 and December 2013, are included in PLA general hospital. Using the multivariate Logistic regression analysis, we evaluate the value of each factor on the actual postoperative complications mortality and morbidity. The scorings on standard POSSUM and modified POSSUM in the complication group are compared with the non-complication group using the group t test. Drawing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in standard POSSUM group and modified POSSUM group, calculating the area under the curve (AUC), AUC in standard group is compared with modified group using t test. Judge if the modified POSSUM prediction is consistent with the actual mortality and morbidity. Results Among 138 patients, there were 77 postoperative complications in 59 patients, 2 cases of death. According to the Logistic regression analysis, 17 of 18 factors in standard POSSUM, pulmonary function, different TNM stage are predictors for postoperative complications (P

Some security incidents of user information were analyzed and the existent leaks were studied,the cause of the problem was summarized.The solution was put forward by analyzing from several aspects,like the user information protection,security technical means,sentimental information protection,security management system.Some constructive opinions and suggestions for the establishment of communication industry user information security system were put forward.It is practical and valuable for communication industry.

Objective To report bypass treatment for 6 cases of giant intracranial aneurysm, and discuss the surgical indication and therapeutic effect. Methods A series of 6 patients with giant intracranial aneurysm underwent extracranial ⁃ intracranial bypass. Pre ⁃ operative cerebral hemodynamics, mode of bypass, and the clinical and imaging outcomes were analysed. Results Among 6 patients, 3 patients underwent trapping and resection (or parent vessel reconstruction) combined with low⁃flow bypass while the other 3 patients underwent clipping (or trapping) combined with high⁃flow bypass (external carotid artery⁃radial artery/great saphenous vein⁃middle cerebral artery bypass). The follow⁃up period ranged from 6 to 28 months (mean 17 months). The short⁃term and long⁃term cerebral aniography and CT angiography showed the bypass vessel and anastomotic stoma were all patent. Signs and symptoms were improved in different degree. During follow ⁃ up period, no acute hemorrhagic or ischemic cerebrovascular events occurred. Among 3 patients who underwent combined low ⁃ flow bypass, the long ⁃ term modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was 0 in 2 patients and 2 in one patient. Among the other 3 patients who underwent combined high⁃flow bypass, the long⁃term mRS was 0 in one and 1 in 2 patients. Conclusion Surgical treatment for complex intracranial aneurysm may sacrifice the parent vessel or the distal MCA branches. It is according to the patients condition and different intracranial ⁃ extracranial vascular bypass which may effectively preserve the blood flow. Perfusion CT in combination with digital subtraction angiography can be used to evaluate distal perfusion status and collateral circulation in patients with giant intracranial aneurysm. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.01.009

The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has taken effect on May 25,2018.In order to catch up with the new trend of digital era,companies from all over the world are actively preparing for the related compliance work.The major changes of this new regulation were demonstrated comprehensively.It will provide a reference for companies and new prospective for China’s data protection policy making in big data era.

The clear property right is the fundamental precondition of trade.However,the question of the data property right is still far not reached a consensus in the current.Especially in the circumstance of removal of personal identity attribute data,who has the property right of the anonymous data,the data subject or the enterprise that record the data? The author puts forward an exploratory opinion that for the original personal data,the data subject owns his data.For the fully anonymous data sets based on the raw data,the enterprise that record the data should be entitled a restricted ownership on it.

The recombinantelastin engineering bacteria was constructed by genetic engineering technology, and then recombinant elastin was obtained by fermentation purification technology. The recombinante lastin was characterized and identified by N-terminal sequencing of amino acids, molecular wght determination, analysis of amino acid composition, protein purity analysis, endotoxicity determination, infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism analysis. To explore the roles of recombiant elastin in UVB-induced skin photoaging, the effects of recombinant elastin on the adhesion ability and cell viability of L929 mouse embryonic fibroblasts, as well as the effects of recombinant elastin on the expression levels of Collagen, Collagen, Elastin and matrix metalloproteinase 1 MMP-1, were investigated in the model of UVB-induced L929 cell photoaging. The results showed that the secondary structure of recombinant elastin was similar to that of natural elastin. The recombinant elastin showed certain cell viability and no cytotoxicity at 0.1 mg/mL, which significantly promoted the adhesion and proliferation of L929 cells. Additionally, recombinant elastin could also improve the mRNA transcription levels of Collagen, Collagen and Elastin in UVB irradiated cells by down-regulating the expression of MMP-1 in UVB irradiated cells, thus protecting L929 cells from light damage. That was why recombinant elastin could improve the survival rate of photodamaged fibroblasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the security of two-way authentication protocol (PUMAP) based on ultra-lightweight radio frequency identification(RFID) of physical non-cloning functions. After the analysis of the certification process, it is found that the shift digits of the shift operation can be obtained by hacking one certification process, then the formulas in the certification is simplified, and the secret information is obtained by calculating between reader and tags. In addition, this protocol couldn't prevent location tracking attack. The analysis result shows that PUMAP is not secure, and its safety performance really couldn't satisfy the security requirement of RFID systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on a study which observes the effects of adding non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) enzymes to high dietary fiber-based diets on production performance and incretion in growing geese. It notes that the study utilized 300 29-day old growing geese for the 28-day high dietary fiber-based diets containing various NSP enzyme levels. It mentions that there were significant findings in the conditions of both supplementations with 0.2% and 0.4% enzymes.

The abuse of antibiotics has caused severe environmental issues. Photocatalytic treatment technology has the advantages of high efficiency, strong effectiveness and no secondary pollution, which presents great potential for degrading or removing many kinds of environment pollutants. However, the intermediate products formed during the photocatalytic degradation process of antibiotics may possess greater toxicity than the antibiotics themselves, and the toxicity of most of these intermediates still remains unclear. Therefore, understanding the photocatalytic degradation pathways of antibiotics and obtaining qualitative and quantitative information about the main degradation products are of vital importance for the large-scale application of photocatalytic technology in the removal of antibiotics and other pollutants. Probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PESI-MS) technology, adopting a solid probe as the electrospray ionization emitter, has the advantages of rapid response, low sample consumption, high salt tolerance, and strong resistance to suspended particles. These features make PESI-MS to be an ideal technique for direct analysis of complex systems, such as biological and chemical reactions. In this study, PESI-MS was used to perform continuous real-time in situ monitoring and analysis of the photocatalytic degradation of oxytetracycline (OTC), which photocatalyzed by TiO2 under UV irradiation for 160 min, with spectra collected at a resolution of 1 spectrum per second. The results showed that the intensity of protonated OTC ions decreases progressively during the reaction, and forms product ions at various stages of degradation. 35 Kinds of key degradation products are identified by high time-resolved spectra. Based on the changes in the extracted ion chromatograms (EIC) of these products, 7 major degradation products are screened out and 10 possible degradation pathways are proposed, two of which can lead to the degradation of OTC into lower molecular weight products. Although complete photocatalytic degradation of OTC is not achieved in the experimental conditions, the amount of degradation products observed in this study is significantly higher than those previously reported using various high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Furthermore, in the early stages of the photocatalytic process, products of combined ethyl radicals and ethoxy radicals are detected, which likely are contributed by the ethanol added intentionally in the reaction. The use of organic solvents to reduce solution surface tension during PESI operation at atmospheric pressure is inevitable. In the future, we aim to develop a high-pressure PESI ionization source to resolve this issue, which is expected to reveal a more accurate photocatalytic reaction mechanism and pathway. The findings of this study provide valuable data for understanding the kinetics of photocatalytic reactions and developing new photocatalysts, helping researchers gain a more comprehensive understanding of photocatalytic mechanisms.

Treatment based on syndrome differentiation is the core diagnostic and therapeutic thinking of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which is the key to determine clinical efficacy. Nowadays, research based on clinical data is the main method to explore the law of TCM syndrome and treatment, but the internal relationship of the key factors of "disease-syndrome-formula-medicine-effect" has not been truly and comprehensively analyzed, resulting in low clinical value of research results. Therefore, the author systematically sorted out the core problems of poor matching between electronic medical record and clinical research, the effect of data governance on data accuracy, difficulties to discover the law of TCM syndrome and treatment by data analysis methods. In addition, in the context of data driven, the big data platform of TCM clinical research should be established, and the data governance and analysis technology with artificial intelligence as the core should be developed, so as to realize the integration of clinical practice and research, providing new ideas and methods for the research of the law of TCM syndrome and treatment and promoting the development of TCM.