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As an important part of the national innovation system, university plays a key role in promoting the innovation driven development strategy of China and building a country strong in science and technology in the world.University is the main place of training innovative and entrepreneurial talents, the important source of basic research and original innovation, and the important shaper of innovative culture and scientific spirit.At the same time, the university also accelerates the transformation of scientific and technological achievements through collaborative innovation with industry, and promotes the construction of an open national innovation system by participating in global cooperation of scientific and technological innovation.In the new era, university should give full play to the five-dimensional innovation function and promote the governance ability of national innovation system.This paper holds that we should reform the talent training mode of university, strengthen the construction of university's advantageous basic disciplines, plant the university's innovative cultural gene and promote the scientific spirit, deepen the innovation interaction and benefit coordination between universities and industries centered on high-quality economic development, and strengthen the cooperation and exchange of scientific and technological innovation with world-class universities and institutions.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in the elderly. The ApoE ε4 gene is the main genetic risk factors for sporadic AD, and is associated with the changes in the amyloid β -protein (Aβ) and tau protein, the core pathological features of AD. ApoE ε4 has great potential as a genetic biomarker for AD. Clinical studies have shown the important role of peripheral blood ApoE ε4 in AD risk assessment and disease detection. But in the current clinical practice, there are many weak points of insufficient understanding and insufficient attention about the clinical use of ApoE ε4. The importance of ApoE ε4 is highlighted especially with the development of high-quality clinical drug trials or the arrival of clinical drug therapy targeting Aβ for AD. So far, there is still a lack of Chinese expert consensus on the standardized application of ApoE ε4 in AD. Given that, this article systematically summarizes the current domestic and international research on the application of ApoE ε4 in AD. The consensus is written and aimed to fully reflect the clinical application value of ApoE ε4 in AD, and improve the diagnosis and treatment level of AD, and guide further clinical research.

The innovative integration of treatment and prevention is pivotal for enhancing the healthcare system and advancing Healthy China. Guided by a focus on preventive health policies, it fosters collaboration between treatment and preventive services, ensuring seamless linkage across health promotion, prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and end-of-life care. Conceptually, this shift involves transitioning from unidirectional intervention to comprehensive health management, from provider-driven to participatory decision-making, and from transient doctor-patient relationships to sustained accountability relationships. Structurally, it emphasizes coordination between medical and public health systems, collaboration among healthcare institutions, and multi-stakeholder governance. Institutionally, it optimizes evaluation, financing, remuneration, and talent development systems while leveraging intelligent means for integration and promoting interoperability across personnel, resources, and information.

Binge-eating disorder (BED) is a type of eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating. Patients with BED have recurrent impulsive and out-of-controlled binge eating behavior, which can lead to gastrointestinal disorders, obesity, and the resulting metabolic and functional disorders of various systems and other physical problems; and it is also often co-morbid with affective disorder, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, and other mental disorders, which need to be taken seriously. However, the recognition of BED in China was late, and it is difficult to achieve early identification and diagnosis, resulting in a prolonged course of disease. Therefore, under the organization of the Eating Disorders Coordination Group of the Psychosomatic Medicine Society of the Chinese Medical Association, together with the Eating Disorders Research Collaboration Group of the Psychiatric Medicine Society of the Chinese Medical Association, an expert group composed of 15 psychiatrists and evidence-based medicine experts, and 2 internal medicine experts, formulated this expert consensus based on evidence-based medical evidence, domestic and foreign guidelines and expert consensus, and expert experiences. The aim of this study is to improve the recognition, diagnosis and treatment of BED by psychiatrists, internists and general practitioners in China.

To alleviate the medical burden of lung cancer surgery and facilitate the implementation of the national hierarchical diagnosis and treatment policy, it is imperative to establish a hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system for day surgery of lung cancer. Identifying key quality control checkpoints in day surgery of lung cancer is essential to enhance medical quality, ensure safety, and improve the efficiency of medical services. These efforts aim to uphold a safe and well-structured progression of day surgery practices in China. The Chinese Expert Consensus Group on Day Surgery Management of Lung Cancer has convened national experts in relevant fields and integrated the latest research findings from both domestic and international sources to craft the Chinese Expert Consensus on Day Surgery Management of Lung Cancer (2024 Edition). This consensus is founded on the principles of holistic management of lung cancer surgery and comprehensive patient care throughout their medical journey. It encompasses preoperative assessments, anesthesia protocols, surgical procedures, postoperative care, hospital-community collaboration initiatives, and emergency response strategies. The primary objective of this expert consensus is to furnish research assistance and clinical recommendations to advance the practice of day surgery for lung cancer patients in China.

Post-COVID-19 condition is defined as the presence of symptoms that cannot be explained by other diagnoses, lasting for at least 2 months, occurring three months after a possible or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is the result of a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, characterized by a high number of affected individuals, complex pathogenesis, diverse symptoms, and a significant need for long-term care. The diagnosis is considered exclusionary and can be classified into six subtypes, including non-severe COVID-19 multiorgan sequelae, pulmonary fibrosis sequelae, myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, post-intensive care syndrome, and medical or clinical sequelae. Based on comprehensive evaluation, treatment and care can be provided through a multidisciplinary approach involving medication, diet, exercise, psychological interventions, patient education, and other methods.

Background General practice has significant interdisciplinary characteristics, both qualitative research and mixed methods research are applicable to scientific research in this field. In recent years, there has been a steady increase in the number of relevant academic papers published in China, but the overall quality of the literature has not been systematically assessed. Objective To explore the methodological quality of qualitative and mixed methods research literature published in the field of primary care and general practice. Methods From August 2022 to April 2023, four investigators analyzed and assessed the methodological quality of qualitative and mixed methods research published in the field of primary care and general practice in China in 2021 using the qualitative assessment tools of Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), respectively. The researchers were grouped in pairs and independently for information extraction and quality evaluation. Results A total of 35 qualitative research and 9 mixed methods research were included. Among the qualitative research, 23 literature (65.71%) did not sufficiently considered ethical issues; recruitment of participants was not discussed in 94.29% (33/35) of the research; the relationship between the researcher and the participants was not adequately considered in 82.86% (29/35) of the research; 42.86% (15/35) of the research had a sample size of

Background At a time when healthcare reforms are being implemented in the new era, the scientific research output in the field of general practice and primary care in China has grown rapidly in recent years. However, the methodological quality of the literature is unclear. Objective To evaluate the methodological quality of representative quantitative studies and systematic reviews/guidelines in the field of general practice and primary care in China in 2021, to reveal the overall methodological quality characteristics of scientific papers in this field. Methods A sample of 449 papers was selected from a total of 3 122 papers collected in the Primary Care and General Practice Research Paper Productivity Report in China in 2021. A methodological quality assessment group consisting of 22 researchers in the field of public health and general practice from different institutions was organized to evaluate the quality of 320 of these papers (71.3%) using six different quality assessment tools for different study designs (cross-sectional studies, cohort studies, pre- and post-intervention studies, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, guidelines and consensus) by working in pairs and under the training and guidance of an expert in evidence-based medical methodology. Descriptive statistics method was used to report the overall quality assessment results of the various types of research papers. Results Of the 114 cross-sectional research papers, quality issues were prevalent in the areas of "whether the source population was representative of the study's target population" (41.2%) , "whether the reliability and validity of the survey instrument could be conclusively demonstrated" (32.5%) , "whether the survey is clinically meaningful" (26.3%) ; of the 25 cohort study papers, quality issues were more concentrated in the areas of "whether the cohort was adequately followed up" (44.0%) and "whether the co-intervention was similar among groups" (56.0%) ; of the 34 pre- and post-intervention studies, quality issues were mostly found in the areas of "whether the target outcome was measured multiple times before and after the intervention" (97.1%) , "whether the sample size was large enough to generate confidence in the study results" (82.4%) , and "whether the study participants were representative of the eligible population" (61.8%) ; of the 122 randomized controlled trials, quality concerns were mostly in the areas of "blinding of different stakeholders" (25.4%-61.5%) , "adequate concealment of random allocation" (41.8%) , and "other risks of bias" (72.1%) ; of the 19 systematic reviews, quality issues were mostly found in the areas "is the source of funding for the included studies reported" (100.0%) , "were the methods of the review developed before the start of the review" (94.7%) , "was heterogeneity reasonably discussed and explained" (84.2%) , and "was the risk of bias of individual studies considered" (84.2%) . Finally, the quality of all six clinical guidelines/consensus was rated low. Conclusion The scientific research output of recent years in the field of primary care and general practice in China is still of limited quality in general, which is particularly evident in the categories of cross-sectional studies, pre- and post-intervention studies, randomized controlled trials, guidelines and consensus. This highlights the urgency and importance of strengthening systematic training in basic research in this area of research in China, increasing the importance of research and evidence-based reporting standards, and developing pragmatic methodological specifications for the development of guidelines.

Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder, which not only causes individual health damage, but also brings heavy social and economic burden. The traditional insomnia treatment model has the disadvantages of complicated process and high cost. With the development of information technology, the more convenient and low-cost digital therapy for insomnia (DTI) has been increasingly utilized. However, there is still a lack of standardized guidelines for DTI globally. To address this issue, the China Sleep Research Society collaborated with domestic experts in sleep medicine and medical engineering to develop the Expert Consensus on Digital Therapies for Insomnia in China, elaborates on the definition, indications, core principles, research and development, promotion and application, education and training, data protection, ethical supervision, aiming to establish a unified and comprehensive framework for DTI.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a type of eating disorders characterized by self-starvation, significant loss of body mass, and malnutrition. AN has the highest mortality rate among all psychiatric disorders, leading to severe psychopathologic symptoms and life-threatening medical complications. However, AN cannot be recognized and diagnosed early in China, resulting in a prolonged course of the disease. Therefore, under the organization of the Eating Disorders Coordination Group of the Psychosomatic Medicine Society of the Chinese Medical Association, together with the Eating Disorders Research Collaboration Group of the Psychiatric Medicine Society of the Chinese Medical Association, this expert consensus was formulated by 16 medical experts based on evidence-based medical evidence, domestic and international guidelines and expert consensus, expert experience, etc., in order to improve the recognition, diagnosis and treatment of AN among domestic professionals.

Nausea and vomiting are common adverse reactions in tumor patients during anti-tumor therapy such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Although chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is the most common and the most intensively studied adverse event, radiation-induced nausea and vomiting (RINV), targeted therapy and immunotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (TIINV) have also attracted more and more attention. Based on “Shanghai expert consensus on whole-process management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (2018 edition)”, as well as new medical evidence of antineoplastic-induced nausea and vomiting (AINV) and experience of Shanghai experts in this field, the expert group finally developed “Shanghai expert consensus on whole-process management of antineoplastic-induced nausea and vomiting (2024 edition)”. This consensus will guide doctors in Shanghai to standardize the whole-process management of AINV, and to ensure the treatment intensity and medical safety of patients.

Bartter syndrome (BS) is a rare inherited salt-losing renal tubular disorder characterized by secondary hyperaldosteronism with hypokalemia and hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis, and normal or low blood pressure. In severe cases, preterm delivery, hypovolemia, ventricular arrhythmia, rhabdo-myolysis, renal failure, growth failure and sensorineural deafness may occur. In recent years, research on BS has made significant progress. The Bartter Syndrome Consensus Working Group has performed a systematic literature review, and based on evidence-based medicine, summarized aspects related to BS, including clinical manifestations and classification, diagnosis, treatment strategies, and management of complications. This consensus provides an important reference for the better diagnosis and treatment of BS.

Bulimia nervosa is a type of eating disorders characterized by recurrent binge eating and compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain, as well as excessive concern about body shape and mass. The patients with bulimia nervosa present with disturbed eating behavior, resulting in electrolyte abnormalities, gastrointestinal disorders, metabolic and endocrine disorders and other physical problems; secondly, the bulimia nervosa patients are often co-morbid with a variety of mental disorders such as bipolar disorder, depression, substance use disorders, which need to be taken seriously. However, bulimia nervosa and even eating disorders cannot be recognized and diagnosed at an early stage in China, which leads to a prolonged course of the disease. Therefore, under the organization of the Eating Disorders Coordination Group of the Psychosomatic Medicine Society of the Chinese Medical Association, in conjunction with the Eating Disorders Research Collaboration Group of the Psychiatric Medicine Society of the Chinese Medical Association, this expert consensus was formulated by 12 experts in the field of psychiatry and evidence-based medicine based on evidence-based medicine, domestic and foreign guidelines and expert consensus and expert experience, in order to improve the recognition, diagnosis and treatment of bulimia nervosa by psychiatric professionals and general practitioners in China.

During the past three years, the national prevention and control policies for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) have gone from'Class A control' to 'Class B control'. Therefore, it is necessary to reexamine the biosafety risks, carry out corresponding biosafety protection practices, and formulate management measures for clinical Biobank when conducting sample preservation activities. It is imperative to improve the biosafety protection system in view of the constantly mutating characteristics and potential risks of novel coronavirus. Professional Committee of Clinical Data and Sample Resource Database of China Research Hospital Association and the Human Genetic Resource Conservation and Application Society of Guangdong Province jointly drafted and formulated this consensus. We aim to provide practical guidance on biosafety protection for sample preservation activities, reduce biosafety risks, and ensure the safe and efficient implementation of sample preservation activities.

The prevention and delay of disability is important for promoting healthy aging. Exercise intervention is an efficient strategy for disability prevention. Besides, exercise intervention presents significant therapeutic advantages and broad application prospects due to low cost, low implementation difficulty, high acceptance and wide application scenarios. Therefore, Nursing Group of Chinese Society of Geriatrics, Committee on Geriatric Nursing of Chinese Association of Geriatric Research, China Gerontological Nursing Alliance, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences jointly developed and published Clinical Practice Guidelines for Exercise Interventions for the Prevention of Disability in Older Adults (2023). According to the methodologies specified in WHO Handbook for Guideline Development, the guidelines finally involve 32 recommendations and 18 clinical issues containing exercise principles, effectiveness and plans of different types of exercise, facilitators and barriers during exercise, aiming to provide a reference for the development and implementation of exercise programs for older adults at risk of disability and standardize clinical practice, thus promoting the gateway to improving physical function of the older adults, reducing the prevalence of disability, improving quality of life, contributing to healthy aging.

In order to improve the efficiency of core physical uncertainty analysis based on sampling statistics, the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and Galerkin projection method were combined to study the application feasibility of reduced-order model based on POD-Galerkin method in core physical uncertainty analysis. The two-dimensional two group TWIGL benchmark question was taken as the research object, the key variation characteristics of the core flux distribution were extracted under the finite perturbation of the group constants of each material region, and the full-order neutron diffusion problem was projected on the variation characteristics to establish a reduced-order neutron diffusion model. The reduced-order model was used to replace the full-order model to carry out the uncertainty analysis of the group constants of the material region. The results show that the bias of the mathematical expectation of keff calculated by reduced-order and full-order models is close to 1 pcm. In addition, compared with the calculation time required for uncertainty analysis of full-order model, the analysis time of reduced-order model (including the calculation time of the full-order model required for the construction of reduced-order model) is only 11.48%, which greatly improves the efficiency of uncertainty analysis. The biases of mathematical expectation of keff calculated by reduced-order and full-order models based on Latin hypercube sampling and simple random sampling are less than 8 pcm, and under the same sample size, the bias from the Latin hypercube sampling result is smaller. From the TWIGL benchmark test results, under the same sample size, Latin hypercube sampling method is more recommended for POD-Galerkin reduced-order model.

Cognitive dysfunction refers to the functional impairment in one or more cognitive domains, mostly occurs in older adults. Cognitive dysfunction can commonly be divided into subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia, depending on the degree of cognitive impairment. People with SCD or MCI have a higher risk of dementia, which seriously affects their quality of life, and imposes a huge burden on families and society. Numerous studies have demonstrated that physical activity is one effective non-pharmacological intervention for cognitive dysfunction, but there are no uniform standards for physical activity programs for cognitive dysfunction worldwide, and China still has no physical activity guidelines based on the values and preferences of older adults with cognitive dysfunction, partially impeding the dissemination and application of relevant evidence. In view of this, we developed a guideline containing eight recommendations that is applicable in China, namely the Clinical Practice Guideline on Non-pharmacological Interventions for Older Adults with Cognitive Dysfunction: Physical Activity, by the use of existing evidence, and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) framework combined with values and preferences of Chinese older adults with cognitive dysfunction. This guideline will contribute to the reduction of the incidence of cognitive dysfunction, and preventing or slowing the progression of cognitive dysfunction to dementia.

The older adults are high risk population for malnutrition. Malnutrition is closely associated with numerous adverse clinical outcomes, which may seriously affect the physical health and life quality of the older adults, causing heavy burdens on families and society. Therefore, it is of great importance to take effective measures to improve malnutritionin the older adults, and non-pharmacological interventions have been proved to be important measures to improve nutritional status. However, there is no domestic clinical practice guideline for non-pharmacological interventions specifically for malnourished older adults. Therefore, nutrition experts from China Gerontological Nursing Alliance, National Center for Gerontology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders developed the guideline based on the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) including 9 recommendations of non-pharmacological intervention formal nourished older adults through a comprehensive search and analysis of the latest domestic and international literature on malnutrition in the elderly, in order to improve malnutrition and quality of life in the older adults. This guideline focuses on malnourished older adults who can be fed orally and enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition is not covered by the scope of this guideline.

In recent years, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) has made progress in multidisciplinary treatment and disease-modifying therapeutic drugs, so that the progress has significantly improved the survival and quality of life of the patients. However, no clinical practice guideline has developed for the management of SMA in adults and adolescents patients. Experts of multidisciplinary from a number of tertiary medical centers in China who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of SMA have come to an agreement based on the evidence-based medicine. This guideline serves as instrumental reference for the standardized care of the Chinese SMA patients.

Bartter syndrome (BS) is a rare inherited salt-losing renal tubular disorder characterized by secondary hyperaldosteronism with hypokalemia and hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis, and normal or low blood pressure. In severe cases, preterm delivery, hypovolemia, ventricular arrhythmia, rhabdomyolysis, renal failure, growth failure and sensorineural deafness may occur. In recent years, research on BS has made significant progress. The Bartter Syndrome Consensus Working Group has performed a systematic literature review, and based on evidence-based medicine, summarized aspects related to BS, including clinical manifestations and classification, diagnosis, treatment strategies, and management of complications. This consensus provides an important reference for the better diagnosis and treatment of BS.

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a cutaneous lymphoma originating from memory helper T cells. The lesion caused by classical type of MF is characterized by the progression from patches at early stages, advancing to more infiltrated plaques and eventually to tumors or erythroderma. Lymph nodes and visceral organs may be involved. The clinical course can last for decades. Early diagnosis of MF is difficult, usually requiring regular follow-up, repeated skin biopsy, and comprehensive analysis of the clinical manifestations, and involving histopathology, immunophenotype, and molecular biology. The treatment of MF should be determined on the stage of the disease. Patients with early-stage MF should be treated with skin-directed therapy, such as topical drugs, phototherapy, and radiotherapy. Advanced-stage MF or recurrent and refractory early-stage MF needs systemic treatments which can be combined with skin-directed treatment to alleviate symptoms. Multidisciplinary treatment (MDT) model is important for the management of patients with MF. The MDT team should conduct an overall evaluation of the patients when formulating the treatment plan, fully weighing the possible benefits, patient tolerance and side effects of treatment, so as to delay the progress of the disease and improve the quality of life of patients. With reference to the latest international and national research data, combined with the true state of China and expert experience, we developed the guidelines to standardize the process of diagnosis, treatment, and management of MF in China.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a common chronic rheumatologic disease in childhood. JIA-associated uveitis (JIA-U), an important extra-articular complication of JIA, is one of the major causes of childhood disability and blindness. It is predominantly anterior, nongranulomatous inflammation affecting the iris and ciliary body (iridocyclitis) of insidious onset. Recently, American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and the Single Hub and Access Point for Pediatric Rheumatology in Europe (SHARE) have published clinical guidelines for JIA-U. There is no guideline of diagnosis and treatment of JIA-U in China. To promote the standardization of clinical understanding and treatment, the Subspecialty Group of Immunology of the Society of Pediatrics of Chinese Medical Association, Chinese Alliance of Pediatric Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders organized experts and scholars in related fields to discuss the issue and finally formed this consensus for clinicians' reference.