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The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of alfalfa substitution with different proportions of Sophora alopecuroides L. on the growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, and immune indexes of Hyla rabbits. A total of one hundred and twenty 35-day-old healthy Hyla rabbits with similar body weight were randomly divided into four groups with five replicates per group and six rabbits per replicate. The rabbits in the control group were fed a basal diet, and the others in the experimental groups were fed 4%, 8%, and 12% Sophora alopecuroides L. instead of alfalfa in the basal diet, respectively. The pre-test lasted for 14 days and the formal test lasted for 56 days. The results showed that compared with the control group, the average daily gain and body weight at the 28th and 56th days in 4% group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the feed to gain ratio was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The live weight, half evisceration rate, and full evisceration rate were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the serum globulin (GLB) content of experimental groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the activities of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly increased (P<0.05). Serum glucose (GLU) and total cholesterol (TG) concentrations in 8% and 12% groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Thymus weight and thymus index in 8% group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and liver index was significantly increased (P<0.05). The concentrations of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M(IgM) in 4% group were significantly increased (P<0.05). The results show that when the upper limit of Sophora alopecuroides L. is 8%, and the supplemental amount of Sophora alopecuroides L. is 4%, the breeding effect of meat rabbits is the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Scholars at home and abroad consider New Zealand rabbits to be an ideal model animal because of the similar anatomical morphology of the lumbar spine to that of the human lumbar spine. There is a lack of systematic comparison of different ways to establish rabbit intervertebral disc degeneration models under X-ray guidance. OBJECTIVE: To establish a rabbit model of lumbar disc degeneration using X-ray guided acupuncture, end-plate injection and combined method, and to compare the modeling effects of these three methods. METHODS: Eighteen 6-month-old New Zealand white rabbits were randomly selected and divided into four groups: acupuncture group, endplate injection group, combined group and blank control group. In the acupuncture group, three consecutive segments of the intervertebral discs (L2/3, L3/4, L4/5) were needled and modeled; in the endplate injection group, 50 μL of anhydrous ethanol was injected at a single point on the endplates of the three consecutive segmental discs; in the combined group, three consecutive segmental intervertebral discs were needled and injected with 50 μL of anhydrous ethanol at four azimuthal points on the endplates of the corresponding segmental discs; and the blank control group received no interventions. X-ray examination was performed to measure the disc height index at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery. The intervertebral disc tissues were then taken for anatomical observation and pathological examination. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Anatomical examination showed that fibrous annulus rupture, nucleus pulposus degeneration, and total disc structure disorder were the main manifestation in the acupuncture group, endplate injection group, and combined group, respectively. (2) X-ray examination showed that the disc height index showed the most obvious reduction in the acupuncture group at 2 weeks after operation, significant reductions in the endplate injection group at 2 and 4 weeks after operation, and significant reductions in the combined group at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after operation. (3) Pathological examination showed that the fibrous ring structure was damaged and the inner annulus fibrosus protruded inward in the acupuncture group; endplate fissure, disordered arrangement and nucleus loss were observed in the endplate injection group; total disc structure disorder with the nucleus pulposus losing water and shrinking and no obvious border with the broken annulus fibrosus was found in the combined group. To conclude, acupuncture, endplate injection and the modified endplate injection method can establish the rabbit intervertebral disc degeneration model. Compared with the single method, the modified endplate injection method can greatly accelerate and aggravate the degeneration of the intervertebral disc, and can effectively shorten the experiment period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the postmortem diffusion rule of Aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in poisoned rabbits, and to provide a reference for identifying the antemortem poisoning or postmortem poisoning of Aconitum alkaloids. Methods Twenty-four rabbits were sacrificed by tracheal clamps. After 1 hour, the rabbits were administered with aconitine LD50 in decocting aconite root powder by intragastric administration. Then, they were placed supine and stored at 25 ℃. The biological samples from 3 randomly selected rabbits were collected including heart blood, peripheral blood, urine, heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney tissues at 0 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h after intragastric administration, respectively. Aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in the biological samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （HPLC-MS/MS）. Results At 4 h after intragastric administration, Aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites could be detected in heart blood, peripheral blood and major organs, and the contents of them changed dynamically with the preservation time. The contents of Aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites were higher in the spleen, liver and lung, especially in the spleen which was closer to the stomach. The average mass fraction of benzoylmesaconine metabolized in rabbit spleen was the highest at 48 h after intragastric administration. In contrast, the contents of Aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in kidney were all lower. Aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites were not detected in urine. Conclusion Aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites have postmortem diffusion in poisoned rabbits, diffusing from high-content organs （stomach） to other major organs and tissues as well as the heart blood. The main mechanism is the dispersion along the concentration gradient, while urine is not affected by postmortem diffusion, which can be used as the basis for the identification of antemortem and postmortem Aconitum alkaloids poisoning.

Objective: To compare similarities and differences in expression changes of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CT-LA-4) and programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) in immunosuppressed rabbits under different moxibustion interventions. Methods: Twenty large-eared white rabbits were randomly divided into normal group, model group, moxa stick moxibustion (MSM) group and herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion (HPM) group, with five rabbits in each group. CTX-induced immunosuppressed models were prepared by intraperitoneal injection for 7 consecutive days. After successful modeling, MSM and HPM were performed on alternate days for 10 treatments. Rabbits were anesthetized after treatment, and serum, liver and spleen were collected. Serum PD-1 and PD-L1 contents were detected by ELISA. PD-1 in liver tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry, and CTLA-4 mRNA in liver and spleen tissues were detected by RT-qPCR. Results: Both HPM and MSM could reduce PD-1 and PD-L1 levels due to immunosuppression, and could effectively suppress elevated levels of CTLA-4 in spleen and PD-1 and CTLA-4 in liver, which were statistically different compared with immunosuppression model group (P<0.05). Pearson correlation test showed that CTLA-4 and PD-1 in liver tissue had significant positive correlation (r=0.780 7, P<0.001). Conclusion: HPM can improve body immune function by regulating multiple immunosuppressive sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of adding Modified Zhizhu Powder to diet on the growth performance, blood routine examination, serum biochemical indexes, and intestinal digestive enzymes of weaned rabbits. Ninety 35-day-old healthy New Zealand white rabbits with similar weight were randomly divided into five groups with six replicates in each group and three rabbits in each replicate. The rabbits in the control group were fed with basal diet, while the experimental group was fed with 2‰ enrofloxacin powder and 1‰, 3‰, and 5‰ Modified Zhizhu Powder, respectively. The pre-test period was seven days, and the formal test period was 14 days. The results showed that compared with the control group, the average daily gain of weaned rabbits in the Modified Zhizhu Powder group increased significantly (P<0.05), the diarrhea rate decreased significantly, and there was no death of rabbits. Compared with the control group, the immune organ index of weaned rabbits in the Modified Zhizhu Powder group increased significantly (P<0.05), and it was dose-dependent. Compared with the control group, the number of white blood cells, lymphocytes, and neutrophils in the Modified Zhizhu Powder group decreased significantly (P<0.05). The content of immunoglobulin in 5‰ Modified Zhizhu Powder group increased significantly (P<0.05). Modified Zhizhu Powder can enhance the secretion of lipase, α-amylase, cellulase, and trypsin in small intestine, and promote the absorption of energy in intestinal tract of young rabbits by up-regulating the gene expression level of glucose transporter in small intestine. The study indicates that the addition of Modified Zhizhu Powder in the diet of weaned rabbits can improve the growth performance, enhance the immune function, reduce the inflammatory level of the body, and improve the digestion and absorption capacity of intestinal tract. The suitable addition level of Modified Zhizhu Powder in diet is 3‰~5‰. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to study the effects of different fiber sources feeds on the growth performance, slaughter performance, immune organ development, and antioxidant capacity of rabbits. In the study, 96 healthy 35-dayold Ira meat rabbits with similar weight were randomly divided into four groups, with eight replicates in each group and three rabbits in each replicate. The four experimental groups used soybean husk, rice straw, peanut seedling, and alfalfa as the only fiber source to prepare full-price diets. The pre-test period was seven days, and the formal test period was 30 days. The results showed that the final weight and average daily gain of soybean husk group, peanut seedling group, and alfalfa group were significantly higher than those of the straw group (P<0.05), and the average daily feed intake of the straw group, peanut seedling group, and alfalfa group was significantly higher than that of soybean husk group (P<0.05). The live weight before slaughter of soybean husk group, peanut seedling group, and alfalfa group was significantly higher than that of straw group (P<0.05), and the carcass weight, semi eviscerated weight, and eviscerated weight of peanut seedling group and alfalfa group were significantly higher than those of straw group (P<0.05). The liver index of alfalfa group was significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05), and the index of round sac was significantly higher than that of soybean husk group and peanut seedling group (P<0.05). The serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the soybean husk group was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.05). The study indicates that alfalfa has the best comprehensive performance as a fiber source for rabbit diet, and peanut seedlings is second only to alfalfa and better than soybean husk and straw. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the postmortem diffusion rule of Aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in poisoned rabbits, and to provide a reference for identifying the antemortem poisoning or post-mortem poisoning of Aconitum alkaloids. Methods Twenty-four rabbits were sacrificed by tracheal clamps. After 1 hour, the rabbits were administered with aconitine LD50 in decocting aconite root powder by intragastric administration. Then, they were placed supine and stored at 25 °C. The biological samples from 3 randomly selected rabbits were collected including heart blood, peripheral blood, urine, heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney tissues at 0 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h after intragastric administration, respectively. Aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in the biological samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Results At 4 h after intragastric administration, Aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites could be detected in heart blood, peripheral blood and major organs, and the contents of them changed dynamically with the preservation time. The contents of Aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites were higher in the spleen, liver and lung, especially in the spleen which was closer to the stomach. The average mass fraction of benzoylmesaconine metabolized in rabbit spleen was the highest at 48 h after intragastric administration. In contrast, the contents of Aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in kidney were all lower. Aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites were not detected in urine. Conclusion Aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites have postmortem diffusion in poisoned rabbits, diffusing from high-content organs (stomach) to other major organs and tissues as well as the heart blood. The main mechanism is the dispersion along the concentration gradient, while urine is not affected by postmortem diffusion, which can be used as the basis for the identification of antemortem and postmortem Aconitum alkaloids poisoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment was conducted to research the effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis and yeast culture on performance, nutrient digestibility, serum immunity, antioxidant capacity and stress tolerance of Hyla rabbits. A total of 396 healthy 35-day-old weaned Hyla rabbits with an initial average body weight of (0.979±0.037) kg were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 11 replicates per treatment, and 9 rabbits per replicate. The dietary treatment groups were as follows: basal diet (control group); adding 1 000 mg/kg Bacillus subtilis; adding 3 000 mg/kg yeast culture and adding 1 000 mg/kg Bacillus subtilis +3 000 mg/kg yeast culture. The whole trial lasted for 30 days. Compared with the control group, dietary supplemented with 3 000 mg/kg yeast culture significantly increased average daily gain (ADG) and decreased feed to gain ratio (F/G) during 1-15 days (P<0.05), and dietary supplemented with 1 000 mg/kg Bacillus subtilis +3 000 mg/kg yeast culture significantly increased ADG and decreased F/G during 16-30 days (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the other three groups increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein(CP) in weaned rabbits (P<0.05), dietary supplemented with 3 000 mg/kg yeast culture or combined with 1 000 mg/kg Bacillus subtilis increased the apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM) and ether extract (EE) in weaned rabbits (P<0.05), and dietary supplemented with 1 000 mg/kg Bacillus subtilis +3 000 mg/kg yeast culture increased the apparent digestibility of crude fiber (CF) in weaned rabbits (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, dietary supplemented with 3 000 mg/kg yeast culture or combined with 1 000 mg/kg Bacillus subtilis enhanced the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), increased the contents of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and decreased the contents of aldosterone, cortisol and K/Na in serum of weaner rabbits (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the other three groups could increase the contents of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), immunoglobulin A (IgA) and G (IgG), and decrease the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum of weaned rabbits (P<0.05). Compared with the other groups, the content of serum lysozyme in Bacillus subtilis and yeast culture supplemented group was increased (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplemented with 3 000 mg/kg yeast culture or combined with 1 000 mg/kg Bacillus subtilis can increase nutrient apparent digestibility, enhance immunity, antioxidant capacity and antistress ability, and improve growth performance in weaned rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to investigate the effects of 'Zhang Za Gu' on the semen quality and serum biochemical indexes in male breeder rabbits. Thirty-six healthy adult Iraqi male rabbits with good sexual desire were randomly divided into six groups, with six replicates in each group and one breeder rabbits in each replicate. Rabbits in each group were fed diets containing 0, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% 'Zhang Za Gu', respectively. The pretrial period was seven days, and the pretrial period was 90 days. The results showed that, compared to day 30, sperm motility and sperm density of the experimental groups increased on the 60th day and the 90 th day ( P<0.05), while semen volume and sperm abnormality rate showed no significant changes ( P>0.05). Different levels of 'Zhang Za Gu' had no significant impact on the serum biochemical indices of male breeder rabbits ( P>0.05). The study indicates that considering factors such as feed cost and semen quality, the optimal effect is observed when 'Zhang Za Gu' appending proportion is 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to investigate the impact of different levels of quercetagetin on the slaughter performance, organ index, meat quality, and meat nutrient composition in Ira rabbits. A total of 200 healthy rabbits, with an initial weight of (1 184.75±181.44) g at 35 days old, were randomly divided into five groups, with eight replicates in each group and five rabbits in each replicate. The control group was fed a basic diet, while the experimental groups were fed diets supplemented with 5, 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg of QG, respectively. The pre-trial period lasted for five days, and the formal experimental period lasted for 28 days. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the final weight of rabbits among the experimental groups compared to the control group ( P>0.05). Compared with the control group, there was a tendency to increase the half-eviscerated yield rate in the 50 mg/kg QG group ( P>0.05), and there was no differences on other indices of slaughter performance among the experimental groups ( P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the addition of 75 mg/kg QG increased the spleen index of rabbits ( P<0.05), and different doses of QG increased the kidney and thymus indices ( P<0.05). Adding 75 mg/kg QG reduced steaming loss compared to the control group ( P<0.05). Adding 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg QG increased the crude fat content in the back longissimus muscle of the rabbits ( P<0.05). The study indicates that the inclusion of QG in the diet promotes organ development, improves meat quality, and increases the crude fat content in rabbit meat. The suitable addition level of QG in the rabbit diet is 50-75 mg/kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yes associated protein 1 (YAP1) plays an important role in regulating the organ size, tumor development, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in mammalian tissues. In this study, in order to explore the biological function of YAP1 for muscle growth and development in New Zealand white rabbit. The YAP1 gene was cloned from the leg muscle of the New Zealand white rabbit by RT-PCR, and we analyzed its function by bioinformatics, its expression pattern and subcellular localization, its transcriptional activity and functions involved in regulating muscle tissue growth and development. The results showed that the length of YAP1 was 1302 bp, encoding 433 amino acids. It is a hydrophilic protein with an Isoelectric point of 5. 10. There was no signal peptide or transmembrane region in YAP1, and its structure was mainly composed of irregular curls. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that it was closely related to sheep and distantly related to mice. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that it is expressed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. RT-qPCR results indicated that YAP1 was expressed in the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, ovaries, uterus, and muscles of New Zealand white rabbits, but the expression level was the highest in leg muscle tissues. Dual luciferase assays showed that the promoter activity of 8xGTIIC was significantly enhanced by mutating Ser-127 to Ala (YAP1-S127A). Overexpression of YAP1 in muscle cells can accelerate the proliferation of muscle cells, while upregulating the mRNA expression levels of MYH6 and MYOG genes, and MYH6 and MYOD protein levels, and inhibiting the mRNA expression level of MSTN. The above results suggest that YAP1 plays an important role in the muscle growth and development of New Zealand white rabbits. This study lays the foundation for further elucidating the molecular mechanism by which YAP1 regulates muscle growth and development, and providing a theoretical basis and genetic resources for improving rabbit breeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZEA is a highly toxic and low molecular weight mycotoxin produced by Fusarium strain, which is widely present in maize, wheat and other crops. In the process of rabbit breeding, the use of ZEA contaminated feed will cause serious damage to the rabbit's liver, kidney, digestive system, immune system and other structural functions. As an estrogen analogue, ZEA also affects the growth and reproductive performance of rabbits by interfering with estrogen levels. In the paper, the metabolic process of ZEA in rabbits and its toxicity to rabbits were reviewed. The research progress of microorganisms (such as yeast, Bacillus, etc.), natural plant extracts (such as curcumin, quercetin, etc.) and antioxidants (such as selenium, melatonin, etc.) in alleviating the toxicity of ZEA were emphasized. It is expected to provide some reference for solving ZEA pollution problem and promoting healthy development of rabbits breeding industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The resampling of traditional particle filter algorithm causes particle scarcity and needs to increase the number of particles to improve the estimation accuracy. In this paper, a particle recombination particle filter algorithm based on multi-strategy artificial rabbits optimization algorithm is proposed. First, the introduction of the median line algorithm improves the convergence speed of the artificial rabbit algorithm, and through its foraging and hiding mechanism, the optimal particle guides the particle set to move towards the high likelihood region, thereby improving estimation accuracy. Second, the particle density near the optimal particle is calculated in real-time. Adaptive adjustment is made to the number of iterations when the density exceeds the set threshold whereas a self disturbance strategy is introduced to increase sample diversity when it exceeds the maximum density value. Finally, the resampling stage recombines the retained particles and the remaining particles into new particles to increase particle diversity. The performance of the improved algorithm in SLAM is verified through simulation experiments. The results show the algorithm achieves higher accuracy and better robustness in pose and landmark estimation compared with other three algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the influence of the staining phenomenon after fluorescein sodium staining on eye irritation in normal rabbits. Methods In the experimental rabbit eye irritation test conducted with sodium chloride eye drops, Siwei Zhenceng Bingpeng eye drops, sodium hyaluronate eye drops, sodium cromoglycate eye drops, and compound aspartate eye drops (4 in each group, half male and half female), the left eyes of rabbits were administered normal saline (self-negative control) and the right eyes were administered the experimental medicine; the eyes were stained with 1% sodium fluorescein, and eye irritation was observed and scored using slit lamp microscope for 31 days. Morphological changes of corneal epithelial staining were recorded and the incidence of staining was calculated. After the observation, the eyeballs and Hasselblad glands were examined histopathologically, and the staining rate of the left eye was compared with that of the right eye which was administered the corresponding medicine. Results Neither eye had any irritation symptoms; the scores were 0, and the total incidences of corneal staining were 3% (left) and 1% (right), respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Corneal epithelial staining showed single-spot staining, scattered dot, localized, or large areas of fusion staining. No histopathological changes were found in the eyeballs or Hasselblad glands, and the results were evaluated as non-irritative. Conclusion The irregularity of corneal epithelial staining in rabbits did not influence the results of the ocular irritation test.

Objective To explore the filling effect of cross-linked sodium hyaluronate gel with PLLA-b-PEG microsphere （PLLA-b-PEG/HA）on subcutaneous tissue of experimental rabbits and to investigate its impact on the level of collagen synthesis in the subcutaneous tissue. Methods From November 2022 to May 2023, rabbit subcutaneous tissue was injected with PLLA-b-PEG/HA, and after 4, 12 and 26 weeks, samples were collected for analysis at the Plastic & Aesthetic Surgery Center of Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital. Histopathological examination was used to analyze the tissue response, collagen synthesis, and different collagen ratios in the implanted area. Results In the dorsal injection site of rabbits, the presence of implanted microspheres led to a gradual increase in the development of fibrous capsules and microvessel quantity at 4, 12, and 26 weeks post-injection. Furthermore, there was a progressive increase observed in the production of newly synthesized collagen fibers. At each time point following injection, there was a significant increase in collagen content in the injection area. Moreover, a statistically significant difference (P＜0.05) was observed when comparing the collagen volume ratio at 12 and 26 weeks post-injection to that at 4 weeks post-injection. The proportion of type I collagen decreased, while the proportion of type III collagen increased after injection. Conclusion PLLA-b-PEG/HA can effectively increase the amount of subcutaneous collagen and has a significant filling effect. This indicates that PLLA-b-PEG/HA can promote the regeneration of fibrous tissue in the body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The imagery of rabbit-shaped motifs on bronze wares during the late Shang, Western and Eastern Zhou Dynasties changed. In the late Shang Dynasty, rabbit-shaped motifs were combined with other animal-shaped motifs to serve as a medium of communication with ancestral gods in rituals. During the Western Zhou period, the variety of rabbit-shaped bronze wares increased, rabbit-shaped motifs appeared separately and became more three-dimensional, and the users changed from the Yin people to the Zhou people. In terms of the location and number of rabbit-shaped bronze wares from the tombs of the Marquis of the State of Jin, and the great importance attached by the Zhou people to the reproduction of descendants, the rabbit-shaped bronze wares might express the good wishes of the Marquis of the State of Jin for the prosperity of his descendants and the continuation of ancestral shrine sacrifice. During the Eastern Zhou period, the imagery of rabbit changed again when the nomads in the north decorated the shape of rabbit on daily necessities and carriages, which reflected the life scenes of nomadic tribes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the effect of fermented Chinese herbal additives on growth performance, immune function and antioxidant capacity of Saibei rabbits. A total of 200 thirty-day-old rabbits were randomly divided into five groups, which were control group Ⅰ (basal diet), control group Ⅱ (basal diet + 0.5% unfermented Chinese herbs), group Ⅰ (basal diet + 0.5% fermented Chinese herbs), group Ⅱ (basal diet + 1.0% fermented Chinese herbs) and group Ⅲ (basal diet + 1.5% fermented Chinese herbs), respectively, with four replicates in each group and ten rabbits in each replicate. The experiment lasted for 30 d. The results showed that the feed to gain ratio in experimental groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the average daily gain was significantly increased (P<0.05). The content of TP, ALB, GH and IGF-Ⅰ in serum of experimental groups were significantly higher than those of control group Ⅰ (P<0.05). The content of TC, TG, GLU, LDL and MDA in serum of rabbits in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Serum T-AOC, the activity of CAT, SOD, GSH-Px, the content of HDL, IgA, IgG, IgM, IL-6, IFN-γ were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with control group Ⅰ, spleen index and thymus index of rabbits in experimental groups were significantly increased (P<0.05). The study indicates that fermented Chinese herbs can effectively improve the growth performance, immune function and antioxidant capacity of Saibei rabbits, and the effect of 1.0% supplementation is better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the influence of the staining phenomenon after fluorescein sodium staining on eye irritation in normal rabbits. Methods In the experimental rabbit eye irritation test conducted with sodium chloride eye drops, Siwei Zhenceng Bingpeng eye drops, sodium hyaluronate eye drops, sodium cromoglycate eye drops, and compound aspartate eye drops (4 in each group, half male and half female), the left eyes of rabbits were administered normal saline (self-negative control) and the right eyes were administered the experimental medicine; the eyes were stained with 1% sodium fluorescein, and eye irritation was observed and scored using slit lamp microscope for 31 days. Morphological changes of corneal epithelial staining were recorded and the incidence of staining was calculated. After the observation, the eyeballs and Hasselblad glands were examined histopathologically, and the staining rate of the left eye was compared with that of the right eye which was administered the corresponding medicine. Results Neither eye had any irritation symptoms; the scores were 0, and the total incidences of corneal staining were 3% (left) and 1% (right), respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Corneal epithelial staining showed single-spot staining, scattered dot, localized, or large areas of fusion staining. No histopathological changes were found in the eyeballs or Hasselblad glands, and the results were evaluated as non-irritative. Conclusion The irregularity of corneal epithelial staining in rabbits did not influence the results of the ocular irritation test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo investigate the concentration and change characteristics of 1，5-anhydroglucitol （1，5-AG） in the vitreous humor of rabbit cadavers with hyperglycemic metabolism, and to explore the value of 1，5-AG in forensic pathology identification of death caused by hyperglycemic metabolism disorders.MethodsA diabetic hyperglycemic rabbit model was established by using alloxan. Eighteen rabbits with fasting glucose concentration ≥13.80 mmol/L （experimental group） and 18 healthy rabbits with fasting glucose concentration ≤6.10 mmol/L （control group） were selected. After death from air embolism. The blood samples were collected immediately, and vitreous humor samples were collected at 0 h, 12 h, 24 h and 36 h after death. The concentration of 1，5-AG in the blood and vitreous humor of rabbits was determined.ResultsThe blood glucose concentration in the experimental group was （25.10±3.14） mmol/L. At the time of death, there was no significant difference in the concentration of 1，5-AG in the blood [（0.94±0.20） μg/mL] and in the vitreous humor （0.99±0.05 μg/mL, P>0.05）. The concentration of 1，5-AG in the vitreous humor of the experimental group was lower than that of the corresponding control group at all time points （P0.05）. Correlation analysis showed that the concentration of 1,5-AG in blood was negatively correlated with blood glucose in both control group and experimental group （control group: r=-0.79, P

ObjectiveTo establish a carbofuran intragastric administration death model in rabbits, and to observe the postmortem distribution and postmortem redistribution of carbofuran-7-phenyl glucuronic acid （Glu-7PH） in rabbits.MethodsThe postmortem distribution: Rabbits were given an administration of 1/2LD50, LD50, 2LD50 carbofuran. Dead rabbits were dissected immediately. Rabbits that had remained alive 2 hours were sacrificed by carbon dioxide （CO2） inhalation and dissected immediately. The myocardium, cardiac blood, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain and right hindlimb muscle were collected. The postmortem redistribution: After giving an administration of 4LD50 carbofuran, the myocardium, cardiac blood, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, and right hindlimb muscle were collected at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h postmortem in supine position at 15 ℃ room temperature. The quantity of Glu-7PH was determined by LC-MS/MS.ResultsThe postmortem distribution: Among the three dose groups, there were significant differences in the quantities of Glu-7PH in different tissues. The postmortem redistribution: There was no significant difference in the Glu-7PH quantities in cardiac blood, mycardium, spleen, kidney, brain and right hindlimb muscle, but there was a significant difference in the Glu-7PH quantities in the liver and lung.ConclusionThe mycardium, cardiac blood, liver, lung, kidney, brain and hindlimb muscle of rabbits can be used as appropriate samples for Glu-7PH detection. However, it should be noted that Glu-7PH was redistributed postmortem in rabbit liver and lung.

ObjectiveTo study the cooling reaction kinetic characteristics of the temperature difference between cadaver temperature and ambient temperature （hereinafter referred to as “cadaver temperature difference”） according to the reaction kinetics method.MethodsThirty rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 rabbits in each group. The rabbits were injected with 10% potassium chloride solution intravenously. After death, the rabbits were placed at 5 ℃, 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃ and 25 ℃ environment condition, respectively, and the rectal temperature was measured every minute for 20 hours. The measured cadaver temperature was subtracted from ambient temperature, and the cadaver temperature difference data was calculated using the reaction kinetics formula. The linear regression equation was fitted for analysis, and the experimental results were applied to the temperature difference data of human body after death for verification.ResultsUnder different environmental conditions, the linear coefficient determination of temperature difference -ln（C/C0） in rabbits was 0.99, showing a good linear relationship with time t. The application of human body temperature data after death was consistent with the results of animal experiments.ConclusionUnder stable conditions, the temperature difference cooling process after death in rabbits is a first-order kinetic response. The method can also be used to study the temperature difference in human body after death.

ObjectiveTo investigate the method and feasibility of establishing a rabbit heart-failure model using transverse aortic constriction (TAC).MethodsTwenty-five healthy male Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into an operation group (n=15) and a sham-operation group (n=10). The animals in the operation group underwent TAC to establish the rabbit model of heart failure. The sham-operation group underwent thoracotomy but no narrowing operation. Cardiac function was evaluated using ultrasound at 4 and 8 weeks after operation. Eight weeks after operation, the descending aortic flow velocity was detected using cardiac ultrasound, combined with molecular biological indexes and pathological observations to verify the feasibility and stability of TAC in establishing the rabbit heart-failure model.ResultsEight weeks after operation, 13 rabbits in the operation group and 10 in the sham-operation group survived. The blood flow velocities at the constriction in the operation group were >2.20 m/s. Compared with the sham-operation group, the following outcomes in the operation group increased significantly (P

Feed and nutrition are the material basis for maintaining the life of livestock and poultry, as well as important conditions for ensuring the sustainable development of animal husbandry and achieving its development towards "high-quality, high-yield, and high-efficiency". In recent years, the rabbit breeding industry has developed rapidly, but the utilization of conventional feed resources is limited by the large stock of ruminant animals such as cattle and sheep. Therefore, developing suitable feed resources for rabbits is particularly important, and research on nutritional requirements to improve the efficiency of nutrient utilization is also the key to precision breeding and cost saving and efficiency enhancement. In this article, by searching and organizing domestic and foreign literature in 2021, the impact of plant stems and leaves, as well as raw feed resources such as industrial and agricultural by-products, on the production performance and meat quality of rabbits, as well as the effects of new animal and plant protein feed replacing soybean meal and eight green and healthy feed additives replacing antibiotics was elaborated on. Also, the appropriate requirements of protein and amino acids, crude fiber, and trace elements and vitamins for different breeds and growth stages of rabbits, as well as their effects on various performance and intestinal health of rabbits were expounded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective　 To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of the external application of Miao medicine Wuteng ointment on rabbit knee osteoarthritis ( KOA). Methods　 Ninety-six rabbits were divided into the blank control group, model group, babu ointment group, low-dose, medium-dose, high-dose Wuteng ointment groups, with 16 rabbits in each group. Except for the blank control group, rabbit KOA cartilage models were established with 4% papain saline solution in the remaining groups. In the 6th week of modeling, the rabbits in the blank control group and the model group were given sterile gauze bandaging and fixation of the right knee joint every day. The rabbits in the low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose groups of Wuteng ointment were given 1, 2 and 4 g of Wuteng plaster in front of the right knee joint of the rabbit. The rabbits in the babu plaster group were given flurbiprofen and the plaster was applied to the front of the right knee joint. All were fixed with bandages for 4 h, administered once a day, and intervened for 4 weeks. Four rabbits were sacrificed in each group at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks of administration, and cartilage above the calcified layer at the apex of the right femoral medial condyle was taken. After HE staining, cartilage tissue morphological changes were observed, and the degree of histopathological changes of knee cartilage was evaluated by Mankin's score, and the expression levels of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway downstream target genes GSK-3β, MMP-3, OPG and Notch signaling pathway downstream target gene Notch1 in the knee cartilage tissues were detected by qRT-PCR. Results　 The surface of articular cartilage in the blank control group was smooth and flat, and the structure was clear. In the model group, the surface of articular cartilage was rough and uneven, the structure was blurred, the number of chondrocytes was small and the distribution was disordered. The rabbits in the high-dose group of Wuteng ointment had smooth and flat articular cartilage surface, clearer structure, and a larger number of chondrocytes with more uniform distribution. The rabbits in the low-dose and medium- dose groups of Wuteng ointment and the babu ointment group had different degrees of joint swelling and synovial hyperemia, their hierarchy was blurred, the number of chondrocytes was small and the distribution was mildly disordered. Compared with the blank control group, the model group had a high score of Mankin's in the knee cartilage tissues (P< 0. 05). Compared with the model group, the Mankin's score in the treatment group was low (P<0. 05), and the Mankin's score in the high-dose group of Wuteng ointment was the lowest ( P<0. 05). Compared with the blank control group, the expression levels of GSK-3β, MMP-3 and Notch1 mRNA in the knee cartilage tissues were higher in the model group (all P< 0. 05) and the expression of OPG mRNA was lower (P<0. 05). Compared with the model group, GSK-3β, MMP-3 and Notch1 mRNA expression levels were lower (all P<0. 05) and OPG mRNA expression was higher (P<0. 05), and the above index changes were the most significant in the high-dose group of Wuteng ointment (all P<0. 05). Conclusion　 Miao medicine Wuteng ointment can improve knee cartilage and subchondral lesions and delay the progression of the disease in KOA rabbits, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of downstream target genes of Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling pathways [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: With the increasing prevalence and mortality of ischemic heart disease, it is very important to study the pathophysiological mechanism, diagnosis and treatment of myocardial ischemia. By constructing animal models, researchers can deeply understand the pathophysiological mechanisms, therapeutic effects and drug safety of myocardial ischemia. OBJECTIVE: To summarize myocardial ischemia model methods so as to reveal the present situation and progress of myocardial ischemia animal models and to compare the advantages and disadvantages of various establishing methods, thereby providing reference for relevant clinical studies. METHODS: The databases of CNKI, WanFang Data Knowledge Service Platform, PubMed and GeenMedical were searched by computer from January 2000 to December 2021 using the keywords of “myocardial ischemia; animal models; miniature pigs.” Finally, 52 articles were included for review analysis according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At present, the clinical models of myocardial ischemia mainly include large animal species (dogs and pigs), rabbits, and rodents (rats and mice). Miniature pigs are the most ideal animal model donors for ischemic heart disease and have been widely used to prepare myocardial ischemia models. Among various methods for establishing acute myocardial ischemia models, open heart surgery and microcurrent stimulation have the characteristics of accurate positioning. Compared with the open thoracic surgery, closed thoracic surgery, drugs and microcurrent stimulation are simpler and more suitable for the clinical pathological process of acute myocardial ischemia. Moreover, the closed thoracic surgery that is minimally invasive and of high repeatability has become the preferred method. The main methods to construct the model of chronic myocardial ischemia include intima proliferation method, external chronic contraction method, microcirculation embolization method, high-fat diet method and subtotal ligation method. Microcirculation embolization can be used to explore the pathological mechanism of chronic myocardial ischemia caused by microcirculation disorders by blocking microvessels. In principle, both chronic extravascular contraction and subtotal ligation lead to chronic myocardial ischemia through extravascular mechanical compression, but subtotal ligation has a more controllable stenosis range and less damage to the natural structure of the vascular wall than chronic contraction. Intimal proliferation combined with high-fat diet is the most commonly used method to construct chronic myocardial ischemia model, as this combined method is closer to the clinical pathological mechanism of chronic coronary artery stenosis caused by atherosclerotic plaque. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to investigate the effect of Clostridium butyricum instead of antibiotics on growth performance and serum biochemical indexes of rabbits. Fifty healthy male rabbits at 90 d of age were randomly divided into five groups, with ten replicates in each group and one rabbit in each replicate. Rabbits in test group â…  (control group) were fed with a basal diet, rabbits in group â…¡ (antibiotic group) were fed basal diet + aureomycin 100 mg/kg, and rabbits in group â…¢, group â…£ and group â…¤ were fed with basal diet supplemented with 100, 250 and 400 mg/kg Clostridium butyricum, respectively. The pre-test lasted for 7 d and the formal experiment lasted for 30 d. The results showed that the final weight of rabbits in group â…¢, group â…£ and group â…¤ were extremely significantly higher than that in control group, and the result in group â…¤ was extremely significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.01), the average daily gain of rabbits in group â…£ and group â…¤ were extremely higher than those in group â…  and group â…¡ (P<0.01); the average daily feed intake of rabbits in group â…¢, group â…£ and group â…¤ were extremely significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.01);the feed to gain ratio of rabbits in group â…£ and group â…¤ were significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). Serum GLU and LDL-C in group â…¢, group â…£ and group â…¤ were extremely lower than those in group â…  and group â…¡ (P<0.01). The content of TC, TP, ALB and GLB in serum of rabbits in group â…¤ were extremely higher than those in group â…  and group â…¡ (P<0.01). The experiment indicates that adding 400 mg/kg Clostridium butyricum in diet can significantly improve the growth performance, promote lipid deposition, and improve immune function of rabbits. The experiment was to investigate the effect of Clostridium butyricum instead of antibiotics on growth performance and serum biochemical indexes of rabbits. Fifty healthy male rabbits at 90 d of age were randomly divided into five groups, with ten replicates in each group and one rabbit in each replicate. Rabbits in test group Ⅰ (control group) were fed with a basal diet, rabbits in group Ⅱ (antibiotic group) were fed basal diet + aureomycin 100 mg/kg, and rabbits in group Ⅲ, group Ⅳ and group Ⅴ were fed with basal diet supplemented with 100, 250 and 400 mg/kg Clostridium butyricum, respectively. The pre-test lasted for 7 d and the formal experiment lasted for 30 d. The results showed that the final weight of rabbits in group Ⅲ, group Ⅳ and group Ⅴ were extremely significantly higher than that in control group, and the result in group Ⅴ was extremely significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.01), the average daily gain of rabbits in group Ⅳ and group Ⅴ were extremely higher than those in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ (P<0.01); the average daily feed intake of rabbits in group Ⅲ, group Ⅳ and group Ⅴ were extremely significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.01);the feed to gain ratio of rabbits in group Ⅳ and group Ⅴ were significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). Serum GLU and LDL-C in group Ⅲ, group Ⅳ and group Ⅴ were extremely lower than those in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ (P<0.01). The content of TC, TP, ALB and GLB in serum of rabbits in group Ⅴ were extremely higher than those in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ (P<0.01). The experiment indicates that adding 400 mg/kg Clostridium butyricum in diet can significantly improve the growth performance, promote lipid deposition, and improve immune function of rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Artemisiae argyi Folium has the functions of dispersing cold, relieving pain, warming the meridians and stopping bleeding, which is cheap, widely used, low toxicity. It is widely used in medical, animal husbandry, food and other fields. Artemisiae argyi Folium contain volatile oil, flavonoids, triterpenoids, polysaccharides, phenylpropanoid and other active ingredients, which has antibacterial, anti-viral, hemostatic, anticoagulant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cholagogic and other biological activities. Artemisiae argyi Folium has been widely used in the breeding and disease prevention of pigs, cattle, sheep, rabbits, chickens, fish and other animals. The paper reviews the active ingredients, efficacy and application of Artemisiae argyi Folium in animal breeding, to provide reference for its application and promotion in animal breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The study aimed to explore the expression rule of ESR gene in different gonad tissues of domestic rabbit population, as well as its role in molecular regulation mechanism, so as to provide scientific basis for improving reproductive traits of rabbits by using molecular marker technology. 【Method】Against the background, real-time PCR was applied to detect ESR gene in ovary, fallopian tube and uterus tissues of the following rabbits at different reproduction periods, including Zika giant white rabbits, California rabbits and Qixing meat rabbits.【Result】ESR1 gene was expressed in ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus tissues of pregnant female rabbits from three different breeds to different degrees, while no significant difference existed between different breeds and different tissues. ESR gene was expressed in the three gonads of Zika giant white rabbits at different reproduction periods, and the expression trend tended to be consistent, namely uterus>fallopian tube>ovary. Further analysis on the ESR expression levels in each tissue was carried out, and it was found that the expression of ESR1 gene in uterus of empty pregnant rabbits was significantly higher than that of pregnant rabbits（P < 0.05）. The expression of ESR1 gene in empty pregnant rabbits was significantly higher than that of pregnant rabbits（P < 0.05）. The expression of ESR1 gene in the fallopian tube of nonpregnant rabbits was significantly higher than that in pregnant rabbits（P < 0.05）. 【Conclusion】The expression of ESR1 gene was detected in the ovary, fallopian tube and uterus of Zika giant white rabbits, California rabbits and Qixing meat rabbits during pregnancy, indicating that ESR1 gene may play an important role in rabbit reproduction.There was significant difference in the expression level of ESR1 gene in the gonad tissue of Zika giant female rabbit with different physiological stages. It may be relevant to the reproductive capacity of the breed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the difference of electroreactivity and electrocoagulation of commonly used interventional materials. Methods The resistance of different types of micro-guide wire and spring coil are measured with a multimeter to obtain the physical parameters reflecting the conductivity. The in vitro electrolytic gas production experiment was carried out with physiological saline and isolated arterial blood of New Zealand white rabbits as the medium, the gas production data were obtained, and the thrombus adhesion on the surface of the materials was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Results The resistance measurement results showed ASAHI, SilverSpeed, Traxcess micro - guide wire and Axium spring coil have good conductivity, the electrolytic gas production could occur after power - up, and the voltage was positively correlated with gas production speed (P <0.05, for all). The results of in vitro arterial blood electrocoagulation showed that better thrombosis quality could be obtained by increasing the voltage. Conclusions The micro - guide wire and spring coil used for intra - arterial electrocoagulation can preliminarily selected by resistance measurement, and the voltage is the key factor to determine the electrical reaction intensity and thrombosis quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the effects and influencing mechanism of HGF regulating β-catenin signaling pathway on the repair of femoral neck fractures in rabbits. Methods: 15 rabbits with femoral neck fractures were randomly divided into semisynthetic extracellular matrix like hydrogel group (sECM group), sECmM+HGF group and demineralized bone matrix group (DBM group). The autologous right side was used as the experimental side and the left side as the control side. The general condition, fracture healing quality score, the maximum load, deflection and stiffness of callus and mRNA expression levels of BMP-2, TGF-β1, PDGF and bFGF and the protein expression levels of COL-I, Wnt5a, β-catenin and Lef-1 in BMSC cells were compared among the groups. Results: The fracture healing quality scores of the experimental side in sECM+HGF group and DBM group were higher than the control side at different weeks after surgery (P<0.05), and were higher than the experimental side in sECM group (P<0.05). At 8 weeks after surgery, the maximum load, deflection and stiffness of the experimental side callus in sECM+HGF group and DBM group were better than those in the control side (P<0.05), and the indicators were better than those of the experimental side in sECM group (P<0.05). At 2 weeks and 4 weeks after surgery, the expressions of BMP-2, TGF-β1, PDGF and bFGF in the experimental side were higher than those in the control side in sECM+HGF group and DBM group (P<0.05), and the expressions were higher than those in the experimental side of sECM group (P<0.05), and the expression of BMP-2 in the experimental side of sECM+HGF group and DBM group was higher than that in the experimental side of sECM group at 8 weeks after surgery (P<0.05). At 2 weeks after surgery, the expression of COL-I in the experimental side of sECM+HGF group and DBM group was higher than that in the control side (P<0.05). The expression of COL-I in the experimental side of sECM+HGF group and DBM group at 2 and 4 weeks after surgery was higher than that in the experimental side of sECM group during the same period (P<0.05). At 8 weeks after surgery, the expression of wnt5a in the experimental side of sECM+HGF group and DBM group was lower than that in the control side (P<0.05) and was lower than that in the experimental side of sECM group, while the expressions of β-catenin and Left-1 were higher than those in the control side (P<0.05) and were higher than those in the experimental side of sECM group (P<0.05). Conclusion: HGF up-regulates the expressions of BMP-2, TGF-β1, PDGF, bFGF and COL-1, and significantly promotes the fracture repair process of rabbits with femoral neck fractures by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the effects of different high ligation of hernia sac methods on the morphology and patency of vas deferens. Methods Thirty healthy male rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: traditional operation (TO) group, intracorporeal purse suturing (IP) group, and laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure (LPEC) group. Bilateral inner rings were high ligated by corresponding operation methods after anesthesia. On the 14th and 28th days after operation, 5 samples were randomly selected from each group and examined by contrast-enhanced vas deferens ultrasonography. Laparoscopy was used to explore the peritoneal healing and anti-abdominal pressure degree of the inner ring orifice. The inner ring orifice tissues were taken and examined by HE and Masson staining. Results The operation of each experimental group was smooth, and there were no accidental death during and after operation, no incision infection, no iatrogenic cryptorchidism or testicular atrophy. The vas deferens in the TO group were folded and distorted to varying degrees after operation. One case of unilateral complete vas deferens obstruction appeared in the samples examined at 28 days after operation. In the IP group, local stenosis was the main manifestation of vas deferens obstruction after operation. In the LPEC group, the mainly cause was mild angulation after operation. No complete vas deferens obstruction was found in the IP group and LPEC group. There were significant differences in postoperative vas deferens patencyscores between the three groups(all P<0. 05). Different time after operation had no significant effect on the score(P> 0. 05), and the interaction between grouping and days after operation had no significant effect on the score of vas deferens patency after operation(all P>0. 05). After laparoscopic exploration, the peritoneum of the inner ring orifice of all samples healed, and no defect was visible to naked eyes. Pneumoperitoneum pressure increased. In the IP group, on the 14th day after operation, 3 samples had air leakage at 16 and 17 and 17 mmHg, respectively, and the other samples could bear pneumoperitoneum pressure ≥ 20 mmHg. Pathological examination showed that the anatomical level was obviously disordered in the TO group in comparison with the other two groups, and the boundary of tissue space was unclear. On the 14th and 28th days after operation, inflammatory cells and fibroblasts infiltrated around the ligature in all three groups. The fibroblast infiltration was the heaviest in the TO group, and the degree of the IP group was similar to that in the LPEC group. After the semi-quantitative analysis by image analysis software, the difference among the three groups was statistically significant(P<0. 05). Conclusions Both IP and LPEC have slight influence on the morphology and structure of vas deferens, and the operation is safe, reliable, and effective. Among them, LPEC is more effective than IP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Forensic Medicine / Fayixue Zazhi is the property of Journal of Forensic Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to solve the problem of deviation in quality grading of Angora rabbit (long-haired rabbit) hair in production, sales, trading and transaction, the national standards GSB 16-3743--2020 "Grading standard sample of Angora rabbit hair-white raw hair" was developed according to GB/T 13832--2009 "Angora rabbit hair". The standard sample complements and perfects GB/T 13832--2009 "Angora rabbit hair", through uniformity analysis, stability analysis, fixed value test and uncertainty analysis and so on, which can be used in the quality classification and grading quality of the rabbit trading of rabbit. The standard sample fills the gaps of Angora rabbit hair standard sample in China for a long time, and provides an important basis for the production, processing, trading and inspection of Angora rabbit hair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to explore the feasibility of using the extractive liquid sediment (SXBS) produced in pharmaceutical process of Shengxuebao mixture as a feed additive. The research used UPLC-TOF-MS and other technologies to analyze the small molecule chemical composition and nutritional composition of SXBS, and SXBS was added into diet of New Zealand rabbits for 60 d. The effect of SXBS on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, slaughter performance and intestinal flora of New Zealand rabbits were investigated. The feeding safety of SXBS was reflected by blood routine, blood biochemical analysis and histopathological observation. The results showed that SXBS was rich in nutrients such as carbohydrates, crude fiber, crude protein and crude fat, and contained a lot of active ingredients such as flavonoids, amino acids, terpenes, polyphenols and saponins. SXBS had no effect on growth performance of New Zealand rabbits. SXBS could significantly regulate the bacterial and fungal flora structure of New Zealand rabbits' gut, up-regulate linoleic acid, propionic acid, taurine, galactose and other metabolic functions related to the digestion and absorption of intestinal carbohydrates, and increase the abundance of Zygosaccharomyces ruberii. SXBS had no obvious toxic effect on New Zealand rabbits within 60 d, and the safety was good. The study indicates that SXBS can be used in rabbit breeding as a rabbit feed additive for regulating intestinal microecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the repair effect of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSC) on endometrium of intrauterine adhesion (IUA) by establishing animal model. Methods: Eighteen healthy female New Zealand white rabbits were divided into a control group, an IUA group and an hUCB-MSC transplantation group according to random number table method. The control group underwent laparotomy only. The IUA group underwent IUA modeling surgery using curettage and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) cotton placed in uterine cavity for double injury. The hUCB-MSC transplantation group received the same IUA modeling surgery followed by multipoint injection of hUCB-MSC suspension (2×10 6 cells/ml, 500 μl) into the bilateral uterine myometrium one week after surgery. Four weeks after the IUA modeling surgery, the rabbits were euthanized and samples were collected. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining were used to assess the number of endometrial glands and the fibrosis rate. RNA sequencing was performed on the endometrium of the IUA group and hUCB-MSC transplantation group.The mRNA and protein expression of the fibrosis markers [transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1)] and RNA sequencing-related parameters were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Results: Compared with the control group, the number of glands in IUA group decreased (26.33±1.53 vs 4.33±1.53, P <0.001), and the fibrosis rate increased (18.01%±2.21% vs 69.55%±2.42%, P <0.001), indicating successful modeling. HE and Masson staining revealed that the number of glands in the hUCB-MSC transplantation group was increased compared with that in IUA group (17.33±2.52 vs 4.33±1.53, P <0.001), and the fibrosis rate decreased (69.55%±2.42% vs 41.55%±1.99%, P =0.001). Western blot analyses of fibrosis-related proteins (TGF-β1 and TIMP1) showed elevated levels of TGF-β1 (0.91±0.05) and TIMP1 (0.99±0.01) proteins in the IUA group compared to control group (0.61±0.04, 0.68±0.07) ( P =0.001, 0.015). The hUCB-MSC transplantation group exhibited reduced expression of TGF-β1 (0.69±0.04) and TIMP1 (0.62±0.08) proteins compared to the IUA group ( P =0.005, 0.014). Western Blot results related to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway [phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p-PI3K), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT)] showed that the expression of p-PI3K(1.05±0.05) and p-AKT(1.17±0.06) in the IUA group increased compared to the control group (0.78±0.03, 0.85±0.05) ( P =0.002, 0.002). The expression of p-PI3K (0.74±0.02) and p-AKT (0.93±0.04) proteins in the hUCB-MSC transplantation group decreased compared to the IUA group ( P =0.003, 0.005). Conclusion: hUCB-MSC can repair the damaged endometrium in rabbit intrauterine adhesion model by increasing the number of endometrial glands and improving its level of fibrosis.

Objective: The rabbit knee osteoarthritis(KOA) model was established by simple anterior cruciate ligament disruption., Methods: The selected 40 adult white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups, blank group with 6 rabbits and model group with 34 rabbits. The rabbits in model group were given the disruption of anterior cruciate ligament of right knee joint. In the fourth, eighth and the twelfth weeks of modeling, different degrees of degenerative changes have been observed on the rabbits articular cartilages from both macroscopic and microscopic aspects., Results: At 4, 8 and 12 weeks after modeling, the articular cartilage of the rabbits in the model group showed degenerative changes in different degrees. At 8 and 12 weeks, the typical pathological manifestations of KOA in the middle and late stages were found in the infrapatellar fat pad and synovium, respectively. There were no changes in articular cartilage, infrapatellar fat pad and synovial membrane in the blank group at the same time. There were significant differences in the gross score between the model group and the blank group at 4 weeks [(1.300±0.674) vs 0.000], 8 weeks [(2.400±0.516) vs 0.000] and 12 weeks [(3.583±0.668) vs 0.000] ( P <0.05), the histopathological scores were significantly different, at 4 weeks [(2.900±0.567) vs 0.000], 8 weeks [(7.500±1.178) vs (0.500±0.707)], 12 weeks[(11.833±1.337) vs (1.500±0.707)], ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: The establishment of rabbit knee arthritis model by simply cutting the anterior cruciate ligament is simple and feasible, with good stability, high success rate, small trauma, short modeling cycle and less changes in animal physiological structure. The rabbit knee arthritis model established by simply cutting the anterior cruciate ligament has good modeling effect on different stages and grades of knee osteoarthritis, and the postoperative infection and trauma can be controlled, which can meet the test requirements.

Objective: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Jiaji" (EX-B 2) on extracellular matrix (ECM) of chondrocytes and inflammatory reaction in rabbits with Modic changes (MC) of cartilage endplate, and to explore the mechanism of EA in treating MC of endplate cartilage., Methods: Eighteen male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into a sham operation group, a model group and an EA group, 6 rabbits in each group. Based on the autoimmune theory, MC model was established by embedding autogenous nucleus pulposus in the rabbits of the model group and the EA group, based on autoimmunity. After successful modeling, EA was applied at bilateral "Jiaji" (EX-B 2) of L 5 and L 6 in the EA group, with disperse-dense wave, 2 Hz/15 Hz in frequency and 1 mA in current intensity, 20 min a time, once a day, 1-day interval was taken after continuous 6-day intervention, for 4 weeks totally. Before and after modeling, as well as before and after intervention, the comprehensive response score was observed. After modeling and intervention, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to observe the signal intensity of intervertebral disc and cartilage endplate. After intervention, the morphology of chondrocytes of cartilage endplate was observed by HE staining; the positive expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif-5 (ADAMTS5) and Aggrecan in the cartilage endplate was detected by immunohistochemistry; the levels of inflammatory factors i.e. interleukin-1β (1L-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the cartilage endplate were detected by ELISA; the protein expression of ADAMTS5, Aggrecan, matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), IL-1β and TNF-α in the cartilage endplate was detected by Western blot., Results: Compared with the sham operation group, in the model group, the comprehensive response score was decreased ( P <0.01); L 5 /L 6 intervertebral disc and the cancellous bones of endplate vertebral body showed low signal and unclear boundary; the chondrocytes of the cartilage endplate increased significantly, the cells were enlarged and hypertrophic, and the nuclei were wrinkled and clustered; the positive expression of ADAMTS5 as well as the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were increased ( P <0.01), while the positive expression of Aggrecan was decreased ( P <0.01) in the cartilage endplate; the protein expression of ADAMTS5, MMP-13, IL-1β and TNF-α was increased ( P <0.01), while that of Aggrecan was decreased ( P <0.01) in the cartilage endplate. Compared with the model group, in the EA group, the comprehensive response score was increased ( P <0.01); the signal of L 5 /L 6 intervertebral disc and the cancellous bones of endplate vertebral body was enhanced; the chondrocytes of the cartilage endplate were reduced, the nuclei were slightly crumpled and scattered; the positive expression of ADAMTS5 as well as the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were decreased ( P <0.05, P <0.01), while the positive expression of Aggrecan was increased ( P <0.01) in the cartilage endplate; the protein expression of ADAMTS5, MMP-13, IL-1β and TNF-α was decreased ( P <0.05, P <0.01), while that of Aggrecan was increased ( P <0.05) in the cartilage endplate., Conclusion: EA at "Jiaji" (EX-B 2) can delay the MC of cartilage endplate. The mechanism may be related to inhibiting the degradation of ECM of chondrocytes and the secretion of inflammatory factors, and repairing the degeneration of endplate cartilage.

Objective To study the effect and mechanism of huxintongluo decoction on rabbit atherosclerosis (AS) by regulating cholesterol lipid transporter protein (CETP). Methods Forty male New Zealand rabbits were divided into the blank control group, the AS model group, the simvastatin group [0.33 mg/(kg·d)] and the huxintongluo group [0.34 g/(kg·d)] according to random number table method, with 10 rabbits in each group. The blank control group was fed ordinary diet for 22 weeks. The other three groups were fed with high fat diet for 14 weeks, and then different drug intervention was performed in groups for 8 weeks. Serum levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) were detected before the experiment, 14 and 22 weeks after administration. The animals were sacrificed at the end of the 22-week, the thoracic aorta was separated, and the pathological changes were observed by hematoxyl-eosin (HE) staining. The expression levels of ABCA1, apoA-I and LCAT in liver tissues were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot assay. Results There were no significant differences in serum levels of TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C before the experiment between the four groups (P＞0.05). At week 14 of experiment, compared with the blank control group, serum levels of TC, TG and HDL-C were significantly increased in the other three groups, while the serum level of LDL-C was significantly decreased (P＜0.05). At week 22 of experiment, compared with the AS model group, serum levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly decreased in the other three groups, while serum level of HDL-C was significantly increased (P＜0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the serum level of CETP increased in the AS model group. Compared with the AS model group, the serum level of CETP decreased in the simvastatin group and the huxintongluo group. Compared with the blank control group, ABCA1, apoA-I and LCAT mRNA and protein levels in liver tissues were decreased in the AS model group. Compared with the AS model group, mRNA and protein levels of ABCA1, apoA-I and LCAT were increased in the simvastatin group and the Huxintongluo group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Huxintongluo decoction can activate ABCA1/apoA-I/LCAT pathway by reducing CETP level, ultimately improve HDL-C level and improve atherosclerosis in rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of Perthes disease is insidious and easily missed at an early stage, and the mechanism of pathogenesis is still not fully understood. Animal models are an important tool for studying the pathogenesis of Perthes disease and for conducting in vivo experiments. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the relevant domestic and foreign literature, classify animals of different species to review the characteristics and application of animal models of Perthes disease, and provide references for the in vivo experimental research of Perthes disease. METHODS: Using “Perthes, Perthes disease, animal model, animal” as the Chinese and English search terms, articles were searched on PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 61 articles were finally included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The main species for establishing the animal models of Perthes disease are piglets, rats, mice, young rabbits, puppies, and young sheep. Piglets, rats, young rabbits, young dogs, and young sheep are modeled at the proximal femur, while mice are modeled at the distal femur. (2) So far, piglets are the most used animals to model Perthes disease, and femoral neck ligation is the most mature method to model piglets. The epiphyseal growth plate of rats exists for life, and spontaneously hypertensive rats have the characteristics of primary avascular necrosis of the femoral head. (3) Mice have the advantage of being conducive to gene manipulation, and mice have great application prospects in basic research. The size of the young rabbit is moderate, the size of the femoral head is moderate, and it is easy to observe and obtain materials. (4) The puppies are large and convenient for local operation research, but they are difficult to be kept in captivity and expensive. (5) The imaging changes of young sheep model were not similar to Perthes disease. (6) At present, on the whole, the specific animal and method for modeling are selected according to the experimental conditions and objectives of scholars. The femoral neck cerclage method is the most mature model for piglets, and this model is currently the best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the effect of acupotomy on the lncRNA/miRNA/NF-κB pathway of knee cartilage in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and explore the mechanism of the cartilage-protective effect of acupotomy on KOA. Methods New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into control, model, and acupotomy groups, with nine rabbits in each group. The rabbit model of KOA was established by the Videman fixation method, and the acupotomy group was given acupotomy intervention once weekly for 3 weeks after modeling. Cartilage tissue of the knee joint was sampled, pathological changes in cartilage tissue were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and cartilage tissue damage was observed by scanning electron microscopy. RT-qPCR was used to determine the expressions of long noncoding RNA-small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (lncRNA-SNHG1), long non-coding RNA-activated by transforming growth factor β (lncRNA-ATB), miR-16-5p and miR-223-3p, and mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κB p65) and nuclear factor inhibitor protein κB (IκBα); immunoblotting (WB) analysis was used for the protein expressions of NF-κB p65, phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65), IκBα, phosphorylated IκBα (p-IκBα), COX-2, and iNOS. Moreover, protein expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α were determined using ELISA. Correlation analysis was done for lncRNA-SNHG1/miR-16-5p and lncRNA-ATB / miR-223-3p. Results Pathological and scanning electron microscopic examination showed that there was significant damage to the cartilage tissue in KOA rabbits. Compared with the control group, the mRNA expression levels of NF-κB p65, IκBα, COX-2, iNOS, IL-6, and TNF-α as well as the expression levels of lncRNA-ATB and miR-16-5p were higher (P< 0. 01). The lncRNA-SNHG1 and miR-223-3p expression levels were lower in the knee cartilage tissue of the model group (P<0. 01). The protein expression levels of p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65, p-IκBα/ IκBα, COX-2, iNOS, IL-6, and TNF-α were higher in the model group (P<0. 01). Compared with the model group, the mRNA expression levels of IκBα, COX-2, iNOS, IL-6 (P<0.01), TNF-α, NF-κB p65 (P< 0.05), lncRNA-ATB, and miR-16-5p expression levels were lower (P <0.01). Moreover, lncRNASNHG1, miR-223-3p expression levels were higher (P<0.01) in the knee cartilage tissue of the acupotomy group. The protein expression levels of p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65, p-IκBα/ IκBα, COX-2, iNOS, and IL-6, TNF-α were lower in the acupotomy group (P<0.01). Negative correlations of expression levels were observed between lncRNA-SNHG1 and miR-16-5p and between lncRNA-ATB and miR-223-3p (P<0.01). Conclusion The effect of acupotomy therapy to protect knee cartilage in KOA rabbits may be related to the regulation of lncRNA-SNHG1/ miR-16-5p and lncRNA-ATB/miR-223-3p pathways, which jointly inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forensic Science & Technology is the property of Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study was to investigate the effect of adding bacteriophages, probiotics and antimicrobial peptides (AMP) in basic diet on growth performance, intestinal flora and slaughter performance of meat rabbits. 350 New Zealand rabbits of 30-day-old with similar body weight were randomly divided into seven groups, with five replicates in each group, and ten rabbits in each replicate. The rabbits in control group were fed with basic diet, and those in group 1, group 2, group 3, group 4, group 5 and group 6 were fed a basal diet supplemented with phage, probiotics, antimicrobial peptides, phage + probiotics, bacteriophage + antimicrobial peptides and antimicrobial peptides + probiotics, respectively. The experimental period was 35 d. The results showed that compared with control group, the feed to gain ratio, diarrhea rate and mortality rate of meat rabbits in experimental group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The number of lactic acid bacteria in meat rabbits in experimental group was significantly increased (P<0.05), the number of Salmonella and Escherichia coli of meat rabbits in experimental group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Kidney index in meat rabbits in experimental group 4 and group 5 was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The spleen index of experimental group 1 and group 5 was significantly increased (P<0.05). The experiment indicates that the addition of phage, probiotics and antimicrobial peptides can improve the performance of meat rabbits, improve intestinal microecological environment and slaughter performance, the combination of phage and antimicrobial peptides can significantly improve performance indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnancy diagnosis is one of the most important links in the reproductive management of meat rabbits. Especially, the early identification of non-pregnant rabbits can advance the re-insemination time, further improving the service rate of breeding rabbits for a shorter reproductive cycle in commercial productions. However, the manual touch diagnosis can present some stress responses of rabbits at present. A non-invasive approach can be an alternative for the early pregnancy diagnosis in the future large-scale production of rabbits. In this study, a non-invasive portable diagnosis device was developed to rapidly and accurately identify the early pregnancy of rabbits using spatial diffuse light. The optical characteristics also presented differently from the gestational sac tissue in the abdomen of pregnant and non-pregnant rabbits. The portable diagnostic device consisted of a sensing probe and a signal processing host with two infrared LEDs (the light-emitting wavelengths of 850 and 930 nm), three silicon-based photodiodes, and peripheral circuits. 130 rabbits were selected to test after 14 days of artificial insemination, including 63 pregnant rabbits and 67 non-pregnant rabbits. The collected data was then divided into the training set and test set, according to the ratio of 7:3. Specifically, the training set was used to establish the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and support vector machine (SVM) classification model. The test set was used to evaluate the classification performance of the established model. At the same time, the PLS-DA was conducted for the supervised principal component analysis (PCA) and variable importance analysis (VIA) on the sampling data. The results showed that there were great differences between the sampling datasets of pregnant and non-pregnant rabbits, indicating a better classification. Furthermore, it was found that the SVM presented a better classification performance than that of the PLS-DA for the pregnant and non-pregnant rabbits, where the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the test set data were 80.95%, 83.33%, and 82.05%, respectively. Consequently, the developed diagnosis device can be widely expected to rapidly identify the pregnancy of rabbits within 14 days after insemination, indicating a feasible optical pregnancy diagnosis. The finding can provide a strong reference to the early pregnancy diagnosis of rabbits, further enhancing the intelligent level of industrial equipment in rabbit production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To discuss the application value of diatom examination in lung tissue for the forensic diagnosis of drowning. Methods The experimental animals were divided randomly into drowning, postmortem submergence and dying on land group. Diatoms in lung tissue and drowning fluid were analyzed quantitatively by microwave digestion-vacuum filtration-automated scanning electron microscopy diatom examination method. The ratios of content of diatoms in lung tissue and drowning fluid （CL/CD ratio） were recorded. Results The CL/CD ratios of experimental rabbits in the drowning group （5.82±3.50） were much higher than that of postmortem submergence group （0.47±0.35）; the CL/CD ratios of different parts of the lung lobes of experimental pigs in the drowning group were higher than that of postmortem submergence group （P1.6 were from drowning group. Conclusion CL/CD ratio is an indicator with good application prospects in the diagnosis of drowning.

Objectives: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the morphological changes of intervertebral disc tissues, apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells, and the protein expression of Unc-51 like autophagy-activated kinase 1 (ULK1), homologous series of yeast Atg6 (Beclin1), and light chain protease complication 3 type (LC3) in nucleus pulposus tissue of cervical spondylosis rabbits, so as to explore the role of cellular autophagy in EA treatment of cervical spondylosis., Methods: A total of 24 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into blank, model and EA groups, with 8 rabbits in each group. In the EA group, both sides of the cervical (C)3-C6 "Jiaji" (EX-B2) were stimulated by EA (2 Hz/100 Hz, 1 mA) for 25 min, once daily for 5 days in a course, with a 2-day interval between courses, totaling 4 treatment courses. X-ray was used to assess cervical spine radiographic changes and evaluate radiographic scores；transmission electron microscopy was used to observe ultrastructural changes in nucleus pulposus cells；HE staining was used to observe morphological changes of intervertebral disc tissues and conduct pathological scoring；TUNEL staining was used to observe apoptosis rate of nucleus pulposus cells；Western blot was performed to detect protein expression levels of ULK1, Beclin1, and LC3 in nucleus pulposus tissue., Results: Compared with the blank group, rabbits in the model group showed significantly higher cervical spine radiographic scores ( P <0.01), higher pathological scores of intervertebral disc tissues ( P <0.05), increased apoptosis rate of nucleus pulposus cells ( P <0.01), and decreased expression levels of ULK1, Beclin1, and LC3Ⅱ proteins in nucleus pulposus tissue ( P <0.05). Compared with the model group, the EA group showed significantly lower pathological scores of intervertebral discs ( P <0.05), lower apoptosis rate of nucleus pulposus cells ( P <0.01), and higher protein expression levels of ULK1, Beclin1, and LC3Ⅱ in nucleus pulposus tissue ( P <0.01). Rabbits in the blank control group exhibited generally normal organelle structures in nucleus pulposus tissues with few autophagic vacuoles, indicative of early stages of autophagy；while those in the model group showed disrupted organelle structures with cytoplasmic condensation and those in the EA group exhibited autophagosomes with double-membrane structures in nucleus pulposus tissues., Conclusions: EA promotes the expression of ULK1, Beclin1, and LC3Ⅱ proteins in nucleus pulposus tissues, reduces apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells, and improves intervertebral disc degeneration.