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Objective To investigate the effect of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFRTKI) on the abscopal effect of radiotherapy in mice with lung cancer via the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway and the underlying mechanism. Methods Lung cancer LLC1 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were randomly divided into the control group and irradiation group. Cells in the control group were cultured normally without intervention, while cells in the irradiation group were irradiated with 4 Gy (2 Gy/min for 2 min). Twenty-four hours later, the mRNA levels of MB21D1, TMEM173, TBK1, IRF3, IRF5, IRF7, IFNAR1, IFNAR2, MX1, MX2, IFIT1, and IFIT related genes in the cells were determined by real-time PCR (rtPCR). In addition, 100 µL of LLC1 cell suspension in the logarithmic growth phase was injected subcutaneously into the groin of mice to prepare bilateral subcutaneous tumor-bearing models. The tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into the control group, 8 Gy group, EGFRTKI group, and 8 Gy + EGFR-TKI group, with 3 mice in each group. The tumor-bearing mice in the control group were not intervened. The tumor-bearing mice in the 8 Gy group were radiated at 8 Gy for 3 times, the tumor-bearing mice in the EGFR-TKI group were intragastrically administered 1 mg/g EGFR-TKI for 3 times, and the tumor-bearing mice in the 8 Gy + EGFR-TKI group received both radiation and EGFR-TKI as above. The tumor on the right side of the mice was taken out after 17 days of intervention. The levels of cGAS, STING, p-STING, and type I interferon (IFN-1) proteins in the tumor tissues were determined by Western blotting. Tumor cell proliferation antigen (ki67) and tumor microenvironment-related proteins CD4, CD8, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), forkhead transcription factor p3 (Foxp3), calreticulin (CRT), and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with the control group, LLC1 cells in the radiation group showed significantly higher mRNA expression levels of MB21D1, TMEM173, TBK1, IRF3, IRF5, IFNAR1, IFNAR2, MX1, MX2, IFIT1, and IFIT (all P<0. 05), and lower IRF7 mRNA expression (P<0. 05). After 17 days of intervention, compared with the control group, tumor volume, tumor weight and relative expression of ki67 protein decreased in all three intervention groups (all P<0. 05), with the largest decrease in the 8 Gy + EGFR-TKI group. Compared with the control group, the EGFR-TKI group showed no significant difference in expression levels of cGAS, STING, p-STING or IFN-1 (all P>0. 05); the 8 Gy group showed no significant difference in expression levels of STING or IFN-1 proteins (both P>0. 05), but significantly elevated cGAS and p-STING protein expression (both P<0. 05); the 8 Gy + EGFR-TKI group showed significantly elevated expression of all cGAS, STING, p-STING and IFN-1 proteins (all P<0. 05). Compared with the 8 Gy + EGFR-TKI group, the expression levels of cGAS, IFN-1, and STING proteins were significantly lower in both the 8 Gy group and EGRF-TKI group (all P<0. 05). The expression levels of CD4, CD8, and MHC proteins in all three intervention groups significantly increased (all P<0. 05), and the expression levels of EGFR, Foxp3, and CRT proteins significantly decreased in comparison with those of the control group (all P< 0. 05). Compared with the radiation group, the 8 Gy+EGFR-TKI group had higher CD4, CD8, and MHC proteins, and lower EGFR and CRT protein levels (all P<0. 05). Similarly, CD4, CD8, and MHC were significantly higher, and EGFR, Foxp3, and CRT were significantly lower in the 8 Gy+ EGFR-TKI group than in the EGFR-TKI group (all P<0. 05). Conclusion EGFR-TKI improves the immune function of the tumor microenvironment by activating the cGAS-STING pathway, thereby enhancing the abscopal effect of radiotherapy in mice with lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the radiotherapy sensitivity of esophageal carcinoma cells with down-regulated expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and to explore its mechanism. Methods Human esophageal cancer cell lines EC9706, TE-2, TE-7 and TE-8 were cultured and were given 2, 4 and 6 Gy X-ray radiotherapy, respectively. The cell proliferation inhibition rate was observed by CCK-8 method, and the cell line with the lowest cell proliferation inhibition rate was selected as the cell line with the best radiotherapy tolerance for follow-up study, and the radiotherapy dose with inhibition rate of cell proliferation less than 50% at 72 h after X-ray irradiation was selected as the radiotherapy dose for follow-up study. The selected cell lines were further divided into the control group, radiotherapy group, HIF-1α down-expression group, and radiotherapy +HIF-1α down-expression group, respectively; siRNA-HIF-1α was transfected into the HIF-1α down-expression group and radiotherapy +HIF-1α down-expression group by the liposome transfection. According to the selected radiotherapy dose, the cells in the radiotherapy group and the radiotherapy +HIF-1α down-expression group were treated with single radiotherapy, while cells in the control group and HIF-1α down-expression group were cultured without radiotherapy. The cell radiotherapy sensitivity of each group was observed by CCK-8 method, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), E-cadherin, and Vimentin were detected by Western blotting. Results The proliferation inhibition rate of EC9706 cells was the lowest at 2, 4 and 6 Gy radiotherapy dose, and the proliferation inhibition rate of EC9706 cells was less than 50% at 2 Gy radiotherapy dose. Therefore, 2 Gy was selected as the follow-up radiation dose. Cell proliferation inhibition rate was as follows: control group < radiotherapy group < HIF-1α down-expression group < radiotherapy+HIF-1α down-expression group, VEGF protein expression was as follows: control group > radiotherapy group, HIF-1α down-expression group > radiotherapy + HIF-1α down-expression group, Vimentin protein expression was in the following order: control group > radiotherapy group > HIF-1α down-expression group > radiotherapy+HIF-1α down-expression group, and the E-cadherin protein expression was as follows: control group < radiotherapy group, HIF-1α down-expressionn group < radiotherapy+HIF-1α down-expression group (all P<0. 05) . Conclusion Esophageal cancer cells with down-regulated HIF-1α expression are more sensitive to radiotherapy, and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the radiosensitizing effect of miR-448 on lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and to explore its mechanism of action. Methods Lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were randomly divided into the blank control group, radiotherapy group, radiotherapy+miR-448 mimics group, and radiotherapy+NC mimics group, respectively. Cells in the radiotherapy+miR-448 mimics group and the radiotherapy+NC mimics group were first transfected with miR-448 mimics and NC mimics for 24 h, respectively, and then were irradiated with radiotherapy. Cells in the radiotherapy group were only irradiated with radiotherapy, while cells in the blank control group were cultured normally. MTT assay and cell cloning assay were used to detect the proliferation activity and cell survival of cells in the four groups, Transwell assay was used to detect cell migration and invasion ability, flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis, Western blotting was used to detect TBX3 and PTEN proteins, qPCR was used to detect miR-448 and TBX3, phosphatase and tensin homolog（PTEN）mRNA, and dual luciferase assay was used to identify the binding sites between PTEN and miR-448. Results Compared with the blank control group, the cell proliferation, migration and invasion abilities decreased, and the apoptosis increased in the radiotherapy group（all P<0. 05). Compared with the radiotherapy group and the radiotherapy + NC mimics group, the cell proliferation, migration and invasion abilities decreased, and the apoptosis increased in the radiotherapy + miR-448 mimics group（all P<0. 05). Compared with the radiotherapy group and the radiotherapy+NC mimics group, the expression level of PTEN protein increased in the radiotherapy+miR-448 mimics group（both P<0. 05). Compared with the radiotherapy group and the radiotherapy+NC mimics group, the PTEN protein and mRNA levels increased and the TBX3 mRNA level decreased in the radiotherapy+miR-448 mimics group（all P<0. 05). MiR-448 specifically bound to the 3'UTR of PTEN. Conclusion The miR-448 can enhance the radiation sensitivity of lung cancer A549 cells probably by regulating the expression levels of TBX3 and PTEN；phosphatase and tensin homolog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic cancer, as a common malignant tumor of the digestive system, has a very low survival rate. In recent years, pancreatic cancer has made great progress in diagnostic methods, radiation therapy techniques, and systemic chemotherapy, but its therapeutic effect has not been considerably improved. As a new type of tumor research platform, organoids have made research progress in many fields. Constructing pancreatic cancer organoids is of great research value to guide the individualized treatment of pancreatic cancer. This article reviews the research and clinical application prospect of organoid model in radiotherapy of pancreatic cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University is the property of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Glioma is the most malignant brain tumor with high mortality. Due to its complex biological characteristics such as malignant proliferation, invasion, drug resistance, and immunosuppression, the clinical treatment faces great difficulties. Although the survival rate has improved under surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the overall curative effect is still not obvious. As a kind of non coding RNA (ncRNA), microRNA (miRNA) which has been extensively studied in recent years is involved in the regulation of biological processes of normal tissues and various tumors (including glioma) in human. As a cancer suppressor gene, miRNA - 145 plays a regulatory role in the progression of glioma through a variety of pathways, especially as a targeted drug transported to the tumor area through nanocarriers to treat tumors, becoming a current research hotspot. This article summarizes the role of miRNA - 145 in pathological grading, tumor microenvironment, the regulation of glioma stem cells, drug resistance, and the prognosis of glioma, aiming to provide the reference for the diagnosis and treatment of glioma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pediatric gliomas are highly heterogeneous and have unique molecular characteristics. They are not smaller versions of adult gliomas. This review emphasizes the basic points of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy for pediatric gliomas, introduces the similarities and differences with targeted therapy for adult gliomas, describes the important driver gene abnormalities involved in pediatric gliomas and the corresponding targeted therapy strategies, and focuses on the epigenetic treatment strategies for pediatric diffuse high-grade gliomas caused by histone H3 mutations, and looks forward to the future work of diagnosis and treatment of pediatric gliomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Prevention & Treatment For Stomatological Diseases is the property of Journal of Prevention & Treatment For Stomatological Diseases Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To explore effective treatments and prognostic factors for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG). Methods Clinical and imaging information and survival data of 14 DIPG patients, treated with radiotherapy combined with temozolomide and nitolizumab or radiotherapy combined with ACT001, were retrospectively analysed at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University from April 2021 to January 2024. The median progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using Kaplan - Meier survival curves, and multifactorial Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the effects of different factors on PFS and OS. Results The objective response rate (ORR) was 10/14, and the median PFS and OS were 7.83 and 8.30 months, respectively. Multfactorial Cox regression analysis identified the absence of enhancement on baseline imaging as a good prognostic variable for both PFS (RR = 0.052, 95%CI: 0.006-0.416; P = 0.005) and OS (RR = 0.046, 95%CI: 0.005-0.413; P = 0.006), while male (RR = 0.085, 95%CI: 0.009-0.764; P = 0.028), older age (RR = 0.631, 95%CI: 0.423-0.942; P = 0.024), and the absence of symptoms of cranial nerve involvement at the onset (RR = 0.116, 95%CI: 0.017- 0.781; P = 0.027) were also good prognostic variables for OS. Conclusions Female, younger age at diagnosis, cranial nerve involvement at the onset, and enhancement on baseline imaging are risk factors for the survival of children with DIPG.

Pancreatic cancer, as a common malignant tumor of the digestive system, has a very low survival rate. In recent years, pancreatic cancer has made great progress in diagnostic methods, radiation therapy techniques, and systemic chemotherapy, but its therapeutic effect has not been considerably improved. As a new type of tumor research platform, organoids have made research progress in many fields. Constructing pancreatic cancer organoids is of great research value to guide the individualized treatment of pancreatic cancer. This article reviews the research and clinical application prospect of organoid model in radiotherapy of pancreatic cancer.

Objective To study the effect of the combinational use of miR-34a-functionalized Bio-Oss® bone powder with transglutaminase crosslinked gelatin (Col-Tgel) on the osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and bone defect healing after irradiation. Methods The experiment was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee. BMSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of 2-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and identified. After reaching 80% confluence, BMSCs were irradiated with 2 Gy of X-ray radiation to establish a radiation-damaged BMSC model for further experimentation. 2.5 μL or 5 μL of Col-Tgel was mixed with 10 mg of Bio-Oss® (P) to prepare PG-2.5 and PG-5. The optimal proportion of Bio-Oss® (P) and Col-Tgel was determined through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Cy3-labeled agomiR-34a, agomiR-34a, or agomiR NC was mixed with lipofectamine 2000 and added to 10 mg of Bio-Oss® (P). The mixtures were lyophilized, and 2.5 μL Col-Tgel was added to each group of lyophilized Bio-Oss®/lipofectamine/miRNA complexes or to 10 mg of Bio-Oss® to obtain PG-Cy3-miR-34a, PG-miR-34a, PG-miR NC, and PG. Irradiated BMSCs were cocultured with PG-Cy3-miR-34a to evaluate cellular uptake of Cy3-agomiR-34a using confocal microscopy. Then, irradiated BMSCs were cocultured with PG-miR-34a, PG-miR NC, and PG. The expression of miR-34a was tested by RT-qPCR and cell proliferation was tested by CCK-8 assay. After 14 days of osteogenic induction, the mRNA expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteocalcin (OCN) was tested by RT-qPCR. The bilateral tibias of 8-week-old SD rats were irradiated with a single dose of 15 Gy of X-ray radiation. Three weeks later, tibial defects with a diameter of 3 mm and a depth of 2 mm were created 2-3 mm below the epiphyseal line in the tibial metaphysis. The composite bone substitute materials of PG-miR-34a, PG-miR NC, and PG were implanted into the defect area. Eight weeks after implantation, the tibias were harvested and evaluated for bone regeneration using micro-CT analysis and HE staining. Results The results demonstrated that 2 Gy irradiation adversely affected the osteogenic differentiation capacity of BMSCs, evidenced by the decreased ALP staining and number of mineralized nodules stained with Alizarin red in the irradiated group compared to the non-irradiated group. The composite material consisting of 10 mg Bio-Oss® and 2.5 μL Col-Tgel exhibited good osteogenic induction capability and handling properties and was used for subsequent experiments. The PG-Cy3-miR-34a could deliver the loaded Cy3-agomiR-34a into irradiated BMSCs. PG-miR-34a enhanced the expression of miR-34a in irradiated BMSCs without affecting cell proliferation. PG-miR-34a significantly upregulated the expression of osteogenic-related genes, including Runx2, ALP, and OCN. In the experiment of bone defect healing in irradiated tibias, micro-CT analysis showed that PG-miR-34a group had a higher bone volume in the bone defect area compared to other groups. The HE staining results also confirmed that implantation of PG-miR-34a can promote the healing of bone defects in irradiated tibias. Conclusion The combinational use of miR-34a-functionalized Bio-Oss® bone powder with Col-Tgel could promote the osteogenic differentiation of irradiated BMSCs and enhance bone regeneration in irradiated bone defects.

Objective To explore the sensitizing effect of manganese for radiotherapy against tumors and its possible mechanisms. Methods A total of 300 male C57BL/6 mice (6~8 weeks old, weighing 20~23 g) with subcutaneous tumor were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, radiotherapy group, manganese treatment group, and combined radiotherapy and manganese treatment group. Nasal drip with 10 μg manganese adjuvant was applied to the mice from the latter 2 groups on day 9 of tumor bearing, then single dose of 20 Gy radiation was locally administered on day 10. Tumor growth and mouse survival were monitored regularly. The sensitizing effect of manganese on radiotherapy was determined by monitoring and comparing the tumor growth among different unilateral mouse models. Bilateral tumor-bearing model was used to examine the effect of manganese on abscopal effects induced by radiotherapy. Flow cytometry was used to illustrate the changes in tumor-infiltrating immune cells in unilateral tumor bearing model. Immunohistochemical staining was employed to evaluate the spleen function in unilateral tumor bearing mice. Results Based on repeated validation of 3 different unilateral tumor-bearing models, radiotherapy combined with manganese therapy significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival of mice (P < 0.05). The results of bilateral tumor-bearing model showed that manganese therapy enhanced abscopal effects of radiotherapy, and significant regression was observed in both side of tumor under radiotherapy or not (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry revealed that manganese further increased radiation-induced CD8+T infiltration (P < 0.05) and decreased radiation-induced infiltration of Treg cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, manganese increased lymphocyte reserve pool of the spleen and improved its function. Conclusion Manganese adjuvant could act as a sensitizing agent for radiotherapy, by improving the function of spleen and reprogramming the tumor microenvironment synergistically.

The dysphagia affects not only the therapeutic effect of the head and neck tumor but also the quality of life of the patient. Effective training for swallowing rehabilitation can relieve the clinical symptoms of dysphagia in patients with head and neck tumor. This paper reviews studies on training methods and clinical practice for swallowing rehabilitation in patients with head and neck cancer, and provides reference for promoting swallowing function of patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck tumor. (吞咽障碍不仅会影响头颈肿瘤患者治疗效果, 同时也降低其生活质量。高效的吞咽功能训练后, 可以显著缓解和改善头颈肿瘤患者的吞咽障碍。本研究就头颈肿瘤放疗中吞咽障碍患者的吞咽功能训练研究和应用进展进行综述, 旨在为促进头颈肿瘤放疗患者吞咽功能的恢复提供参考。)

Esophageal cancer is predominantly diagnosed at a locally advanced or distant metastasis stage in patients. Once the disease progresses to the advanced stage, its prognosis is poor, and the median overall survival time of patients receiving traditional chemotherapy is less than one year. Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors has provided new opportunities to patients with esophageal cancer and changed the previous treatment pattern. Chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy (PD-1 inhibitor) has become the standard first-line treatment for advanced esophageal cancer. However, chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy have been reported a median overall survival time of only 12.4-17.2 months for patients. Such a survival time remains insufficient to meet clinical needs. Combining systemic treatment with local treatment and seeking new comprehensive treatment models are important research directions for improving efficacy. This article reviews the research progress and prospects of radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of compound Kushen injection in prevention and treatment of oral mucositis induced by radiotherapy, so as to provide evidence-based reference for the clinical application. METHODS: CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data and PubMed were retrieved to collect the randomized controlled trial of compound Kushen injection in the treatment oral mucositis induced by radiotherapy [the control measures were radiotherapy alone, or gargling solution (0. 9% sodium chloride injection + lidocaine + dexamethasone) before radiotherapy, or radiotherapy combined with cisplatin chemotherapy; the intervention measures were combined with compound Kushen injection on the basis of control measures] from Jan. 1st, 2011 to Jul. 1st, 2023. Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5. 4 statistical software. RESULTS: After screening, 10 randomized controlled trials were enrolled, including 892 patients, who were divided into subgroup of radiotherapy alone (356 cases), subgroup of gargling before radiotherapy (260 cases), and subgroup of radiotherapy combined with cisplatin chemotherapy (276 cases) according to different control measures. Meta-analysis showed that the severity of oral mucositis decreased significantly after combined application of compound Kushen injection compared with radiotherapy alone, gargling before radiotherapy, and radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy. In the subgroup of radiotherapy alone, the incidence of severe radiation-induced oral mucositis in the compound Kushen injection group was 34. 27%(61 / 178), significantly lower than 61. 24%(109 / 178) in the radiotherapy alone group, the difference was statistically significant (OR = 3. 49, 95% CI = 2. 19-5. 55, Z = 5. 27, P < 0. 000 01). In the subgroup of gargling before radiotherapy, the incidence of severe radiation-induced oral mucicitis in the compound Kushen injection group was 18. 46%(24 / 130), significantly lower than 58. 46% (76 / 130 ) in the radiotherapy + gargle group, the difference was statistically significant (OR = 6. 90, 95%CI = 2. 92-16. 30, Z = 4. 41, P<0. 000 1). In the subgroup of radiotherapy combined with cisplatin chemotherapy, the incidence of severe radiation-induced oral mucositis in the compound Kushen injection group was 27. 01%(37 / 137), significantly lower than 56. 12%(78 / 139) in the radiotherapy combined with cisplatin chemotherapy group, the difference was statistically significant (OR = 3. 68, 95% CI = 2. 18-6. 19, Z = 4. 90, P <0. 000 01). CONCLUSIONS: For patients with oral mucositis induced by radiotherapy, compound Kushen injection can effectively reduce the occurrence of oral mucositis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet combined with radiotherapy on the tumor microenvironment of mice with lung xenografts. Methods C57BL/6J mice were selected to establish the Lewis lung cancer model, and they were divided into the normal diet group, the high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet group, the normal diet + radiotherapy group, and the high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet + radiotherapy group, with 18 mice in each group. The mice in the normal diet group and the normal diet + radiotherapy group were fed with the normal diet with 12.11% fat for energy supply, and the mice in the high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet group and the high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet + radiotherapy group were fed with high-fat and low-carbohydratediet with 45.00% fat for energy. On the 12th to 14th days, the tumor sites of the mice in the normal diet + radiotherapy group and the high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet + radiotherapy group were treated with radiotherapy, and the irradiation dose was 24 Gy/3f. The body weight, tumor volume, blood glucose and blood ketone level, liver and kidney function, and survival status of the mice were observed and monitored. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the tumor-associated microangiogenesis molecule (CD34) and lymphatic endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1), Sirius staining was used to detect collagen fibers, and multiplex immunofluorescence was used to detect CD8 and programmed death-1 (PD-1). Expression of immune cell phenotypes (CD3, CD4, CD8, and Treg) was detected by flow cytometry. Results On the 27th day after inoculation, the body weigh of the common diet group was(24.78±2.22)g, which was significantly higher than that of the common diet + radiotherapy group [(22.15±0.48)g, P= 0.030] and high-fat low-carbohydrate diet + radiotherapy group [(22.02±0.77)g, P=0.031)]. On the 15th day after inoculation, the tumor volume of the high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet + radiotherapy group was (220.88±130.05) mm³, which was significantly smaller than that of the normal diet group [(504.37±328.48) mm³, P=0.042)] and the high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet group [(534.26±230.42) mm³, P=0.016], but there was no statistically significant difference compared with the normal diet + radiotherapy group [(274.64±160.97) mm³ ]. In the 4th week, the blood glucose values of the mice in the high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet group were lower than those in the normal diet group, with the value being (8.00±0.36) mmol/L and (9.57±0.40) mmol/L, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). The blood ketone values of the mice in the high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet group were higher than those in the normal diet group, with the value being (1.00±0.20) mmol/L and (0.63±0.06) mmol/L, respectively, in the second week. In the third week, the blood ketone values of the two groups of mice were (0.90±0.17) mmol/L and (0.70± 0.10) mmol/L, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). On the 30th day after inoculation, there were no significant differences in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, and urea between the normal diet group and the high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet group (all P＞0.05). The hearts, livers, spleens, lungs, and kidneys of the mice in each group had no obvious toxic changes and tumor metastasis. In the high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet + radiotherapy group, the expression of CD8 was up-regulated in the tumor tissues of mice, and the expressions of PD-1, CD34, LYVE-1, and collagen fibers were down-regulated. The proportion of CD8+ T cells in the paratumoral lymph nodes of the high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet + radiotherapy group was (25.13±0.97)%, higher than that of the normal diet group [(20.60± 2.23)%, P＜0.050] and the normal diet + radiotherapy group [(19.26±3.07)%, P＜0.05], but there was no statistically significant difference with the high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet group [(22.03± 1.75)%, P＞0.05]. The proportion, of CD4+ T cells in the lymph nodes adjacent to the tumor in the normal diet + radiotherapy group (31.33±5.16)% and the high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet + radiotherapy group (30.63±1.70)% were higher than that in the normal diet group [(20.27±2.15)%, P＜0.05] and the high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet group (23.70±2.62, P＜0.05). Treg cells accounted for the highest (16.58±5.10)% of T cells in the para-tumor lymph nodes of the normal diet + radiotherapy group, but compared with the normal diet group, the high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet group, and the high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet + radiotherapy group, there was no statistically significant difference (all P＞0.05). Conclusion High-fat and low-carbohydrate diet plus radiotherapy can enhance the recruitment and function of immune effector cells in the tumor microenvironment, inhibit tumor microangiogenesis, and thus inhibit tumor growth [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To explore the application of 4R crisis management theory in the management of radiation dermatitis in patients with breast cancer during radiotherapy. Methods This study was a retrospective cohort study. Using the cluster sampling method, a total of 52 breast cancer postoperative radiotherapy patients who received radiotherapy in the Cancer Radiation Center of the hospital from March 2021 to February 2022 were selected as the control group and 57 breast cancer postoperative radiotherapy patients who received radiotherapy in the Cancer Radiation Center of the hospital from March 2022 to February 2023 were selected as the observation group. The control group was intervened with routine nursing management mode. while the observation group was managed with 4R crisis management theory. The incidence, severity, comfort, and overall satisfaction of radioactive dermatitis in the two groups were compared. Results The incidence of radiation dermatitis in the observation group [40.35% (23/57)] was lower than that in the control group [69.23%(36/52)], and the difference was statistically significant(X²=9.134.P<0,05). The severity of radiation dermatitis in the observation group was significantly less than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-3.445,P=0.003). The comfort and overall satisfaction of the observation group during treatment were better than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (Z=-2.553,P=0.011;Z-2.332,P=0.020). Conclusion The application of 4R crisis management theory in the management of radiation dermatitis in patients with breast cancer during radiotherapy can significantly reduce the incidence and severity of radiation dermatitis improve patient comfort and overall satisfaction during treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To discuss the synergistic inhibitory effect of apatinib mesylate (apatinib) combined with radiotherapy (RT) on the hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells in vitro, and to clarify its related antitumor mechanism. Methods: The HepG2 cells were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of apatinib and/or varying doses of X-rays. MTT method was used to detect the survival rates of the cells in various groups; the inhibitory rates of cell proliferation and the 20% inhibitory concentration (IC20) of apatinib were calculated; the X-ray irradiation dose for subsequent experiments was detected. The HepG2 cells were divided into apatinib group, RT group, and apatinib+RT group (combined group). Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rates of the cells in various groups; wound healing assay was used to detect the migration rates of the cells in various groups; ELISA method was used to detect the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the cell culture supernatant in various groups. Results: The MTT results showed that the IC20 of apatinib was 1. 32 μmol·L-1, and this concentration was used for subsequent experiments, and the X-ray irradiation dose for the follow-up experiments was 2 Gy. Compared with control group, the apoptotic rates of the cells in apatinib group and RT group had no significant differences (P>0. 05), while the apoptotic rate of the cells in combined group was increased (P<0. 05). Compared with control group, the migration rates of the cells in apatinib group, RT group, and combined group were decreased (P<0. 05); compared with apatinib group and RT group, the migration rate of the cells in combined group was decreased (P<0. 05). Compared with control group, the levels of VEGF in the cell culture supernatant in apatinib group and combined group were decreased (P<0. 05); compared with apatinib and RT group, the level of VEGF in the cell culture supernatant in combined group was decreased (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Apatinib combined with radiotherapy significantly inhibits the proliferation and migration of the HepG2 cells in vitro and induces the apoptosis; its effect may be related to the inhibition of VEGF secretion by cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioblastoma（GBM）is the most common and malignant brain tumor in adults. The subventricular zone（SVZ）, as the most concentrated site of adult neural stem cells, may be the potential source of glioblastoma stem cells. Studies have shown that SVZ plays an important role in the occurrence, development, recurrence and metastasis of the disease, and SVZ involvement can be used as a adverse prognostic marker in GBM patients. Therefore, SVZ may be a target for radiotherapy in patients with GBM. Moreover, SVZ radiotherapy can improve the prognosis of GBM, but there have been many contradictory research results in recent years. In order to explore the clinical value of SVZ, it is necessary to discuss the latest research progress between SVZ and radiotherapy. This review summarizes the relevant theoretical basis research, lists and evaluates the existing clinical evidence, and explores the value of SVZ radiotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of China Medical University is the property of Journal of China Medical University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To explore the effect of continuous follow-up nutrition management in specialized outpatient clinics on nutritional index and hope level of nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy patients. Methods From October, 2021 to December, 2022, a total of 150 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who received radiotherapy in Henan Provincial People's Hospital were divided into two groups; the control group (routine nursing) and the observation group (continuous follow-up nutrition management in specialized outpatient clinics+routine nursing) by random number table method, and the intervention lasted for two months. The related indicators of the two groups were compared. Results Compared with the satisfaction rate [76. 00%(57/75)] and the total excellent and good rate of compliance [77. 33% (58/75)] of the control group. after intervention, the satisfaction rate [93. 33%(70/75)] and the total excellent and good rate of compliance [94. 67%(71/75)] of the observation group were higher(X²=8. 679. 9. 358,P<0. 05): Compared with before intervention. all the scores of hope level(maintaining close relationship with others, taking positive actions, facing reality and future positivity) of the two groups were increased after intervention and compared between the groups, the observation group [(12. 25±1. 23),(12. 37±1. 56),(13. 48±1. 35) points] was higher than the control group (t=7. 338. 7. 919. 9. 885, P<0. 05); Compared with before intervention, serum ALB. PA and HB levels in both groups were decreased(after intervention), but compared between the groups, the observation group(40. 58±4. 34)g/L, (249,55±16. 57)mg/L,(123. 78±14. 56)g/L] was higher than the control group(11. 434. 14. 150. 7. 513. P<0. 05). Conclusion The application of continuous follow-up nutrition management in specialized outpatient clinics for nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy patients can help to re- duce the influence of radiotherapy on the nutritional status of patients improve the hope level and compliance, and then improve the prognosis and satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the dynamic changes in cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and its relationship with mitochondrial-related gene expression in cervical cancer patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) . Methods A prospective longitudinal study was conducted from May 2021 to October 2022 at West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, involving 84 cervical cancer patients undergoing CCRT, with 42 patients in both the observation and control groups. CRF scores, depression scores, and six peripheral blood samples (pre-treatment and after the 1st-5th CCRT) were collected and compared with baseline data from the control group. Repeated measures, mitochondrial PCR arrays, and mixed linear models were used to analyze the trends in CRF at different treatment times, differential expression of mitochondrial-related genes, and their relationship with CRF. Results Compared to baseline, CRF worsened with increasing CCRT sessions (F=8.254, P=0.036) . Eight mitochondrial genes (EHD1, FIS1, SORL1, CXCR1, GAPDH, RAC2, ACTB, and BCL2 L1) were upregulated by more than 3-fold, while five genes (MTOR, PDK3, NSD1, MIPEP, and MSTO1) were downregulated by more than 5-fold. Nine mitochondrial genes (CXCR1, GAPDH, SORL1, MTOR, FIS1, EHD1, PDK3, NSD1, and MIPEP) showed a close association with CRF. Conclusion This study preliminarily identified nine mitochondrial genes associated with CRF, providing references for developing targeted drugs for CRF or formulating targeted nursing interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the predictive value of systemic immune inflammation index (SII) scores in longterm survival of patients with stage III squamous lung cancer treated with radical radiotherapy. Methods Clinical data of stage Ⅲ squamous lung cancer patients who underwent radical radiotherapy at the Radiotherapy Department of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2010 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The peripheral hematological indexes one week before radiotherapy were collected and recorded. X-Tile software was applied to determine the best cut-off values for continuous variables. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results A total of 453 patients were included in this study. There were 336 patients in the low SII group (＜1 277.3), and other 117 patients were in the high SII group (≥1 277.3). The median OS and median PFS in the high SII group were shorter than those in the low SII group (OS: 20.8 months vs. 31.0 months, Log-rank χ2 =18.015, P＜ 0.01; PFS: 13.0 months vs. 21.0 months, Log-rank χ2 =15.062, P＜0.01).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high SII was associated with OS (HR=1.628, 95%CI: 1.294-2.047, P < 0.001) and PFS (HR=1.559, 95%CI: 1.240-1.961, P < 0.001). Other influencing factors included late TNM stage, poor radiotherapy efficacy and decreased HALP score. Conclusion SII can be used to evaluate the long-term survival of patients with stage III lung squamous cell carcinoma receiving radical radiotherapy, and the increase of SII indicates a poor prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Esophageal cancer is predominantly diagnosed at a locally advanced or distant metastasis stage in patients. Once the disease progresses to the advanced stage, its prognosis is poor, and the median overall survival time of patients receiving traditional chemotherapy is less than one year. Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors has provided new opportunities to patients with esophageal cancer and changed the previous treatment pattern. Chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy (PD-1 inhibitor) has become the standard first-line treatment for advanced esophageal cancer. However, chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy have been reported a median overall survival time of only 12.4-17.2 months for patients. Such a survival time remains insufficient to meet clinical needs. Combining systemic treatment with local treatment and seeking new comprehensive treatment models are important research directions for improving. efficacy. This article reviews the research progress and prospects of radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women. With the development of genomics technology and medical frontier technology, the systemic treatment of breast cancer has gradually entered the era of personalized medicine. However, the decision-making of adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer still mainly relies on traditional clinicopathological factors, and there is a lack of scientific and reliable tools to guide precise radiotherapy in different populations. Hormone receptor (HR) positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative breast cancer is the most common molecular subtype of breast cancer. The 21-Gene recurrence score (RS) test (Oncotype Dx™, Genomic Health, Redwood City, CA) is a commercially available genomic test for breast cancer. In this article, we reviewed the current research evidence on the use of 21-Gene RS test for radiotherapy decision-making in HR-positive HER2-negative early breast cancer. Current clinical studies support the predictive value of 21-Gene RS test for adjuvant radiotherapy, and several large-scale prospective clinical studies in this area are underway.

More than 70% of tumor patients require radiotherapy. Medical electron linear accelerators are important high-end radiotherapy equipment for tumor radiotherapy. With the application of artificial intelligence technology in medical electron linear accelerator, radiotherapy has evolved from ordinary radiotherapy to today’s intelligent radiotherapy. This study introduces the development history, working principles and system composition of medical electron linear accelerators. It outlines the key technologies for improving the performance of medical linear electron accelerators, including beam control, multi-leaf collimator, guiding technology and dose evaluation. It also looks forward to the development trend of major radiotherapy technologies, such as biological guided radiotherapy, FLASH radiotherapy and intelligent radiotherapy, which provides references for the development of medical electron linear accelerators.

Objective: To explore the clinical effect of Yuchuang Zicao oil in improving radiation-induced skin mucosal injury caused by radiotherapy in patients with head and neck malignant tumor, so as to provide a new treatment method for radiation-induced skin mucosal injury caused by radiotherapy in patients with head and neck malignant tumor. Methods: A total of 100 patients with head and neck malignant tumors radiotherapy from March 2021 to March 2023 in Lu ’an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected as the research objects. The random number table was randomly divided into observation group and control group, 50 cases in each group. Both groups were treated with conformal intensity modulated radiation therapy, the control group was given routine radiotherapy skin management and education, while the observation group was treated with Yuchuang Zicao oil on the basis of the control group. The degree of skin mucosal injury, clinical efficacy, completion rate of radiotherapy, healing time of skin lesions, numerical rating scale (NRS) score, Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score, and dermatology life quality index (DLQI) score at 2, 4, and 6 weeks of radiotherapy; levels of inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-6 (IL-6), procalcitonin (PCT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) ] before radiotherapy and at 6 weeks of radiotherapy, and side effects were compared between the two groups. Results:The degree of skin mucosal injury in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P＜0.05) . The total effective rate of the observation group was 94.00 % higher than that of the control group 80.00 % (P＜0.05) . At 4 and 6 weeks of radiotherapy, the NRS score and DLQI score of the observation group were lower than those of the control group, and the KPS score was higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05) . The completion rate of radiotherapy in both groups was 100%, and the skin lesion healing time in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group (P＜0.05) . The levels of serum IL-6, PCT and hs-CRP in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at 6 weeks of radiotherapy (P＜0.05) . There were no skin adverse reactions such as rash, redness and itching caused by allergies in both groups. Conclusion: Yuchuang Zicao oil can effectively reduce the radiation-induced skin mucosal injury caused by radiotherapy for head and neck malignant tumor, reduce the level of serum inflammatory cytokines, promote the skin lesion healing time and improve the quality of life, and it has significant curative effect and high safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of radiotherapy combined with programmed death receptor ⁃ 1（PD ⁃ 1） inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors （TKIs） for the treatment of microsatellite-stabilized （MSS) ⁃type or mismatch⁃matched repair⁃normal （pMMR) ⁃type colorectal cancer with liver metastases （CCLM）. Methods Case data of 25 patients with MSS⁃type CCLM admitted to Jiangsu Provincial Cancer Hospital from April 2021 to August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into observation group （n = 12） and control group （n = 13）. The observation group was given radiotherapy combined with PD⁃1 inhibitor and TKI treatment, and the control group was given TKI monotherapy. The baseline data， treatment effect, progression⁃free survival, and treatment⁃related adverse reactions of patients in the two groups were compared. Results The difference in baseline data between the two groups was not statistically significant （P > 0.05), the disease control rate （DCR） of the observation group was higher than that of the control group （P < 0.05）， the progression⁃free survival （PFS） of the patients in the observation group was longer than that of the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant （P > 0.05), and the difference in the incidence of treatment⁃related adverse events （TRAE） between the two groups was not statistically significant （P > 0.05）. Conclusion The treatment regimen of radiotherapy combined with PD⁃1 inhibitors and TKI drugs improved clinical efficacy and did not increase the incidence of adverse events when compared with TKI alone， which is a treatment regimen worthy of further validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and prognostic factors of children with non-metastatic Ewing's sarcoma (ES). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 41 children with non-metastatic ES diagnosed and treated at the Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2010 to December 2018. All patients underwent chemotherapy based on the RMS-2009 protocol of the center, and local treatment such as surgery and/or radiotherapy was performed according to risk grouping. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates. Univariate prognostic analysis was performed using the log-rank test, and multivariate analysis was conducted with Cox regression. Results Of the 41 children, 21 were male and 20 were female. The median age at diagnosis was 7.7 years (range: 1.2-14.6 years). The median follow-up time for patients with event-free survival was 68.1 months (range: 8.1-151.7 months). As of the last follow-up, 33 patients were in complete remission, and the overall 5-year EFS and OS rates were (78±6)% and (82±6)%, respectively. Univariate analysis by the log-rank test showed that a tumor diameter ≥8 cm, time from diagnosis to start of local treatment 516 weeks, and incomplete surgical resection were associated with poor prognosis (P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that incomplete surgical resection (HR=8.381, 95%CI: 1.681-41.801, P=0.010) was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in children with ES. Secondary tumors occurred in 2 cases. Conclusions A comprehensive treatment strategy incorporating chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy can improve the prognosis of children with ES. Poor prognosis is associated with an initial tumor diameter ≥8 cm, while complete surgical resection and early initiation of local treatment can improve outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the effect of intermittent respiratory muscle training on the rehabilitation of patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy, and to provide reference for the rehabilitation of patients with head and neck cancer radiotherapy. Methods: A total of 92 patients with head and neck tumor radiotherapy from May 2022 to May 2023 in Sichuan Cancer Hospital were selected as the research objects and divided into control group and observation group according to random lottery method, with 46 cases in each group. The two groups of patients were treated with the same long-term radiotherapy regimen and radiotherapy dose, the control group received routine swallowing rehabilitation training, and the observation group received intermittent respiratory muscle training on the basis of the control group, both groups were trained for 2 weeks. Swallowing function, lung function, exercise endurance, negative emotion and quality of life were compared between the two groups before and after intervention. Results: After intervention, the scores of swallowing function in the observation group were higher than the control group (P<0.05), the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and peak inspiratory flow (PIF) were higher than the control group(P<0.05), the six-minute walking test (6MWT) distance was longer than the control group (P<0.05), the scores of beck anxiety inventory (BAI) and beck depression inventory (BDI) were lower than the control group (P<0.05), the QLQ-H&N35 score was lower than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Intermittent respiratory muscle training for patients with head and neck cancer radiotherapy can improve their swallowing function, lung function and exercise endurance, relieve their anxiety and depression, and improve their quality of life. It is a reasonable and effective rehabilitation program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of surgical excision, supertensioning suture combined with superficial radiotherapy in the treatment of keloid. Methods Retrospective analysis from June 2020 to January 2022, Department of Cosmetic Medicine, Qingdao Eighth People's Hospital,15 patients with keloid (19 pieces of keloids) were treated with weed with surgical excision, hypertension-suture incision, and received superficial radiotherapy within 24 hours after surgery. The patients were treated with 6 MeV electron irradiation, 5 times in a course of treatment, with a total dose of 15 Gy. Modified Vancouver Scar Scale (mVSS) and Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) were used before and after combination therapy. Follow-up was conducted for 12 months after treatment to observe the efficacy, adverse reactions and recurrence rate. Results The mVSS score and POSAS score of patients at 1 and 6 months after combined treatment decreased compared to before treatment, the total effective rate was 93.3%, there was only one recurrence, and the recurrence rate was 6.7%. The incidence of local pigmentation was 33.3% (5/15) from 1 to 3 months after radiotherapy, which all subsided after 6 to 9 months, and no complications such as delayed wound healing and dermatitis occurred. Conclusion Surgical excision, supertractive suture combined with superficial radiotherapy is a better treatment for keloid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the causes and therapeutic effects of pelvic pain caused by rectal fistula or bladder fistula after comprehensive treatment of cervical cancer and rectal cancer (radiotherapy, surgery, chemotherapy, and other treatments). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical and pathological data of patients with pelvic tumors admitted to the First People's Hospital of Yinchuan City, Ningxia and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2016 to June 2022. The causes of persistent pelvic pain in patients after comprehensive treatment was investigated, and the corresponding therapeutic effects after clinical treatment was observed. Results Thirty-two tumor patients experienced persistent pain after comprehensive treatment, including 22 cases of cervical cancer and 10 cases of rectal cancer. The preoperative pain of the entire group of patients was evaluated using the digital grading method, with a pain score of (7.88±1.31) points. Among the 32 patients, there were 16 cases of rectovaginal fistula or ileovaginal fistula, 9 cases of vesicovaginal fistula, 5 cases of rectoperineal fistula, and 2 cases of vesicovaginorectal fistula. Thirty-two patients were initially treated with medication to relieve pain, and according to the ruptured organs, a fistula was made to the corresponding proximal intestinal canal and renal pelvis to intercept the intestinal contents and urine. However, the pain did not significantly be improved. The pain score of treatment with the above methods for one week was (8.13±1.13) points, and there was no statistically significant difference compared to preoperative treatment (P=0.417). In the later stage, based on a comprehensive evaluation of whether the tumor had recurred, the value of organ preservation, the benefits of surgery, the balance between survival time and improving quality of life, pathological organ resection or repair was performed. The surgical methods included repair of leaks, local debridement combined with irrigation of proximal intestinal fluid, distal closure of the sigmoid colon combined with proximal ostomy, posterior pelvic organ resection, anterior pelvic organ resection, and total pelvic organ resection. One week after surgery, the patients' pain completely relieved or disappeared, with the pain score of (1.72±1.37) points, which was significantly divergent from the preoperative and initial surgical treatments (P＜ 0.001). Conclusions Palliative pyelostomy and proximal enterostomy cannot effectively alleviate persistent pelvic floor pain. The fundamental way to alleviate pain is complete blocking of the inflammatory erosion of the intestinal fluid and urine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the relationship between stress resistance, symptom interference, and cancer-related fatigue in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Methods A total of 336 cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from October 2020 to October 2021 were selected by convenient sampling. The related data were collected by general condition questionnaire, cancer fatigue scale (CFS), Chinese version memory symptom assessment scale (MSAS-Ch), and stress resistance scale (CD-RICS). Results The scores of cancer-related fatigues, stress resistance, and symptom disturbance were 30.55 ±8.26, 62.14 ±14.04, and 1.11 ± 0.38, respectively. The level of stress resistance played an intermediary role in symptom interference and cancer-related fatigue, accounting for 26.26% of the total effect. The level of stress resistance had a regulatory effect between symptom interference and cancer-related fatigue (3 = 0.102, AR2=0.382, P < 0.05). Conclusion The level of stress resistance plays a mediating effect and regulation between symptom interference and cancer-related fatigue. Encouraging patients to strengthen the level of stress resistance, strengthen positive psychological construction, and weaken the level of symptom interference is helpful to reduce cancer-related fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal is the property of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and purpose: BRCA1/2 plays an important role in maintaining the genome stability. Whether BRCA1/2 germline mutation could increase the tumor sensitivity to radiotherapy, thereby inducing secondary primary cancer after radiotherapy is unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether postoperative radiotherapy is a risk factor for the development of second primary cancer in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients with BRCA1/2 germline mutation. Methods: This research was based on a previously reported retrospective cohort, i.e., the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center TNBC cohort. Between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2014, a total of 292 female TNBC patients with BRCA1/2 mutation were enrolled. We performed logistic regression analysis in patients without BRCA1/2 germline mutation (n=261) and BRCA1/2 germline mutation patients (n=31), respectively, to assess the risk factors affecting the incidence of second primary cancer. We then performed interactive analysis on the above two analyses to evaluate the interactive effect between BRCA1/2 germline mutation and postoperative radiotherapy. P

Surface guided radiation therapy (SGRT) is a non-radiation, non-invasive technology that provides continuous postural monitoring of patients during radiotherapy. Using advanced 3D optical surface localization and tracking technology, SGRT quickly captures the surface contour information of patients through optical means to generate high-precision 3D surface contours, enabling real-time monitoring of patients during radiotherapy to ensure its accuracy. This image-guided technology has been widely applied in radiotherapy for tumors in different parts of the body, such as breast, intracranial, head and neck, and limbs. SGRT can reduce initial setup errors and provide real-time monitoring during treatment, or be combined with respiratory gating and deep inspiration breath-hold techniques. SGRT can also reduce radiation dose by reducing the use of CBCT, improve patient comfort with the use of immobilization devices, and enhance clinical speed, efficiency, and safety. This review aims to provide an overview of the commonly used technology and clinical applications of SGRT, and discuss its current limitations and future prospects.

Previously, radiotherapy was considered to directly kill tumor cells by deoxyribonucleic acid double-strand break. Recent studies have found that radiotherapy can also produce positive and effective anti-tumor effect by upregulating local and systemic immune responses. However, the immunomodulatory effect of radiotherapy is double-sided. On the one hand, it can activate anti-tumor immune-promoting effect, on the other hand, it may also produce immunosuppressive effect. The key molecular mechanisms of the positive regulation of adaptive and innate anti-tumor response by radiotherapy primarily include: induction of immunogenic cell death to promote the proliferation and activation of T lymphocytes; activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes pathway to induce type Ⅰ interferon response; changing the phenotype of tumor cells to enhance their immunogenicity and antigen visibility; stimulating tumor cells and stromal cells to release a variety of inflammatory factors and reshape the tumor immune microenvironment; upregulating the expression of immune checkpoint and death receptor on the surface of tumor cells to promote immune recognition and anti-tumor immune response. In addition, the mechanisms of negative immune suppression by radiotherapy mainly include: induction of tumor cells to upregulate the gene expression of multiple immunosuppressive factors; enhancing the function and effect of various immunosuppressive cells, including regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells; leading to the decreased number of lymphocytes and the depletion of immunologic effector cells. Based on the above exploration of the mechanisms and principle of the immunomodulatory effect of radiotherapy, significant progress has also been shown in the clinical practice of combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy, such as the abscopal effect in the context of immunotherapy era, that is, the effective anti-tumor immune responses generated outside the irradiation field of radiotherapy, as well as the increased efficacy benefit when stereotactic body radiation therapy or low-dose radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, at present, the synergistic mechanism of radiotherapy plus immunotherapy and its influencing factors are unclear. In the future, more in-depth investigations on optimal radiotherapy dose, segmentation regimens, irradiation sites and target volume design, immunotherapy agent selection and the sequence of combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy are necessary, in order to further improve efficacy and promote the translational application of immunomodulatory biological effects of radiotherapy. This article systematically reviewed the latest advancements of basic and clinical research on the immunomodulatory effect of radiotherapy and the synergy of combing radiotherapy with immunotherapy, aiming to provide guidance on the development of theoretical basis and clinical practice regarding the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy.

Objective To evaluate the short-term efficacy and quality of life of primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients after radiotherapy and pregabalin treatment for neuropathic pain with bone metastasis. Methods 32 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma bone metastases were treated with radiotherapy combined with pregabalin treatment.Then, we prospectively studied the analgesic efficacy for neuropathic pain and quality of life, used the brief pain inventory and douleur neuropathique 4 questionnaire (DN4) to evaluate pain at baseline, one and two months after radiotherapy, assessed pain response using the international consensus endpoint definition of bone metastasis, and used European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Research and Treatment Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and bone metastasis module (QLQ-BM22) for quality of life assessment. Results One and two months after radiotherapy, the average DN4 score of neuropathic pain decreased, and the objective pain relief rates were 62.8% and 68.6%, respectively.The physical, emotional, social, and role functional scores of EORTC QLQ-C30 functional scale significantly increased in the first month after radiotherapy.Symptom scale of pain (P=0.015), insomnia (P=0.035), and loss of appetite (P=0.022) improved, and fatigue was aggravated (P < 0.05).Two months after radiotherapy, the mean overall health score and all functional scale scores significantly increased than those at baseline.The scores of all symptom scales decreased, except fatigue, constipation, and financial difficulties (P < 0.05).In addition, pain responders showed significant improvement in emotional function (P=0.025) and physical function (P=0.029) in the functional scale and in pain (P=0.014) and fatigue (P=0.035) in the symptom scale.The QLQ-BM22 score showed that the painful sites (P=0.021) and pain characteristics (P=0.04) of the responders significantly improved compared with those of nonresponders two months after radiotherapy. Conclusion Radiotherapy combined with pregabalin can relieve neuropathic pain caused by bone metastasis from primary hepatocellular carcinoma and greatly improve the quality of life, particularly in pain responders.

Objective To analyze the efficacy of the 3D printing compensation film in the postoperation radiotherapy for breast cancer patients after immediate breast reconstruction. Methods A total of 11 patients who underwent immediate breast reconstruction after modified radical mastectomy in Hunan Cancer Hospital from November 2021 to May 2022 were selected. The same sequence was used to perform CT positioning scanning after covering the 3D printing compensation film and the commercial compensation film, and the air gap, target area and organs at risk were delineated. Two intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans were designed with the same parameters (Plan A: 3D printing compensation film; Plan B: commercial compensation film). The differences between the two plans were analyzed with respect to air gap, homogeneity index (HI), new conformity index (nCI), the mean dose (Dmean), V5, V20, V30 of the lung on the affected side lung, the cardiac dose V30 and the healthy side breast Dmean. Results The air gap volume of Plan A was smaller than that of Plan B［(8.029±2.542) cm3 vs (20.048±4.372) cm3, t=-5.300, P<0.001］. Compared with those of Plan B, the HI［(0.134±0.008) % vs (0.161±0.016) %, t=-2.246, P=0.049］, the healthy breast Dmean［(159.909±17.925) cGy vs (173.364±19.248) cGy, t=-2.343, P=0.041］and the lung on the affected side lung V20［(25.782±0.876) % vs (26.373±0.836) %, t=-2.334, P=0.042) of Plan A were decreased, and the nCI was increased［0.79% (IQR: 0.77%-0.83%) vs 0.78% (IQR: 0.75%-0.81%), Z=-2.316, P=0.021］, but there was no significant difference in cardiac dose V30, and the affected side lung Dmean, V5 and V30 (all P>0.05). Conclusions In patients with immediate breast reconstruction after radiotherapy for breast cancer, the 3D printing compensation film has advantages over the commercial compensation film with respect to fitness to skin, dose distribution and uniformity in the target area, improving the epidermal dose while reducing the dose of exposure to organs at risk, and has certain potential value in clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: BRCA1/2 plays an important role in maintaining the genome stability. Whether BRCA1/2 germline mutation could increase the tumor sensitivity to radiotherapy, thereby inducing secondary primary cancer after radiotherapy is unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether postoperative radiotherapy is a risk factor for the development of second primary cancer in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients with BRCA1/2 germline mutation. Methods: This research was based on a previously reported retrospective cohort, i.e., the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center TNBC cohort. Between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2014, a total of 292 female TNBC patients with BRCA1/2 mutation were enrolled. We performed logistic regression analysis in patients without BRCA1/2 germline mutation (n=261) and BRCA1/2 germline mutation patients (n=31), respectively, to assess the risk factors affecting the incidence of second primary cancer. We then performed interactive analysis on the above two analyses to evaluate the interactive effect between BRCA1/2 germline mutation and postoperative radiotherapy. P<0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference. The research was approved by Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center TNBC Ethics Committee (050432-4-2108), and each patient provided written informed consent. Results: Logistic regression analysis in patients with BRCA1/2 germline mutations showed that postoperative radiotherapy significantly increased the risk of secondary primary disease compared to non-radiotherapy[odds ratio (OR)=2.475, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.933-3.167, P<0.001]. In patients without BRCA1/2 germline mutation, the effect of radiotherapy on the incidence of second primary tumor was not significant. There was a significant interaction between BRCA1/2 germline mutation and postoperative radiotherapy for the incidence of secondary primary cancer (OR=9.710, 95% CI: 0.320-295.250, P=0.193). Conclusion: Although statistical analysis results show that patients with BRCA1/2 germline mutations have an increased risk of developing a second primary tumor after postoperative radiotherapy compared to patients who have not received radiotherapy, there is no significant correlation between BRCA1/2 germline mutations and radiotherapy for the development of a second primary tumor. Therefore, patients with BRCA1/2 germline mutations who receive radiotherapy after surgery may not increase the risk of developing a second primary tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare is the property of Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery is the property of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Previously, radiotherapy was considered to directly kill tumor cells by deoxyribonucleic acid double-strand break. Recent studies have found that radiotherapy can also produce positive and effective anti-tumor effect by upregulating local and systemic immune responses. However, the immunomodulatory effect of radiotherapy is double-sided. On the one hand, it can activate anti-tumor immune-promoting effect, on the other hand, it may also produce immunosuppressive effect. The key molecular mechanisms of the positive regulation of adaptive and innate anti-tumor response by radiotherapy primarily include: induction of immunogenic cell death to promote the proliferation and activation of T lymphocytes; activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthasestimulator of interferon genes pathway to induce type Ⅰ interferon response; changing the phenotype of tumor cells to enhance their immunogenicity and antigen visibility; stimulating tumor cells and stromal cells to release a variety of inflammatory factors and reshape the tumor immune microenvironment; upregulating the expression of immune checkpoint and death receptor on the surface of tumor cells to promote immune recognition and anti-tumor immune response. In addition, the mechanisms of negative immune suppression by radiotherapy mainly include: induction of tumor cells to upregulate the gene expression of multiple immunosuppressive factors; enhancing the function and effect of various immunosuppressive cells, including regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells; leading to the decreased number of lymphocytes and the depletion of immunologic effector cells. Based on the above exploration of the mechanisms and principle of the immunomodulatory effect of radiotherapy, significant progress has also been shown in the clinical practice of combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy, such as the abscopal effect in the context of immunotherapy era, that is, the effective anti-tumor immune responses generated outside the irradiation field of radiotherapy, as well as the increased efficacy benefit when stereotactic body radiation therapy or low-dose radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, at present, the synergistic mechanism of radiotherapy plus immunotherapy and its influencing factors are unclear. In the future, more in-depth investigations on optimal radiotherapy dose, segmentation regimens, irradiation sites and target volume design, immunotherapy agent selection and the sequence of combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy are necessary, in order to further improve efficacy and promote the translational application of immunomodulatory biological effects of radiotherapy. This article systematically reviewed the latest advancements of basic and clinical research on the immunomodulatory effect of radiotherapy and the synergy of combing radiotherapy with immunotherapy, aiming to provide guidance on the development of theoretical basis and clinical practice regarding the combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the short-term efficacy and quality of life of primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients after radiotherapy and pregabalin treatment for neuropathic pain with bone metastasis. Methods 32 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma bone metastases were treated with radiotherapy combined with pregabalin treatment. Then, we prospectively studied the analgesic efficacy for neuropathic pain and quality of life, used the brief pain inventory and douleur neuropathique 4 questionnaire (DN4) to evaluate pain at baseline, one and two months after radiotherapy, assessed pain response using the international consensus endpoint definition of bone metastasis, and used European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Research and Treatment Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and bone metastasis module (QLQ-BM22) for quality of life assessment. Results One and two months after radiotherapy, the average DN4 score of neuropathic pain decreased, and the objective pain relief rates were 62.8% and 68.6%, respectively. The physical, emotional, social, and role functional scores of EORTC QLQ-C30 functional scale significantly increased in the first month after radiotherapy. Symptom scale of pain (P=0.015), insomnia (P=0.035), and loss of appetite (P=0.022) improved, and fatigue was aggravated (P<0.05). Two months after radiotherapy, the mean overall health score and all functional scale scores significantly increased than those at baseline. The scores of all symptom scales decreased, except fatigue, constipation, and financial difficulties (P<0.05). In addition, pain responders showed significant improvement in emotional function (P=0.025) and physical function (P=0.029) in the functional scale and in pain (P=0.014) and fatigue (P=0.035) in the symptom scale. The QLQ-BM22 score showed that the painful sites (P=0.021) and pain characteristics (P=0.04) of the responders significantly improved compared with those of nonresponders two months after radiotherapy. Conclusion Radiotherapy combined with pregabalin can relieve neuropathic pain caused by bone metastasis from primary hepatocellular carcinoma and greatly improve the quality of life, particularly in pain responders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal is the property of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Malnutrition is a common complication in patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer. This paper reviewed the studies on nutrition support and nursing management of patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer, and provided reference for clinical nursing practice. (营养不良是食管癌放化疗患者常见的并发症, 不仅影响整体治疗效果, 严重者可危及生命安全。本研究就食管癌放化疗患者营养支持及护理现状进行综述, 旨在为开展临床相关护理干预工作提供参考。)

Objective To analyze the clinicopathological data of patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) and papillary thyroid non-microcarcinoma (non-PTMC) who received 131I therapy retrospectively, and compare the therapeutic response of the two groups of patients, so as to guide 131I therapy decisions for PTMC patients. Methods A total of 1 118 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) underwent 131I therapy in the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from January 2015 to December 2020 were enrolled. Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the differences of clinicopathological features and 131I therapy， therapeutic response between two groups. The incomplete response （IR）rate curves of the two groups were plotted by Kaplan-Meier analysis.Results The proportion of patients with multifocal, involvement of bilateral thyroid lobes in PTMC group were higher than those in non-PTMC group, and the proportion of patients with extra-thyroid extension, T4, N1b, stimulated thyroglobulin(sTg)>10 μg/L, and high risk stratified were lower than those in non-PTMC group (P0.05). Conclusions PTMC has a certain degree of invasiveness. As long as the patients were comprehensively evaluated and the standard 131I therapy was adopted, the treatment outcomes of patients with PTMC and non-PTMC were roughly the same. Therefore, the clinical value of the definition of PTMC is extremely limited in the formulation of 131I therapeutic dose regimens.

Radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) is a common long-term complication of radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and seriously affects the quality of life and overall survival of patients. In the era of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), the long-term complications after radiotherapy, especially RBI, are becoming increasingly concerning because a number of treated patients with NPC obtain long-term survival. At present, the understanding of RBI is still being explored, and its pathogenesis and treatment methods are continuously updated. This article reviews the research progress of RBI in patients with NPC.

External radiation therapy and radionuclidebased therapies are widely used in clinical practice, particularly in the treatment of various tumors. After ionizing radiation acts on the body, its direct or indirect effects have different biological effects on the molecules, cells, tissues, and organs of the body. Deep research and understanding of ionizing radiation and its biological effects are important for efficient application of nuclear technology. This paper reviews the use of ionizing radiation in medicine and its radiobiological effects in order to serve as a reference for the wider application of nuclear technology in medicine.